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  • Articles  (145)
  • Solanum tuberosum L.  (145)
  • Springer  (145)
  • 1995-1999  (125)
  • 1985-1989  (20)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (145)
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  • Articles  (145)
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  • Springer  (145)
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  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (145)
  • Biology  (13)
  • Geosciences  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of mineral nitrogen in soils supporting potato crops (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 36-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil nitrogen ; Immobilisation ; Mineralisation ; Nitrification ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Plant effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Following application of fertiliser-N to the seedbed of potato crops, concentrations of extracted mineral-N were up to 3 times greater than would be anticipated by calculation. The rates at which both NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N apparently appeared and disappeared in the soil solution were, at various times, also much greater than could be attributable to any transformations resulting from microbial activity. This suggests that the involvement of other factors in this phenomenon must be considered. The effect of certain physical parameters such as water movement, resulting from capillary action and evaporation from the soil surface, may be implicated. We suggest that soil microbes are not directly involved in the early fate of fertiliser-N, primarily due to C-limitation in arable soils. N dynamics in fertilised potato systems require further studies targeting the relationships between nutrient concentrations in soil solution and mass flow of soil water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336344
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diel changes in tuber volume (1988)
    Springer
    Potato research 31 (1988), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber growth ; bulking ; diurnal periodicity ; circadian rhythm ; water movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The long-term and short-term changes in volume of tubers from plants grown under controlled conditions, when assessed by an accurate, non-destructive tuber-volume meter, showed sigmoid increases in volume. The diel changes were remarkable: the rate of volume increase was very high shortly after the onset of the dark phase, but it declined sharply directly after the onset of the light phase; it was much faster during the night than during the day, especially in the later stages of growth. The nocturnal rate of volume increase was greatest when the tubers showed their greatest overall rate of growth. The daytime increases in volume were fastest during the early stages of tuber development. The key process underlying these phenomena seems to be the movement of water out of and into the tuber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360029
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of inoculum source and irrigation on black dot disease of potatoes (Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes) and its development during storage (1988)
    Springer
    Potato research 31 (1988), S. 493-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: seed tuber rotting ; stem infection ; root infection ; tuber washing ; prochloraz treatment ; storage temperature ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In 1985 and 1986 plots were planted with seed tubers affected with black dot and with healthy seed inoculated or not with cultures ofColletotrichum coccodes at planting. Half the plots were irrigated from shoot emergence to the end of July. Seed tubers rotted more often when they were diseased than when they were not and rotting was increased by irrigation; by contrast, up to 18 weeks after planting irrigation decreased infection of stem-bases, roots and tubers. Tuber infection, first recorded in July, increased throughout the season and most rapidly from September, when the irrigation applied earlier increased disease. Soil-applied inoculum gave most disease in both years and tubers from healthy seed gave least in 1986 but as much as from diseased seed in 1985. Incidence and severity of black dot increased more during storage at 15°C than at 5°C and only on unwashed tubers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357887
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic interactions betweenRhizoctonia solani Kühn,Verticillium dahliae Kleb.,Meloidogyne spp. andPratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Chitwood & Oteifa, in potato (1989)
    Springer
    Potato research 32 (1989), S. 387-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: cropping frequency ; fungi ; Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al ; Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood ; nematode ; rotation ; soil-borne pathogens ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Samples of a sandy soil and a marine clay soil sterilized by steam were put in 55-1 containers insulated with polystyrene and placed outdoors on a brick pavement. Sandy soil was infested singly or in all possible combinations with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and the fungiRhizoctonia solani andVerticillium dahliae, and the marine clay soil was infested with the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus neglectus and the same fungi to evaluate the effects of these organisms on the yield of potato. The experiments were carried out from 1983 to 1986. Tuber yield was reduced by single infestations of theMeloidogyne spp. andV. dahliae but not significantly byR. solani orP. neglectus. A three-factor interaction: nematode ×R. solani × V. dahliae was found in both experiments.R. solani andV. dahliae showed significant synergistic effects when soil was infested with theMeloidogyne spp. orP. neglectus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357852
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of resistance toFusarium spp. of glasshouse-and field-grown tuber progenies of potato (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: disease screening ; progeny test ; Fusarium coeruleum ; Fusarium sulphureum ; Gibberella pulicaris ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field-grown tubers of 22 progenies ofSolanum tuberosum L. generated in a crossing programme involving seven parents differing in resistance toFusarium coeruleum Lib. ex Sacc. andF. sulphureum Schlect. (=F. sambucinum Fuckel, teleomorphGibberella pulicaris (Fr.) Sacc.) were wound-inoculated with a cornmeal + sand culture of each pathogen. Parental genotypes were also included. The mean lesion size of each progeny was compared in 2 years of tests, as well as with published data on glasshouse-grown tubers. ForF. coeruleum there was a high correlation between years as well as with the glasshouse data, but no such correlations were apparent withG. pulicaris. Furthermore, parental and GCA values, as well as progeny means and mid-parent scores, also correlated highly forF. coeruleum but not forG. pulicaris. Glasshouse-grown tubers of 11 wildSolanum spp. were also inoculated with both pathogens. Some resistance to one or other, or both, was apparent, particularly inS. chacoense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357739
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of potato wart susceptibility testing in Scotland (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: wart disease ; inoculation ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Synchytrium endobioticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sprouts of cvs Arran Chief, Pentland Kappa and Golden Wonder were inoculated with fresh wart tissue using the Glynne-Lemmerzahl (GL) method and results of tests carried out using five different incubation regimes were compared. When tubers of Arran Chief and Pentland Kappa were incubated uncovered in the light. rotting of sprouts was reduced and there was more extensive development of summer sporangia. Similar results were obtained on a range of cultivars when inoculations were done using summer or winter spores. Winter spores, which germinate freely in distilled water, can readily be extracted from dried rotted wart tissue to provide a reliable and continuous supply of inoculum. At the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency, wart susceptibility testing using the GL method has been done with winter spores since 1987.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357741
