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  • Articles  (108)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin E content of different animal products: Influence of animal nutrition (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Vitamin E ; Fleisch ; Fettgewebe ; Leber ; Eigelb ; Vitamin E ; meat ; adipose tissue ; liver ; egg yolk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The α-tocopherol content of different meat cuts was examined. Chicken thigh had the highest vitamin E content, followed by chicken breast and pork shoulder (p〈0.05). The lowest concentrations were found in longissimus dorsi muscle from pork, beef, veal and in beef shoulder. Considering the average daily lean meat consumption (105 g) in Switzerland, recommendation for daily vitamin E intake was met to 3 %. Supplementation of 200 mg α-tocopherol acetate/kg feed to pigs and laying hens significantly increased the α-tocopherol content in all examined products. The α-tocopherol accumulation differed according to the following ranking: egg yolk 〉 liver 〉 adipose tissue 〉 musculus longissimus dorsi. The α-tocopherol:energy ratios were 28.8, 7.3, 0.9 and 1.2 mg/MJ for egg yolk, liver, adipose tissue and longissimus dorsi muscle of the vitamin E supplemented groups, respectively. The results showed that meat, with the exception of chicken thigh, is not an important supplier of vitamin E, not even from animals fed a vitamin E enriched diet. Egg yolk became a good source of vitamin E for human nutrition by dietary modification.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der α-Tocopherolgehalt verschiedener Fleischstücke untersucht. Hähnchenschenkel hatte den höchsten α-Tocopherolgehalt, gefolgt von Hähnchenbrust und Schweineschulter (p〈0.05). Die niedrigsten Konzentrationen wurden im Musculus longissimus dorsi vom Schwein, Rind, Kalb und in der Rindsschulter nachgewiesen. Mit dem durchschnittlichen, täglichen Verzehr an magerem Fleisch (105 g) in der Schweiz wurden die Empfehlungen für die tägliche Vitamin E-Zufuhr zu 3 % gedeckt. Die Supplementierung des Schweine- und Legehennenfutters mit 200 mg α-Tocopherolacetat/kg führte zu einem signifikanten Anstieg des α-Tocopherolgehaltes in allen untersuchten Produkten. Die α-Tocopherolakkumulierung unterschied sich gemäß folgender Rangordnung: Eigelb 〉 Leber 〉 Fettgewebe 〉Musculus longissimus dorsi. Die Nährstoffdichten betrugen 28.8, 7.3, 0.9 und 1.2 mg α-Tocopherol/MJ für Eigelb, Leber, Fettgewebe und Musculus longissimus dorsi der jeweiligen mit Vitamin E supplementierten Gruppe. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Fleisch, mit Ausnahme des Hähnchenschenkels, von Tieren mit supplementierten Diäten kein bedeutender Vitamin E-Lieferant ist. Hingegen wurde Eigelb durch fütterungsbedingte Modifikation zu einer guten Vitamin E-Quelle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01618896
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in membrane ion transport between hepatocytes from the periportal and the pericentral areas of the liver lobule (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 554-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ion transport ; hepatocytes ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the Na+/K+ pump, Na+/K+ ATPase activity, and oxygen consumption (QO2) in hepatocytes isolated from the periportal (PH) and pericentral (CH) regions of the liver lobule, to provide an insight into the functional properties of these cells. Na+/K+ pump activity was determined using86Rb+ (a functional analog of K+) and ouabain, a specific inhibitor of this transport system. Our results indicate the the Na+/K+, pump and Na+/K+ ATPase activity are significantly lower in CH than in PH, although basal ouabain-sensitive (OS) QO2 was negligible in both of these cell preparations. However, OSQO2 was significantly lower in CH than in PH when the Na+/K+ pump was activated using the ionophore nystatin in a Na+-containing medium. These results indicate that the differences in membrane ion transport exist between hepatocytes from different locations of the liver lobule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969727
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of female sex hormones on polyamine-oxidizing enzyme activities and polyamine concentrations in immature rat uterus and liver (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 795-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Estradiol ; progesterone ; polyamine oxidase ; diamine oxidase ; polyamines ; uterus ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) treatment of immature female rats (10 μg/100 g body weight) respectively resulted in 1.38-fold (p〈0.02) and 1.42-fold (p〈0.02) increase in the uterine polyamine oxidase activity, and 2.45-fold (p〈0.001) and 1.43-fold (p〈0.02) increase in the uterine diamine oxidase activity, as compared to the controls. E2 caused a 5-fold (p〈0.05) and a 1.36-fold (p〈0.05) increase in putrescine and spermidine concentration respectively in rat uterus. Increases of 1.7-fold (p〈0.02) and 1.6-fold (p〈0.05) in putrescine and spermine concentration were determined in the P-treated uterus, as compared to the controls. The spermidine/spermine ratio, which is regarded as an index of growth rate, was higher in the E2-treated uterus and lower in the P-treated uterus than in the control uterus. No statistically significant hormonal effects were estimated in the immature liver. The data reported suggest the possibility of an involvement of polyamine-oxidizing enzymes in the modulation of polyamine concentrations in rat uterus by the female sex hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923991
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of graded ascorbic acid intake on the activity of GSH-Px in the liver of female guinea pigs (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 34 (1995), S. 220-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Ascorbic acid ; glutathioneperoxidase ; lipid peroxides ; liver ; Ascorbinsäure ; Glutathion-Peroxidase ; Lipidperoxiden ; Leber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Werte an antioxidativem Potential, erzeugt mit Hilfe verschiedener Konzentrationsstufen an Ascorbinsäure (1, 10, 100 mg/Tier/Tag) führten zu Veränderungen in der GSH-Px Aktivität und der Menge den Lipidperoxiden in der Leber von Meerschweinchen. Die Gruppe mit der kleinsten Dosierung (1 mg) von Ascorbinsäure hatte die niedrigste GSH-Px Aktivität und den höchsten Anteil an Lipidperoxiden. Die zwei anderen Gruppen zeigten eine Erhöhung der GSH-Px Aktivität und Senkung von Lipidperoxiden auf. Es bestand kein Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen mit der Dosis von 10 und 100 mg Ascorbinsäure.
    Notes: Summary Differing antioxidant potentials created by graded ascorbic acid supplementation (1, 10, 100 mg per animal daily) evoked changes in the level of glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxides in the liver of female guinea pigs. The group with the lowest ascorbic acid intake (1 mg) had the lowest activity of glutathione peroxidase and the highest level of lipid peroxides. The two other groups (10 and 100 mg) showed enhancement of glutathione peroxidase activity and decline in lipid peroxides. There was no difference between the groups with 10 and 100 mg ascorbic acid intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623161
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum Einfluß einer unterschiedlichen Riboflavinversorgung während der Laktation auf den Riboflavingehalt von Milch, Leber und Restkörper laktierender Ratten (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 176-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Riboflavin ; Milch ; Leber ; Restkörper ; Laktation ; Ratte ; Riboflavin ; milk ; liver ; carcass ; lactation ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The present study investigated the effect of various dietary riboflavin supplementations (0 to 4 000 mg/kg) during lactation on riboflavin concentrations of liver, carcass (bled body without intestine and liver), and milk in the rat. The experiment was conducted until the 14th day of lactation; milk samples were drawn on the 7th and 13th day of lactation. Riboflavin concentrations of milk raised continuously with increasing riboflavin supplementation; in the range between 0 and 10 mg/kg riboflavin supplementation, there was a linear relationship, and in the range between 12 and 4 000 mg/kg there was a logarithmic relationship between riboflavin supplementation and riboflavin concentration in the milk. Maximum riboflavin concentration of milk obtained by supplementation with 4 000 mg/kg was twelve-fold higher than without riboflavin supplementation. For riboflavin supplementation up to 12 mg/kg, riboflavin concentrations in milk on the 7th day of lactation and that on the 13th day of lactation were not different. In contrast, in rats fed diets with higher riboflavin supplementation, riboflavin concentrations were higher by 25 % in average in milk on the 13th day of lactation than in milk on the 7th day of lactation. Contrary to the milk, riboflavin concentrations in liver and carcass exhibited a saturation, which was achieved at a supplementation of 6 mg/kg (liver) and 10 mg/kg (carcass), respectively. Maximum riboflavin concentrations obtained at a supplementation of 4 000 mg/kg were 1.9- and 2.3-fold higher for liver and carcass, respectively, than concentrations obtained without riboflavin supplementation. The dose-response relationship using riboflavin concentrations of liver and carcass as response factors indicates a riboflavin requirement of 8 to 9 mg/kg for lactating rats fed a semisynthetic diet with 17.4 MJ ME/kg dry matter and 20.8 % protein in dry matter.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Riboflavinzulagen zum Futter (0 bis 4 000 mg/kg) während der Laktation auf die Riboflavinkonzentrationen in Leber, Restkörper (ausgebluteter Gesamtkörper ohne Magen-Darm-Trakt und Leber) und Milch von Ratten untersucht. Der Versuch dauerte bis zum 14. Laktationstag; Milchproben wurden am 7. und am 13. Laktationstag gewonnen. Die Riboflavinkonzentration der Milch erhöhte sich mit steigender Zulage stetig, wobei im Bereich zwischen 0 und 10 mg Riboflavinzulage/kg Futter eine lineare und im Bereich zwischen 12 und 4 000 mg/kg eine logarithmische Funktion vorlag. Die maximale Riboflavinkonzentration in der Milch bei einer Zulage von 4 000 mg/kg war dabei etwa zwölfmal so hoch wie bei fehlender Zulage. Bei Riboflavinzulagen bis 12 mg/kg unterschieden sich die Riboflavinkonzentrationen der Milch am 7. und 13. Laktationstag nicht. Bei den höheren Zulagen waren die Konzentrationen der Milch am 13. Laktationstag im Mittel um 25 % höher als am 7. Laktationstag. Im Gegensatz zur Milch zeigte sich in Leber und Restkörper eine Sättigung der Riboflavinkonzentrationen, die bei einer Riboflavinzulage von 6 mg/kg (Leber) bzw. 10 mg/kg (Restkörper) erreicht war. Die maximalen Riboflavinkonzentrationen bei Zulagen von 4 000 mg/kg waren dabei 1,9 (Leber) bzw. 2,3 (Restkörper) mal so hoch wie bei fehlender Riboflavinzulage. Diese Befunde sprechen für eine ausgeprägte homöostatische Kontrolle der Riboflavinkonzentrationen im Organismus. Anhand von Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehungen mit den Riboflavinkonzentrationen in Leber und Restkörper als Wirkungskriterien leitete sich bei Verwendung des halbsynthetischen Futters (17,4 MJ ME/kg Trockenmasse (T), 20,8 % Rohprotein in T) ein Riboflavinbedarf von 8 bis 9 mg/kg Futter für die laktierende Ratte ab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611397
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of environmental temperature on in vivo energy expenditure and in vitro ouabain-sensitive respiration in duodenal mucosa and liver in rats fed different levels of dietary fibre or protein (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 278-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Environmental temperature ; energy expenditure ; ouabain-sensitive respiration ; duodenal mucosa ; liver ; rats ; Umgebungstemperatur ; Energieumsatz ; Quabain-sensitive Respiration ; Duodenalmukosa ; Leber ; Ratten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung der Umgebungstemperatur (18°C oder 28°C) und des Fasergehalts in der Diät (g je kg Trockensubstanz (TS) niedrig - 68, mittel - 110, hoch - 157) oder des Proteingehalts (g je kg TS niedrig - 91, mittel- 171, hoch - 262) auf den Verdauungstrakt, die Darmmasse, den Energieumsatz und auf die mit der Na+, K+-ATPase-Aktivität zusammenhängenden Respiration von Duodenalmukosa und Leber wurde bei 72 Wistar-Ratten in wiederholten Experimenten untersucht. Der Gesamte und Quabain-sensitive (ein Maß der Na+, K+-ATPase Aktivität) O2-Verbrauch der Gewebe wurde in vitro polarographisch ermittelt (YSI-biologische Sauerstoff-Erfassung nach dem Clark-Meßprinzip). Die Wärmeproduktion (WP) intakter Tiere wurde über Respirationskammern mit offenem Gasaustausch erfaßt. Die bei 18°C gehaltenen Ratten wiesen im Vergleich zu 28°C eine höhere Darmmasse auf. Die Masse an leerem Dünndarm, Caecum und Colon stieg mit ansteigendem Fasergehalt in der Diät (P〈0.05). Die WP als Korrelat der umsetzbaren Energie war nur im 1. Experiment höher (P〈0.05) bei 18°C als bei 28°C. Bei niedriger Proteinstufe war die WP signifikant höher (P 0.05) als bei den anderen Stufen. Verglichen mit 28°C erzeugte 18°C einen ansteigenden Gesamt- und Quabain-sensitiven O2-Verbrauch in der Duodenalmukosa. Die Leber reagierte nicht auf Temperaturunterschiede. Jedoch war ihr Quabain-sensitiver O2-Verbrauch bei niedrigem Proteingehalt in der Nahrung höher (P〈0.05) als bei den anderen Varianten. Bei niedrigem Fasergehalt war der gesamte und Quabain-sensitive O2-Verbrauch der Duodenalmukosa höher als bei den anderen Fasergehaltsvarianten. Die In-vitro-Ergebnisse stimmten mit der WP und dem O2-Verbrauch intakter Tiere überein.
