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  • Articles  (10)
  • Lipids
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • Medicine  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate and lipid components of hyphae and conidia of human pathogenFonsecaea pedrosoi (1995)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 132 (1995), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Fonsecaea pedrosoi ; Morphogenesis ; Carbohydrates ; Lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The carbohydrate and lipid components of mycelium and conidia ofFonsecaea pedrosoi (Brumpt) were analysed by paper, thin-layer and gas-chromatography, mass spectrometry and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Glucose, mannose, galactofuranose, rhamnose and glucosamine were polysaccharide components identified inF. pedrosoi. Significant changes in the carbohydrate pattern occurred during the conversion of mycelium into conidia. Rhamnose was predominant in conidia whereas galactose was prominent in mycelium. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids were the fatty acids identified in the total lipid fraction. Palmitic and oleic acids were major fatty acids. Marked alterations in the fatty acid constituents were observed between the cell types ofF. pedrosoi. Arachidonic acid was detected only in conidia and linoleic acid was preferentially identified in mycelium. Differences in the sterol composition was also associated with morphogenesis inF. pedrosoi. Two main sterols, ergosterol and another less polar sterol, not fully characterized, were found in mycelium whereas in conidia only the latter sterol was present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103778
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid composition of two types of chondrocytes in primary culture (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chondrocytes ; Articular cartilage ; Epiphyseal cartilage ; Primary culture ; Lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chondrocytes from articular and growth plate cartilage were grown in primary culture. The lipid content, distribution into different types, as well as the fatty acid patterns of these lipids were compared when the cells had reached stationary phase and were synthesizing maximal amounts of proteoglycans. Numerous significant differences were observed, depending on the origin of the chondrocytes. In particular, growth plate chondrocytes showed increased dry weight, increased lipid content (phosphatides and triglycerides), and decreased cholesterol to phosphatide ratio when compared to articular chondrocytes; they also incorporated more of C18:1 and less C16:0 into their major lipid types. Whether these differences arise from specific metabolic regulation or are a consequence of chondrocyte organization in primary culture remains unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409463
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin E stimulates trabecular bone formation and alters epiphyseal cartilage morphometry (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin E ; Lipids ; Lipid peroxidation ; Epiphyseal cartilage ; Bone morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of dietary vitamin E (VIT E) and lipids on tissue lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition, epiphyseal growth plate cartilage development, and trabecular bone formation were evaluated in chicks. A 2×2 factorial design was followed using two levels (30 and 90 IU/kg of diet) of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate and two different dietary lipids. The basal semipurified diet contained one of the following lipid treatments: anhydrous butter oil (40 g/kg)+ soybean oil (60 g/kg), [BSO], or soybean oil (100 g/kg), [SBO]. After 14 days of feeding, the level of α-tocopherol in plasma was higher and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were less in plasma and liver of chicks supplemented with 90 IU of VIT E compared with those given 30 IU of VIT E. Body weights and tibiotarsal bone lengths were not affected by the dietary treatments Saturated fatty acids (14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, and 18:0) were increased in tibiotarsal bone of chicks fed the BSO diet. In contrast, total polyunsaturated fatty acids and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids were higher in plasma of chicks fed SBO compared with the values from chicks fed BSO. The thickness of the entire growth plate cartilage and the lower hypertrophic chondrocyte zone was significantly greater in chicks fed 90 IU/kg of VIT E. Kinetic parameters on bone histomorphometry indicated that mineral apposition rate was higher in chicks fed 90 IU/kg of VIT E. The interaction effect between the VIT E and BSO treatments led to the highest trabecular bone formation rate among the groups. These data suggest that VIT E protects against cellular lipid peroxidation in cartilage to sustain normal bone growth and modeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298885
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic effects of carvedilol in hypertensive patients (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 52 (1997), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Hypertension ; Glucose tolerance ; Insulin sensitivity ; Lipids ; Carvedilol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Fifty-six patients with essential hypertension were recruited to study the metabolic effects of carvedilol, a non-selective β-adrenoceptor-blocker with α1-adrenoceptor blocking properties. Methods: The study started with a single-blind, 4–6-week placebo-treatment period followed by an open 6-month active treatment period. There was an option to increase the dose from 25 mg carvedilol to 50 mg daily after 6 weeks. Metabolic investigations were carried out at the end of the placebo period and at the end of the active treatment period. Results: The results show that during carvedilol treatment blood pressure was efficiently lowered. The increase in very low density lipoprotein triglyceride concentration was 13%. Despite this modest increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced by 11%. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose at the hyperinsulinemic clamp test (adjusted for the prevailing insulin and glucose concentrations) decreased by 17%. At the i.v. glucose tolerance test the insulin area under the curve was increased by 18% and the glucose area by 10%. Conclusion: The α1-adrenoceptor-blocking characteristics of carvedilol probably explain the moderate changes of lipoprotein concentrations and insulin sensitivity gained compared with what is usually obtained with a non-selective β-adrenoceptor-blocker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050242