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in potato starch quality during growth (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Amylose ; cultivar ; glucose-6-phosphate ; granule size ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato starch quality parameters (amylose concentration, glucose-6-phosphate content and granule size) were analyzed in relation to the harvesting date and tuber size of four cultivars. A significant increase in the glucose-6-phosphate content and granule size of starch was observed during tuber growth, whereas the amylose concentration was constant. Granule size increased markedly, whereas glucose-6-phosphate content showed slightly increasing values with increasing tuber size. Amylose concentration showed no correlation with tuber size. We conclude that the changes in the granule size, glucose-6-phosphate and amylose content of potato starch during growth are independent of each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil survival and thiabendazole sensitivity ofHelminthosporium solani isolates from Alberta, Canada (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Silver scurf ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Mertect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Survival of the pathogen causing silver scurf of potato (Helminthosporium solani) in Alberta soils was studied by evaluatingH. solani infection in the progeny ofH. solani-free nuclear seed potato tubers planted in fields where potatoes had never been grown or were grown 1, 2, 3, or 4 years previously. Daughter tubers from all the fields developed silver scurf lesions, andH. solani was isolated from infected tubers. This is the first report of survival ofH. solani in Alberta soils. Soil-borne inoculum appears to have a role in the epidemiology of the disease and in the introduction of the pathogen into silver scurf-free potato seed stock. Of 31 plant species tested, only potato was found to be a host ofH. solani. Most of theH. solani isolates from north central Alberta were more sensitive to thiabendazole than those from southern Alberta, where thiabendazole is much more commonly used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a short period of drought on changes in tuber volume and specific leaf weight. I. Long-term changes (1989)
    Springer
    Potato research 32 (1989), S. 245-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber growth ; leaf growth ; water movement ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Single-stemmed potato plants, cv. Bintje, were grown on a nutrient solution under controlled conditions. They were exposed to a short drought stress, or remained untreated. Long-term measurements of tuber volume were carried out with a non-destructive volume-meter. Specific leaf weight was monitored with a β-gauge. Tubers from the same plant varied in rate and duration of growth. The relative growth of stressed tubers was 43–54% less than that of the control tubers. The hierarchy of tubers from one stem changed over time in plants that were exposed to the stress. Specific leaf weight declined during the stress period but there was a prompt recovery after the relief from drought. This response was similar to the response of the average rate of volume increase of the tuber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357836
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of planting date and inoculum level on incidence and severity of powdery scab on potato (1989)
    Springer
    Potato research 32 (1989), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Spongospora subterranea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Powdery scab incidence and severity was examined on six potato cultivars planted at two different dates in a naturally infested field. There were two sub-plots; one where seed was exposed prior to planting to spores ofSpongospora subterranea from scabby peels, which were then added to the furrow at planting, and another where seed was exposed only to natural inoculum within the field. The later planting data reduced incidence and severity, but there were no differences between sub-plots. All cultivars became infected, but ‘Rosa’ was the most susceptible and ‘Katahdin’ the most resistant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358496
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening tuber-bearingSolanum spp. for resistance toGlobodera rostochiensis Ro1 Woll. andG. pallida Pa2/3 stone (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; cyst nematodes ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Accessions of tuber-bearingSolanum spp. related toS. tuberosum subsp.tuberosum were obtained from the German-Dutch collection (Braunschweig, Germany) and the Inter-regional potato collection (Sturgeon Bay, USA). They were screened for resistance toG. rostochiensis Rol andG. pallida Pa2/3. Among 1567 clones from 52 accessions, 135 clones (23 accessions) were resistant toG. rostochiensis. They mainly representedS. andigena, gourlayi, spegazzinii andvernei. Among 1689 clones (74 accessions), 105 clones (32 accessions) were resistant toG. pallida. They representedS. gourlayi, spegazzinii, sparsipilum andvernei. About 25 clones were resistant to both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359906
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological effects of calonyctin on development and yield of potato (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: senescence ; protein ; chlorophyll ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Calonyction aculeatum (L.) ; House
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Foliar sprays of calonyctin, a natural plant growth regulator extracted from the leaves ofCalonyction aculeatum (L.) House, at a concentration 0.05 activity units, increased the tuber yield of six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars by 7–19% (mean 15%) during 1993 and 1994. Physiological differences between calonyctin-treated and untreated potato plants were usually detected 30–40 days after spraying them with calonyctin. The chlorophyll content of treated potato leaves increased, and the chlorophyll a:b ratio decreased. By 40 days after treatment the root oxidizability and soluble protein contents of different parts of the plants also increased. Their subsequent decline as the plants aged was inhibited by calonyctin. It is concluded that calonyctin delayed the senescence of potato plants and increased tuber growth at later stages of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358207
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of water stress on the yielding capacity of potato crops and subsequent performance of seed tubers (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 153-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber size ; stem number ; physiological age ; dormancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of water stress on yielding capacity of potatoes was studied in 3 years using four different levels of soil water potential (0.7, 1.9, 3.4 and 7.8 atm.) in experiments in specially adapted structures that excluded uncontrolled water supply. Seed tubers from these crops were planted in the following years to investigate effects of water stress on their subsequent performance. Limited soil moisture availability decreased yield and the number and size of tubers. The growing period was shortened by 1–4 weeks and dormancy period by 2–8 weeks. In the following year, seed produced under conditions of moisture stress gave plants with 20% fewer stems. 24–33% less yield, 18–22% fewer tubers and 19–22% fewer large tubers than plants from seed produced under abundant water supply. It is concluded that the yield potential of seed tubers can be improved by careful attention to the availability of soil moisture during their production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358215
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction toPhytophthora infestans of potato genotypes with race-specific resistance (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: virulence ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Phytophthora infestans isolates collected in Poland in 1987–1995 were evaluated on detached leaflets of a differential series consisting of potato genotypes possessing resistance genes R1–R11. On the same differentials was evaluated over three years a highly virulentP. infestans isolate MP 245. Isolate MP 245 and those from natural populations ofP. infestans were seldom or inconsistently pathogenic to R5, R8 and R9. When leaflets of the differentials were infected with MP 245 the lesions were often small and sporulation weak. A statistically significant interaction was found between years and pathogenicity of MP 245 to individual differentials. Attempts to train the isolate MP 245 for pathogenicity to R9 were unsuccessful. The variation in specific resistance of potato genotypes may complicate the evaluation of their resistance toP. infestans, as well as the evaluation of the virulence spectrum of natural fungus populations. This variation may be due to changes in specific pathogenicity of the fungus or in specific resistance of the potato. Some differentials have a possibly useful resistance toP. infestans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360912