    Notes: Summary Seventy two Wistar rats were used in two repeat studies to investigate the effect of environmental temperature (18°C or 28°C) and increasing levels of dietary fibre (low, 68 g/kg DM; medium 110 g/kg DM; high, 157 g/kg DM) or protein (low, 91 g/kg DM; medium, 171 g/kg DM; high, 262 g/kg DM) on digestive tract, visceral organ size, energy metabolism, and respiration attributable to Na+,K+-ATPase activity in duodenal mucosa and liver. Total and ouabain-sensitive (a measure of Na+,K+-ATPase activity) O2 consumptionin vitro of tissues were measured polarographically using a Clark-style YSI biological O2 monitor. Whole body heat production (in vivo) was measured using open-circuit respiration chambers. The weight of the visceral organs was higher in rats housed at 18°C than at 28°C. The empty weight of the small intestine, caecum, and colon increased as the level of dietary fibre increased (P 0.05). Heat production as a proportion of metabolizable energy was higher (P〈0.05) at 18°C than at 28°C in the first experiment but this difference was not significant in the second experiment. Rats fed the low protein diet had significantly higher (P〉0.05) heat production than those fed medium or high protein diets. Compared to 28°C, environmental temperature of 18°C caused an increased total and ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption in duodenal mucosa. There was no significant effect of environmental temperature on total and ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption in the liver. However, ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption in liver was significantly higher (P 0.05) when rats were fed a low protein diet compared to the medium or high protein diet. Total and ouabain-sensitive O2 consumption increased in duodenal mucosa of rats fed low level of dietary fibre compared to the medium or high dietary fibre diets. Thein vitro results corresponded with the whole animal energy expenditure and O2 consumptionin vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617798
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resuscitation of cadaveric livers from non-heart-beating donors after warm ischemic insult: a novel technique tested in the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 661-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Non-heart-beating donor ; liver ; oxygen ; persufflation ; aerobic ischemia ; transplantation ; preservation ; resuscitation ; viability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical liver transplantation has become the therapy of choice in end-stage liver disease, but the limited availability of suitable donor organs still impedes its widespread application. In order to increase the availability of donor organs for liver transplantation, it would be advantageous if ischemically damaged livers could be resuscitated from cadavers in which the heart has stopped beating. A method for doing this has been developed in a rat model. Compared to livers excised from rats in which the heart is still beating, severe deteriorations of tissue integrity and functional performance were evident in predamaged livers after cold preservation without supplementary treatment. A treatment of those livers which included an antioxidant rinse with superoxide dismutase, and venous vascular insufflation of gaseous oxygen during preservation, completely prevented tissue alterations upon reperfusion, and promoted a functional recovery of the livers, making them comparable to organs harvested from heart-beating donors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01925569
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) reduces the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in rat liver microsomes (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 589-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) ; cholesterol ; serum ; lipoproteins ; liver ; HMG-CoA reductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of dried oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on cholesterol (C) content in serum, in lipoproteins and in liver, and on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase in liver microsomes, was studied in male rats (strain Wistar, initial body weight 75 g) fed on low-cholesterol (9 mg/100 g) and high-cholesterol (0.3%) diets. Addition of 5% oyster mushroom to both diets reduced significantly the C-content in serum (by 30%), in very-low- and low-density lipoproteins (in a 1∶1 ratio to the decrease of total serum C) and in liver (by 50%), as well as the activity of HMG-CoA reductase (by more than 30%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02128749
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma and hepatic antioxidant control and vitamin A nutritional status (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Vitamin A ; diet ; rats ; plasma ; liver ; scavengers ; antioxidant enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-seven rats were divided into three groups and fed on diets containing 0.3, 6 or 60 RE (retinol equivalent) retinyl palmitate/g food. After 7 weeks, hepatic vitamin A uptake was found to be more efficient in vitamin A-deficient rats than in rats given adequate vitamin A. We showed that during the metabolic adaptation of the animals to the level of vitamin A in the diet, extensive modifications occur in the antioxidant defences of the organism. In parallel with the increase in the level of vitamin A, the decrease in the level of α-tocopherol in the plasma can bring about a greater susceptibility of the lipoproteins to oxidative stress. Similarly, the decrease in the hepatic α-tocopherol level and in glutathione peroxidase activity leads to the weakening of the liver's antioxidant defences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01925575
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interindividual variation in the enzymatic 15-keto-reduction of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin E1 in human liver and in human erythrocytes (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 52 (1997), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key wordsProstaglandin E1 ; Carbonyl reductase; 13 ; 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE1 ; 13 ; 14-dihydro-PGE1 ; human ; liver ; erythrocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The therapeutic response to PGE1 is highly variable, and a contribution by variable formation of its active tertiary metabolite PGE0 is in question. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the person-to-person variation of the reduction of the inactive intermediate metabolite 15-KD PGE1 by human liver and human erythrocytes in forming the active metabolite PGE0. Methods: Source of enzyme was lysed erythrocytes from 29 donors, and a bank of 37 donor livers including specimens from 15 children. Tritium-labelled 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin E1 (15-KD PGE1) was used at low nanomolar concentrations and found to be converted almost exclusively to the more polar compound 13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin E1 (PGE0) by an NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase. The identity of the product PGE0 was established by comparison of its chromatographic and mass spectral characteristics with authentic PGE0. Results: Lysed erythrocytes had readily measurable enzymatic activity; differences between the preparations from 29 subjects were very small with only a twofold range of variation. In contrast to lysed erythrocytes, intact erythrocytes did not catalyse the reaction so that the erythrocyte activity should be medically immaterial. 15-KD PGE1 15-ketoreductase activity of liver cytosol averaged 61.1 fmol · min−1 · mg−1 protein in preparations from 37 human livers. Individual activities varied over an almost tenfold range, with indications of a non-normal distribution. Kinetic studies of selected specimens showed substantially different Vmax values but indistinguishable k M values, suggesting that the individual variation in 15-KD PGE1 15-ketoreduction is the result of differences in enzyme concentration rather than of structural enzyme variations. The activity in 15 livers from children was significantly lower than in those from adults. Inhibition data suggest that both the liver and the erythrocyte enzymes belong to the class of carbonyl reductases. Conclusions: The variations in hepatic enzyme activity may be expected to affect the transformation of 15-KD PGE1 to the active metabolite PGE0 in vivo. The clinical significance remains to be explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050264
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in the rate of 6-mercaptopurine methylation in the erythrocytes, liver and kidney in an Italian population (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1996), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words 6-Mercaptopurine ; Thiopurine methyltransferase ; Polymorphism; erythrocytes ; liver ; kidney ; newborns ; adults
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. The polymorphism of erythrocyte thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is genetically regulated as an autosomal codominant trait, and so should be congenital. Results. We tested this hypothesis by measuring TPMT activity in erythrocyte preparations from adults and newborns and observed polymorphic distribution of TPMT activity in the adult and newborn erythrocytes. The activity of TPMT was higher in red cells from the newborns than adults. The frequency distribution of TPMT activity was also investigated in the liver and kidney. In the kidney, TPMT activity fell into two subgroups, whereas in the liver the distribution pattern was more complex. The activity of TPMT in erythrocytes and liver from the same subject was correlated, but the values of only half the cases fell within the 95% confidence limits, suggesting that the control of hepatic and/or erythrocyte TPMT is multifactorial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050155
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of DNA adducts levels in white sucker fish (Catostomus commersoni) from the basin of the St. Lawrence River (Canada) (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 148 (1995), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: DNA adducts ; liver ; fish ; 32P-postlabelling ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; genotoxic biomarker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The levels of DNA adducts in the hepatic tissue of the white sucker fish speciesCatostomus commersoni were determined by32P-postlabelling. The fish were caught at four sites: two sites near the city of Windsor (Québec, Canada) on the St. François River, a downstream tributary of the St. Lawrence River, and two sites in the St. Lawrence River itself, near the city of Montréal (Québec, Canada). The latter sites are known to be contaminated by many pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Total adduct levels in all fish ranged from 25.1–178.0 adducts per 109 nucleotides. White sucker from the selected sites of the St. Lawrence River had a significantly higher mean level of DNA adducts than those of the St. François River (129.4 vs 56.8, respectively). These results suggest that the effluents of many heavy industries (e.g. from a Soderberg aluminium plant) flowing in the St. Lawrence River are more likely to produce genotoxic damage to fish than those released in one of its tributary, and mainly associated to the activities of a small town and a nearby pulp and paper mill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928150
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Ca2+ threshold for the mitochondrial permeability transition and the content of proteins related to Bcl-2 in rat liver and Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 194 (1999), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: Bcl-2 ; Ca2+ ; hepatoma ; liver ; mitochondrial permeability transition ; tumor cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria were able to accumulate two to five times more Ca2+ than rat liver mitochondria before the permeability transition was induced. Pulses of Ca2+ were given in series to determine the Ca2+ threshold by recording changes in [Ca2+] and membrane potential, the permeability transition causing the release of accumulated Ca2+ and collapse of the membrane potential. Hepatoma mitochondria had lower Ca2+ efflux rates, higher net Ca2+ uptake rates and lower phosphorylation rates than liver mitochondria. Since the differences in regard to induction of the permeability transition might be due to higher expression of the Bcl-2 protein in hepatoma cells than in hepatocytes, the transcription of Bcl-2 and the proteins reacting with a Bcl-2 polyclonal antiserum were estimated by Northern and Western blotting, respectively. Hepatoma cells had two Bcl-2 specific mRNA bands of 7 and 2.4 kb, and substantial amounts of the Bcl-2 protein, whereas in liver cells and mitochondria these were not detected. Both cell lines had a reactive band at 19-20 kDa, and hepatocytes a small band at 31-32 kDa. Bcl-2 antibodies stimulated the permeability transition potently in hepatoma mitochondria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006913526643
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  • 14
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    In vivo modulation of N-myristoyltransferase activity by orthovanadate (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 153 (1995), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: sodium orthovanadate ; diabetes ; N-myristoyltransferase ; liver ; membrane-associated ; vanadate ; obese Zucker rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyses the transfer of myristate from myristoyl-CoA to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of several proteins and are important in signal transduction. STZ-induced diabetes (an animal model for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) resulted in a 2-fold increase in rat liver NMT activity as compared with control animals. In obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats (an animal model for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) there was a∼4.7-fold lower liver particulate NMT activity as compared with the control lean rat livers. Administration of sodium orthovanadate to the diabetic rats normalised liver NMT activity. These results would indicate that the rat liver particulate N-myristoyltransferase activity appears to be inversely proportional to the level of plasma insulin, implicating insulin in the control of N-myristoylation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01075931
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  • 15
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    On the regulation of cellular energetics in health and disease (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 160-161 (1996), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: respiration ; ADP diffusion ; heart ; skeletal muscle ; liver ; brain ; in vivo regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Very recent experimental data, obtained by using the permeabilized cell technique or tissue homogenates for investigation of the mechanisms of regulation of respiration in the cells in vivo, are shortly summarized. In these studies, surprisingly high values of apparent Km for ADP, exceeding that for isolated mitochondria in vitro by more than order of magnitude, were recorded for heart, slow twitch skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, brain tissue homogenates but not for fast twitch skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial swelling in the hypo-osmotic medium resulted in the sharp decrease of the value of Km for ADP in correlation with the degree of rupture of mitochondrial outer membrane, as determined by the cytochrome c test. Very similar effect was observed when trypsin was used for treatment of skinned fibers, permeabilized cells or homogenates. It is concluded that, in many but not all types of cells, the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane for ADP is controlled by some cytoplasmic protein factor(s). Since colchicine and taxol were not found to change high values of the apparent Km for ADP, the participation of microtubular system seems to be excluded in this kind of control of respiration but studies of the roles of other cytoskeletal structures seem to be of high interest. In acute ischemia we observed rapid increase of the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane for ADP due to mitochondrial swelling and concomitant loss of creatine control of respiration as a result of dissociation of creatine kinase from the inner mitochondrial membrane. The extent of these damages was decreased by use of proper procedures of myocardial protection showing that outer mitochondrial membrane permeability and creatine control of respiration are valuable indices of myocardial preservation. In contrast to acute ischemia, chronic hypoxia seems to improve the cardiac cell energetics as seen from better postischemic recovery of phosphocreatine, and phosphocreatine overshoot after inotropic stimulation. In general, adaptational possibilities and pathophysiological changes in the mitochondrial outer membrane system point to the central role such a system may play in regulation of cellular energetics in vivo.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240050
