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  • Articles  (23)
  • evolution
  • Springer  (23)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Cell Press
  • 1995-1999  (18)
  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (23)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of an evolutionary scheme for cauliflowers in the screening of genetic resources (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 725-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea var. ; botrytis ; cauliflower ; evolution ; resistance ; Plasmodiophora brassicae ; clubroot ; Delia radicum ; cabbage root fly ; genetic resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A hypothetical scheme is given for the evolution of the different types of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). This has been useful in identifying sources of reduced susceptibility to cabbage root fly (Delia radicum (L.)), and may also be useful in the search for reduced susceptibility to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.). It is argued that knowledge of the phylogeny of types within each crop species is of great importance in the exploitation of genetic resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039211
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant nitrogen distribution in wild tetraploid (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) and hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer ; Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; nitrogen uptake ; plant nitrogen distribution ; translocation efficiency ; harvest index ; domestication ; evolution ; yield components ; grain protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Differences were found in total nitrogen uptake and its pattern of distribution in the main tiller amongst five lines of wild tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) and between it and two hexaploid wheats (Triticum aestivum) under low (48 ppm) and higher (240 ppm) levels of soil nitrogen. Under the low soil nitrogen level the hexaploids had higher amounts of total nitrogen in the main tiller than the dicoccoides lines, but under the higher soil nitrogen level, three of the dicoccoides lines had significantly (P〈0.01) higher, and the other two lines, similar amounts as the hexaploids. The total amount of grain nitrogen in the hexaploids was significantly (P〈0.01) higher than the five dicoccoides under the low nitrogen soil level but under the higher level, two of the dicoccoides lines had similar amounts as one of the hexaploids (cv. Bencubbin) but significantly (P〈0.01) lower than the other (cv. Argentine IX). The efficiency of nitrogen translocation to the grain was significantly (P〈0.01) lower in a primitive, compared with four cereal forms of dicoccoides under both low and high levels of soil nitrogen. The cereal forms of dicoccoides, while similar in nitrogen translocation efficiency under low soil nitrogen as the lower translocation efficiency hexaploid (cv. Bencubbin), were significantly (P〈0.01) and substantially lower than it under the higher soil nitrogen level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021892
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The domestication and improvement of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 579-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Vigna unguiculata ; cowpea ; origin ; domestication ; evolution ; seed dispersal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Physiological and morphological characteristics of the two wild and three domesticated subspecies of cowpeas are compared. The wild accessions are alike in having small, hard seeds borne in dehiscent pods, but differ in other characteristics. We suggest that the wild subsp. dekindtiana, from the seasonally-arid tropics, is more likely to have been the progenitor of modern cowpeas than the other wild subspecies (subsp. mensensis), but that subsp. dekindtiana was first cultivated in the humid tropics where its pods are slow to dehisce. Domestication has been associated with changes in the structure of pod valves and seed coats which reduce pod dehiscence and seed hardness. Pods and seeds have increased in size, mainly by increases in the rate of dry weight accumulation, and their increase has been only partly paralleled by increase in the area of subtending leaves. There has been no increase in the maximum photosynthetic rate of leaves, but the duration of their photosynthetic activity has increased. Domesticates are less sensitive than are wild plants to some environmental controls, such as in the response of germination to temperature, but in their flowering responses to daylength both wild and cultivated forms retain sensitivity under conditions where this is of adaptive value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038783
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographical distribution of the DL1 and DL2 genes causing hybrid dwarfism in Phaseolus vulgaris L., their association with seed size, and their significance to breeding (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; common bean ; hybrid dwartism ; seed size ; growth habit ; crippled development ; sublethal development ; diallel cross ; evolution ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dwarlism in F1 hybrids has been observed in over 100 crosses of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. In each cross, one parent always had small seeds and the other parent either medium or la ge ones. This apparent incompatibility between the two groups of germplasm was controlled by two complementary, dominant genes: DL1 and DL2. Smallseeded bean lines carried gene DL1 and originated in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico; medium for large-seeded bean lines carried gene DL2 and were from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Turkey, The United States, and West Germany. Thes two genes have probably played an important role in the evolution of dry bean forms of different seed sizes by serving as a genetic barrier or isolating mechanism, thus limiting free genetic recombination between the two germplasm groups. Apparent differences in the adaptiveness and yielding ability of the two groups of bean germplasm, smallys, medium- and large-seeded, and some breeding implications for manipulation of the genes causing F1 hybrid dwarfism were also discovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021130
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and variation of gliadin proteins associated with pasta quality in durum wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer ; evolution ; B genome ; polymorphism ; wild tetraploid wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies were made of the presence and frequency of occurrence of gliadin bands 42 and 45 in three samples of Aegilops sharonensis Eig and 59 samples of wild tetraploid wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Korn.) from natural distributions of these species in Israel. Two samples of Ae. sharonensis possessed a band in position 45 and one possessed no bands corresponding to either band 45 or band 42. In T. dicoccoides, band 45 was either present or not and 42 was always absent. In its ‘grassy’ and intermediate growth habit forms, (believed to be more primitieve than the cercal forms) band 45 appeared to be more frequent than in the cereal form. The presence of band 45 in the Ae. sharonensis, and its relatively high frequency in T. dicoccoides, populations from Mt. Hermon (likely to be relatively free from introgression from cultivated tetraploid wheat) indicate the likelihood of a primary origin of the allele coding for band 45. The absence of band 42 from all Ae. sharonensis and T. dicoccoides populations in this study, indicates a more recent evolutionary origin of the allele coding for this band, possibly arising as a mutation during the domestication of tetraploid wheat. The results have implications for breeding programmes in tetraploid wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021124
