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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight among Phaseolus Species and Common Bean Improvement (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 80-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is highly susceptible to common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye. High levels of cultivar resistance would minimize yield losses, reduce bactericide use and production costs, and facilitate integrated disease-and-crop management and the production and distribution of pathogen-free seed. We aimed to (i) assess the levels of CBB resistance of different Phaseolus species in the tropics, (ii) determine the CBB reaction of resistant cultivars and advanced breeding lines, and (iii) report on CBB resistance of lines developed from P. vulgaris × P. acutifolius (tepary bean) hybridization and gene pyramiding at CIAT. Between 1994 and 1998, we evaluated, in the field, 162 accessions of tepary, scarlet runner (P. coccineus), lima (P. lunatus), and common beans, 119 CBB-resistant cultivars and advanced breeding lines of common bean, and six lines recently developed by interspecific hybridization and gene pyramiding. For inoculation, we used aspersion, surgical blades, and/or multiple needles. The highest levels (scores of 1.2-2.0) of CBB resistance were found in P. acutifolius accessions, G40029 and G40156, followed by P. lunatus (scores of 4.2-6.2), P. coccineus (scores of 4.8-5.5), and P. vulgaris (scores of 4.5-6.4). Resistance available in P. coccineus and P. vulgaris landraces has already been transferred for common bean. But resistance transferred from P. acutifolius was much lower (scores of 3.8-4.5) than those available. Gene pyramiding produced lines with high CBB resistance (scores of 1.5-2.4), and is thus, a suitable method for developing CBB-resistant cultivars of different market classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamete Selection for Upright Carioca Bean with Resistance to Five Diseases and a Leafhopper (1998)
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 666-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: 1 -derived families that come from crosses that are multiple-parent, heterogeneous, and heterogametic) to develop upright carioca-type beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) with resistance to angular leaf spot (ALS), anthracnose (ANT), bean common mosaic (BCM), bean golden mosaic (BGM), common bacterial blight (CBB), and leafhopper (LHP). Two multiple-parent, interracial crosses (BZ 9780 and GX 9792) were made, using plant-to-plant pollinations, in 1990–1991. The F1-derived F2 (F1.2 families were evaluated for ALS and CBB, and F1.3 families for ANT and LHP. In F4, carioca-type seeds from promising families were saved. The F1.4 families were then evaluated for BGM. All 127 F1.2 families from BZ 9780 were discarded by F4 because none segregated for six resistances and possessed carioca-type seeds. Of the GX 9792 population, 260 F5-derived F9 (F5.9) lines, originating from only 12 of 460 F1.2families, were evaluated for ALS, ANT, BCM, BGM, CBB, and LHP. Six parents, eight checks, and 86 F5.9 lines resistant to at least ANT, BCM, and CBB were tested for yield in seven environments in 1995–1996, using a partially balanced lattice design with three replicates. Only eight lines, originating from four of the 460 F1.2 families, possessed resistance to all five diseases and LHP. Of these lines, one outyielded the check cultivar Carioca, and that line with one other outyielded the two carioca-type parents (A 769 and EMP 250) used in the GX 9792 populations. Thus, the use of gamete selection and early generation testing was effective in developing high-yielding upright lines with resistance to multiple biotic stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Cycles of Recurrent Selection for Seed Yield in Common Bean (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 391-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can be improved by exploiting the genetic variability available in the crop's cultivated races and gene pools. The objectives of this study were to (i) compare yield gains obtained through two cycles of recurrent selection, based on S1family tests, in two types of populations [interracial Middle American (MA) and inter-gene-pool Andean × Middle American (AMA)], and (ii) estimate genetic variance, heritability, and expected gains from selection. The MA population comprised 11 parents from race Mesoamerica, three from Jalisco (Mexico), and two from Durango (Mexico). The AMA population had six parents from race Mesoamerica, one from Jalisco, five from Nueva Granada (northern Andes), and two from Chile (also Andean). From the initial cycle (C0) of each population, 45 S2families were evaluated at three locations in Colombia in 1992 to select the 10 highest yielding families to be intermated in a diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) to generate 45 S1families for cycle 1 (C1). Similarly, 45 S1families from C1 and cycle 2 (C2) were evaluated in 1993 and 1995 respectively. The 10 highest yielding selected families from each of C0 ,C1, and C2 and a corresponding bulk of all 45 S1families from each of the three cycles were evaluated at three sites in 1997. Data were recorded for seed yield, seed weight, and maturity. Genetic variance among 45 S1families in C1 and C2 was greater in the AMA population than in the MA, diminishing from C1 to C2 in MA and increasing in AMA. Heritability for seed yield ranged from 0.31 to 0.46, for seed weight from 0.75 to 0.86, and for maturity from 0.50 to 0.81. Expected gains from selection for seed yield was lower (3-4%) in C2 compared with C1 (7.9-13.2.