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  • 16
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    Effect of cadmium, mercury and copper on partially purified hepatic flavokinase of rat (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 167 (1997), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: cadmium ; zinc ; liver ; flavokinase ; thiol group
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of cadmium (Cd2+), mercury (Hg2+) and copper (Cu2+) was studied with partially purified flavokinase (ATP:riboflavin 5′-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.26) from rat liver. All the divalent heavy metal cations inhibited flavokinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of cadmium on the enzyme was completely reversed by increasing concentration, of Zinc (Zn2+) indicating a competition between Zn2+ and Cd2+ for binding with the enzyme. A competition between riboflavin and Cd2+ is also evident from the present investigation. These observations hint at the possibility that Zn2+ and Cd2+ probably compete for the same site on the enzyme where riboflavin binds. However, inhibition of flavokinase by Hg2+ could not be reversed by Zn2+. Our studies further reveal that hepatic flavokinase appears to contain an essential, accessible and functional thiol group(s) which is evident from a concentration dependent inhibition of activity by sulfhydryl reagent s like parachloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)(DTNB), and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Inhibition of flavokinase by sulfhydryl reagents were protected, except in case of NEM inhibition, when the enzyme was incubated with thiol protectors like glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT). Furthermore, the enzyme could also be protected from the inhibitory effect of Cd2+ and Hg2+ by GSH and DTT suggesting that Cd2+ probably interacts with a reactive thiol group at or near the active site of enzyme in bringing about its inhibitory effect. (Mol Cell Biochem 167: 73-80, 1997)
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006815504302
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  • 17
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    Studies on hepatic injury and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat subcellular organelles following in vivo ischemia and reperfusion (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 176 (1997), S. 337-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: antioxidant enzymes ; sub-cellular organelles ; liver ; ischemia-reperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activities of rat hepatic subcellular antioxidant enzymes were studied during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Ischemia was induced for 30 min (reversible ischemia) or 60 min (irreversible ischemia). Ischemia was followed by 2 or 24 h of reperfusion. Hepatocyte peroxisomal catalase enzyme activity decreased during 60 min of ischemia and declined further during reperfusion. Peroxisomes of normal density (d = 1.225 gram/ml) were observed in control tissues. However, 60 min of ischemia also produced a second peak of catalase specific activity in subcellular fractions corresponding to newly formed low density immature peroxisomes (d = 1.12 gram/ml). The second peak was also detectable after 30 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion for 2 or 24 h. Mitochondrial and microsomal fractions responded differently. MnSOD activity in mitochondria and microsomal fractions increased significantly (p 〈 0.05) after 30 min of ischemia, but decreased below control values following 60 min of ischemia and remained lower during reperfusion at 2 and 24 h in both organelle fractions. Conversely, mitochondrial and microsomal glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased significantly (p 〈 0.001) after 60 min of ischemia and was sustained during 24 h of reperfusion. In the cytosolic fraction, a significant increase in CuZnSOD activity was noted following reperfusion in animals subjected to 30 min of ischemia, but 60 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion resulted in decreased CuZnSOD activity. These studies suggest that the antioxidant enzymes of various subcellular compartments respond to ischemia/reperfusion in an organelle or compartment specific manner and that the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity in peroxisomes may differ from that in mitochondria and microsomes. The compartmentalized changes in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity may be crucial determinant of cell survival and function during ischemia/reperfusion. Finally, a progressive decline in the level of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant increase in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) activity also suggest that greater tissue damage and impairment of intracellular antioxidant activity occur with longer ischemia periods, and during reperfusion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006829902442
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  • 18
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    Differential time course of liver and kidney glucose-6 phosphatase activity during long-term fasting in rat correlates with differential time course of messenger RNA level (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 155 (1996), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: glucose-6 phosphatase ; messenger RNA ; liver ; kidney ; fasting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the role of Glc6Pase mRNA abundance in the time course of Glc6Pase activity in liver and kidney during long-term fasting in rat. Refered to the mRNA level in the fed state, Glc6Pase mRNA abundance was increased by 3.5 ± 0.5 and 3.7 ± 0.5 times (mean ± S.E.M., n = 5) in the 24 h and 48 h-fasted liver, respectively. Then, the liver Glc6Pase mRNA was decreased to the level of the fed liver after 72 and 96 h of fasting (1.0 ± 0.3 and 1.4 ± 0.3). In the kidney, Glc6Pase mRNA abundance was increased by 2.7 ± 1.0 and 5 ± 1.2 times at 24 and 48 h of fasting, respectively. Then, it plateaued at the level of the 48 h fasted kidney after 72 h and 96 h of fasting (4.5 ± 1.0 and 4.3 ± 1.0). After 24 and 48 h-refeeding, the abundance of Glc6Pase mRNA in 48 h-fasted rats was decreased to the level found in the liver and kidney of fed rats. The time course of the activity of Glc6Pase catalytic subunit during fasting and refeeding was strikingly parallel to the time course of Glc6Pase mRNA level in respective tissues. These data strongly suggest that the differential expression of Glc6Pase activity in liver and kidney in the course of fasting may be accounted for by the respective time course of mRNA abundance in both organs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714331
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  • 19
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    Alterations in isoforms of glutathione S-transferase in liver and kidney of cadmium exposed rhesus monkeys: Purification and kinetic characterization (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 166 (1997), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: cadmium ; glutathione S-transferase ; liver ; kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Exposure of animals to cadmium (Cd) (25 mg kg-1 body wt day-1) for 10 weeks resulted in preferential accumulation of the metal in liver and kidney. Cd accumulation concomitantly increased zinc (Zn) concentration in both the organs. However, significant decrease in copper level was observed in liver, whereas kidney showed increase in copper (Cu) level. Cd exposure resulted in decreased total GST activity in liver (63%) and kidney (41%) as compared to control group monkeys on normal diet (group I). On isoelectric focusing (IFP) control liver GST segregated into thirteen isoenzymes, while in Cd-treated experimental animals (group II) liver GST resolved into nine isoenzymes. Similarly kidney GST from control animals separated into seven isoenzymes as compared to four isoenzymes from Cd-treated animals. Kinetic analysis showed that Cd exposure did not alter the affinity constant (Km) of GST for GSH and CDNB whereas maximal velocity (Vmax) for these substrates decreased as compared to controls in both the organs, indicating inhibition in GST synthesis by Cd. Cd resulted in a noncompetitive type of inhibition with respect to GSH in vitro. On isoelectric focussing GST of liver and kidney in group II resolved into nine and four isoenzymes as compared to thirteen and seven in group I, showing loss of four basic isoenzymes in case of liver and three isoenzymes in case of kidney. Monkey liver and kidney expressed all the three classes of GST isoenzymes i.e. α, µ and π, which were serologically identical to human α, µ and π GSTs. (Mol Cell Biochem 166: 55-63, 1997)
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006849431209
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  • 20
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    Retinol uptake and metabolism, and cellular retinol binding protein expression in an in vitro model of hepatic stellate cells (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 187 (1998), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: vitamin-A ; cellular retinol-binding protein ; liver ; hepatic stellate cells ; lipocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver is a major site of retinoid metabolism and storage, and more than 80% of the liver retinoids are stored in hepatic stellate cells. These cells represent less than 1% of the total liver protein, reaching a very high relative intracellular retinoid concentration. The plasma level of retinol is maintained close to 2 μM, and hepatic stellate cells have to be able both to uptake or to release retinol depending upon the extracellular retinol status. In view of their paucity in the liver tissue, stellate cells have been studied in primary cultures, in which they loose rapidly the stored lipids and retinol, and convert spontaneously into the activated myofibroblast phenotype, turning a long-term study of their retinol metabolism impossible. We have analyzed the retinol metabolism in the established GRX cell line, representative of stellate cells. We showed that this cell line behaves very similarly, with respect the retinol uptake and release, to primary cultures of hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, we showed that the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP-I) expression in these cells, relevant for both uptake and esterification of retinol, responds to the extracellular retinol status, and is correlated to the retinol binding capacity of the cytosol. Its expression is not associated with the overall induction of the lipocyte phenotype by other agents. We conclude that the GRX cell line represents an in vitro model of hepatic stellate cells, and responds very efficiently to wide variations of the extracellular retinol status by autonomous controls of its uptake, storage or release.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006886308490
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  • 21
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    Gene gun-mediated in vivo analysis of tissue-specific repression of gene transcription driven by the chicken ovalbumin promoter in the liver and oviduct of laying Hens (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 185 (1998), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: chicken ; oviduct ; liver ; tissue-specific repression ; in vivo gene transfer ; gene gun
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to search tissue-specific elements in the 5′-upstream promoter region, gene gun was used to transfect in vivo plasmid DNAs with varying lengths of truncated ovalbumin promoter fused to the CAT reporter gene to the oviduct and liver of laying hens. The results indicated that in the oviduct, consistently high reporter gene expression was observed irrespective of the length of the truncated ovalbumin gene promoters, whereas in the liver the ovalbumin promoter extending from -3200 to +8 bp suppressed substantially the reporter gene expression compared with consistently high gene expression obtained by the ovalbumin promoters from -2800 to +8 bp or shorter length. It was concluded, therefore, that a tissue-specific silencer-like element might reside most likely in the ovalbumin gene promoter region between -3200 and -2800 bp which represses the ovalbumin gene transcription in the liver, but not in the oviduct of laying hens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016507900718
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  • 22
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    In vitro desaturation or elongation of monotrans isomers of linoleic acid by rat liver microsomes (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 185 (1998), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: trans polyunsaturated fatty acid ; linoleic acid ; desaturation elongation ; microsomes ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several nutritional studies have shown the in vivo conversion of the 9c,12t-18:2 and 9t,12c-18:2 into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) containing 20 carbons (geometrical isomers of eicosadienoic and eicosatetraenoic acids). In the present work, some in vitro studies were carried out in order to have precise information on the conversion of these two isomers. In a first set of experiments, studies were focused on the in vitro Δ6 desaturation, the first regulatory step of the biosynthesis of n-6 long chain PUFA, from 9c,12c-18:2. Rat liver microsomes were prepared and incubated under desaturation conditions with [1-14C]-9c,12c-18:2 in presence of unlabelled 9c,12t-, 9t,12c- or 9t,12t-18:2. The data show that each trans isomer induced a decrease of the Δ6 desaturation of the [1-14C]-9c,12c-18:2, but the 9c,12t-18:2 was the most potent inhibitor (up to 63%). Rat liver microsomes were also incubated with [1-14C]-9c,12c-18:2, [1-14C]-9c,12t-18:2 or [1-14C]-9t,12c-18:2 under desaturation conditions. The results indicated that 18:2 Δ9c,12t is a much better substrate for desaturase than 9t,12c-18:2. Moreover, the conversion levels of [1-14C]-9c,12t-18:2 was similar to what was observed for its all cis homologue, at low substrate concentration only. In a second set of experiments, in vitro elongation studies of each mono-trans 18:2 isomers and 9c,12c-18:2 were carried out. For that purpose, rat liver microsomes were incubated with [1-14C]-9c,12c-18:2, [1-14C]-9c,12t-18:2 or [1-14C]-9t,12c-18:2 under elongation conditions. The data show that [1-14C]-9t,12c-18:2 is better elongated than 9c,12c-18:2 while the amount of product formed from [1-14C]-9c,12t-18:2 was lower than was produced from the 9c,12c-18:2. Thus, the desaturation enzymes presented a higher affinity for the 9c,12t-18:2 whereas the elongation enzyme presented a higher affinity for the 9t,12c-18:2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006859616647
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  • 23