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro alteration of macrophage phenotype and function by serum lipids (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Cytokine ; ELISA ; FACScan ; Lipids ; Macrophage ; Monocyte ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diabetes (type I and type II) affects approximately 13 million people in the United States. Delayed and incomplete healing of wounds can be a major problem for diabetic patients. Macrophages are an important cell in the complex process of wound repair representing the major source of cytokines throughout the wound-healing process. Cytokines mediate many of the cellular responses critical to timely wound repair. It has been suggested that diabetes impairs wound healing through disruption of local cytokine production. Our previous in vivo studies in rats demonstrated that diabetes-induced and diet-induced hyperlipidemia cause changes in macrophage phenotype and function (Iacopino 1995; Doxey et al. 1998), suggesting that alterations in macrophage cytokine profiles represent the cellular/molecular mechanism responsible for delayed wound healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate how monocyte maturation/differentiation and cytokine production were altered by serum lipids in an in vitro system using human cells. Commercially prepared purified human monocytes were cultured and exposed to serum lipids. Phenotypic analysis of differentiated macrophages was then performed by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy using surface antigens specific for various macrophage subsets. Selected cytokines in conditioned medium were assayed using commercial human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We demonstrate that serum lipids cause an increase in monocytic differentiation leading to an inflammatory macrophage phenotype rather than a reparative/proliferative phenotype. We also show that serum lipids cause a generalized decrease in macrophage cytokine production using interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) as marker cytokines. Our present in vitro results using human cells confirm our previous in vivo studies in the rat and support the hypothesis that diabetes-induced hyperlipidemia alters the monocyte differentiation process resulting in changes of macrophage subsets and cytokine release at the wound site, ultimately impairing the wound-healing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051293
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatty acid composition of vitellogenin from four teleost species (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 164 (1995), S. 593-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Estradiol-17β ; Lipids ; Lipoprotein ; Liver ; Teleostei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fatty acid compositions of vitellogenin and liver from cod (Gadus morhua), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) were determined. Vitellogenin was isolated from plasma of estradiol-17β-treated fish by precipitation with EDTA-Mg2+ and distilled water or by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography. In all investigated species, vitellogenin contained 16–18% (w/w) lipid, in which polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominantly 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3), comprised about 50% of the total fatty acids. The proportions of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and (n-3) fatty acids in vitellogenin of the different species were generally similar, although the relative content of specific fatty acids was distinctive for each species. The distribution of fatty acids in total lipids of vitellogenin was highly consistent among individual females of each species. In contrast, liver fatty acid composition varied considerably, both within and between species. Altogether, the differences in the fatty acid composition of vitellogenin and liver from each species indicate that a specific selection of fatty acids occurs during the lipidation of vitellogenin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389799
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optimal depot fat composition for hibernation by golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 164 (1995), S. 536-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Hibernation ; Ground squirrel ; Lipids ; Diet ; Polyunsaturates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) are herbivores that hibernate during winter. Although little is known about the nutritional/physiological constraints on hibernation, numerous studies have demonstrated that increasing the amount of linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the diet enhances hibernation. This is probably because high linoleic acid diets reduce the melting points of the depot fats produced for hibernation which makes them more metabolizable at low body temperatures. This suggests that a major limitation on hibernation may be obtaining enough linoleic acid in the diet for proper hibernation. In all previous studies, however, the amount of linoleic acid in the diets of free-ranging animals was either not considered, or the range of dietary linoleic acid contents in the experiments was less than that of natural diets. It is thus not known whether the amount of linoleic acid available to hibernators under natural conditions actually limits their torpor patterns. A series of laboratory feeding and hibernation experiments were conducted with S. lateralis and artificial diets with different linoleic acid contents that were either below or above the linoleic acid content of the natural diet. The results demonstrated that when dietary linoleic acid contents are either below or above natural levels, hibernation ability is greatly reduced. Hibernation ability was reduced when the squirrels were maintained on a high linoleic acid diet probably by the production of toxic lipid peroxides in brown adipose tissues. The results indicate that there is an optimal level of dietary linoleic acid for proper hibernation, and this is equal to that of the natural diet. The amount of linoleic acid available in the diet thus does not limit hibernation under normal natural conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261394