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Susceptibility toPhytophthora infestans of field-and glass-house-grown potato tubers (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; disease screening ; late blight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Tests for resistance toPhytophthora infestans were done twice in each of 2 years on field- and glasshouse-grown tubers of ten cultivars. The cultivar rankings, were almost identical for the means of the four glasshouse tests and the means of the four field tests. However, for the field tests but not for the glasshouse tests there were cultivar x harvest date and cultivar x year interactions. It is concluded that resistance can be assessed on glasshouse-grown tubers and that such assessments should prove more consistent over years than those done on field-grown tubers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360920
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations into skin strength in potatoes: factors affecting skin adhesion strength (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: scuff meter ; skin structure ; suberin ; haulm destruction ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A standardised test of skin set (scuff meter) has been used to demonstrate the increase in skin adhesion of six varieties following haulm destruction. Increases in skin adhesion were characteristically linear in the six varieties but increased at different rates. At 49 days after haulm destruction, skin adhesion strengths were similar in all varieties except cv. Record which had a much greater skin adhesion strength. Differences in skin adhesion strength were poorly related to skin morphological characteristics such as skin thickness, cell size and suberin content. The method of haulm destruction affected skin adhesion strength with skins adhering more rapidly and more strongly to the tuber following haulm pulling compared with either desiccation with diquat or mechanical flailing. The method of haulm destruction did not influence skin morphological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360923
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grids in groud cover measurements (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 533-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: radiation ; interception ; light ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two methods for measuring the proportion of crop ground cover were compared. Both employed a rectangular grid of cords fitted in a frame at regular distances. One was based on the proportion of rectangles in which green area occupied more than half, and the other was based on the proportion of intersects coinciding with green area. The second method was accurate under all circumstances. Whereas the first method was found to give biased records when the smallest details in the canopy were small compared to the grid cell size. A theoretical estimate of the standard error of the intersect method was derived for homogeneous canopies and confirmed by experimental data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358472
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Glycoalkaloid accumulation during tuber development of early potato cultivars (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: α-solanine ; α-chaconine ; C:S ratio ; glycoalkaloid content ; tuber size ; individual tubers ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Plants of early potato cultivars were sampled at successive harvests during tuber development and individual tubers were analysed for α-solanine and α-chaconine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Mean tuber total glycoalkaloid concentration (α-solanine plus α-chaconine) per plant decreased with time and statistically significant differences between cultivars were observed in the patterns of decline during tuber growth. The mean tuber ratio of α-chaconine to α-solanine increased during tuber development and was also affected by genotype. Total glycoalkaloid concentration for individual tubers of marketable sizes (up to 50 g fresh weight) exceeded the safety limit of 20 mg per 100 g fresh weight for cultivars Home Guard and British Queen but not for Rocket. These differences were attributable to differences in both rates and patterns of glycoalkaloid accumulation during tuber development, although in all cultivars results were consistent with glycoalkaloid accumulation occurring in the expanding peripheral cell layers of tubers for a considerable period after tuber initiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358434
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  • 19
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    External K requirement of young plants of potato, sugar beet and wheat in flowing solution culture resulting from different internal requirements and uptake efficiency (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: ratio ; root-shoot ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato, wheat and sugar beet were grown in a growth chamber in tanks with flowing solutions containing K-concentrations of 1.5, 5, 15, 50 and 200 μM to find reasons for different K contents of solution needed to reach 90% maximum dry matter accumulation (external K requirement). All species showed variation in dry matter accumulation with varying K levels. To reach 90% maximum dry matter accumulation potato needed 40 μM K, whereas wheat and sugar beet needed 6.4 and 4.4 μM K respectively. These differences in external K requirement could not be explained by differences in their internal K requirement since the internal requirement of potato (7.7% K) was about one and a half times of that of sugar beet (5.4%) but its external requirement was nine times of that of sugar beet. At low K supply potato plants showed a lower influx and a reduced root growth as compared with wheat and sugar beet.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358193
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Heterosis and combining ability analysis for resistance to early blight (Alternaria solani) in potato (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; general combining ability ; specific combining ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In an epiphytotic year of early blight, data were recorded on its incidence in 72 progenies (18 females x 4 males) and their parents planted in a randomised complete block design at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Combining ability analysis showed that both additive and non-additive gene action were important, with a preponderance of the latter in the inheritance of resistance to early blight. In general, progenies were as good as or better than mid-parent values. Crosses involving both or at least one parent with good general combining ability resulted in heterotic early blight resistant progenies. Promising parents and crosses were identified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358963
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  • 21
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    Der Einflu\ variierter Düngung, einer Pflanzenschutzmittel-Anwendung und der Lagerung auf den Glykoalkaloid-Gehalt in Kartoffelknollen zweier Sorten (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanin ; Chaconin ; Magnesium ; Kalium ; Stickstoff ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Phytophthora infestans ; Feldversuch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Field experiments were carried out for three years to study the effect of various magnesium, potassium and nitrogen fertilization rates on two medium-early edible potato cultivars. Additionally, one of the experimental areas was sprayed againstPhytophthora infestans to ascertain the effect of fungicides on the content of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) in potato tubers after harvest and after six months of storage. The applied fungicide treatments increased total glycoalkaloids (TGA) of potato tubers (Fig. 4). Fertilization with mineral nitrogen caused different reactions in both cultivars. There was a tendency for cv. Beryl to accumulate more glycoalkaloids with increasing nitrogen fertilization rates, while the opposite was observed for cv. Mila (Fig. 7). Fertilization with potassium and magnesium did not affect the results. On the basis of these results there was no conclusive evidence that the TGA content in the tubers was dependent on cultivar or on the weather during the growing season (Figs 1,2 and 3). The TGA content increased during storage, independently of previous treatments, (Figs 4–7).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Feldversuche in drei Jahren mit zwei Speisekartoffelsorten, verschiedenen Mengen an Mineraldüngern und der Anwendungen eines Pflanzenschutzmittelns gegenPhytophthora infestans angelegt. Die Knollen wurden direkt nach der Ernte sowie nach einer sechsmonatigen Lagerung auf Glykoalkaloidgehalt untersucht. Zwischen den Sorten treten statistisch gesicherte Unterschiede im Gehalt an Glykoalkaloiden auf. Die Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln während der Vegetation erhöht den Gesamtgehalt an Glykoalkaloiden (TGA) in den Kartoffelknollen kurz nach der Ernte. Eine variierte Mineraldüngung hat keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf den TGA-Gehalt in den Proben kurz nach der Ernte, N- und K-Düngung verändern diesen jedoch im Laufe der Lagerung. Unabhängig von den übrigen Bedingungen erhöht sich der TGA-Gehalt in diesem Versuch während der Lagerung im Mittel von 5,8 auf 7,7 mg/100g Frischsubstanz.