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    Selective changes in the protein-turnover rates and nature of growth induced in trout liver by long-term starvation followed by re-feeding (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 201 (1999), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: hyperplasia ; hypertrophy ; liver ; nucleic-acid concentration ; protein-growth rate ; protein-turnover rate ; rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ; starvation/re-feeding cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report upon the effects of a cycle of long-term starvation followed by re-feeding on the liver-protein turnover rates and nature of protein growth in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We determined the protein-turnover rate and its relationship with the nucleic-acid concentrations in the livers of juvenile trout starved for 70 days and then re-fed for 9 days. During starvation the total hepatic-protein and RNA contents decreased significantly and the absolute protein-synthesis rate (AS) also fell, whilst the fractional protein-synthesis rate (KS) remained unchanged and the fractional protein-degradation rate (KD) increased significantly. Total DNA content, an indicator of hyperplasia, and the protein:DNA ratio, an indicator of hypertrophy, both fell considerably. After re-feeding for 9 days the protein-accumulation rates (KG, AG) rose sharply, as did KS, AS, KD, protein-synthesis efficiency (KRNA) and the protein-synthesis rate/DNA unit (KDNA). The total hepatic protein and RNA contents increased but still remained below the control values. The protein:DNA and RNA:DNA ratios increased significantly compared to starved fish. These changes demonstrate the high response capacity of the protein-turnover rates in trout liver upon re-feeding after long-term starvation. Upon re-feeding hypertrophic growth increased considerably whilst hyperplasia remained at starvation levels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006953917697
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  • 24
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    In vivo effects of vanadate on hepatic glycogen metabolizing and lipogenic enzymes in insulin-dependent and insulin-resistant diabetic animals (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 153 (1995), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: vanadate ; diabetes ; glycogen synthase ; phosphorylase ; lipogenic enzymes ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The insulin-mimetic action of vanadate is well established but the exact mechanism by which it exerts this effect is still not clearly understood. The role of insulin in the regulation of hepatic glycogen metabolizing and lipogenic enzymes is well known. In our study, we have, therefore, examined the effects of vanadate on these hepatic enzymes using four different models of diabetic and insulin-resistant animals. Vanadate normalized the blood glucose levels in all animal models. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the amount of liver glycogen and the activities of the active-form of glycogen synthase, both active and inactive-forms of phosphorylase, and lipogenic enzymes like glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were decreased and vanadate treatment normalized all of these to near normal levels. The other three animal models (db/db mouse, sucrose-fed rats and fa/fa obese Zucker rats) were characterized by hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increases in activities of lipogenic enzymes, and marginal changes in glycogen metabolizing enzymes. Vanadate treatment brought all of these values towards normal levels. It should be noted that vanadate shows differential effects in the modulation of lipogenic enzymes activities in type I and type II diabetic animals. It increases the activities of lipogenic enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals and prevents the elevation of activities of these enzymes in hyperinsulinemic animals. The insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor β subunit and its tyrosine kinase activity was increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after treatment with vanadate. Our results support the view that insulin receptor is one of the sites involved in the insulin-mimetic actions of vanadate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01075922
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    Liver and intestinal fatty acid binding proteins in control and TGFβ1 gene targeted deficient mice (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 159 (1996), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: fatty acid binding protein ; liver ; intestine ; growth factor ; TGFβ1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) expression on fatty acid binding proteins was examined in control and two strains of gene targeted TGFβ1-deficient mice. Homozygous TGFβ1-deficient 129 × CF-1, expressing multifocal inflammatory syndrome, had 25% less liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) when compared to control mice. The decrease in L-FABP expression was not due to multifocal inflammatory syndrome since homozygous TGFβ1-deficient/immunodeficient C3H mice on a SLID background had 36% lower liver L-FABP than controls. This effect was developmentally related and specific to liver, but not the proximal intestine, where L-FABP is also expressed. Finally, the proximal intestine also expresses intestinal-FABP (1-FABP) which decreased 3-fold in the TGFβ1-deficient/immunodeficient C3H mice only. Thus, TGFβ1 appears to regulate the expression of L-FABP and I-FABP in the liver and the proximal intestine, respectively.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420917
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  • 26
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    The effect of dexamethasone treatment on the expression of the regulatory genes of ketogenesis in intestine and liver of suckling rats (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 178 (1998), S. 325-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: carnitine palmitoyl transferase I ; mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase ; dexamethasone ; suckling rats ; ketogenesis ; intestine ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the injection of dexamethasone on ketogenesis in 12 day old suckling rats was studied in intestine and liver by determining mRNA levels and enzyme activity of the two genes responsible for regulation of ketogenesis: carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT 1) and mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase. Dexamethasone produced a 2 fold increase in mRNA and activity of CPT I in intestine, but led to a decrease in mitt HMG-CoA synthase. In liver the mRNA levels and activity of both CPT I and mitt HMG-CoA synthase decreased. Comparison of these values with the ketogenic rate of both tissues following dexamethasone treatment suggests that mitt HMG-CoA synthase could be the main gene responsible for the regulation of ketogenesis in suckling rats. The changes produced in serum ketone bodies by dexamethasone, with a profile that is more similar to the ketogenic rate in the liver than that in the intestine, indicate that liver contributes more to ketone body synthesis in suckling rats. Two day treatment with dexamethasone produced no change in mRNA or activity levels for CPT I in liver or intestine. While mRNA levels for mitt HMG-CoA synthase changed little, the enzyme activity is decreased in both tissues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006875716407
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  • 27
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    Chemiluminescence of mouse liver after administration of a carcinogen (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1556-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; chemiluminescence ; carcinogens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the intensity of chemiluminescence of the liver were observed at different times after injection of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene into mice. The possible connection between the observed phenomena and the formation and accumulation of the endogenous carcinogen in the liver is examined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799810
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    Changes in the structure of chromatin in hepatocyte nuclei of rats adapted to hypoxia (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 445-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypoxia ; liver ; structure of hepatocyte chromatin ; Acridine Orange ; microfluorometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The structure of chromatin in the nuclei of isolated surviving hepatocytes and of isolated hepatocyte nuclei was studied by fluorochroming with Acridine Orange and microfluorometry of the luminescence of chromatin-bound dye at 530 and 590 nm in intact rats and rats adapted to hypoxia in a pressure chamber for 60 days. Hepatocyte nuclei of intact rats were shown to be distributed on the basis of their fluorescence at 530 nm into three classes, with a ratio between intensities of 1∶2∶4, whereas hepatocyte nuclei of rats adapted to hypoxia formed only one class, corresponding to the second class in the control. The ratio between the intensities of luminescence at 590 nm and 530 nm (the coefficient α) forms a normal distribution in intact rats, but in adapted rats it formed a bimodal distribution with a shaft of the maxima toward both sides of the control. During hypoxia repression of some genes and depression of others is considered to take place in the chromatin of liver nuclei.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00804945
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  • 29
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    Effect of carbon tetrachloride on RNA metabolism in the rat liver (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 677-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: carbon tetrachloride ; liver ; total, nuclear, and cytoplasmic RNA ; RNA turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of systematic administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to rats on the RNA content in the liver and the intensity of incorporation of the labeled precursor (uridine-H3) into it was investigated. Comparison of the results of morphological and biochemical studies revealed two consecutive stages of the toxic process, terminating in the formation of septal fibrosis. The sharpest changes in rapid RNA turnover in the rat liver were observed during the first 3 months of action of the toxic agent. The disturbance of metabolism also was reflected in a lowered RNA level and changes in the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in the tissue of the affected liver.
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    Effect of disturbance of the innervation of the liver and loss of bile on biliary and hepatic enzyme activity (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 847-849 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: enzymes ; liver ; disturbance of innervation ; loss of bile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Continuous loss of bile from rats with a bile reservoir connected to the common bile duct led to an increase in specific activity of malate, lactate, glutamate, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, urokinase, and histidase in liver homogenates by the seventh day. By the tenth day their specific activity had fallen. After disturbance of the innervation of the rats' livers the ATP concentration fell sharply and the specific activity of the above-mentioned enzymes in the liver was considerably inhibited. During continuous loss of bile, fluctuating changes took place in the specific activity of these enzymes and also of sorbitol dehydrogenase in the bile, starting from the first and continuing until the tenth day of the experiment. Support for the view that these fluctuations were under the control of the nervous system was given by the considerable changes in their character following disturbance of the hepatic innervation.
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    Content of adenyl mononucleotides and respiratory phosphorylation in mitochondria of rats with transplantable tumors (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 903-905 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: tumor growth ; oxidative phosphorylation ; ATPase ; adenyl mononucleotides ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The content of adenyl mononucleotides, the process of oxidative phosphorylation, and the ATPase activity of the liver mitochondria of rats with transplantable sarcoma 45 and Walker's carcinosarcoma were investigated at different stages of tumor growth. The fall in the ATP level observed in the liver mitochondria of the rats with tumors was due, first, to inhibition of its formation as a result of the partial uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and, second, to an increased rate of its breakdown as a result of increased ATPase activity.
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    Effect of contrycal on activity of dehydrogenases and their isozymes in muscles and organs of animals with developing granulation tissue (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1001-1003 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lactate dehydrogenase ; malate dehydrogenase ; isozymes ; protease inhibitor, contrycal ; muscles ; liver ; kidneys ; heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of contrycal on the state of the enzyme systems of the muscles, liver, kidneys, and heart was investigated in rats with developing granulation tissue. This protease inhibitor was found to stimulated lactate and malate dehydrogenase activity and also the isozyme spectrum of these enzymes. The action of the inhibitor was manifested as a change in the state of the enzyme systems both at the site of injury (granulations and underlying tissue) and in certain internal organs (liver and kidneys).
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    Effect of bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on the activity of some enzymes of energy metabolism in the liver (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1010-1011 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: vagotomy ; liver ; enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy leads to a marked decrease in hexokinase, glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the soluble fraction of rat liver. The blood sugar level was unchanged at all times after the operation. These changes in enzyme activity evidently take place on account of the absence of parasympathetic impulses to the liver cell.
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    Effect of benzo(a)pyrene on monolayer cultures of normal and malignant mouse liver cells (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1331-1334 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: benzo(a)pyrene ; liver ; hepatoma ; tissue culture
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    Notes: Abstract Cells of a monolayer culture of embryonic mouse liver, like cells of a culture of highly malignant hepatoma 22A, maintained by transplantation for 20 years, actively metabolized the carcinogenic hydrocarbon benzo(a)pyrene and are highly sensitive to its toxic action. Considering that liver tissue in vivo is resistant to carcinogenic hydrocarbons, the authors suggest that this resistance is due to factors acting at the organ or organism level but not at the cell level. The problem of the mechanism of preservation of the sensitivity of hepatoma 22A to the toxic action of benzo(a)pyrene also is discussed.
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    Effect of enteral oxygen therapy on liver function in acute degeneration (1977)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1413-1415 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: carbon tetrachloride ; oxygen ; liver ; bile acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of enteral oxygen therapy was studied in rats with acute degeneration of the liver caused by CCl4. Intragastric injection of oxygen foam reduced the severity of poisoning and led to more rapid and complete recovery of the intensity of bile secretion, synthesis of primary bile acids, and their conjugation with amino acids, and improved the stabilizing properties of the bile.
