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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advancements in infra-red array detectors (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Despite many advances during the last decade in both infra-red sensor and solid state camera technology, until now little headway has been made in the production of cost-effective semiconductor sensor arrays capable of operating far into the infra-red. Old ideas, renewed by the capabilities offered by the latest micromachine technology, may change all this. Reviews the problems associated with building such sensor arrays before introducing some interesting new research results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910294664
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scannerless laser range camera (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The requirement to quickly obtain 3D measurements is common to a variety of tasks in different fields of applications, i.e. robotics, space craft rendezvous and docking scenarios and industrial assemblies. In this paper, a novel type of non-scanning optical 3D laser camera is presented. This is useful for both space and industrial applications. Avoiding any moving mechanical parts, the new sensor is able to exceed the frame rate and lateral resolution limits of common scanning devices, while providing both a grey-scale image and a dense range image of the scene at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910294691
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A strategy for accurate guidance of a manipulator using laser interferometry-based sensing technique (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 292-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Laser interferometry-based sensing (LIS) technique has been proposed and established recently to track and perform dynamic measurements on a moving end-effector of a robot manipulator. In this paper, a technique using LIS system to perform guidance of a manipulator is proposed. The LIS system is used as a sensor to guide the end-effector of a robot manipulator. This is to be accomplished through the implementation of guidance error determination and compensation, and path generation in the control algorithm. This technique can be used to accurately guide the manipulator's end-effector to a specified location or along a specified path with a high level of accuracy. The structure and various components within the system and the control strategy are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910294727
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductive polymer-carbon black composites-based sensor arrays for use in an electronic nose (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 300-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Polymer-carbon black composites are a new class of chemical detecting sensors used in electronic noses. These composites are prepared by mixing carbon black and polymer in an appropriate solvent. The mixture is deposited on a substrate between two metal electrodes, whereby the solvent evaporates leaving a composite film. Arrays of these chemiresistors, made from a chemically diverse number of polymers and carbon black, swell reversibly, inducing a resistance change on exposure to chemical vapors. These arrays generate a pattern that is a unique fingerprint for the vapor being detected. With the aid of algorithms these patterns are processed and recognized. These arrays can detect and discriminate between a large number of chemical vapors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910294745
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PDF417 portable data files a new dimension in barcodes (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines research work based on the application of coding theory andinformation theory to barcode systems design, with the aim of developing areplacement for traditional linear barcodes. The coding device needs to becheap to print and easy to read but also have the ability to store andretrieve a complete transaction file. The result of this work was PDF417, asymbol which can contain over a kilobyte of binary data or almost 2,000alphanumeric characters. Describes the key features of PDF417 and givesexamples of applications in the automotive industry, supply chaincommunications and military ID card systems. Concludes that PDF417 PortableData File technology opens the door to a wide range of important newapplication opportunities, sometimes complimenting and other times replacingthe traditional linear barcodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004261
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    KAO—vision aids floppy quality (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 19-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes how a computer disk and storage media company [KAO Infosystemsof the USA]uses machine vision technology to maintain the quality of itsproducts by isolating problems and identifying ways of improving themanufacturing process. Emphasises the need to fully define applications andevaluate the technology before introducing a new element to an automationprocess and stresses the need to integrate the vision system hardware withthe plant's existing manufacturing equipment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004259
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 2-D symbology application at ups (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 40-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines the development of a 2-D matrix symbology and reader,designed to cope with the demands of a large parcel delivery business.Describes how the information for each parcel is encoded in atwo-dimensional array of hexagons surrounding central recognitionpatterns and discusses the technical challenge of developing a high speedconveyor belt reader. Concludes that this type of system could play animportant role in package delivery services in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004262
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFID enhances materials handling (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 36-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes developments in radio frequency identification [RFID]techniques, using examples from existing applications in the motor industry,breweries and mail order companies. Looks at the miniaturization resultingfrom integrated circuit technology, the advantages of passive transpondersand one of the latest versions of transponder, the Multipage [M/P], a tagwhich contains the equivalent of 17 individual transponders in a single unit.Concludes that the advent of low-cost integrated RFID technology hasenabled new solutions to production problems in the materials handlingenvironment. Tagging brings improvements in efficiency, security andaccuracy by uniquely labelling units with the production process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004267
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent developments in image capture for machine vision (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes developments in cameras for machine vision, outlining thelimitations of cameras designed for television purposes and going on to lookat linear array and matrix-type video cameras. Examines the techniquesby which high resolution cameras achieve their results and also coversasynchronous triggering, stop-motion techniques, ways of maintainingspatial digitization, finishing with the design of lenses and geometricaldistortion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510085534
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RF tags overcome European hurdles (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Explains how radio frequency tagging has established itself in Australia and the USA, where 915MHz is acceptable for this purpose and pulsed power allows read distances of 7m or more to be achieved with a passive (no batteries) tag. Points out that in Europe there is no one acceptable frequency available in every country, so a pioneer Australian company has adopted 458MHz for UK use and 433MHz for Germany and some other countries. Describes some of the successful applications so far and points to future possibilities including monitoring of BSE in cattle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610130956
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acousto-magnetics: stop the thief (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 19-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Spotlights acousto-magnetic technology and how it can be used to activate alarms (without false alarms). Assesses its suitability for reducing shop-lifting compared with Swept RF technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610130974
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smart pallet system improves warehouse productivity (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes a smart pallet system based on Texas Instruments' technology and its use in warehousing. Looks at the system's use at Unilever Italia, and concludes that it is a valuable tool for warehouse managers to speed up just-in-time orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004280
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vehicle sensing gets an inflated image (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Studies safety measures in cars, such as airbags and automatic seat-belt tensioning. Provides details of how airbags function and of single-point sensing, three-point sensing, side-impact sensing and covers other developments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610130965