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    In vitro tuberisation of potato: the interaction of ancymidol and photoperiod (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 601-606 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: growth regulator ; sucrose ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ancymidol-induced in vitro tuberisation under different photoperiodic regimes (dark, SD=8 h, LD=16 h) and sucrose concentrations (2, 4, 6 and 8%) in cv. Jaerla (early) and cv. Baraka (late) was studied. Tuberisation was scored after 4 (dark) or 8 (light) weeks. Ancymidol significantly increased tuberisation under LD-SD for any sucrose concentration in both cultivars. Ancymidol also significantly increased tuberisation under LD-dark for 6% sucrose in both cultivars. Tuberisation in cv. Jaerla was significantly higher than in cv. Baraka for any photoperiodic treatment in the presence or absence of ancymidol with 4, 6 or 8% sucrose. The photoperiod SD-SD resulted in the higher level of tuberisation for any combination of sucrose, cultivar and ancymidol. The possible role of ancymidol is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358177
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    Some sprouting characteristics of microtubers (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 611-617 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: dormancy ; potato ; losses ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; seed potato production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Microtubers can be stored longer, transported and handled easier than plantlets, but they have some disadvantages related to long dormancy. Dormancy, number of sprouts per tuber and loss of microtubers under different storage temperatures were studied. Microtubers of four genotypes originated from different tuberization treatments (photoperiod combinations) were observed. We found that dormancy depended on cultivar and — in some cases — on the photoperiod treatment applied during tuberization. Generally, the dormacy was long and was greatly elongated by low storage temperature. One of the photoperiod treatments shortened while the other treatment prolonged the rest-period compared to the control, maybe due to a change in temperature accompanying the change in daily light (photoperiod combination). Besides, these treatments affected the number of sprouts per tuber. There was no significant difference in duration of dormancy between different tuber-size groups, but the loss increased significanctly with a decrease in tuber size. Based on this information we can use microtubers more effectively in the seed potato production programme.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358179
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    Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatments on weight loss and changes in chemical composition of potato tubers stored at 4°C (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 97-107 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; reducing sugars ; sucrose ; ascorbic acid ; citric acid ; nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pot and field experiments were carried out to test fertilizer treatments on the behaviour of potato tubers stores at 4°C and ≥90% relative humidity for 6 months. Weight losses (separated into water and dry matter) were enhanced after N and K fertilization and decreased by increasing P supply. Glucose and fructose contents were reduced at harvest by high N-fertilizer rates compared to no or low fertilization, but throughout storage reducing sugar accumulation was increased, sucrose reduction was decreased and ascorbic acid was increased. K fertilization affected the chemical composition of the tubers somewhat similar to that of nitrogen fertilization. High initial nitrate content of the tubers seemed to be increased and low nitrate values were decreased during storage. The tubers from pot experiments showed similar changes but of greater magnitude.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358074
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    An investigation of the level of reducing sugars in diploid potatoes before and after cold storage (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 331-338 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; diploid interspecific hybrids ; Solanum spp., chipping ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The reducing sugar content and chip colour were studied in diploid potatoes bred for superior table and chipping quality. The reducing sugar content in the tubers of 119 diploid clones was estimated before and after cold storage (4–6°C) in the years 1987–1991, and reducing sugar and chip colour were determined in 1990 and 1991 for 36 clones. Thirty two clones had a significantly lower reducing sugar content after cold storage than cv. Mila. The year of evaluation, storage temperature and genotype significantly affected the reducing sugar content.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357735
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    Sämlingsselektion auf Virus- und Nematodenresistenz beiSolanum tuberosum L. 3. Selektion von Kartoffelsämlingen auf die Merkmalskombination ‘extreme Y-Virus- und Pathotyp Ro1-Resistenz des Gelben Kartoffelnematoden’ (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 419-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Virusresistenzzüchtung ; Nematodenresistenzzüchtung ; Selektionsverfahren ; Sämlingsselektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird ein Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Selektion von Kartoffelsämlingen auf extreme Y-Virus- und Nematodenresistenz. Pikierte Kartoffelsämlinge werden dazu künstlich mit Y-Virus infiziert, getopfte Pflanzen massivem Befall durch den Gelben Kartoffelnematoden ausgesetzt und nur visuell befallsfreie Genotypen weitergeführt. Die Sämlingsselektion führte zu einer Verdoppelung kombiniert resistenter Kartoffelgenotypen in der Resistenzprüfung. Einsatzgebiet war die Auslese von Zuchteltern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357748
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    Production and use of seedling tubers from true potato seed (TPS) for potato cultivation in Italy (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 3-9 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: seedling density ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber size ; 4X×4X ; 4X×2X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of varying plant population on the production of tubers from potato seedlings was investigated during 1992 and 1993 using three different plant densities: 35, 70, 100 plants/m2. Increasing the plant population significantly increased the number of tubers produced, but no significant difference was found between the plant densities of 70 and 100 plants/m2. The seedling tubers produced in nursery beds were tested in the field for ware potato production using different sized tubers. The best performances were obtained using tubers 30–40 mm. Significant differences were evident among the 7 true potato seed (TPS) families used, but data grouped by type of cross did not indicate any significant difference between 4X×4X and 4X×2X crossing groups.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358200
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    A simple and rapid method for the detection of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) by RT-PCR (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 1-8 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: immobilisation ; filter paper ; dot RT-PCR ; print RT-PCR ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A test procedure for PSTVd is described based on immobilisation of plant sap on filter paper, by dotting or tissue printing followed by RT-PCR. Tests were carried out using primarily and secondarily infected potato plants, primarily infected in vitro plants, and potato tubers. Print PCR was shown to be suitable for testing large samples of potato plants whereas dot PCR is recommended for in vitro plantlets and tuber tissue. Bulking one infected plant to 4 or 9 healthy plants gave reliable results with secondarily infected potato plants, but sometimes the test failed to detect PSTVd in primarily infected in vitro plants. Dotted and printed paper squares could be stored at 4°C for at least 2 weeks in Triton X-100 solution or under dry conditions. Storing at room temperature can lead to unreliable results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360256
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    Progeny tests to identify diploid potato clones homozygous at loci controlling resistance to PLRV (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 219-228 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: homozygous genotypes ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Using potato parental lines homozygous at a locus or loci controlling resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) can give advantages in the selection of resistant forms. In order to identify homozygous diploid clones their test-cross families were evaluated. All the clones that were test-crossed expressed resistance in primarily- and secondarily-infected plants and etiolated sprouts, and were derived from mating genotypes highly resistant to PLRV. Genotypes from test-cross families varied in resistance to PLRV, and one family was found which had only resistant genotypes, suggesting that the resistant parent of this progeny was homozygous at resistance loci. Evidence was gathered that resistance in some diploid clones may result from resistance to virus multiplication as well as restricted virus transport from leaves to tubers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358192
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    Quantifying damage as percentage potato tuber volume lost per peeler stroke (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 277-287 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; quality ; bruising ; external ; internal ; model ; index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Methods for quantifying external damage and bruising can be inaccurate and result in an index that is difficult to interpret. A new index was derived by taking measurements of peeled slices from cv. Record and developing a mathematical model to predict the percentage volume removed per peeler stroke for a range of potato cultivars. It was found that an average of 1.25% of the tuber volume was removed per peeler stroke. By counting the number of peeler strokes to remove damaged tissue and multiplying by 1.25, an estimate of the percentage tuber volume lost due to bruising or external damage can be obtained. The index can accommodate most types of damage and result in an index that is readily understood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358197
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    Variation in tuber pathogenicity ofPhytophthora infestans in the Netherlands (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 345-354 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: tuber blight ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; disease assessment ; fungal pathogenicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variation in aggressiveness to tubers among isolates ofPhytophthora infestans sampled from three potato growing regions in the Netherlands was compared. Variation in the ability to infect tubers of cv. Bintje was found between isolates of each of the three regional populations. The most aggressive isolate of the old population matched the average level of the new population in its ability to infect tubers. As a consequence, the commonly used reference isolate VK 6C can no longer be considered to be representative of the present population ofP. infestans. Therefore it is recommended that testing tuber resistance for the official list of potato cultivars with this isolate should be discontinued. Tuber infection and subsequent spread of the fungus in the tuber tissues were not found to be correlated. The components of tuber pathogenicity studied were not correlated to pathogenicity factors in the foliage, as measured under growth chamber conditions.