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    Bile secretory function of the liver in birds of different ages with experimental atherosclerosis (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1298-1301 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: experimental atherosclerosis ; age ; bile acids ; cholesterol ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract The bile-secretory function of the liver under normal conditions and in experimental atherosclerosis produced by administration of cholesterol was studied in experiments on young (3–4 months old) and adult (30–36 months old) hens of the Russian White breed. During natural aging a decrease in the total and free cholesterol concentrations in the blood serum and in the bile-secretory function of the liver was observed These indices were raised during administration of cholesterol and atherosclerotic changes developed in the aorta. The severity of these changes compared with normal was greater in the adult than in the young experimental birds.
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    Effect of alcohol on hepatocyte mitochondria (1977)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1783-1784 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; liver ; alcohol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes under the influence of alcohol were studied. The greatest changes were found in the mitochondria. Physical exertion and a low protein diet have a marked effect on the degree of alcohol poisoning. The first factor reduces whereas the second aggravates the harmful action of alcohol.
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  • 38
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    Method of combined histological staining of the liver with alcian blue and carbol fuchsin (1978)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 254-256 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; hepatocytes ; alcian blue
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    Notes: Abstract A modification of Novelli's combined histological staining method whereby the functional state of hepatocytes can be determined is suggested.
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  • 39
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    Some features of growth of an organ culture of the liver from mice infected with coxsackie A13 virus (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 477-479 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Coxsackie A13 virus ; organ culture ; proliferation ; liver
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    Notes: Abstract Features of growth and proliferation of organ cultures of the liver from noninbred albino mice infected with a single dose of Coxsackie A13 virus were investigated. A marked zone of growth mainly of epithelial cells was found early in explants of the liver of the experimental group of mice, whereas growth of cells around the liver explants of the control mice either was absent or was very weak. Moreover, many lymphocytes uniformly distributed in the zone of growth of the liver cells were found in preparations of the liver of the experimental mice. In some explants the picture of adhesion of lymphocytes to the hepatocytes of the culture was seen, and in places where lymphocytes accumulated death of the liver cells and marked thinning of the cellular layer were observed on the 21st and 28th days of growth of the culture.
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  • 40
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    Localization of albumin, transferrin, andα-fetoprotein in normal and regenerating mouse liver (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 689-693 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: α-fetoprotein ; albumin ; transferrin ; immunofluorescence ; liver
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    Notes: Abstract A technique of tissue fixation with a mixture of acetone and formalin followed by embedding in paraffin wax, enabling good detection of antigens, including serum proteins, is described. By means of this method the distribution of albumin, transferrin, andα-fetoprotein was described in normal and regenerating mouse liver. Both under normal conditions and during regeneration albumin and transferrin are contained by strictly the same hepatocytes.α-Fetoprotein is found in the regenerating liver independently of the other two proteins, although it is found in the same zones. Albumin and transferrin are found only in the perinecrotic zone in each cell containingα-fetoprotein.
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  • 41
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    Immunohistochemical study of cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol in mouse liver (1978)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 1206-1209 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: immunofluorescence ; cardiolipin ; phosphatidylinositol ; liver
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    Notes: Abstract The localization of phospholipid haptens (cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol) in frozen and paraffin sections of mouse liver fixed in acetone and in an acetone-buffer-formalin mixture was studied by the indirect fluorescent antibodies method. Antiphospholipid sera specifically stained the plasma membranes of the hepatocytes, especially the region of the membrane facing the blood sinus. Detection of phospholipid haptens in liver sections with the aid of antiphospholipid sera depends on the method of obtaining and fixing the sections. Depending on the method of immunization, two types of antiphospholipid sera are obtained; they differ in their stability, in the possibility of isolating antibodies on lipid immunosorbents from them, and in their ability to stain liver sections.
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  • 42
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    Effect of cytidine and uridine on regeneration of the liver in rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 88 (1979), S. 1480-1483 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; regeneration ; cytidine ; uridine
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    Notes: Abstract The effect of uridine and cytidine on the course of repair processes in the liver of rats with experimental hepatitis due to CCl4 was studied. Injection of uridine or cytidine simultaneously with CCl4 over a period of 7 days did not prevent damage to the liver by the poison. Further treatment with the nucleosides (up to 15 and 20 days) accelerated, although to different degrees, the course of repair processes after discontinuation of CCl4. Cytidine, for instance, caused marked hypertrophy of regenerating hepatocytes, combined with proliferation of mesenchymal cells, which, however, was not accompanied by restoration of the conjugating and excretory functions of the liver. Unlike cytidine, uridine led to more rapid normalization of the abovementioned functions, although restoration of the structure of the organ in this case was less complete.
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    Diurnal changes in the number of mitoses and of DNA-synthesizing cells in tissues of young rats (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1712-1714 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Mitotic index (MI) ; index of labeled nuclei (ILN) ; diurnal changes in MI and ILN ; liver ; epidermis ; pancreas
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    Notes: Abstract Regular diurnal changes in the number of mitoses (MI) and the number of DNA-synthesizing cells (ILN) were demonstrated in the liver, epidermis, and exogenous part of the pancreas of rats aged 7 days. The character of these changes differed in the various tissues. No regular correlation was found between diurnal changes in MI or ILN.
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    Changes in rat liver mitochondria after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (1977)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 487-490 
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    Keywords: mitochondrion ; liver ; vagotomy
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    Notes: Abstract Changes in the liver mitochondria of rats after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy were studied. Two stages were distinguished in the dynamics of the response of the mitochondrial system to denervation. During the first stage (0.5–3 days after vagotomy) reversible functional disturbances due to postoperative stress took place in the mitochondria. The second stage (7–60 days after denervation) is characterized by more marked structural and functional changes with some common features with those observed in hypoxia and resulting from vagotomy itself.
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  • 45
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    Effect of absence of polyploid hepatocytes on regeneration in the liver (1977)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1183-1186 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; polyploidy ; mitotic index ; index of labeled nuclei ; guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An autoradiographic study with [3H]thymidine showed that the hepatocytes of young sexually mature guinea pigs commence the phase of DNA synthesis 25 h after partial hepatectomy. Peaks of the number of labeled nuclei were found 30, 45, and 60 h after the operation. Two waves of mitoses were found by counting mitotic figures in squash preparations: 40 and 55 h after hepatectomy. A cytophotometric study of the DNA content showed that practically all the mononuclear and binuclear hepatocytes contained diploid nuclei 3 and 5 days after the operation. By the end of the 7th day of regeneration there were 6% of mononuclear tetraploid cells. The number of binuclear cells fell during the period of regeneration studied from 16 to 8%. It is concluded that the principal cytological mechanism of liver regeneration in guinea pigs is normal mitosis terminating in separation of the cells.
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  • 46
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    Effect of gnotobiotic conditions on the histophysiology of liver and spleen tissues (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 95-98 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: germfree animals ; liver ; spleen ; histochemical changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract The liver and spleen of gnotobiotic Wistar rats were studied by histochemical methods and the liver electron-microscopically. Under germfree conditions of existence of the animal the succinate dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase activity in the liver decreased, fatty infiltration of the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells increased, and some of the cells developed fatty degeneration. Meanwhile acid phosphatase activity and the number of lysosomes increased in the biliary poles of the hepatocytes, whereas in the spleen destruction of erythrocytes and the liberation of free iron and pigments, which stimulate the excretion of bile in germfree animals, were increased.
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  • 47
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    Effect of o,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and perthane in vitro on glutathione reductase activity in the adrenals of dogs and guinea pigs (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 152-154 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: glutathione reductase ; o,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; p,p′-diethyldiphenyldi-chloroethane (Perthane) ; adrenals ; liver ; kidneys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract o,p′-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (o,p′-DDD) and Perthane, when added in a concentration of 312 μM to homogenate and cytoplasmic fraction of dog adrenals, activate glutathione reductase. In a concentration of 156 μM, o,p′-DDD and Perthane do not affect glutathione reductase activity of the dog adrenals. When given in vitro, o,p′-DDD and Perthane activate glutathione reductase of the guinea pig adrenals. o,p′-DDD has no effect on glutathione reductase activity of the cytoplasmic fraction of dog liver and kidney, thus confirming the high specificity of its effect on the adrenal cortex.
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    Effect of chronic carbon tetrachloride poisoning on the turnover of RNA fractions in rat liver tissue (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 490-494 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: carbon tetrachloride ; liver ; RNA metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Changes in the content and incorporation of 5-3H-uridine after brief exposure to its labeled precursor were studied in the individual liver RNA fractions of rats during administration of carbon tetrachloride for 24 weeks. These fractions were obtained by preparative electrophoresis in 2.5% polyacrylamide gel from previously isolated nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. Administration of CCl4 to rats was shown to reduce the quantity of transfer and ribosomal RNA in the liver tissue. Chronic CCl4 poisoning also disturbs the synchronization of the turnover of the individual components of fast-labeled RNA.
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  • 49
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    Liver cell hydration (1997)
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    Cell biology and toxicology 13 (1997), S. 275-287 
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    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: hydration ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver cells possess potent mechanisms to maintain their volume, i.e., their hydration state. These volume-regulatory mechanisms, however, are apparently not designed to maintain absolute cell volume constancy; they rather act as dampeners to prevent excessive cell volume deviations, which would otherwise result from cumulative substrate uptake or anisotonic stress. Furthermore, these volume-regulatory mechanisms can even be activated in the resting state by hormones and other stimuli, and by that means cell volume changes are affected secondarily. Thus, liver cell hydration can change within minutes under the influence of aniso-osmolarity, hormones, nutrients, and oxidative stress. Such short-term modulation of cell volume within a narrow range acts as an independent and potent signal which modifies hepatocellular metabolism and gene expression. Accordingly, cell volume homeostasis involves the integration of events that allow cell hydration to play a physiologic role as a regulator of cell function.
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    Liver cell culture methods for measuring DNA alterations produced by chemicals and radiation (1997)
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    Cell biology and toxicology 13 (1997), S. 317-321 
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    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: DNA ; hepatocytes ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver culture systems, both primary cultures of hepatocytes and replicating cell lines, can be used in a variety of ways to study the DNA-damaging effects of chemicals and radiation. The present report describes some of the available methods and their interpretation.
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    Apoptosis in the liver and its role in hepatocarcinogenesis (1997)
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    Cell biology and toxicology 13 (1997), S. 339-348 
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    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: apoptosis ; hepatocarcinogenesis ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Apoptosis seems to be the predominant type of active cell death in the liver (type I), while in other tissues cells may die via biochemically and morphologically different pathways (type II, type III). Active cell death is under the control of growth factors and death signals. In the liver, endogenous factors, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), activin A, CD95 ligand, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may be involved in induction of apoptosis. Release and action of these death factors seems to be triggered by exogenous signals such as withdrawal of hepato-mitogens, food restriction, etc. During stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, not only DNA synthesis but also apoptosis gradually increase from normal to preneoplastic to adenoma and carcinoma tissue. Also, in human carcinomas, birth and death rates of cells are several times higher than in surrounding liver. (Pre)neoplastic liver cells are more susceptible than normal hepatocytes to stimulation of cell replication and of cell death. Consequently, tumor promoters may act as survival factors, i.e., inhibit apoptosis preferentially in preneoplastic and even in malignant liver cells, thereby stimulating selective growth of (pre)neoplastic lesions. On the other hand, regimens favoring apoptosis and lowering cell replication may result in selective elimination of (pre)neoplastic cell clones from the liver. Finally, we have studied the first stage of carcinogenesis, namely the appearance of putatively initiated cells after a single dose of the genotoxic carcinogen N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM). Most of these cells were found to be eliminated by apoptosis, suggesting that initiation, at the organ level, can be reversed at least partially by preferential elimination of initiated cells. These events may be regulated by autocrine or paracrine actions of survival factors.