%). The mean yields of C0, C1, and C2 of the MA were significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher than those of the AMA. The C2 of both MA and AMA out yielded their respective C1 and C0families. The average realized yield gain per selection cycle was 15% or higher in both populations. These results justify the use of recurrent selection in interracial and inter-gene-pool populations for improving seed yield of common bean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; common bean ; bean golden mosaic virus ; resistance sources ; general combining ability ; genetics ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetics of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) was studied in an 8×8 complete diallel cross of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. The 28F1 hybrids, their reciprocals, and eight parents were artificially inoculated with BGMV under glasshouse conditions. Data were recorded and analyzed for foliar yellowing, plant dwarfing, flower abortion, and pod formation, using a randomized complete block design with two replications. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were highly significant (P〈0.01) and larger than values for specific combining ability for all traits. Reciprocal and maternal effects were nonsignificant. Cultivars Royal Red and Alubia Cerrillos possessed significant negative and positive GCA for all traits, respectively. Porrillo Sintetico also had negative GCA for all traits except plant dwarfing. None of the GCA effects were significant for Great Northern 31 and PVA 1111. Positive associations existed among all traits studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021323
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources and inheritance of earliness in tropically adapted indeterminate common bean (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; common bean ; early maturity ; inheritance ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nineteen early maturing, indeterminate common bean parents were crossed with a tester line of normal maturity. All parents, F1 hybrids, F2's, and backcross generations were evaluated at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia. All 19F1 populations flowered and matured almost as early as the respective early parent (mean of 61 vs 59 days). The F2 populations were slightly less early (63 days), but were still earlier than the mean of the two parents (65 days). Additive effects for days to maturity were usually larger than dominance or interaction effects. Narrow sense heritability for days to flower and maturity were high (greater than 0.67), while heritabilities of absolute and relative duration of pod filling were low (0.17 to 0.50). Also, our data indicated that for each day of increase in earliness, yield potential will decrease 74 kg/ha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022554
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographical distribution of the DL1 and DL2 genes causing hybrid dwarfism in Phaseolus vulgaris L., their association with seed size, and their significance to breeding (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; common bean ; hybrid dwartism ; seed size ; growth habit ; crippled development ; sublethal development ; diallel cross ; evolution ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dwarlism in F1 hybrids has been observed in over 100 crosses of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. In each cross, one parent always had small seeds and the other parent either medium or la ge ones. This apparent incompatibility between the two groups of germplasm was controlled by two complementary, dominant genes: DL1 and DL2. Smallseeded bean lines carried gene DL1 and originated in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico; medium for large-seeded bean lines carried gene DL2 and were from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Turkey, The United States, and West Germany. Thes two genes have probably played an important role in the evolution of dry bean forms of different seed sizes by serving as a genetic barrier or isolating mechanism, thus limiting free genetic recombination between the two germplasm groups. Apparent differences in the adaptiveness and yielding ability of the two groups of bean germplasm, smallys, medium- and large-seeded, and some breeding implications for manipulation of the genes causing F1 hybrid dwarfism were also discovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021130
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of recurrent and congruity backcrossing for interracial hybridization in common bean (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 81 (1995), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: common bean ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; interracial hybridization ; recurrent and congruity backcrossing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars were used for recurrent backcrossing (i.e., repeated backcrossing to one of the parents) to both parents independently and for congruity backcrossing (i.e., backcrossing alternately to both parents). One cultivar, ‘ICA Pijao’ of race Mesoamerica, was late maturing, with erect type II growth habit and small seeds. The other was ‘Pinto UI 114’ of race Durango, an early maturing cultivar with prostrate type III growth habit and medium seeds. One to three recurrent backcrosses (RBC) to both parents, and two rounds of congruity backcrosses (CBC), were made. Thirty-two random lines from each method along with two parents were compared in a reps-in-set design at two locations (Popayán and Quilichao) in Colombia in 1992–1993. Differences between lines derived through different methods were found for seed yield, 100-seed weight, days to maturity, growth habit, and seed color pattern. The RBC to ICA Pijao produced lines with relatively higher seed yield, smaller seed size, and delayed maturity. Similarly, the RBC to Pinto UI 114 produced lines with reduced yield, medium seed size, and earlier maturity. All lines from one, two, and three RBC to Pinto UI 114 had type III growth habit. While most lines from the RBC to ICA Pijao had erect type II Growth habit, a few type III lines were also found in all the RBC. The lines derived from the CBC mostly possessed yield, maturity, and seed characteristics between those of the two parents and lines derived from RBC to both parents independently. They also had more variation for growth habit. To maximize recombination between and retention of desirable traits from distantly related parents used in interracial crosses, use of the CBC is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022455