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum lipids of reindeer during the close postnatal period (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1998), S. 581-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key wordsRangifer ; Newborn ; Blood serum ; Lipids ; Fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined serum fatty acid composition in reindeer during the close postnatal period (from 〈8 h to 3 weeks) by using maternal serum as a reference point and focusing on the proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in serum lipids. A striking dissimilarity was found in the serum PUFAs between the neonatals and their mothers. In particular, the proportions of linoleic acid (18:2) and α-linolenic acid in serum cholesteryl esters and phospholipids of the newborn reindeer were significantly lower than those of the mothers. Furthermore, serum phospholipids of the newborns had lower arachidonic acid and docosapentaenoic acid but higher docosahexaenoic acid proportions than the maternal phospholipids. Although the proportions of the principal C18 PUFAs were low in reindeer milk, they increased sharply in serum cholesteryl esters and phospholipids of the calves during the first few days after birth. In particular, there were significant positive correlations in the proportions of 18:2 between serum and milk lipids. We conclude that the proportions of the serum C18 PUFAs are low in the newborn reindeer, but they are increased during the close perinatal period by a rate which suggests an efficient mechanism for selective retention of these fatty acids from milk lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050180
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association and linkage of LDLR gene variation with variation in plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 43 (1998), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Atherosclerosis ; Intermediate trait ; Complex disease ; Small genetic effects ; Lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of common variation in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene (LDLR) as a determinant of variation in plasma LDL cholesterol in normolipidemic populations is not well established. To address this question, we used both association and linkage analysis to evaluate the relationship between plasma LDL cholesterol and genetic variation in LDLR and in three other candidate genes for lipoprotein metabolism, namely, APOE, PON1, and LPL. We studied a sample of 719 normolipidemic Alberta Hutterites, who comprised 1217 sib pairs. Variation in each of the four candidate genes was significantly associated with variation in plasma LDL cholesterol, but the average effects of the alleles were small. In contrast, sib pair analysis showed that only the LDLR gene variation was linked with variation in plasma LDL cholesterol (P = 0.026). Thus, the common LDLR gene variation was both associated with and linked to variation in plasma LDL cholesterol, suggesting that there is a functional impact of structural variation in LDLR on plasma LDL cholesterol in this study sample. However, the absence of linkage of variation in LDL cholesterol with the other three candidate genes, in particular APOE, is consistent with a lower sensitivity of linkage analysis compared with association analysis for detecting modest effects on quantitative traits. Attributes such as the genetic structure of the study sample, the amount of variance attributable to the locus, and the information content of the marker appear to affect the ability to detect genotype-phenotype relationships using linkage analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380050060
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid storage in cultured articular chondrocytes due to prostanoid precursors and a prostanoid synthesis inhibitor (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 441-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chondrocyte culture ; Prostanoid precursors ; Indomethacin ; Lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lapine articular chondrocytes were subcultured in the presence or absence of the prostanoid precursors, arachidonic acid or dihomo-gammalinolenic acid, and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Lipid storage was studied microscopically using the Sudan black staining method. Control chondrocyte cultures showed a weakly positive staining reaction until confluence was reached, at which point the intra-cytoplasmic lipid content decreased. Both arachidonic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid at 100 μmol/l caused a marked increase in lipid storage which continued even after confluence was achieved. 1 μmol/l concentrations were indistinguishable from controls, whereas 10 μmol/l concentrations elicited a slight increase in lipid storage compared with controls. The prostaglandin cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin did not affect chondrocyte lipid storage. However, administration of a prostanoid precursor in the presence of indomethacin caused a massive increase in intra-cytoplasmic storage of lipid, eventually leading to cell death. A possible explanation is that indomethacin may alter chondrocyte lipid metabolism in the presence of substrate molecules by rechanneling lipid synthesis away from the prostaglandin pathway to other lipid synthetic pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216885
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