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    In vitro evaluation of resistance of potato cultivars toPhytophthora infestans (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 101-105 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: late blight ; testing methods ; electrolyte leakage ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The resistance of ten potato cultivars (Agria, Ajax, Désirée, Liseta, Kennebec, Majestic. Monalisa, Prima, Spunta and Tonda di Berlino) toPhytophthora infestans was analyzed in vitro using 8 fungal strains. An assay based on electrolyte leakage was used for screening leaves and tuber tissues with fungal culture filtrates. With almost all cultivars the resistance of leaves did not correlate with the resistance of tubers. Cv. Ajax appeared the least susceptible in both leaf and tuber tests, while the cv. Prima was the most susceptible in tuber tests.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358396
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    Early potatoes in Italy with particular reference to Sicily (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 229-240 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: earliness ; planting season ; Mediterranean area ; off-season production ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In Italy, the early potato cultivars of greatest economic significance are those grown off-season, in a cycle which is generally much earlier than the typical spring-summer cycle. Of the area given over to early potatoes in Italy, more than 90% is in the southern regions. The economic value of this production is due to its extraseasonality, which allows much of the early potato harvest to be sold on foreign markets. In Sicily, more than 5000 ha of potato are grown, with a high frequency of potato crops on small plots. Early potatoes are often rotated with various fruits and vegetables, and the length of the cycle is variable, from 100 to 140 days. Choosing the most suitable cultivar is the most complex aspect of early potato growing. Of the criteria used, tuber growth rate has shown most validity. In Sicily two cultivars are mainly grown: Sieglinde and the more recent but well-established Spunta. Agricultural techniques used for early potato cultivation vary depending on the area. An overview of the agronomic practices used in different areas is given in this paper.
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    Aluminium-tolerant regenrants from potato cell cultures (1988)
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    Potato research 31 (1988), S. 305-310 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: aluminium sulphate ; suspension culture ; callus culture ; selection procedure ; tolerant cell cultures ; tolerant regenerants ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cell cultures were developed from dihaploid clones ofSolanum tuberosum L. Selection in cell suspensions as well as plating of cells on selective medium supplemented with 5 mmol Al produced tolerant cell lines. The constancy of Al-tolerance of cell lines was confirmed by culturing the calli for 3 months in Al-free medium and then transferring them back to selective medium. 4 tolerant regenerant clones were obtained which maintained Al-tolerance also after subculture in control medium. Two of the 4 clones that constantly maintained Al-tolerance, originated from cell lines subcultured for 5 months under stress conditions. However, the regeneration rate of these cell lines was low compared with that of lines obtained after a shorter selection period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02365539
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    Effects of crop rotation and granular nematicides on the incidence ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. andColletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes, in potato (1989)
    Springer
    Potato research 32 (1989), S. 377-385 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: aldicarb ; cropping frequency ; nematode ; oxamyl ; soil-borne pathogens ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The incidence ofVerticillium dahliae andColletotrichum coccodes was studied in a crop rotation experiment on sandy soil from 1983 to 1986. Early in the growing season the percentage of stems infected byV. dahliae increased with increasing cropping frequency of potato, depending on the cropping sequence, and decreased with the application of granular nematicides. However, later in the growing season the initial differences decreased.C. coccodes infections of stems were not affected by these factors. The percentage of plants infected byV. dahliae closely correlated with the percentage of plants with wilt symptoms but this relationship was absent forC. coccodes. Early in the growing season, the more vigorous the plants, the greater the level ofV. dahliae infection. Soil infestation withV. dahliae increased with increasing cropping frequency of potato but was not affected by annual applications of granular nematicides.
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    Estimating tuber dry matter concentration from accumulated thermal time and soil moisture (1989)
    Springer
    Potato research 32 (1989), S. 411-417 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: tuber quality ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The tuber dry matter concentration, [DM], of crops of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was related using regression analysis, to time, thermal time, incident radiation accumulated from plant emergence, and soil moisture deficit (SMD). Variation in [DM] was best accounted for by the regression model that was a function of thermal time above a base of 0 °C accumulated from plant emergence, and SMD. When validated against an independent data set, there was good agreement between observed and estimated [DM] with a linear relation accounting for 79.3% of the variance.
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    Effects of a short period of drought on changes in tuber volume and specific leaf weight. II. Diurnal changes (1989)
    Springer
    Potato research 32 (1989), S. 255-266 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber growth ; leaf growth ; diurnal periodicity ; circadian rhythm ; water movement ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Single-stemmed potato plants, cv. Bintje, were grown on a nutrient solution under controlled conditions. They were exposed to a short drought stress, or remained untreated. Short-term changes in tuber volume and in specific leaf weight were measured non-destructively. Tubers from control plants increased rapidly in volume during the night and did not grow, or even shrivelled during the day. Tubers of stressed plants did not show a uniform response; some tubers markedly declined in volume during the day. The patterns of volume increase of stressed plants became erratic after the stress, mainly because some plants never fully recovered. Patterns of diurnal fluctuation in tuber volume were similar to diurnal changes in specific leaf weight; tubers within the same stressed plant sometimes reacted differently. In these cases the effects on the diurnal fluctuation partly reflected the long-term effects, reported in an earlier paper.
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    Resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica in second backcross populations of somatic hybrids betweenSolanum tuberosum andS. brevidens (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 11-21 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; solt rot ; blackleg ; early selection ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Solanum brevidens Phil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Eleven clones obtained from a cross between cv. Katahdin and fusion products betweenSolanum tuberosum and the non tuber-bearing speciesS. brevidens, were backcrossed again withS. tuberosum (clone AR80-127-5). Small tubers harvested from 583 seedlings of these second backcross (BC2) populations were screened for tuber tissue resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica under aerobic conditions. After multiplication in the field. BC2 clones again were screened for soft rot resistance under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions. In general, the resistance of the BC2 populations was reduced in comparison with the BC1. Variation for resistance was found within the BC2 populations, but there was no correlation between the results of the three tests performed. Four BC2 populations were also screenned for resistance to blackleg in the field. Significant differences were found between populations for mean percentage of diseased plants, but these differences could not be explained by the resistance of the parental clones.
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    Effect of saline irrigation and water deficit on tuber quality (1995)
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    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: fry colour ; dry matter content ; tuber size ; ion and solute accumulation ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of salinity and water dificit on the quality of tubers for processing was investigated. Total tuber yield was not affected by the treatments, while the percentage of non-marketable tubers was significantly reduced by high salinity (ECi=6dS m−1) and by water reduction. Accumulation of dry matter in the tubers was increased by all the treatments, that of proline by salinity only and the content of reducing sugars was increased only by water deficit. The colour of the french fries was similar in tubers from the various treatments.