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Smart Seat approach (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Observes that the provision of intelligent control is seen as the logical extension of existing seat-belt and airbag systems for passenger vehicles to optimize secondary safety performance. Demonstrates the need for discrete information about the driver/passenger in the vehicle in order to provide optimal control of seat-belt pre-tensioning; seat-belt reel-out (post-crash pulse); and air bag inflation timing and/or rate. Finds, from system modelling and statistical crash data, that such information as occupant mass and position with respect to vehicle interior and steering wheel are important parameters in the optimal control of the above integrated systems. Justifies these needs and shows that the design of a Smart Seat provides the necessary data. Explains that the design incorporates sensor systems, using a Mechatronic integrated approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610130983
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-diagnostic gas sensors which differentiate carbon monoxide from interference gases for residential applications (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 37-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Highlights lessons which can be learned about residential carbon monoxide detectors. States that four types of sensor technology can be applied and points out the drawbacks of three of these. Describes the fourth technology, used in SEMDEC sensors, and discusses tests carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610130992
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bio-chemical sensors (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Sheds light on why there is now such a proliferation of new chemical sensors. Describes various olfactory sensors and their differing uses. Concludes that in some areas, although not as efficient as traditional methods, sensors do have some merit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610131009
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital signal processing (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reviews the underlying principles of digital signal processing (DSP) with little recourse to mathematics. Aims to encourage experimentation to obtain a feel for the processes involved. DSP provides a powerful numeric means of extracting useful information from sensor data applied to a system. Discusses the basic concepts of such processing techniques and introduces some useful algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710163319
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A digital data recording and playback system (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 21-30 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes a complex, high capacity, high speed digital data recording and playback system using four embedded processors running a mixture of LynxOS and task-specific assembler kernels. The system enables multi-channel asynchronous data to be recorded and reproduced with no loss of temporal fidelity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710163328
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrument calibration - a guide through the maze (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 31-32 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Defines Certificates of Conformance, Calibration Certificates, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and National Accreditation for Measurement and Sampling (NAMAS). Shows how instrument users can be confident not only that their instruments are accurately calibrated, but also that they can be proved to be so, by using the services of NAMAS accredited laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710163337
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Optical fibre sensing for intelligent monitoring using chromatic methodologies (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A brief description is given of chromatic optical fibre sensing with particular reference to the monitoring of semiconductor plasma processing. Via this particular example it is shown how such chromatic sensing forms a convenient basis for interconnecting the sensing function of fibre based devices with modern signal processing methodologies enabling intelligent monitoring systems to be assembled. The generic nature of chromatic sensing is illustrated by reference to a number of sensors for addressing different measureands and the route for extending the methodology for the intelligent monitoring of high voltage circuit breakers is indicated as an example of the wider application of the approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810198310
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new six degrees of freedom position sensor greatly improves flexible manufacturing - but will manufacturers adapt? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 73-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Claims that manufacturing industry needs better multi-dimensional position sensors to keep pace with increased speed and capabilities of automated equipment and robots. The market for laser and vision sensors is growing at a rapid speed. However, most of the robot-mounted sensors are one-, two- or at most three-dimensional, while the robotics industry has progressed to six-axis machines, leaving a gross mismatch in its capability to perform and sense the required task. A new laser sensor described in this paper provides information on up to six degrees of position, enabling robots to sense as well as they can physically manipulate, and opening the door to vast improvements in flexible manufacturing. To expedite these improvements, the manufacturing industry should take a lead and not let an outdated norm hinder implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810796000
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical metrology in manufacturing automation (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 81-87 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Optical measurement sensors are increasingly available, often finding application in measurement and inspection of manufactured products. For example, theodolites and laser trackers are already used to calibrate jigs and tooling. Digital photogrammetry is used in dimensional inspection of assemblies such as aircraft wings. Such tasks demand high performance sensors with 2D and 3D capability, large working envelopes, high accuracy, low measurement latency and increased flexibility. The availability of sensors which meet and exceed such criteria is fuelling new possibilities in the manufacturing process itself. Fixed tooling may be eliminated and replaced by flexible fixturing under the control of embedded sensor systems. Sensor technology is reviewed and a novel application presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810209812
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochromic ultraviolet light sensor and applications (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 176-177 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The need for a small, low cost, simple, personal UVR detector has been motivated by the growing concerns about adverse health effects induced by UV radiation. SolarTech Enterprises, LLC has developed several such photochromic detectors for UV radiation detection. Broadband detectors (290nm to 400nm) and wavelength specific detectors for UVB and UVA regions of the spectrum have all been developed by SolarTech.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810226381
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Key to success for vision system users (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 178-182 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes an "innovation" in machine vision technology from Cognex, UK called PatMax. This is technology implemented in machine vision software that "understands" images. Describes the benefits of PatMax according to Cognex, UK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810226390
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensor controlled pyrolysis in consumer ovens (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 188-192 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Pyrolysis means to heat a material up to high temperatures at which its molecular structure is thermally cracked. The residues of the heated material are gases and ashes. In modern consumer ovens this method is used to clean the walls of the oven cavity. The cavity is heated up to about 480°C. At this temperature the dirt sticking on the walls is thermally cracked into gases and ashes. The approach of the system described in this paper is to estimate the quantity of dirt to be pyrolysed in the cavity. This is done by using a gas sensor. The sensor measures the concentration of the gaseous residues in the exhaust air of the oven. Evaluation of the sensor signal makes it possible to minimise the energy consumption during the process. Furthermore, the sensor can be used as a safety device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810226417
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  • 26