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    Liver cell culture methods to measure DNA alterations produced by chemicals and radiation (1997)
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    Cell biology and toxicology 13 (1997), S. 399-403 
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    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: DNA ; hepatocytes ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver culture systems, both primary cultures of hepatocytes and replicating cell lines, can be used in a variety of ways to study the DNA-damaging effects of chemicals and radiation. The present report describes some of the available methods and their interpretation.
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    DNA ploidy and autophagic protein degradation as determinants of hepatocellular growth and survival (1997)
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    Cell biology and toxicology 13 (1997), S. 301-315 
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    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: autophagy ; carcinogenesis ; hepatocyte ; liver ; ploidy ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hepatocytes have the ability to go through specialized cell cycles, which, during normal developmental liver growth, result in the formation of binuclear and polyploid cells. In the adult rat liver, the majority of the hepatocytes (about 70%) are tetraploid, 15-20% are octoploid, and only 10-15% are diploid (about 50% in humans). One-third of the hepatocytes in either rats or humans are binuclear (with two diploid or two tetraploid nuclei). Among cultured rat hepatocytes stimulated with growth factors (EGF and insulin), one-half of the mitoses are of the binucleating type (suggesting a "quantal" mechanism), causing one-third of the postmitotic cells to become binuclear. In contrast, regenerative liver growth, induced by partial hepatectomy, is predominantly nonbinucleating. During rat liver carcinogenesis, the early populations of phenotypically altered cells (foci) are predominantly diploid, as are the later neoplastic nodules and carcinomas, which can be shown to have a regeneration-like, largely nonbinucleating growth pattern. A negative correlation between growth capacity and ploidy can be demonstrated in cultured hepatocytes, regenerating livers, neoplastic nodules, and hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting that suppression of binucleation and polyploidization may carry a growth advantage, in addition to helping to maintain a large population of diploid, potential stem cells. Since a diploid genome is less protected against mutagenic change than a polyploid genome, diploid tumor cells may, furthermore, be more prone than polyploid cells to undergo mutation-based progression toward increasing malignancy. The ability of liver tumor promoters like 2-acetylaminofluorene, cyproterone acetate, α-hexachlorocyclohexane and methylclofenapate to induce nonbinucleating hepatocyte growth may, therefore, cooperate with the selective growth stimulation of cancer cells and cancer cell precursors to promote liver carcinogenesis. Autophagy, a mechanism for the bulk degradation of cytoplasm, contributes to intracellular protein turnover and serves to restrict cellular growth. Rat liver carcinogenesis is accompanied by a progressive reduction of autophagic capacity, preneoplastic livers having 50% and hepatocellular carcinoma cells only 20% as much autophagy as normal hepatocytes. The ascites hepatoma cell line AH-130 has virtually no autophagy during logarithmic growth, but some autophagy is turned on when the cells become growth-arrested at high cell density. Ascitic fluid from AH-130 cells is able to completely inhibit autophagy in normal hepatocytes, suggesting that the cancer cells may improve their growth ability through an autocrine, autophagy-suppressive mechanism. Hepatocytes from preneoplastic livers similarly maintain a low autophagic activity under restrictive culture conditions, thereby surviving much better than normal hepatocytes, which switch on their autophagy. In the presence of an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine), normal and preneoplastic hepatocytes survive equally well, testifying to the importance of autophagy as a determinant of cell survival and growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007487425047
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    Immortalized human hepatocytes as a tool for the study of hepatocytic (de-)differentiation (1997)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 13 (1997), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: bile salts ; cell culture ; immortalization ; lipoproteins ; liver ; plasma proteins ; transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary human hepatocytes were immortalized by stable transfection with a recombinant plasmid containing the early region of simian virus (SV) 40. The cells were cultured in serum-free, hormonally defined medium during the immortalization procedure. Foci of dividing cells were seen after 3 months. Albumin- and fibrinogen-secreting cells were selected and cloned by limiting dilution to obtain homologous cell populations. The established IHH (immortalized human hepatocyte) cell lines were evaluated for their usefulness in studying the regulation of cell growth and of certain differentiated hepatocyte functions. IHH cells retain several differentiated features of normal hepatocytes. They display albumin secretion at a level comparable to cultured primary human hepatocytes (30 µg albumin/ml per day). A portion of the IHH cells are polarized, forming bile canaliculi-like vacuoles where exogeneous organic anions accumulate. The multidrug resistance (MDR) P-glycoprotein, known to be localized at the canalicular membrane, is also present in these vacuoles. The polarized features allowed the use of IHH cells for the study of localization of the newly characterized multidrug resistance protein MRP1. The homologues of MRP were found in hepatocytes, MRP1 and MRP2 (cMOAT), both functioning in ATP-dependent excretion of anionic conjugates. In differentiated hepatocytes, MRP1 expression is extremely low. In contrast, MRP1 is highly expressed in proliferating IHH cells, where it is localized in lateral membranes. A highly differentiated feature of short-term cultured primary hepatocytes which is not detectable in IHH cells is active uptake of the bile salt taurocholate. Furthermore, IHH cells secrete triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B (0.6 µg/ml per day), and apolipoprotein A-I (1 µg/ml per day). However, they secrete apoB-containing TG-rich lipoproteins mainly in the LDL density range, while short-term cultured primary hepatocytes mainly secrete TG-rich lipoproteins in the VLDL density range. In conclusion, functions that are rapidly lost in short-term hepatocyte cultures are, in general, not displayed by IHH cells. Immortalized human hepatocytes provide a valuable tool for studying the regulation of hepatocyte proliferation-related phenomena.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007404028681
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    Liver and spleen enhancement after intravenous injection of carboxydextran magnetite: effect of dose, delay of imaging, and field strength in anex vivo model (1996)
    Springer
    Magnetic resonance materials in physics, biology and medicine 4 (1996), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1352-8661
    Keywords: liver ; spleen contrast enhancement ; carboxydextran magnetite ; dose ; delayed imaging ; field strengths dependence ; ex vivo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It has been predicted that liver and spleen enhancement after administration of superparamagnetic contrast agents may be different, depending on the strength of the main magnetic field. With the use of anex vivo model, we investigated at 0.3, 0.5, and 1.5 T the effects on liver and spleen signal intensity of 5, 15, and 45 µmol/kg body weight of dextran magnetite (SHU 555A) in 54 rats. Nine rats served as controls. At different time delays since injection, the animals were killed, and after perfusion with saline, the liver, brain, and spleen were fixed in formalin. The specimens were embedded in an agar gel matrix and imaged with inversion recovery T1-weighted, proton density spin echo, and T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequences. At each magnetic field strength, peak liver and spleen signal loss increased with increasing dose of the contrast medium. Signal loss was significantly more conspicuous after a dose of 15 than 5 µmol/kg body weight, but not after a dose of 45 compared with 15 µmol/kg. No signal change was observed in the brain. GRE images showed higher enhancement than proton density-weighted spin echo and inversion recovery images but were noisier. The enhancement showed a plateau between 30 min and 24 hours. Only the signal decrease of the liver after a low dose of contrast medium on GRE images was significantly higher (p〈0.01) at 1.5 than at 0.5 and 0.3 T. Other differences in respect to the field strength were less significant (p〈0.05) or nonsignificant. Differences in the spleen enhancement were nonsignificant. SHU 555A at a dose of 15 µmol/kg is an efficient intracellular contrast agent for liver and spleen at low, mid, and high field strength. Proton density spin echo images are probably the sequence of choice to exploit SHU 555A contrast effects and a wide time window for imaging after its intravenous injection does exist.
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    Improved estimation of tissue hydration and bound water fraction in rat liver tissue (1996)
    Springer
    Magnetic resonance materials in physics, biology and medicine 4 (1996), S. 55-59 
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    ISSN: 1352-8661
    Keywords: proton NMR ; relaxation times ; liver ; cold storage ; water fractions ; tissue hydration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on recent improvements in the field, biexponential data from fresh rat liver and monoexponential data from cold storage experiments allow quantification of three distinct relaxation components in liver tissue: bound water (4.2%, R1=12.0 ± 1.7 s−1, R2=440 ± 180 s−1); structured water (59%, R1 ≈ 3.3 ± 0.07 s−1, R2 ≈ 24.9 ±1.1 s−1); and free water (≈37%, R1=R2 ≈ 0.4 s−1). However, only the relaxation rates of the structured water component change with water content: R1A (s−1)=6.53 * Ms/Mw − 0.77 (r2=0.911); R2A (s−1)=71.15 * Ms/Mw − 3.09 (r2=0.956), respectively. This suggests a slow exchange between bound and structured water in liver cells.
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    Metabolic types of regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the liver of intact animals (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 119 (1995), S. 408-409 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lactate dehydrogenase ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A possible relationship between metabolic types of regulation of liver oxidative enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and the blood level of cortisol and insulin in intact animals is explored. The liver enzyme activity is found to depend on the initial physiological state of the organism.
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    Regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy with a beam of ionized plasma (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 119 (1995), S. 418-419 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; regeneration ; ionized plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighty guinea pigs underwent resection of the left lateral lobe of the liver, performed with a beam of ionized plasma. Morphological analysis 32 and 45 hours after partial hepatectomy revealed minor damage to the parenchyma to a depth of 300–400 μ. Autoradiography showed proliferative activity in the organ to occur in the early post-operative period.
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    Changes of the total water content and magnetic relaxation characteristics of the liver and small intestine in vagotomy (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 120 (1995), S. 1070-1072 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: water ; time of magnetic relaxation ; liver ; small intestine ; vagotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy in rats results in a disturbance of water metabolism in the liver and small intestine which manifests itself in an increase of the total water content, prolongation of the spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation, and in a distortion of the correlation between them. The dynamics of water metabolism is of a onepeak nature in the liver with a maximum after 7 days, whereas in the small intestine it is of a dual-peak type with peaks at 7 and 30 days. Near-normalization of the water balance in the digestive organs occurs 220 days later.
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    Effects of adaptation to hypoxia on cytochrome levels in the brain and liver of rats (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 120 (1995), S. 1193-1195 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: adaptation ; hypoxia ; cytochromes ; brain ; liver ; individual resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After a prolonged (for 30 days) adaptation of rats to intermittent hypoxia, their brains contained lowered levels of mitochondrial cytochromes, despite an increase in the number of mitochondria in the brain tissue mass, along with similar levels of high-energy compounds and more protein as compaired to the brains of unadapted controls. A mitochondrial population with novel properties presumably emerged in the brain. These effects were all more strongly marked in rats with an initially low resistance to hypoxia. In the liver of hypoxiaadapted animals, unlike in their brain, cytochrome levels in the mitochondrial and microsomal redox chains were lowered and the biogenesis of mitochondria was much less intensive.
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    Hepatoprotective properties of phospholiv, a preparation containing phosphatidylcholine from sunflower seeds and glycyrrhizic acid, in modeled cirrhosis of rat liver (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 124 (1997), S. 897-899 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; experimental cirrhosis ; RNA and protein synthesis ; phospholipid preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hepatoprotective effect of Phospholiv, a phospholipid preparation containing phosphatidylcholine from sunflower seeds and glycyrrhizic acid trisodium salt, is studied using a model of CCl4-induced cirrhosis of the liver. Phospholiv protects hepatic tissues from necrotic and dystrophic changes and prevents the development of cirrhosis. Phospholiv restores impaired RNA and protein synthes is under conditions of chronic intoxication.
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    Opposite effects of adaptation to short-term stress and adaptation to periodic hypoxia on Na,K-ATPase activity in liver plasma membranes (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 121 (1996), S. 348-351 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: heart ; liver ; Na,K-ATPase ; lipid peroxidation ; stress ; adaptation to stress ; adaptation to hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Na,K-ATPase activity is shown to be lowered more than twice 2 hours after emotional pain stress in comparison with the initial level, remaining practically unchanged during the subsequent 24 hours. Adaptation to repeated stress results in a 50% activation of Na,K-ATPase. A protective effect is demonstrated in long-term stress against the background of preadaptation. Adaptation to periodic hypoxia inhibits liver Na,K-ATPase to the same extent as does acute stress. Against the background of preadaptation to periodic hypoxia, stress does not aggravate the drop of Na,K-ATPase activity. Adaptation to stress inhibits accumulation of products ofin vitro-induced lipid peroxidation in the heart 1.4-fold and does not affect it in the liver, whereas adaptation to hypoxia sharply accelerates the accumulation of oxidized products in both organs, which probably explains the activation of liver Na,K-ATPase in adaptation to stress and its inhibition in adaptation to hypoxia.