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    Formation of microsclerotia ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. on various plant parts of two potato cultivars (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 143-150 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: reproduction ; distribution ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato plants of cvs Element and Mirka were artificially infected withV. dahliae in two greenhouse experiments. Leaf blade, petiole, aerial stem, subterranean stem, stolon and root mass were separately harvested both when the canopy was still green and at maturity. After 4 weeks incubation, the plant tissue was air-dried and the numbers of microsclerotia per mg tissue and per plant were determined. The highest numbers of microsclerotia were observed in the haulm when harvest took place at maturity. Cultivar Element yielded significantly more microsclerotia in the haulm than cv. Mirka, whilst there were no cultivar differences in the microsclerotial production on subterranean parts. The petiole and the aerial stem contributed most to the total microsclerotial production, whereas roots were much more important for formation of microsclerotia than stolons.
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    Penetration of potato tuber lenticels by bacteria in relation to biological control of blackleg disease (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 333-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: safranin stain ; fluorescent brightener ; Erwinia carotovora ssp.atroseptica ; tuber development ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a glasshouse experiment three potato cultivars were grown to maturity in wet or dry compost. The number of lenticels per tuber was greater with larger tubers but was unaffected by the cultivar or soil moisture regime. The frequency of lenticel penetration by a water soluble stain, safranin O, remained high as tubers developed to maturity in wet soil. In dry soil penetration declined markedly as the tubers matured. When tubers, harvested just before the onset of haulm senescence, were inoculated withErwinia carotovora ssp.atroseptica, the frequency of lenticel rotting was less than the rate of stain penetration, indicating that additional factors were involved in the bacterial infection process. Inoculating mature tubers with bacteria and incubating them in anaerobic conditions frequently resulted in rotting of the lenticels. Comparable tubers incubated in aerobic conditions showed no rotting or invasion by bacteria. The results are discussed in relation to the biological control of blackleg.
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    Recent developments in our knowledge of potato transgenic biology (1996)
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    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 411-427 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; disease ; quality ; carbohydrates ; starch ; carbon partitioning ; development ; stress ; molecular farming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Transgenic potato plants are being generated world-wide to assess the impact of transgene expression (sense and/or antisense) on parameters as diverse as yield, quality, stress physiology and pest/disease resistance. Strategies for alternative uses of the potato crops by diverting metabolism into high value products or by expressing recombinant proteins are also being explored. Results obtained are often surprising although the science of plant molecular biology is relatively young. Whilst the outcome of any transgenic approach is by no means certain, this review provides sufficient examples to illustrate the versatility and applicability of transgenic biology in potato improvement.
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    Effect of controlled atmosphere, temperature and cultivar on sprouting and processing quality of stored potatoes (1996)
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    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 523-531 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: CO2 ; O2 Record ; Saturna ; Hermes ; sprout length ; fry colour ; sugar ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three crisping potato cultivars, Record, Saturna and Hermes, were stored at 5 or 10°C in gas mixtures of either 0.5% CO2 and 21.0% O2 (control) or 9.4, 6.4, 3.6 or 0.4% CO2 all combined with 3.6% O2. There was almost complete sprout inhibition, low weight loss and maintenance of a healthy skin for all cultivars stored in 9.4% CO2 with 3.6% O2 at 5°C for 25 weeks. When tubers from this treatment were stored for a further 20 weeks in air at 5°C the skin remained healthy and they did not sprout. The fry colour of crisps made from these potatoes was darker than the industry standard but when they were reconditioned, tubers of cv. Saturna produced crisps of an acceptable fry colour while crisps from the other two cultivars remained too dark. Reducing sugar levels were related to fry colour both after storage and after reconditioning. The other gas combinations and the controls did not have the same effect on sprouting and none of the controlled atmosphere treatments controlled sprouting at 10°C.
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    Field performance of potato minitubers with different fresh weights and conventional seed tubers: Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 159-169 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; seed production ; variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation in crops from minitubers of five weight classes (ranging from 0.13–0.25 g to 2.00–3.99 g) and conventional seed tubers were studied in field experiments in three years. Multiplication factors were calculated as the number and weight of progeny tubers produced per planted tuber or per unit planted tuber weight. They were lower for the lighter minitubers when calculated per tuber and higher when calculated per weight. Yield variation was described by coefficients of variation for the number and weight of progeny tubers produced. Variation over individual plants of a crop was higher in stands from the lighter minitubers. Variation over plots within a field was sometimes higher for the lighter minitubers, but variation over years was similar for all minituber classes. Variation over plots in progeny tuber weight was higher for minitubers than for conventional tubers.
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    The effect of potato store operation on energy usage and weight loss (1995)
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    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 251-256 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: storage ; energy usage ; store temperature ; store management ; weight loss ; power consumption ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of various storage parameters on the power usage and tuber weight loss for a fully refrigerated potato store were investigated. A computer model validated by detailed monitoring of potato stores was used for the calculations. The store parameters considered were: storage temperature, store relative humidity, local ambient conditions, store capacity or loading factor, half cooling time and the infiltration rate or air tightness of the store. The investigation showed that the power consumption was most affected by the storage temperature and the infiltration rate of the store, and that weight loss was most affected by the half cooling time.
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    A comparison of laboratory and field reactions of a range of potato cultivars to infection withSynchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 281-289 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: wart disease ; susceptibility ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A comparison of reactions of potato cultivars toS. endobioticum indicated that the degree of susceptibility observed in laboratory tests correlated well with the reaction of cultivars in field tests. Some cultivars found to be less resistant (Resistance Grade 2) in laboratory tests produced winter spores in the field test, and 10% of those derived from cv. Ausonia germinated in distilled water. Compost from the field plot was estimated to contain 14–18 apparently viable spores/g. and this resulted in 100% infection of the highly susceptible cv. Arran Chief. The implications of these findings for descheduling sites previously scheduled due to wart infestation are discussed.
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    Influence of irrigation regimes on growth and yield of potato cv. Spunta (1995)
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    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 307-317 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; leaf transpiration ; stomatal resistance ; Mediterranean environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of furrow and drip irrigation giving 0, 33, 66, 100 and 133% of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETM) was studied on leaf transpiration, stomatal resistance, tuber growth, yield and yield response of cv. Spunta. The research was carried out in Sicily in 1988 and 1989 on early potato crops grown during the winter/spring cycle. Increased water supply increased leaf transpiration, plant fresh weight, tuber growth rate, yield and earliness, and decreased stomatal resistance and tuber dry weight. A higher yield response was obtained at the lower water regimes (ETM of 33 and 66%). There were no significant differences between the two methods of irrigation.