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    Magnetic field sensing utilizing GMR materials (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 230-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Giant MagnetoResistance (GMR) effect, discovered in France in 1988, has already been applied in magnetic sensors and has promise in other applications. The rapid acceptance of this technology is due to GMR's unique characteristics such as high sensitivity, good temperature stability, and excellent linearity over a wide sensing range. In this article GMR materials are described as are their application in magnetic field sensors. New GMR structures utilizing spin valves and spin dependent tunneling (SDT) will offer even more potential for expanding the horizon of solid state magnetic sensing. Comparisons are made to sensors using conventional technology. Integrated GMR sensors that have signal conditioning and output electronics monolithically integrated with the sensor offer further uses of this new technology. Beyond the sensor itself, other control system functions have the potential for using the same GMR materials to make magnetic isolators and nonvolatile memories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810240592
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  • 27
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    Oxford Sensor Technology - a story of perseverance (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 237-241 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines the development over a period of 27 years of a novel sensor that uses the off-axis rotation of a lens to provide a circular scan of distance data. Applications include weld line tracking, waterjet cutting and many others requiring the measurement of curved and angled surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810240600
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  • 28
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    "Spiral" sensors provide low cost position sensing (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 242-244 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes the development and fabrication of an inductive position sensing system based on low cost printed circuit technology. Applications include rotary, linear and 3D position sensing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810240619
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  • 29
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    A CTFM acoustic spatial sensing technology: its use by blind persons and robots (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 195-202 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A binaural sonar sensor for blind persons which models the bat sonar is described. System performance with field plots are presented along with signal analysis on objects forming targets. The distal spatial resolution is little more than one wavelength at the lowest frequency of 50 kHz. The operating bandwidth is 50 kHz producing the power to discriminate between objects. Distance and direction information is obtained over a field of view of 50 degrees within one frequency sweep. Blind persons have demonstrated mobility akin to sighted mobility. This knowledge is of value in designing robots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910279120
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
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    Recognising leafy plants with in-air sonar (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 202-206 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Continuous Transmission Frequency Modulated (CTFM) ultrasonic sensors can be used to recognise plants. The echo from a plant is modelled as an acoustic density profile. Classification based on features extracted from the echo is more robust than classification based on the echo. Potential applications for this sensing system include landmark navigation and plant sensing for selective spraying of agricultural chemicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910279139
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  • 31
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    A review of the alternating current field measurement inspection technique (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 207-213 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the principles of the a.c. field measurement technique, a non-contacting electromagnetic method of crack detection and sizing in metals. The development of the technique is covered, followed by examples of some of the many different applications the technique has been used for, including multi-sensor arrays for rapid manual inspection or for deployment by robotic manipulator in hazardous environments. Finally, recent work on replacing the normal multi-turn coil magnetic field sensors with newly available GMR sensors is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910279166
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    Real time mobile robot sonar with interference rejection (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 214-221 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new approach to rejecting interference between sonar systems is presented in this paper. The approach is based on identifying a transmitter by sending a double pulse with known separation. Using simple delayed pulse subtraction, a sonar receiver can test echo pulses quickly and simply for acceptance. This approach is implemented on a sonar system that is capable of accurately tracking objects at measurement rates exceeding 10 Hz. Two sonar sensors, each consisting of a transmitter and two receivers, are independently controlled to track objects from bearing and range measurements. Matched filtering is used to optimally estimate echo arrival times from which range and bearing angle are derived. Bearing accuracy is typically better than 0.1 degrees but degrades if there is air turbulence and temperature gradients. Bearing errors are shown experimentally to have significant autocorrelation at times of the order of seconds. The ability to reliably reject interference is demonstrated experimentally by both sensors simultaneously tracking the same plane object.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910279193
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    Online focus control sensor for laser welding offers improved reliability without process intrusion (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 265-267 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A robust and non-intrusive focus control system for laser welding has been developed under a collaboration between GSI Lumonics (Rugby) and Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, as part of the Laser Engineering for Manufacturing Applications Programme (LEMA), funded by EPSRC. It uses the light generated by the process, together with the chromatic aberrations of the focusing optics to determine the focal position of the laser relative to the workpiece. Successful closed loop operation has been demonstrated over a wide range of welding conditions, including different materials and laser powers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910294628
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    Application of SpectraScan tunable diode laser instruments to fugitive emissions (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 278-284 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The advantages of lasers over broad-band light sources for spectroscopic measurements have long been recognized. Laser techniques offer the ability to measure the concentrations of trace species in a gas stream in "real time" with sensitivity and molecular selectivity not possible with broad band spectroscopic techniques. Until recently, the use of laser-based instruments has been largely limited to laboratory or one-of-a-kind devices. However, the increased availability of solid-state tunable diode lasers, recent advancements in fiber optic coupling and advanced signal processing have made it possible to develop instruments that offer customers enabling technology at an affordable price. Spectrum Diagnostix has developed a family of tunable diode laser-based instruments used in a variety of applications including: fugitive release detection of HF and H2S in the refining and petrochemical industries, stack monitoring, and using extractive sample probe, in situ process control. SpectraScan instruments obtain their high sensitivity and chemical selectivity utilizing a technique known as wavelength modulated spectroscopy. Described simply, a near infra-red diode laser's wavelength is scanned rapidly and repeatedly through a molecular absorption line. A photodetector senses the instantaneous fraction of emitted laser power that is transmitted through the chemical bearing gas. Measurement of the relative amplitudes of offline to online transmission yields a precise value of the quantity of chemical along the laser beam's path. The amplitude modulated signals are then detected using established radio receiver and signal processing techniques. The SpectraScan monitors are designed for permanent installation in harsh industrial and petrochemical environments and are approved for Class I, Division 2 hazardous area use. Describes the SpectraScan instruments, their field applications, and reviews operating data compiled from open path measurements of HF in refineries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910296455