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    Ultrastructural changes in albino mouse liver caused by isogenous F1+ and F1− strains ofYersinia pestis and their correction with ceftriaxone (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 121 (1996), S. 533-536 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: experimental plague ; liver ; ceftriaxone ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fatty dystrophy and partial cytoplasmic necrosis predominate during the preagonal period in parenchymatous organs of mice infected withYersinia pestis 231 F1+. Endothelial damage, fibrin precipitation, and microcirculatory disorders occur in sinusoidal capillaries. More pronounced changes in the liver develop during the preagonal period in mice infected withY. pestis 231 F1−. Treatment with ceftriaxone leads to 100% survival in both groups and substantial restoration of liver structure.
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    Effect of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on oxidation-phosphorylation coupling and the state of the mitochondrial adenosine system in the liver of albino rats (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 121 (1996), S. 576-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: catalase inhibitors ; liver ; oxidative phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Incubation of the specific catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with liver mitochondria and administration of this drug to intact rats are shown to uncouple oxidation and phosphorylation and to inhibit adenosine nucleotide synthesis in the animal liver. These disturbances apparently results from catalase inhibition.
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    Phospholipid composition of liver mitochondria in experimental hemorrhagic shock (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 124 (1997), S. 658-660 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: phospholipids ; mitochondria ; liver ; hemorrhagic shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Heparin used as an anticoagulant in modeled hemorrhagic shock decreases the phosphatidylcholine and increases the phosphatidylethanolamine contents in the mitochondria. Accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine in whole mitochondria and their inner membrane is observed in hemorrhagic shock. At the same time, hemorrhagic shock decreases phosphatidylcholine content in the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and increases phosphatidylethanolamine content in the outer membranes. Modification of phospholipid composition of mitochondrial membranes is a mechanism responsible for impaired energy production in liver mitochondria in hemorrhagic shock.
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    Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on irradiated animals (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 127 (1999), S. 483-484 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: chorionic gonadotropin ; irradiation ; blood ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chorionic gonadotropin exerts a protective effect on irradiated animals: it increases survival rate and number of peripheral blood leukocytes, improves the structure of liver parenchyma, and increases body weight.
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    Growth-inhibitory activity of bone marrow cells during CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 127 (1999), S. 587-589 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; CCl 4 ; cirrhosis ; bone marrow ; hemopoiesis ; macrophages ; tumor necrosis factor-α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis, cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment in the bone marrow of BALB/c mice produced activity inhibiting the growth of erythropoiesis and granulomonocytopoiesis precursors. Stimulation with yeast polysaccharide zymosan increased the inhibitory activity (especially in relation to granulomonocytic precursors). The highest growth-inhibitory activity was produced by the bone marrow adherent fraction (residual bone marrow macrophages). Tumor necrosis factor-α is probably responsible for the inhibition of the growth of myeloid precursors in mice with CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis.
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    Immediate and remote effects of antitumor drug on the morphology of rat liver (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 1140-1143 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; platidiam ; pharmorubicine ; CCl 4-induced hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments performed on rats have shown that a single intravenous injection of the antitumor preparations platidiam and pharmorubicine in the maximum tolerated dose cause morphological changes in the liver which are preserved for 3 months after platidiam and for 6 moths after pharmorubicine. Instability of reparative processes in the liver was revealed when the rats were poisoned with CCl4, 1, 3, and 6 months after administration of the cytostatics.
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    Free-radical damage to the liver during its transplantation under conditions of oxidative stress (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 120 (1995), S. 1093-1095 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; transplantation ; free-radical damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role played by oxygenation of the recipient organism in the development of reperfusion-induced damage to the transplanted liver was evaluated in minipigs, and animals in which the transplant operations failed were found to have developed oxidative stress. The results indicate that free-radica oxidation has a role to play in the damage to cellular structures of the recipient and that it is important to correct this damage as early as possible by means of antioxidants and iron-chelating agents.
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    Structural changes in dog liver during adaptation to high altitude (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 123 (1997), S. 619-622 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: adaptation ; high altitude ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vascular and tissue changes in the livers of dogs living on an altitude of 3200 m above sea level for various periods were studied by histological, morphometric, and electromicroscopic methods. Destructive changes were observed in hepatocytes after a month of exposure, which were due mainly to impaired hepatic microcirculation and increased from the center to the periphery of hepatic acinus. Ultrastructural changes occurred predominantly in the energy-producing and protein-synthesizing systems of hepatocytes.
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    Correction of hyperlipoproteinogenic microangiopathy and organ pathology with thymalin and leu-enkephalin in the early stages of atherogenesis (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 121 (1996), S. 100-103 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: thymalin ; leu-enkephalin ; hyperlipidemia ; microangiopathy ; myocardium ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of thymalin and leu-enkephalin on lipid peroxidation and microcirculatory disorders in the early stages of atherogenesis are compared. Correction of the generalized microcirculatory response to hyperlipoproteinemia with the peptides manifested itself in the regression of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and restoration of the morphofunctional state of the myocardium and liver.
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    A quantitative study of dehydrogenase activity of hepatocytes in systemic endotoxinemia (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 119 (1995), S. 101-104 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: metabolism ; liver ; endotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A histophotometric study of the liver dehydrogenase activity reveals the nature of changes of enzymatic homeostasis and its periodicity in the dynamics of endotoxinemia in dogs. A compensatory reaction to lipopolysaccharide administration develops during the first two hours. A decrease of dehydrogenase and diaphorase activity and the development of structural damage to hepatocytes appear later. It is shown that the activation of free-radical oxidation as well as an increase of the level of medium-sized molecules in the blood plasma play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver damage.
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    Toxicological study of king crab collagenase (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 119 (1995), S. 377-380 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: collagenase ; king crab ; toxicology ; blood components ; liver ; kidneys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A toxicological study of a preparation of king crab collagenase designed for local treatment of wounds shows that daily hypodermal administration of various concentrations of preparation (1.5 to 15 mg/ml) over 5 days does not affect erythrocyte morphology or hemoglobin content in laboratory animals (rats and rabbits). Systemic enzyme administration does not alter the histological structure of the kidneys (kidney is the target organ for enzyme) but leads to dose-dependent reversible degeneration of rat liver tissues. The milder effects of the preparation in comparison with a comparable dose of the widely used chymopsin affirm that this collagenase preparation is suitable for external use.
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    Endogenous phosphorylation of lysosomal proteins of rat heart and liver in the early postreanimation period (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 120 (1995), S. 697-699 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lysosomes ; cAMP-dependent phosphorylation ; postreanimation period ; heart ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The lysosomal fraction isolated in a Percoll gradient from rat liver and heart after 30 min of the postreanimation period following a 5-min heart arrest stimulated incorporation of32P in total lysosomal protein. Addition of cAMP and protein inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase changed the rate of phosphorylation. Endogenous phosphorylation of total lysosomal protein in the postreanimation period was reduced in the heart and increased in the liver. This may be due to a change in the intracellular level of cAMP, which fell in the heart and rose in the liver.
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    Electron-histochemical data on the localization of aminopeptidase M in the liver (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 120 (1995), S. 952-953 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: aminopeptidase M ; liver ; electron histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activity of aminopeptidase M in rat liver is studied electron histochemically. The enzyme is shown to be localized in the lysosomes of Kupffer's cells and endotheliocytes, and extracellularly on hepatocyte microvilli.
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    Effects of enkephalins on bile-secreting function (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 120 (1995), S. 986-988 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: enkephalins ; liver ; bile secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Various doses of leu- and met-enkephalins injected into the portal vein of rats inhibited predominantly the secretory function of the liver. In most instances, the changes in bile secretion were observed to coincide in direction, time of occurrence, and magnitude with those in the secretion of bile acids.
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    Electron-histochemical localization of liver collagenase (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 121 (1996), S. 90-91 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: collagenase ; liver ; electron histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Localization of collagenase in normal rat liver is studied by the electron-histochemical method. Enzyme activity is detected in Kupffer and endothelial cells and on hepatocyte microvilli.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02445716
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    Ultrastructural changes in liver sinusoid endotheliocytes during dextran treatment of the compression syndrome (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 734-736 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; endothelial cells of sinusoids ; long-term compression syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopic and morphometric studies showed reduction in the intensity of plastic processes, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased proportion of secondary lysososomes in endothelial cells of liver sinusoids in rats with a moderate long-term compression syndrome. These processes were pronounced in dextran-treated rats, which may be due to impaired trophics of hepatocytes.
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    Ultrastructure of rat liver cells after exhausting physical training (1998)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 731-733 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; hepatocyte ; physical load ; clasmatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rats, running of the maximum intensity caused death of some hepatocytes, an increase in the number of phagosomes in Kuppfer cells, and the emergence of connective tissue fibers in the space of Disse. Ultrastructural investigation of hepatocytes showed delayed release of bile products into bile capillaries, decrease in glycogen content, increase in the number of mitochondria (many of them were divided by the cristae), and irregular distribution of ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Accumulation of erythrocytes in the sinusoids, fragments of dead hepatocytes, Kuppfer cells with numerous phagosomes, and connective tissue fibers in the space of Disse were observed in rat liver after exhausting swimming. Study of hepatocyte ultrastructure revealed intense protein synthesis (as evidenced by increased number of ribosomes and unchanged mitochondria and cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum), separation of cytoplasmic fragments with ribosomes into sinusoids, absence of glycogen, and lipid accumulation.
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    Chemiluminescence of the mouse liver after injection of glucose (1975)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 80 (1975), S. 1311-1312 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; mitogenetic radiation ; unbalanced molecular constellations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spectral composition of radiation from the mouse liver was studied in situ after intravenous injection of various doses of glucose. A statistically significant ultraviolet component-mitogenetic radiation-appeared after injection of 15 mg glucose. Only visible radiation was recorded after smaller or larger doses. The results are evidence of the role of unbalanced molecular constellations in the regulation of hepatocyte metabolism.
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    Diurnal changes in the duration of mitosis in rats (1975)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 80 (1975), S. 1365-1367 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; colcemid ; duration of mitosis ; diurnal changes in mitotic indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diurnal changes in the duration of mitosis were studied by the colchicine method in rats aged 45 days. In adult animals the mean diurnal duration of mitosis in the epithelium of the pancreas and liver and in the epidermis was reduced by almost half compared with that at the age of 7 days. Diurnal changes in the mitotic indices for the tissues studied may be due to changes in the rates in which the cells start to divide and also in the duration of mitosis.
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    Differences in brain and liver blood flow during and after acute blood loss in rats with different resistance to circulatory hypoxia (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 123 (1997), S. 217-220 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: blood loss ; brain ; liver ; blood flow ; ultrasound, laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Variations of blood flow and vascular resistance in the common carotid arteries and of blood flow in the hepatic artery and portal vein are examined during and after acute massive blood loss in rats with low and high resistance to circulatory hypoxia. In rats with low resistance, arterial pressure and the rates of cerebral and hepatic blood macro- and microflow, which have decreased during blood loss, continued to fall during the posthemorrhagic period. After cessation of bleeding, a transient arterial pressure rise to 70 mm Hg is observed in rats with high resistance, while the blood flow via carotid arteries increases to 65% of its initial value, being maintained at this level throughout the period of changes in carotid vascular resistance; intrinsic hepatic arterial blood flow increases to 115% of baseline value, while the portal vein blood flow and hepatic microflow increase to 75%.
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    A method for monitoring toxic damage to the liver, based on measurement of total water and its magnetic relaxation characteristics (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 120 (1995), S. 1199-1201 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; tetrachloromethane ; water ; magnetic relaxation time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute poisoning of rats with the hepatotropic poison tetrachloromethane was accompanied by increases in the liver content of total water and its spin-lattice (T 1) and spin-spin (T 2) relaxation times and by a decrease in theT 1/T 2 ratio, with reversal of the correlation betweenT 1 andT 2. The antihypoxic agent sodium γ-oxybutyrate normalized water metabolism in the liver almost completely. It is concluded that total water content andT 1 are the more informative parameters for monitoring both toxic liver damage and the efficacy of its pharmacological correction.