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogeny of Vicia Subgenus Vicia (Fabaceae) Based on Analysis of RAPDs and RFLP of PCR-Amplified Chloroplast Genes (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 149-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: evolution ; genetic resources ; PCR-RFLP ; RAPDs ; Vicia ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of two methods of DNA analysis to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among 29 Vicia subgen. Vicia species in comparison with two species of subgenus Vicilla sect. Vicilla. The methods employed were RAPD analysis of total genomic DNA and PCR-RFLP analysis of five chloroplast genes, rbcL, rpoB, 16S, psaA and trnK. The results of each method were similar and complementary, and support the current taxonomic systems of subsp. Vicia. According to RAPD and PCR-RFLP analysis the Narbonensis complex can be considered a well separated section, which may be related to section Vicia. Sections Vicia, Atossa and Wiggersia are separate, but closely related sections. Species of the section Hypechusa form a single monophyletic section, where V. lutea, V. anatolica and V. hyrcanica are quite remote from other species. Our results suggest that within the subgenus Vicia, V. faba is more closely related to V. bithynica and that these two species are most closely related to section Peregrinae. We found that PCR-RFLP of cp DNA provided more precise information concerning relationships between Vicia sections than RAPD analysis. However, RAPD analysis was more informative concerning diversity of closely related Vicia taxa, such as the variable groups, section Narbonensis and V. sativa aggregate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008640322198
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fruit component analysis of south Pacific coconut palm populations (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Cocos nucifera ; diversity ; evolution ; germplasm ; genetic resources ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The south Pacific region contains a large genetic resource for the genetic improvement of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.). A study of the diversity in the species was made during 1992/3 using fruit component analysis on a representative sample from 29 distinct south Pacific populations in order to characterise the germplasm present in the region. A large diversity in fruit morphology was found that ranged from populations exhibiting wild-type characters in central Pacific to populations displaying domesticated characteristics in Rennell Island, the Sikaiana Islands, the Marquesas Islands, and in Papua New Guinea. Many populations exhibited fruit characteristics intermediate between the two, which were thought to have arisen due to introgressive hybridisation between the wild and domesticated populations. Continuous variation in fruit morphology was found in these populations, and cluster analysis arbitrarily divided the continuum into discrete groups which were consistent with geographic affinities. Groups were defined in Melanesia, Western Polynesia and Eastern Polynesia. The continuum displayed clinal variation from populations with small fruit and low husk content in the west to large fruit and more husk in the east of the region. The wild and domesticated populations were found in disjunct pockets throughout the area, and did not form part of the clines. Most populations consisted of a wide range of fruit morphology, from individuals expressing wild-type characters to those with domestic-type characters. The occurrence of both wild and domesticated populations within the clinal variation indicates that further exploration should be made to determine the presence of other potentially useful populations. While this activity is proceeding, collection and conservation can proceed using the classification already defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008652618350
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetic relationships between Avena insularis (2n=28) and both A. strigosa (2n=14) and A. murphyi (2n=28) (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 501-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: cytogenetics ; evolution ; interspecific hybrids ; oat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The newly discovered tetraploid oat Avena insularis was crossed with the diploid A. strigosa and the tetraploid A. murphyi. Considerably reduced chromosome association at meiosis and a low average number of chiasmata per cell of the A. strigosa × A. insularis hybrids indicated that the diploid A. strigosa did not participate in the creation of A. insularis. From A. murphyi, A. insularis differed by four chromosomal rearrangements and the hybrids between them were sterile. The tetraploids A. magna, A. murphyi and A. insularis share the two to four floret large diaspore, which is adapted to heavy alluvial soil. They all, however, diverge from one another by four chromosomal rearrangements. At this point it is not possible to determine whether they have diverged from a single tetraploid progenitor, or developed from different diploid species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008728316354
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation and phylogeny of the triploid cultivated potatoSolanum chaucha Juz. et Buk. based on RAPD and isozyme markers (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 373-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: evolution ; genetic distance ; isozymes ; RAM ; Solanum chaucha ; varietal classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ninety four accessions of the cultivated triploid potatoS. chaucha were analyzed and classified in genotypic groups using 9 isozyme loci and RAPD markers disclosed by 20 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Eight isozyme loci out of nine were polymorphic. A total of 22 allozymes were analyzed but none of them were specific for any genotypic group. About half (52%) of the 102 RAPD markers scored, were polymorphic, all of them showing polymorphism among groups and rarely within groups. Eighteen RAPD markers were specific for certain genotypes. The isozyme markers showed a certain amount of intra group variation which made classification less reliable than with RAPD markers. A total of 10 triploid genetic groups were discriminated using both techniques together. A single primer was found to be sufficient to distinguish all 10 groups. All varieties of a single group are considered to have been derived from the same cross and then clonally propagated, even though there is a high amount of morphological variation within a single genotypic group due probably to somatic mutations. RAPD markers have been shown to be more reliable in the classification of triploid potato varieties than other genetic markers like isozymes, proteins and morphological traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02432142
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How much biodiversity is enough? (1999)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 45 (1999), S. 23-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agriculture ; evolution ; functional mimicry ; natural ecosystems ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the question of how much biodiversity is enough in the context of the concept of agriculture as a mimic of nature. Following an historical review of the likely origins of ecosystems I show that the currently accepted components of biodiversity, viz. genetic, species and ecosystem, and their functional expression, are relevant to agriculture. Examples of adequate biodiversity are given and it is concluded that what constitutes enough biodiversity in an agricultural system is dependent upon the goal in question and will be different depending on whether the aim is, for example, to increase yield stability or deal with salinity, ground water levels, soil erosion, leaching of nutrients or weed control. The point is made that ecosystems and their composition are contingent in nature so the history of events, their frequency and intensity all need to be considered when interpreting the natural biodiversity present and thus determining what is enough in particular circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006203318425
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