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    Nanotechnology update (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 21-22 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Gives a brief description of nanotechnology and outlines variouson-going nanotechnology projects in the UK and USA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510085561
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    Space variant imaging (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 18-20 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines the work of the Interactive Image Based Device for EffectiveCommunication project [IBIDEM] in its aim of developing a video phone usefulfor lip-reading by hearing-impaired people, based on a newgeneration of space-variant sensors and using standard telephone lines.The IBIDEM project is constructing a video phone using a camera with aretina-like sensor, a motorized system for moving the viewpoint of thecamera, as well as a display for the transmitted images which will allow highresolution in the area of interest i.e. lips or figures, whilst stillmaintaining a wide field of view. Experiments have been carried out toevaluate the minimum requirements for the video phone in terms of spatial andtemporal resolution and the technical limitations which have to be taken intoaccount in the design of a visual sensor.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510085552
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    Optimaster robot guidance system (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 23-26 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes a camera-based sensor system used for robot guidancesystems for application in areas such as small-batch parts handling,high-precision assembly and 3D assembly of parts. Outlines theproduction steps performed by robots from parts handling, depalletization,unloading from conveyors, assembly operating and inspection. Explains how thevision system is fully integrated in the robot and looks at its hardware,software and technical specifications. Concludes that the system ismultifunctional and due to its robust construction is suitable for use inhostile industrial environments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004263
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    Honeywell gets smart (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 15-17 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes Honeywell's multi layer fieldbus system Smart DistributedSystem (SDS) and applications in various industries. Discusses benefits suchas increased operating efficiencies and reduced installation costs
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510085543
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    Towards a breakthrough in the detection of contaminants in food products (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 27-28 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines research work [by the Machine Vision Group at Royal Holloway]into an x-ray inspection system able to detect contaminants inpackaged food products. Describes the analysis of a four-stage machinevision structure that includes image formation, pre-processing,feature extraction and decision. The system was tested on various foodproducts and contaminants with the resultant conclusions that thecontamination detection system was adaptive and worked with many types ofproducts and contaminants. Refinements in the final decision making stage arebeing implemented by the use of expert [neural] networks.
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    Smart guns (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 36-37 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines a research project on smart guns: weapons that can only befired by someone recognized as an authorized user. Technologies underresearch include electronic tags and implicit enabling, magnetics,radio-frequency and command disablement and biometrics, usingfingerprints, voice recognition and hand geometry. Concludes thatsmart-gun technology can help prevent the unauthorized use oflaw-enforcement guns. Purely mechanical options could work: thesimplest is building a keyed lock into the gun. Other ideas to be studiedinclude barcodes, implants, acoustics and combinations of devices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510085598
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    Surface finish scatters the light (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 31-35 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines research work into the assessment of light-scatteringtechniques for manufactured surfaces inspection. Describes the three type ofcommercial sensors that have been available so far: glossometers, peakintensity meters and light distribution measuring instruments and how theywork. Describes the laboratory rig supporting equipment and analysismethodologies employed in order that numerous surfaces could be examined andclassified. The outcome was an atlas of typical manufactured surfaces and asmall ruggedized test bed sensor. Concludes that by using this rig and theatlas the whole 3-dimensional light scatter image can be examined toselect the appropriate sensor.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004264
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    Sound, heat and light: photoacoustic and photothermal detection of gases (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 14-16 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes some of the current research into infrared spectroscopic gasdetection, outlining the need to produce a low cost device, whilst fulfillingthe required properties of high reliability, selectivity and sensitivity.Describes and compares the photoacoustic and photothermal methods of gasdetection and states that both methods outperform surface sensitive deviceswith respect to reliability. Concludes that the variety of options—achoice of acoustic decoupling methods and a choice of an optical filter ofevery wavelength required to suit the gas—offers a wide field ofapplication including process control, atmospheric control, environmentalmonitoring and heat, ventilation and air conditioning.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510795923
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    Sun shines on 3-D vision sensor (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 17-20 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes current research work into the design of a 3-D visionsensor for use in the field of robot navigation and autonomous vehicles.Outlines the development of a stereo vision system which uses fast dataprocessing to extract feature points in the stereo images and a new faststereo matching algorithm. Gives results of experiments performed using thissystem and concludes that the applications require fast, self-adaptivealgorithms which can be processed by parallel processors. This was obtainedby means of a special configuration and a highly parallelizable stereo visionprocess based on the declivity feature matched by dynamicprogramming.
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    Policing waterways for hydrocarbons (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 21-23 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes the various sensing techniques that can be employed to monitorhydrocarbons in water, which can be applied to continuous organic monitoringas well as the detection of major chemical spills. Outlines the methods ofanalysing water to measure for total carbons, total organic carbons, volatilechemicals and total oxygen demand and the problems of making effectivemeasurements. Concludes that successful monitoring of hydrocarbons in wateroften requires a tailored approach depending on the characteristics of thesample and the site of the instruments, and therefore close consultation withthe monitoring authorities and the instrument manufacturer areessential.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510795941
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    Blowing in the wind: Atmospheric pollutant monitoring (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 24-27 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes the various systems which have been developed for monitoringgaseous emissions from industrial chimney stacks and flues. Comparesextractive and non-extractive systems and outlines the four main typesof analyzer used in continuous extractive systems. Gives a detaileddescription of the cross-stack method and how it is used to determinecarbon monoxide concentration in a typical process gas flue. Concludes thatcross stack analyzers can be used to measure a variety of gases and that theadaptability and low maintenance requirements of this technology make itsuitable for monitoring a comprehensive range of gaseouspollutants.
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    The world's first automated laboratory comes on line (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 28-30 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reports on the opening, in May 1995, of North West Water's new watertesting laboratory in Warrington. It is the first automated laboratory in theworld, with 85 per cent of the company's water tests involving the use of robots andproviding 24 hrs a day, 365 days a year production line testing. Usesstandard industrial systems and robots and which have been customized tocarry out more than 60 water sampling tests. Outlines the sampling procedurefrom collection through analysis to storage of the test results on a centralcomputer.