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breeding for resistance to bean golden mosaic virus in an interracial population of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: common bean ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; bean golden mosaic virus ; selection ; interracial population ; recombinant inbreds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Eighty-three F2-derived F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) randomly selected from a population (TY 8419) of two common bean genotypes (Pinto UI 114 x ICA Pijao), the two parents, and a control cultivar (Topcrop) were screened for their reaction to bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) under glasshouse conditions. A randomized complete block design with two replications was used. Data were recorded for disease incidence, foliar yellowing, number of pods and seeds, and yield. Significant (P〈0.05) differences among the 83 RILs were recorded for all traits. Of these RILs, 11 lines did not develop any symptom, 24 lines had a mean disease incidence of 8%, 28 lines had a disease incidence of 26.6% and developed intermediate mosaic symptoms, and 20 lines were more susceptible (〉50% disease incidence and severe yellowing) than either of the parents, which had 25% to 38% disease incidence and moderate symptoms. Heritability for disease incidence was 0.54±0.01, for foliar yellowing 0.36±0.13, for pods plant-1 0.69±0.01, for seeds plant-1 0.54±0.09, and for yield plant-1 0.49±0.01. Gains from selection (at 20% selection pressure) for these traits were 49.5%, 31.6%, 24%, 0%, and 20%, respectively, over the mean value of all RILs. Correlation coefficients between disease incidence and foliar yellowing and among yield and its components were positive. Disease incidence and foliar yellowing showed negative associations with yield and its components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022725
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-and intraracial hybridization and selection for seed yield in early generations of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 81 (1995), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: common bean ; early generation yield test ; gains from selection ; heritability ; heterosis ; inter-and intraracial hybrids ; Phaseolus vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five parents from each of four race groups of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were hybridized to produce five crosses within each group. Also, five crosses were made for each of the six possible combinations among four groups. Parents, F1 and F2, and parents, F2 and F3 were evaluated for seed yield in 1990 and 1991, respecitively, at two locations in Colombia. Yield of parents belonging to Middle American races and crosses among them was higher than that of races of Andean origin. Positive correlations were found among the mid-parent value, F1, F2 and F3. Also, the mid-parent value predicted the mean seed yield of all possible lines that could be derived from the F∞-generation in 42 out of 47 crosses. Four crosses, all between common bean races of Andean and Middle American origin, indicated a possible loss of favorable epistatic parental alleles. On average, mean yield of interracial F1 hybrids was higher than that of intraracial ones. Positive heteroris (26.4%–123.8%) over the mid-parent in 31 crosses, and F1s yielding higher (23.7%–91.8%) than the high parent in 20 crosses and yielding higher (22.1%–53.2%) than the highest control among all parents (MAM 13) in 12 crosses, were found. Heritability, estimated by the parent-offspring regression, ranged from 0.42± 0.07 to 0.49±0.04. Expected and realized gains from selection (at 20% selection pressure) ranged from 10.3% to 21.0% over the mean of F1 hybrids and F2 and F3 population bulks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025424
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of plant density on selection for seed yield in two population types of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 51 (1990), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; common bean ; selection for seed yield ; early generation yield test ; plant density ; races of common bean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pedigree selection for seed yield, using early generation yield tests, was practiced from the F2 to F7 in two populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in three plant densities: 66, 133, and 266 thousand plants ha-1 at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia. The six highest yielding lines selected from each plant-density, along with 13 parents, were evaluated in a 7×7 lattice design with three replications at the three densities utilized for selection, and at 399,000 plants ha-1 in 1988 and 1989. Based on the mean performance of selected lines and the mean of the parents, selection for seed yield was effective in all densities in both populations. However, none of the lines selected from the population within the race Mesoamerica (TC 4673) significantly outyielded their best parent under any plant density. The highest yielding lines selected from the interracial population (TR 4635) outyielded their best parent irrespective of the plant-density used for selection. The highest yielding line originated from the highest density used for selection. Low density was neither good for selection nor for evaluation and identification of high-yielding cultivars of common bean. There was no significant difference between the mean yield of lines selected at the intermediate and high population densities. The effects of plant density, year, and their interactions were significant for seed yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022448
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