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  • Female  (1,205)
  • Base Sequence  (561)
  • Rats, Inbred Strains
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,793)
  • 1995-1999  (963)
  • 1980-1984  (830)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,793)
  • Springer  (1)
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Year
  • 1
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    Sex determination in malaria parasites (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: A century ago, W. G. MacCallum identified distinct male and female forms in malaria parasites of both birds and humans. Since then, scientists have been puzzled by the high female-to-male ratios of parasites in Plasmodium infections and by the mechanism of sex determination. The sex ratio of malaria parasites was shown to become progressively more male as conditions that allow motility and subsequent fertilization by the male parasites become adverse. This resulted from an increased immune response against male gametes, which coincides with intense host erythropoietic activity. Natural and artificial induction of erythropoiesis in vertebrate hosts provoked a shift toward male parasite production. This change in parasite sex ratio led to reduced reproductive success in the parasite, which suggests that sex determination is adaptive and is regulated by the hematologic state of the host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paul, R E -- Coulson, T N -- Raibaud, A -- Brey, P T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):128-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire des Insectes, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. topotito@pasteur.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/parasitology ; Animals ; Chickens ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; *Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/pharmacology ; Female ; Malaria/*blood/*parasitology ; Malaria, Avian/blood/parasitology ; Male ; Mice ; Plasmodium/growth & development/*physiology ; Plasmodium gallinaceum/growth & development/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Reproduction ; Reticulocytes/parasitology ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Protein interaction mapping in C. elegans using proteins involved in vulval development (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: Protein interaction mapping using large-scale two-hybrid analysis has been proposed as a way to functionally annotate large numbers of uncharacterized proteins predicted by complete genome sequences. This approach was examined in Caenorhabditis elegans, starting with 27 proteins involved in vulval development. The resulting map reveals both known and new potential interactions and provides a functional annotation for approximately 100 uncharacterized gene products. A protein interaction mapping project is now feasible for C. elegans on a genome-wide scale and should contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms in this organism and in human diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walhout, A J -- Sordella, R -- Lu, X -- Hartley, J L -- Temple, G F -- Brasch, M A -- Thierry-Mieg, N -- Vidal, M -- 1 R21 CA81658 A 01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1 RO1 HG01715-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):116-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Genes, Helminth ; Genetic Vectors ; *Genome ; Helminth Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phenotype ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/genetics/metabolism ; *Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Vulva/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Cell surgery (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Dystrophin/biosynthesis ; Female ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Cholesterol-lowering drugs may boost bones (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1825-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents/*pharmacology ; Bone Density/*drug effects ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/biosynthesis ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Lovastatin/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Osteogenesis/*drug effects ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Rats ; Simvastatin/pharmacology ; *Transforming Growth Factor beta
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Gene skews patterns of inheritance (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Male ; Mice ; Protein Kinases/*genetics/metabolism ; Sperm Motility/*genetics ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Breast cancer genes and DNA repair (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venkitaraman, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK. arv22@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; BRCA1 Protein/*metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein ; Breast/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: West Nile (WN) virus, a mosquito-transmitted virus native to Africa, Asia, and Europe, was isolated from two species of mosquitoes, Culex pipiens and Aedes vexans, and from brain tissues of 28 American crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and one Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii, in Connecticut. A portion of the genome of virus isolates from four different hosts was sequenced and analyzed by comparative phylogenetic analysis. Our isolates from Connecticut were similar to one another and most closely related to two WN isolates from Romania (2.8 and 3.6 percent difference). If established in North America, WN virus will likely have severe effects on human health and on the health of populations of birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, J F -- Andreadis, T G -- Vossbrinck, C R -- Tirrell, S -- Wakem, E M -- French, R A -- Garmendia, A E -- Van Kruiningen, H J -- P01-AI-30548/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2331-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Department of Soil and Water, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Post Office Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA. john.f.anderson@po.state.ct.us〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/virology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/*virology ; Brain/*virology ; Connecticut/epidemiology ; Culex/virology ; Culicidae/*virology ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*virology ; Phylogeny ; Raptors/virology ; Romania ; Songbirds/virology ; West Nile Fever/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; West Nile virus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: In late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. Complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (E-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species including mosquitoes and two fatal human cases, revealed that West Nile (WN) virus circulated in natural transmission cycles and was responsible for the human disease. Antigenic mapping with E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and E-glycoprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed these viruses as WN. This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanciotti, R S -- Roehrig, J T -- Deubel, V -- Smith, J -- Parker, M -- Steele, K -- Crise, B -- Volpe, K E -- Crabtree, M B -- Scherret, J H -- Hall, R A -- MacKenzie, J S -- Cropp, C B -- Panigrahy, B -- Ostlund, E -- Schmitt, B -- Malkinson, M -- Banet, C -- Weissman, J -- Komar, N -- Savage, H M -- Stone, W -- McNamara, T -- Gubler, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2333-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. rsl2@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; Birds/virology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/classification/genetics ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; New England/epidemiology ; New York City/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Songbirds/virology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/veterinary/*virology ; West Nile virus/*classification/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Postnatal sex reversal of the ovaries in mice lacking estrogen receptors alpha and beta (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: Mice lacking estrogen receptors alpha and beta were generated to clarify the roles of each receptor in the physiology of estrogen target tissues. Both sexes of alphabeta estrogen receptor knockout (alphabetaERKO) mutants exhibit normal reproductive tract development but are infertile. Ovaries of adult alphabetaERKO females exhibit follicle transdifferentiation to structures resembling seminiferous tubules of the testis, including Sertoli-like cells and expression of Mullerian inhibiting substance, sulfated glycoprotein-2, and Sox9. Therefore, loss of both receptors leads to an ovarian phenotype that is distinct from that of the individual ERKO mutants, which indicates that both receptors are required for the maintenance of germ and somatic cells in the postnatal ovary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couse, J F -- Hewitt, S C -- Bunch, D O -- Sar, M -- Walker, V R -- Davis, B J -- Korach, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2328-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Cell Differentiation ; Clusterin ; *Disorders of Sex Development ; Estradiol/physiology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glycoproteins/analysis ; Growth Inhibitors/analysis ; High Mobility Group Proteins/analysis ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Molecular Chaperones ; Ovary/*anatomy & histology/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/*physiology ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; Seminiferous Tubules/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Sertoli Cells/cytology ; Signal Transduction ; Testicular Hormones/analysis ; Testis/anatomy & histology/cytology/growth & development/physiology ; Transcription Factors/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Cognitive modularity and genetic disorders (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: This study challenges the use of adult neuropsychological models for explaining developmental disorders of genetic origin. When uneven cognitive profiles are found in childhood or adulthood, it is assumed that such phenotypic outcomes characterize infant starting states, and it has been claimed that modules subserving these abilities start out either intact or impaired. Findings from two experiments with infants with Williams syndrome (a phenotype selected to bolster innate modularity claims) indicate a within-syndrome double dissociation: For numerosity judgments, they do well in infancy but poorly in adulthood, whereas for language, they perform poorly in infancy but well in adulthood. The theoretical and clinical implications of these results could lead to a shift in focus for studies of genetic disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paterson, S J -- Brown, J H -- Gsodl, M K -- Johnson, M H -- Karmiloff-Smith, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2355-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurocognitive Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London WC1N 1EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Down Syndrome/genetics/physiopathology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Mathematics ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Phenotype ; Vocabulary ; Williams Syndrome/genetics/*physiopathology/psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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