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    Intelligent sensors: structure and system (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 31-35 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines the current research work on intelligent sensors andintelligent transducers which will be required in complex systems. Discussesthe elements of an intelligent sensor and concludes that these requireanalogue filtering, data conversion and compensation, and a digitalcommunication link to a common signal bus. Explains what is meant by asystems approach to intelligent sensors with layered information processing.Concludes that unless a deeper understanding of the basics of sensor systemsis acquired new intelligent sensor design will be very difficult.
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    Flowmeter review (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 11-14 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines the four main types of flow metering technology and theirvarious applications, covering electromagnetic flowmeters, coriolis massflowmeters, vortex flowmeters and ultrasonic flowmeters. Looks at the futureof flowmeters with regard to quality control standards, signal converters andserial communication. Concludes that since the basic problems surroundingflow measurements have been solved there will be no quantum leap in flowmetertechnology, however the four basic flowmeter measuring techniques will begradually developed and the level of intelligence in each unit will befurther enhanced.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510102318
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    High speed print registration and colour quality control (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 10-13 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Changes in the consumer market have resulted in many companiesallocating considerable resources to their logos and trademarks with asubsequent need for high quality product packaging. Looks at design workundertaken for a system for quality control of printing images on packagingmaterials. Discusses the need to integrate the print process within the boxmaking machine and the challenge of designing print machinery that canutilise environmentally friendly recycled paper. It looks at the problems ofsensing and data acquisition from high through put machines and describes thetwo main aspects of print quality -colour quality and printregistration and the methods of gathering this information. Concludes that amechatronic approach is required for quality control of print images onpackaging materials with an end product comprising sensors, machine vision,microprocessors and ultimately machine control and actuation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510795914
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    Neural network applications in multisensor systems (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 15-18 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reviews the suitability of different neural network architectures foruse with typical multisensor systems required by their increasing use incomplex engineering applications. Outlines the learning mechanisms that arerequired [to generate the transformation between the data at the input andthe corresponding output] involving back-propagation networks andself-organising map networks. Looks at the three main problem areas ofclassification, quantification and descriptions and uses the case study of anelectronic nose as a system which encounters each of these problems.Concludes that the combination of artificial neural networking tools withmutisensors is becoming more widely accepted and defines the need for theinvestigation of alternative supervised and unsupervised architecture if thetrue potential of multisensor systems is to be realized.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510147698
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    From basic sensors to intelligent sensors: Definitions and examples (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 19-22 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes the improvements that smart sensors will bring to electronicmeasurement and control systems, and the advantages of using integratedsensors. Outlines the problems encountered when designing integratingelectronics for use on a smart sensor chip and lists the major functions thatsmart sensors must perform. Concludes that the solution to many real lifesensor problems will only be found when a well designed "care-free"intelligent sensor can be produced and continues that the way to realize thisconcept is to combine a sensor device with a number of micro-electroniccomponents into a single sensor package.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510102327
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    Machine vision in experimental poultry inspection (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 23-24 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes experimental work in using machine vision for inspection andgrading in the poultry industry. Outlines the main features of human poultryinspection and grading by size, colour and conditions and describes howneural networks can detect various defects in the poultry [such as bruising,cuts and broken bones]. Explains the development of neural nets, the use ofprocessing elements and HSI histograms for image analysis. Describes textureanalysis and the use of two dimensional Gabor filters. Concludes that neuralnets appear to be a good tool for detecting poultry defects but further workis needed to develop more specific input.
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    How to measure temperature a practical guide on temperature measurement in the power generation industry (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 28-30 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A guide to the various technologies available for measuring andmonitoring temperature in the power generation industry. Outlines theparameters to be considered when choosing a measurement system: budgets,location, operating environment. Describes the various technologies ofthermocouples, resistance thermometers, infrared thermometry andfibre-optic temperature sensors and discusses the applications forwhich each is best suited.
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    Vibrating structure gyroscopes (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 14-17 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Research and development of solid state gyroscopes has been, for a long time, ongoing within British Aerospace (Systems & Equipment) Ltd, (BASE). BASE, in order to be a leader in the supply of gyroscopes, has continued to research and develop new products. Future developments point to solid state devices supporting conventional gyroscopes.
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    Total valve management—The key to better process plant operations (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 15 (1995), S. 25-27 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Looks at a system for diagnosing valve performance which works bymeasuring or inferring dynamic parameters such as valve travel, friction,seat load, seat contact and supply pressure by using sensors attached to thevalve instrumentation. The system, which can be used in a factory or to takento a valve on site, interprets the results and stores the test data. Givesapplication examples in the fertiliser and paper industries and continuesthat the next step will to embed diagnostics within the valve instrumentationitself. Concludes that the concept of "total valve management" in reducingcosts helping plants operate more effectively will become increasinglyimportant to manufacturers in coming years.
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    From micro- to nano-machining - towards the nanometre era (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 4-10 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Manufacturing industry worldwide is at a turning point in seeking greater competitiveness. High precision manufacturing offers better quality and reliability for conventional products, but also makes possible entirely new products, especially where mechatronics, miniaturization and high performance are important. Describes the main ultra precision machining processes and illustrates how cutting and grinding have been stretched into the nanotechnology regime, especially for advanced ceramics, glasses and opto-electronic materials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610115557
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    Fabrication technology for microengineering (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 16-22 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reviews some of the more important technologies used for fabricating microcomponents and systems - bulk silicon micromachining, surface micromachining and LIGA, a process for forming deep microstructures by lithography, electroforming and moulding. Discusses the relative merits of using synchroton, electron beam and excimer laser irradiation. Gives a comb actuator and an electrostatic motor as examples of micromachined components.
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    Resonance: picking up good vibrations (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 23-27 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Resonant sensing is a high performance technique suitable for a wide range of applications. Defines the principles of resonant sensing and describes the various fabrication techniques. Details resonant sensor performance and finally gives examples of resonant sensors in use today.