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    Detecting resistance to the root-knot nematodesMeloidogyne hapla andM. chitwoodi in potato and wildSolanum spp. (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 353-362 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: genetic variation ; resistance screening ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Various methods of screening for resistance to root-knot nematodes were compared and evaluated. Seedling populations ofSolanum spp., grown in clay pots and plastic tubes with silver sand and inoculated with juveniles ofMeloidogyne chitwoodi andM. hapla, showed large differences in the number of egg masses on roots 7 weeks after inoculation. The differences were reproducible when re-testing was done with cuttings and plants from tubers. No resistance toMeloidogyne spp. was observed with ten potato cultivars when grown in clay pots, plastic tobes or closed containers. Plants from tubers in growth pouches developed a large two-dimensional root system, and after inoculation with juveniles the infection process could be observed over 8 weeks. A method of infecting potato tuber tissue withMeloidogyne is described, using tuber slices in Petri dishes as a potential screening test for tuber resistance.
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    Sämlingsselektion auf Virus- und Nematodenresistenz beiSolanum tuberosum L. 1. Auslese auf Überempfindlichkeitsresistenz der Kartoffel gegen potato virus S durch künstliche Infektion der Sämlinge (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 407-411 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Virusresistenzzüchtung ; Sämlingsselektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Studien an 7328 Kartoffelsämlingen und 179 Zuchtstämmen genetisch geeigneter Populationen konzentrierten sich auf die Erarbeitung eines Inokulations- und Selektionsverfahrens. Die Virusinokulation kann mit der Spritzpistole erfolgen, muß aber an getopften Kartoffelsämlingen vorgenommen werden. In Kombination mit der Serodiagnose in den ersten 3 Klongenerationen erzielte ein darauf aufgebautes Selektionsverfahren in der Resistenzprüfung 88.2% Zuchtstämme mit Überempfindlichkeitsresistenz gegen potato virus S gegen nur 55.6% ohne Sämlingsinfektion und Serodiagnose in nur einer Klongeneration.
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    Sämlingsselektion auf Virus- und Nematodenresistenz beiSolanum tuberosum L. 2. Zur künstlichen Y-Virusinfektion und Auslese auf extreme Resistenz bei Kartoffelsämlingen in Hydrostaukultur (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 413-417 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Virusresistenzzüchtung ; Selektionsverfahren ; Sämlingsselektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Auslese auf extreme Y-Virusresistenz kann auch an Kartoffelsämlingen in Hydrostaukultur die künstliche Infektion Anwendung finden. Die Virusinokulation mittels Spritzpistole muß allerdings an Sämlingen in der Aussaatschale und vor der Anzucht in Hydrostaukultur erfolgen. Intensive Bestandeskontrolle. Pflanzguttestung der ersten Klongenerationen und konsequentes Verwerfen Y-Virusbefallener Zuchtstämme sicherten, daß sämlingsinfiziertes Zuchtmaterial im Neuzuchtgarten keine gefährliche Virusinfektionquelle darstellte und ohne räumliche. Trennung gemeinsam mit dem übrigen Zuchtgartenmaterial angebaut werden konnte.
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    Fortieth volume of Potato Research: a selective history (1997)
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    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 1-4 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: scientific journal ; professional organization ; agronomy ; crop science ; research ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato Research started as the “European Potato Journal”, the official journal of the European Association for Potato Research, in 1958, was re-named “Potato Research” in 1970 (Volume 13) and has published mainly original scientific contributions in 39 volumes. The authorship has become increasingly international and currently writes predominantly in English, although papers are also offered in German or French. Topics covered have seen clear changes over volumes, mainly reflecting trends and break-throughs in (potato) science.
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    Stomatal resistance of three potato cultivars as influenced by soil water status, humidity and irradiance (1997)
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    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 47-57 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: minimum stomatal resistance ; soil water ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; photosynthetic photon flux density ; vapour pressure deficit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Leaf stomatal resistance varies considerably in response to changes in environmental conditions. Understanding cultivar differences in the response of stomata to these conditions is important for effectively simulating water-use and growth. In this study the stomatal resistance of three field grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Atlantic. Monona and Norchip was observed in response to photosynthetic photon flux density, leaf to air vapour pressure difference and root zone available soil water. Substantial variation in stomatal resistance was accounted for by functions of the environmental variables for both Monona and Norchip. The explained variation for Atlantic was considerably less. Light saturation occurred near 500 μmol m−2 s−1. Increasing stomatal resistance above 1000 μmol m−2s−1 was also observed but is likely an artifact of stomatal closure on days in which mid-day leaf water potentials dropped below critical levels. Although the leaf presumably insufficient to obtain substantial effects. The soil water status was partially linked to the average 1000 h to 1500 h stomatal resistance on clear, sunny days. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars in the response of stomata to changes in the available soil water.
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    The effect of condensation on sporulation ofHelminthosporium solani on potato tubers infected with silver scurf and held in simulated store conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 169-180 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: skin resistance ; temperature ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chambers were designed to simulate environmental conditions present in commercial potato stores and were used to introduce condensation to tubers infected with silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani). The electrical resistance measured across the skin of tubers from the top of the chambers was consistently lower than that from the bottom of the chamber, and this was reflected in an increased number ofH. solani spores produced by the top tubers. An increase in the length of the condensation period resulted in the skin resistance remaining lower for a longer period and also resulted in higher number of spores. Tubers held at relatively high ambient temperatures (15 °C) required a shorter period of condensation to cause an increase in spore count. This investigation highlighted the need for close monitoring of store environments so that condensation events can be quickly identified and the tubers dried.
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    Treatment of seed potatoes with prochloraz for simultaneous control of silver scurf and black dot on progeny tubers (1997)
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    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 221-227 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Helminthosporium solani ; Colletotrichum coccodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato seed tubers infected withHelminthosporium solani andColletotrichum coccodes were treated with prochloraz (as Omega 450 g a.i. l−1 EC) and/or prochloraz managanese chloride (as Octave 25 g/kg DP), and planted in two separate fields not previously cultivated with potatoes. Dipping seed 28 d prior to planting in 2,4 or 6 g a.i. l−1 Omega, and dusting with 500 or 750 g Octave per 100 kg seed significantly reduced the incidence of silver scurf and black dot on progeny tubers. In one field, the higher concentrations of Omega and Octave gave slightly better control than the lower Omega concentrations. At the second site, postharvest application of 4 g a.i. l−1 Omega or 750 g Octave per 100 kg seed limited development of both diseases on progeny tubers, with slightly better control when an additional Octave dusting was applied 14 d before planting. None of the prochloraz treatments adversely affected plant stand or tuber yield.
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    The effect of some environmental factors on potato tuber numbers (1997)
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    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 297-306 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: light ; temperature ; stolon growth medium ; below ground nodes ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five experiments studied the effects of shading, temperature and stolon growth medium on stolon and tuber formation. The lowest numbers of stolons and tubers were produced at the higher and lower nodes. Numbers of primary stolons and tubers were relatively stable across nodes and treatments and variation in total numbers was largely due to changes in numbers of lateral and branch stolons. In the field, 70% shading reduced numbers of stolons and tubers by reducing lateral and branch stolons, while in hydroponics, 45% shading and temperatures at initiation had no effect on tuber numbers. In both environments later planting tended to reduce numbers of stolons and tubers. There were large effects of the physical environment, with compost producing three times as many tubers as dry vermiculite. The potential number of tubers may be determined by the number of stolons and the environmental conditions affecting stolon formation and development.