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    Repopulation of the liver after dipin-induced damage (1997)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 124 (1997), S. 941-944 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; dipin ; genome damage ; apoptosis ; stem cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The alkylating preparation dipin in combination with partial hepatectomy induces genomic damage and apoptosis of hepatocytes with total replacement of parenchyma at the expense of the stem reserve cells. This model was employed to study the responses of the cell cycle to genetic damage, mechanisms of cell survival and death, and the sources of cells repopulating liver parenchyma.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02446827
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    Ultradian rhythms in cell population. Problem of synchronization (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 124 (1997), S. 1159-1163 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: ultradian rhythms ; synchronization ; protein synthesis ; gangliosides ; liver ; hepatocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The studies demonstrating cooperativity of cells in synchronization of their activity are reviewed. The total ultradian rhythm in a cell culture is taken as a marker of synchronization. Self-synchronization of interacting oscillators has been demonstrated in experiments. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms underlying formation of ultradian rhythms of protein synthesis in a culture of rat hepatocytes. Formation of populational rhythm in these cells is a function of cell density and time of culturing without replacing growth medium (conditioning). The addition of some individual exogenous gangliosides to the culture medium simulates the effects of conditioning. Immunocytochemical studies showed that intracellular expression of ganglioside determinants is enhanced during the conditioning of culture medium. Exchange of gangliosides between cells and their intracellular accumulation may be the first step in synchronization of cell activity. Synchronization of the protein synthesis oscillations was demonstrated in hepatocytesin situ in a denervated liver. From these observations and literature data it is concluded that self-synchronization of cellular activity is a fundamental regulatory mechanism of organ functioning which operates in line with regulatory systems acting at the organism level.
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    Morphological restructuring of lymphoid organs in birds and tailless amphibians after surgical interventions on the viscera (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 961-964 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: regeneration ; lymphoid tissue reaction ; liver ; pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Resection of the liver and pancreas in birds involves a decrease in mitotic activity of follicular lymphoid cells in the bursa of Fabricius (3.8 and 2.6 times on days 10 and 20 postoperation, respectively) and in the spleen (1.5–2 times 1–30 days postoperation) in comparison with the white pulp and splenic follicles volume. In frogs, unilateral nephrectomy involves devastation of the spleen (its red and white pulp), which does not decrease by day 8 postoperation.
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    Inhibition and regulation of antioxidant protection, microsomal oxidation, and xenobiotic glucuronidation in cholestatic rats (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 127 (1999), S. 176-179 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; cholestasis ; biotransformation of xenobiotics ; antioxidant system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An 8-day biliary obstruction in rats caused by ligation of the common bile duct is accompanied by an increase in bilirubin blood content and alanine aminotransferase activity. The hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing activity (intensities of microsomal oxidation and glucuronidation) decreases in parallel with the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase). A comparative study of Heptral, Ursofalk, Essentiale, and Cordiamin (nikethamide) showed that Cordiamin displays the most significant enzymestabilizing activity.
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    Functions of bone marrow hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment during CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 128 (1999), S. 903-905 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; cirrhosis ; bone marrow ; hemopoiesis ; macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During late stages of CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis, production of factors stimulating the growth of erythroid and granulomonocytopoietic precursors by bone marrow adherent and nonadherent fractions of BALB/c mice decreased. Stimulation with the yeast polysaccharide zymosan decreased production of these activities by various bone marrow cells, especially by the adherent fraction.
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    Effect of parenteral administration of exogenous cytochrome c on cytochrome content in the liver of rabbits with chronic carbon tetrachloride poisoning (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1516-1517 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: carbon tetrachloride ; liver ; cytochrome c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Administration of exogenous cytochrome c to rabbits with chronic poisoning prevented the decrease in the content of cytochrome c in homogenates and of cytochromesa+a 3, b, and c+c1 in the mitochondria of the liver and promoted restoration of the normal histological structure of the organ.
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    Effect of an atherogenic diet on age differences in cholesterol biosynthesis in the rat liver (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 143-145 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; cholesterol biosynthesis ; age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After intraperitoneal injection of radioactive sodium acetate into rats of two age groups (6–8 and 28–32 months) the dynamics of cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver was observed to be slower in the older animals. The specific liver cholesterol activity of the older rats was lower at the maximum of uptake of the label than in the younger rats. An atherogenic diet for 20 days (0.25 g cholesterol/100 g body weight) led to an increase in the total cholesterol content but to inhibition of its biosynthesis in the liver, and this effect was most marked in the younger rats. Continued administration of cholesterol depressed its biosynthesis still more, especially in the older animals.
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    A multicomponent system of estradiol-binding proteins in rat liver cytosol and its dependence on sex steroids (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 647-650 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: estrogens ; estradiol-binding proteins ; liver ; sex steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The marked sex differences in the ratio between the hormonal capacity of estradiol-binding components with Stokes' radii (a) of 7.0 and 2.5 nm observed in sexually mature animals are somewhat reduced but do not disappear completely after gonadectomy. Prolonged administration of estradiol (50 μg, 8days) to gonadectomized rats leads to depression of the estradiol-binding activity of all components of liver cytosol of females and males. Injection of testosterone propionate (2 mg, 8 days) into gonadectomized animals leads to selective stimulation of a special estrogen-binding protein with a=2.5 nm, normally characteristic of males alone, in both males and females. It is postulated that sex differences in the system of estradiol-binding proteins of the rat liver cytosol are due to sexual differentiation of the system in the early stages of development, on the one hand, and to the active regulatory influence of androgens and estrogens in the late stages of development, on the other hand.
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    Assimilatory and excretory function of the isolated perfused dog liver (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 489-491 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; liver functions ; bromsulfthalein method ; perfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In experiments on dogs the assimilatory-excretory function of the liver was studied by means of the bromsulfthalein method in the intact animal and during perfusion of the isolated organ through the portal vein by means of an artificial circulation apparatus. Under perfusion conditions the rate of uptake of the dye was 50–60% of the value of this index in the intact animal. The rate of elimination of bromsulfthalein with the bile and the biliary plasma clearance in the intact animal were five to six times higher. The main cause of the reduction in the assimilatory-excretory function of the isolated liver is evidently hypoxia developing after denervation and removal of the organ from the body, and also during extracorporeal perfusion itself.
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    Reflex mechanism of maintenance of magnesium homeostasis (1977)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 925-928 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: magnesium ; reflex ; liver ; receptors ; kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Local stimulation of the liver by MgCl2 solution in unanesthetized dogs caused reflex excretion of magnesium through a change in tubular processes. The presence of receptors selectively sensitive to Mg in the liver is postulated. Information from these receptors was shown to spread among the vagus nerves.
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    Antithrombin activity after blockage of the reticuloendothelial system, splenectomy, and partial hepatectomy (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1249-1251 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: antithrombins ; reticuloendothelial system ; liver ; spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After destruction or removal of part of the liver in rats the levels of antithrombins II, III, and IV fell proportionally to the extent of the interference. Destruction of the spleen led to depression, but splenectomy led to activation of antithrombin IV. Blockade of the reticuloendothelial system caused a smaller decrease in the antithrombin level than partial hepatectomy. It is suggested that the spleen produces an inhibitor of antithrombin IV.
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    Morphological and functional changes in the immune system during reparative regeneration of the liver (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1491-1495 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; regeneration ; immune system ; splenic colonies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During reparative regeneration in the liver functional activity of the immune system is increased. Resection of the liver is accompanied by sharp changes in the structure of the thymus and spleen. The thymus-dependent parts of the spleen are particularly reactive. Resection of the liver in rats is accompanied by an increase in the number of stem cells in the bone marrow, as determined by the splenic colonies method. The number of colony-forming cells in the spleen of recipients of lymphocytes taken from the hepatectomized animals is significantly greater than in the spleen of recipients of lymphocytes from intact rats. If the limb is screened, ability to form endogenous colonies also is increased in partially hepatectomized rats compared with intact animals. Resection of the liver in rabbits is accompanied by a significant increase in immunological reactivity on the first to third days after the operation. The reactions of leukergia and leukocytolysis are sharply intensified during this period.
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    Comparative study of some structural and functional indices of the liver and adrenal cortex in physiologically normal mice of different genetic lines (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 226-229 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: interlinear differences ; liver ; adrenals ; steroid hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interlinear differences with respect to morphometric characteristics of the subcellular organization of the hepatocytes and also to indices of adrenocortical function and rate of metabolism of steroid hormones in the liver were found in adult male CBA and C57BL mice. Steroid hormone production by the adrenals and the rate of their metabolism in the liver were found to be inversely proportional in the animals of the two lines. The pattern of structural and functional sponses of the liver of animals of these two strains to pathogenic factors.
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    Electron-microscopic autoradiography of the liver after administration of [3H]corticosterone (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 668-670 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: electron-microscopic autoradiography ; liver ; corticosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Distribution of [3H]corticosterone in the liver cells after adrenalectomy was studied by electron-microscopic autoradiography. The deficiency of endogenous glucocorticoids led to more rapid incorporation of [3H]corticosterone into the liver cells, as shown by the appearance of tracks above the nuclei of the hepatocytes and by an increase in their number above the various cytoplasmic formations.
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    Effect of antihepatocytotoxic serum on DNA synthesis in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 921-924 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; antihepatocytotoxic serum ; carbon tetrachloride ; index of labeled nuclei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of thymidine-3H into parenchymatous and reticulo-endothelial cells of the liver was studied autoradiographically in adult female rats treated with small doses (0.06 μg/100 g body weight per injection) of antihepatocytotoxic serum (AHTS), the γ-globulin isolated from it (γAHTS), and the γ-globulin fraction of normal rabbit serum (γNRS) to intact animals and to rats with liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Following injection of γAHTS and, to a lesser degree, of AHTS into intact animals the index of labeled nuclei of both the parenchymatous and the reticulo-endothelial cells was increased. When given after preliminary CCl4 administration, γAHTS stimulated reparative regeneration. The action of γAHTS took place in phases: A period of increase in the index of labeled nuclei was followed by a period of decrease, and this again was followed by a fresh period of stimulation of proliferative processes.
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    Multicomponent system of estrogen-binding proteins in the liver cytosol: Species differences in rats, mice, and guinea pigs (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 1096-1099 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: estrogen-binding proteins ; liver ; species differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Estradiol(E2)-binding proteins of the liver cytosol of sexually mature female and male rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits were investigated by gel-filtration on Sepharose 6B columns. Components with Stokes' radii (a) of 6–7 and 2.5 nm, forming specific, stable complexes with E2, were found in the liver of female rats and of male and female mice. Components with values of (a) of 6–7, 2.5, and under 2.0 nm, specifically binding E2, were discovered in the liver of male rats and male and female guinea pigs. Complexes of E2 with components with (a) values of 6–7 and under 2.0 nm were relatively stable, whereas the complex of E2 with the component witha=2.5 nm could dissociate completely in 45 min. It is suggested that at least some of the components of these heterogeneous populations of E2-binding proteins may participate in the reception of the estrogen signal by the liver.
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    Effect of some extremal factors on the submicroscopic organization of the liver in rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 1402-1405 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: electron microscopy ; liver ; carbon tetrachloride ; stress syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The submicroscopic study of the parenchymatous cells of the liver of rats receiving carbon tetrachlorde (CCl4) in a dose of 0.12 ml/g body weight repeatedly over a period of 25 days was studied. After the end of poisoning the animals were exposed to various extremal stimuli, namely immobilization, sunburn, or a combination of the two. Administration of CCl4, caused the appearance of many lipid inclusions in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, the basis for fatty infiltration of the liver. Under the influence of extremal factors, accumulation of lipid material not found and not previously described in any other pathological condition, and evidently reflecting profound disturbances of intracellular metabolism, was discovered in the spaces of the rough cytoplasmic reticulum.
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