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    München: pH and SAW (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 28-31 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Surveys the research being carried out in the field of chemical and biosensor technology by the network of Fraunhofer Institutes in Germany. Specifically looks at pH monitoring in chemical sensing; immunosensors in viral disease diagnosis; and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices in delay lines and filters.
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    Intelligent structures (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 32-37 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reviews intelligent structures through surface- and bulk-micromachining. Examines the merits of these techniques and their past, present and future applications to real-life problems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610115593
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    Sensor research at the French Atomic Energy Commission (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 38-40 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Highlights some of the projects being carried out by the Leti, a laboratory within the French Atomic Energy Commission. Specifically looks at the development of a miniature sensor to detect methane in coal mines; pressure sensors in the automotive industry; the development of a miniature sensor which triggers airbag inflation in vehicles; and a sensor to measure pressure at high temperatures for use within the aeronautics industry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610115601
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    Intelligent cameras (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 4-5 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Argues that while vision sensors have become increasingly popular in a variety of industrial application areas, typical machine vision systems have, until now, been unnecessarily bulky and costly. Points out that these problems have now been redressed by the emergence of the "intelligent", or "smart camera". Outlines the advantages of this new technology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610123495
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    Laser and electro-optic based sensors (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 12-15 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Looks at complex applications for lasers, optics and electro-optics, including use in areas such as inspection and measurement. Features ESPI (electronic speckle pattern interferometry) systems and their use in the automotive industry and presents a case study involving specialist systems used in areas such as measuring print rollers and inspecting engine cylinder walls. Touches on other new techniques in the field such as chemical imaging and the recent use of Doppler vibrometry to quantify pure bending vibrations in rotating components.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610123503
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    Creating the right image (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 16-21 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Explains the implications of available options in solid state imaging sensors. Focuses on features of different types of imaging sensor, citing the most general division between types as being between area scan and line scan. Looks in some depth at these two types of sensor and goes on to consider factors such as asynchronous triggering, the separation of exposure and readout time and the maintenance of spatial digitization. Provides a list of supplier addresses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610123512
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    Industrial infrared sensors (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 22-25 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Looks at the use of infrared sensors, noting that they fall into the two basic groups of quantum and thermal devices. Focuses on quantum devices and their further subdivision into photoconductive and photovoltaic types. Notes that thermal devices also fall into two categories: those relying on the Seebeck effect, and those known as ferroelectrics. Looks at the use of ferroelectric materials in pyrometry. Concludes by noting the advantages of some of the various types of system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610123521
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    Ultrasonic sensors and arc welding - a noisy mix (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 26-32 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Evaluates the applicability of ultrasonic sensors in a welding environment and reports on experimental measurements carried out with a sensory head containing ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies. Analyses the effects on the sensors of factors such as noise, temperature and shielding gas flow and concludes by suggesting appropriate protective measures for the sensors for them to operate effectively in a welding environment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610123530
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    Non-contact optical displacement sensing (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 33-37 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Looks at the use of non-contact displacement and vibration sensors and notes their value for difficult sensing measurements. Mentions various situations which may dictate the use of a non-contact sensor. Focuses on fibre-optic sensors and laser triangulation sensors. Concludes that practical uses for such devices are rapidly expanding.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610123549
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    Methane and carbon dioxide detection using LED sources (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 38-41 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Notes the advantages of the use of LED sources in the detection of flammable gases, suggesting they contribute towards factors such as high sensitivity and low power consumption. Focuses on two detection techniques: the gas correlation optical system and the filtered gas detection technique. Looks at the operation of LED sources in relation to these techniques and the development of 3.3 and 4.3 micron LED sources. Notes the results of tests on such LED sources, asserting the feasibility of a low power consumption, LED-based detection system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610123558
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    Developments in RFID (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 4-5 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Examines the increasing use of radio frequency identification (RFID) owing to the falling prices of transponders and other equipment. Briefly describes the current situation of the RFID industry and outlines some of its applications. Concludes by asking where the industry is heading and predicting a bright future.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610130947
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    Vision arrives at Manufacturing Week (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 33-37 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reviews vision systems exhibited at the Manufacturing Week Exhibition held in the NEC, Birmingham. Highlights systems that exemplify the trend towards standardized off-the-shelf units, and the increasing use of PC-based hardware and software running in Microsoft Windows. Grey-scale image processing is becoming more widespread and replacing binary blob analysis techniques. This makes the systems more resilient to ambient conditions and increases the hardiness for industrial application. Gives examples of some of the applications of these systems.
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    Application of wavelets in Doppler ultrasound (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 38-45 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Provides an introduction into wavelets and illustrates their application with two examples. The wavelet transform provides the analyst with a scaleable time-frequency representation of the signal, which may uncover details not evidenced by conventional signal processing techniques. The signals used in this paper are Doppler ultrasound recordings of blood flow velocity taken from the internal carotid artery and the femoral artery. Shows how wavelets can be used as an alternative signal processing tool to the short time Fourier transform for the extraction of the time-frequency distribution of Doppler ultrasound signals. Implements wavelet-based adaptive filtering for the extraction of maximum blood velocity envelopes in the post processing of Doppler signals.
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    An introduction to time-frequency signal analysis (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 46-53 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Provides an introduction to the field of time-frequency analysis by reviewing four important and popular used time-frequency analysis methods with focus on the principles and implementation. The basic idea of time-frequency analysis is to understand and describe situations where the frequency content of a signal is changing in time. Although time-frequency analysis had its origin almost 50 years ago, significant advances have occurred in the past 15 years or so. Recently, the time-frequency representation has received considerable attention as a powerful tool for analysing a variety of signals and systems.
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    Fully digital alias-free processing of sensor signals in a substantially enlarged frequency range (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 54-63 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Addresses the problem of full digital processing of sensor signals at frequencies in the microwave and radio frequency range. Discusses advantages and drawbacks of the emerging digital alias-free signal processing technology considering it as a new DSP tool prospective for achieving a breakthrough in DSP theory and techniques leading to a stepwise enlarging of the DSP application frequency range.
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    Intelligent sensors (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 97-98 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Discusses the concept of intelligent sensors and presents a definition of the term. Provides examples of the benefits of using the intelligent sensor approach. Suggests possibilities for future use of intelligent sensors.
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    Neural networks: friends or foes? (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 64-70 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There has been enormous interest over the past decade in the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for data processing applications. By and large, this interest has been well-founded. ANNs, however, offer no panacea to the data analyst. They are as prone to misuse as any other method and the details of their functioning are often clouded in mystique. This has made a firm understanding of their functioning difficult. Presents a brief introduction to the most widely applied class of ANN, the feed-forward network. Gives an overview of its functioning for both classification and regression problems.
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    Exciting times for DSP (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 5 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reviews the impact of digital signal processing (DSP) on our everyday lives, and the potential for further development.
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    Intelligent biosensors (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 107-116 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Discusses intelligent materials, intelligent material-based sensors, their transducing methods, and different kinds of transducers used with smart material-based sensors. Assumes that the future of intelligent sensors will almost totally depend on intelligent chemistry and intelligent instrumentation. Molecular recognition will widen the horizons of smart systems with the help of VLSI-based design and fabrication. Discusses different sensor mechanisms, such as ENFETs, immunoFETs, ISFETs and chemFETs and takes a detailed look at potentiometric, amperometric and optical biosensors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710170276
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    TESPAR paves the way for smart sensors (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 131-137 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Suggests that classical Fourier-based methods are proving inadequate for the smart sensor concept. Presents a new approach labelled TESPAR (time encoded signal processing and recognition). Explains the nature of the process and outlines its performance advantages over conventional Fourier-based methods.
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    Racecar ride-height sensing (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 121-125 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Ride-height, perhaps more than any other single variable of racecar set-up, has a critical effect on the performance of modern flat-bottom and ground-effect single-seaters. It is also a difficult thing to measure - unless, of course, the car is stationary. Precise and reliable measurement of dynamic ride-heights has become something of a Holy Grail for those in the data acquisition business, but recent developments from Pi Research have shown that, unlike the mythical goblet, this is not an unattainable goal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710795994
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    Food sensory evaluation employing artificial neural networks (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 150-158 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Introduces a method of food sensory evaluation employing artificial neural networks. The process of food sensory evaluation can be viewed as a multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) system in which food composition serves as the input and human food evaluation as the output. It has proved to be very difficult to establish a mathematical model of this system; however, a series of samples have been obtained through experiments, each of which comprises input and output data. On the basis of these sample data, applies the back-propagation algorithm (BP algorithm) to "train" a three-layer feed-forward network. The result is a neural network that can successfully imitate the food sensory evaluation of the evaluation panel. This method can also be applied in other fields such as food composition optimizing, new product development and market evaluation and investigation.
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    Control networks: the impact on industry (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 192-193 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlines a short history of controller networks (also known as fieldbuses) and their current effects on the control and automation industries.
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    Tyre pressure measurement using smart low power microsystems (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 126-130 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes the progress made to date in testing and developing a system to monitor the environment within a commercial vehicle's tyre - its temperature and pressure - by means of a radio link to a single central receiver inside the vehicle. Discusses the economic and safety implications of maintaining the correct pressure in vehicle tyres and reports that reactions from commercial vehicle suppliers have been positive.
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    Smart sensors for industrial applications (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 217-222 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Gives a short history of "smart" in relation to the field of instrumentation. Defines the boundaries and suggests that a smart component should incorporate some combination of the elements of an application system which includes some element of control, computation or decision making. It should also enhance the functionality, performance or exit of the end system. Presents a number of examples of smart functionality and smart components and concludes that suppliers of sensors and actuators will take a leading role in the smart revolution.
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    Making sense of the environment (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 281-282 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Sensors, and in particular biosensors, appear ideally suited to environmental monitoring, but commercial success to date has been limited. Momentum is gathering, however, and new products will emerge, although on a longer time scale than first predicted.
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    Advanced sensors for environmental monitoring in fossil-fired power plant (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 311-315 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: States that power stations have utilized automation to achieve effective and acceptable environmental levels in the operation of power stations. Lists the advantages to be gained from environmental monitoring and gives an overview of established dust and smoke sensor techniques. States the four basic methods which can be used to measure the concentration of gaseous species in a combustion gas and reviews gas measuring techniques under development.
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    From imaging to knowledge (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 23-25 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article summarises some of the presentations at a recent conference on the emerging technology of intelligent imaging.
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    Optical pressure and temperature sensors for aerospace applications (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 32-38 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper gives a brief overview of requirements within the aerospace market sector for which optical sensors are of potential benefit, and goes on to describe sensors currently under development at Lucas Electrical and Electronic Systems which are primarily intended to meet some of these requirements. These sensors, based on the combination of silicon micromachining and optical sensing technologies, are sufficiently robust to provide the capability of directly measuring on-engine parameters such as pressure and temperature. In association with FADEC-mounted interface units, to which the sensor heads are coupled via optical fibre links, the sensors have the potential to provide measurement data for a number of aero-engine control requirements.
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    Optical fibre Bragg gratings: a new sensor multiplexing tool (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 39-43 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Optical fibre multiplexed sensors are used to make measurements at multiple, discrete locations, usually by sending optical signals between each measurement location and a conveniently positioned optical interrogation instrument. It is rapidly becoming practical to construct multiplexed optical fibre sensor arrays based on in-fibre Bragg gratings. A Bragg grating can be produced in an optical fibre by writing a periodic variation in the refractive index of the fibre's core along the axis, using ultra-violet light. Multiplexing applications will appear ranging from the small scale, with only a few sensors, up to very large scales with hundreds of sensors.
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    Vision applications emerge at Manufacturing Week (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 88-91 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A report on some industrial applications of vision systems at the Manufacturing Week exhibition. Describes installations of one type of system at a disk drive manufacturer and at an electricity meter manufacturer, in which both inspect for the presence of components critical to the performance of the two products. Another system highlighted is for measuring sheet metal stampings at high speeds. Also, new products reviewed at the show include a completely digital machine vision measuring system; a PCB inspection system and a video camera-based measuring machine.
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    The application of reverse engineering in rapid product development (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 115-120 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The process of capturing object form through surface data sampling and generating a CAD model of the part is termed reverse engineering because the process is the opposite of the normal design and manufacturing sequence. In the context of general manufacturing methods, reverse engineering is an important process for instances where a product initially exists as a designer's model in a medium such as styling foam or modelling clay. The digitisation process can be achieved through spatial measurements taken manually by a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM). However, 3D computer vision systems are now being applied to the reverse engineering task owing to their ability to rapidly digitise the more intricate and free-form surface patches that are common in many modern consumer items. New modelling software reduces the large number of data points into a more manageable number which can be translated into CAD drawings. The CAD drawings permit generation of CNC machine tool cutter paths or production of stereolithography "masters".
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    A stereovision system for underwater, remotely operated vehicles (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 121-128 
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    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the paper, "TV-trackmeter", a stereoscopic measuring system developed by Tecnomare, is presented, some recent innovations and upgrading are described, and its reliable use in hostile environments proved. The latest release of the device implements highlighted featuring capabilities such as 3D measuring, automatic mapping, false colour depth-maps, geometric modelling, multi-point tracking, recording/retrieving of stereo pair images, and use of new and more powerful hardware. A theoretical introduction to the operating mode of a stereoscopic device, followed by an error propagation analysis is included. A brief description is also given of the accuracy of the device, i.e. pose detection (position and attitude estimation) of the scene objects. An evaluation of the tracking speed capability is provided. Some examples are shown of trials carried out within a nuclear power plant and underwater. Two further applications for this system are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810210009
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  • 92
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    C & I pins hopes on 1999 (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There was quite a high degree of product and process innovation at this year's Control & Instrumentation Exhibition at the NEC, Birmingham, and exhibitors reported a better level of serious enquiries than last year, which could lead to future business. However, the three days of the exhibition were quiet, with fewer visitors than in the recent past. Possibly the location of the exhibition in Hall 6, some distance from the main exhibition area, meant that only visitors hoping to do business made their way there.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810226372
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing bench for laser triangulation sensors (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Laser triangulation is a very efficient non-contact point-measurement procedure, very similar to a mechanical gauge, but much faster. However, the special characteristics of the laser triangulation sensor (LTS) must be taken into account for its use. The correct selection of sensor and test-equipment verification, complying with norm ISO 9001, can be facilitated or implemented with the test-bench for LTS, developed in the quality and production measurement technology laboratory of the Neu-Technikum Buchs, Switzerland. A wide range of LTSs has been collated in a market analysis; differences of performance have been determined in a widespread comparison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810226408
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Achieving greater efficiency in NDT inspections (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 19 (1999), S. 268-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes the application of an ultrasonic sensing system for the non-destructive inspection of welds as an alternative to X-rays. Replacing radiography with ultrasound not only allows faster, more economical inspections but also eliminates the health and safety risks associated with radiography. In practical terms that means there is no need to evacuate the site for inspection purposes - construction work can continue, round the clock if necessary, thus dramatically reducing construction times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910294646
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractals (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 16 (1996), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Since the term was first coined in 1977, fractals seem to have pervaded every branch of science. Attempts to explain what fractals are and what they are being used for. Are they a fad or are they really useful? Considers factors including quantitative measurement, image compression and computer graphics. Concludes that the future will see an increase in the use of fractal graphics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289610123567
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multi-axis force and torque sensing (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Discusses the measurement of complex force and torque loads with strain-gauge based sensors for both industrial and research environments. Cites applications that will find this type of load sensing invaluable. Focuses on silicon strain-gauge based sensors that can withstand high overloads without damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710170285
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Design of integrated systems for the control and detection of actuator/sensor faults (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 138-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Considers control systems operating under potentially faulty conditions. Discusses the problem of designing a single unit which not only handles the required control action but also identifies faults occurring in actuators and sensors. In common practice, units for control and for diagnosis are designed separately. Attempts to identify situations in which this is a reasonable approach and cases in which the design of each unit should take the other into consideration. Presents a complete characterization for each case and gives systematic design procedures for both the integrated and non-integrated design of control and diagnosis units. Shows how a combined module for control and diagnosis can be designed which is able to follow references and reject disturbances robustly, control the system so that undetected faults do not have disastrous effects, reduce the number of false alarms and identify which faults have occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710170311
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fieldbus review (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 204-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Discusses the main concepts of fieldbuses, describes various standards that have been adopted and analyses their various merits. Provides contact details for the different standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710172319
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensor gateway to fieldbuses (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Describes the modularity and flexibility of the WAGO I/O systems allowing connectivity of sensors and actuators to PLCs and PCs via the major fieldbus systems, and concludes that a modular approach leads to a greater saving in installed costs, installation and commissioning times for factory automation projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710172328
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
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    Renishaw automate programming and machining to micron accuracy (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 17 (1997), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Renishaw, manufacturers of touch-trigger probes and other metrology products, has eliminated the use of design drawings. CNC part programs are generated automatically and all CNC milling and turning work is produced on RAMTIC (Renishaw Automated Milling Turning and Inspection Centre), a line of machines operating continuously to tolerances down to 6µm without any post-process inspection. Mark Buckingham, manufacturing development manager in the Metrology Division, explained the developments to Jack Hollingum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710172355
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