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    Effects of soil characteristics on the relationship between potato cyst nematodes and yield. I. Water retention (1997)
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    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 367-374 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; soil type ; soil pF ; cultivar ; damage ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Data from five long-term field experiments on sandy and sandy peat soils were analyzed for the effect of soil type on damage caused by potato cyst nematodes to potato crops. It was shown that the water retention of the topsoil and the subsoil largely determined the potential yield level in the different fields. According to Oostenbrink's equation the slopes of the curves are steeper with increasing yield level, indicating that the higher the potential yield level, the higher the absolute yield loss. However, when yield was expressed as percentage of maximum yield, yield reduction related to potato cyst nematode density did not differ significantly, except when tolerant cultivars were grown. Increasing tolerance of cultivars to nematode damage was reflected in less steep slopes of the yield/nematode density curves.
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    Forty years of potato research: highlights, achievements and prospects (1997)
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    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 5-18 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: agronomy ; breeding ; physiology ; pathology ; virology ; engineering ; utilization ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The highlights and achievements of 40 years of potato research in agronomy; genetics, breeding and varietal assessment; physiology; pathology (including nematology); virology; engineering; and utilization are reviewed and the prospects for new developments are analysed. In all disciplines progress has been impressive and has changed the potato industry dramatically. Yet, some old problems remain unsolved (Phytophthora infestans, blackspot) or are returning (cyst and other nematodes) and new problems have arisen (e. g. volunteer potatoes, new strains of PVY, virulent cold-resistant strains ofPseudomonas solanacearum). The potato industry faces new challenges from society (environmentally safe production) and the consumers (improved quality). Farmers, researchers and processors have access to many new exciting techniques, tools and opportunities, such as precision farming, genetic engineering, molecular detection and analytical techniques, integrated chain management, novel preservation and processing methods. The problems and opportunities both warrant a continued effort in potato research.
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    Estimating potato leaf area index for specific cultivars (1997)
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    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 251-266 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: LAI ; canopy expansion ; radiation use efficiency ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; soil water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The growth and duration of crop leaf area determines the amount of solar radiation intercepted by the canopy and therefore influences the extent of photosynthesis, evaporation, transpiration and final dry matter yield. The objective of this study was to develop cultivar specific relationships to estimate the daily leaf area index (LAI) for the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) that included the effects of available soil water. The model is divided into three LAI growth stages, the durations of which are partially related to potato heat units (PHU). The LAI in the first stage is estimated from a cultivar specific leaf area-based radiation use efficiency index with a soil water reduction factor. The second stage involves the maintenance of a constant LAI with the duration related to both PHU and a soil water index that can accelerate senescence. The final stage includes a decrease in the LAI from a maximum to zero in response to a cultivar specific PHU accumulation. Model simulations compared favourably with independent LAI measurements obtained with a LI-COR plant canopy analyzer over two seasons.
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    Variation in pathogenicity on potato tubers and sensitivity to thiabendazole of the dry rot fungusFusarium avenaceum (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 357-365 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: fungicide resistance ; cultivars ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The majority of isolates ofFusarium avenaceum caused dry rot on potato tubers; many were as pathogenic asF. coeruleum. Pathogenicity ofF. avenaceum was not related to the plant species from which the isolates originated. Tubers of potato cv. Cara were more susceptible than those of cvs Romano or Maris Piper. Temperature (5–15° C) had no effect on lesion depth but lesions tended to be slightly wider at the lowest temperature. Two isolates (of 61) from wheat and white lupin had a moderate level of resistance to thiabendazole. The results are discussed in relation to the control of dry rot in stored potato tubers.
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    Using chemical and biological treatments to reduce the potential of potato leak caused byPythium aphanidermatum in Tunisia (1997)
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    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 391-398 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: fungicides ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Trichoderma harzianum ; watery wound rot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of fungicides and the antagonistic fungusTrichoderma harzianum (Th) on the potato leak pathogenPythium aphanidermatum (Pa) was investigated in vitro. Rot was reduced by 73% to 89% when tubers inoculated withPa were treated by immersion in solutions (0.5% w/v) of the fungicides Ridomil MZ58. Dithane M45. Manebe 80 and Tachigaren 360. Complete protection was achieved by dusting inoculated tubers with Ridomil MZ58 diluted in kaolin at a final concentration of 0.1% (w/w). The biological treatments of dipping inoculated tubers in a conidial water suspension ofTh at 108 conidia/ml or of dusting with a mixture of a barley culture ofTh and kaolin to a final concentration of 2×109 conidia/g were as effective as the chemical treatments. Control was still effective when inoculated tubers were treated with Ridomil MZ58. Tachigaren 360 or the conidial suspension ofTh after 24h incubation at 25°C.
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    Recent developments in potato research: scientific highlights of the EAPR conference in Sorrento, Italy, May 1999 (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 381-395 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: agronomy ; breeding ; pathology ; physiology ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; storage ; utilisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This contribution presents highlights of the oral and poster presentations in the various sessions of the 14th Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research, held in Sorrento, Italy, May 1999. It is based on the reports of the session chairpersons and the book of abstracts. The paper reports the progress made in many aspects of potato research, but also stresses the need for further collaborative work, especially in the fields of molecular physiology, marker assisted breeding, control of late blight, potato tuber moth and other pests and diseases, stress physiology and stress resistance, and sustainable cropping systems with both short and long cycle potato crops.
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    Potential for artefacts in the measurement of fructose and sucrose in extracts of potato tubers using the microplate reader assay (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 383-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; phosphoglucose isomerase ; sugar assay ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Artefactual results were obtained during assay of sugars in ethanolic extracts of potato tubers with the microplate method. The problem was attributed to contamination with alcohol dehydrogenase of the commercial (yeast) phosphoglucose isomerase used in the assay. The use of phosphoglucose isomerase from another source (rabbit muscle) eliminated the problem.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358970
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    Relationship between potato cyst nematodes and their principal host. II. Evaluation of mathematical descriptors relating potato yield and nematode density (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; tolerance ; yield forecasting ; damage ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To describe the relationship between nematode density and yield, four equations of increasing complexity are found in the literature. They concern a linear regression curve, a log linear regression curve, a regression curve based on an exponential relation and an inverse linear regression curve. The yield to PCN density responses of these equations are shown on a linear and on a logarithmic scale. Considerable differences are shown in the way they respond to the same data. None of these equations is able to explain or forecast yield decrease caused by potato cyst nematodes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358014
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    Assessing progenies of potato for resistance to skin spot (Polyscytalum pustulans) in the glasshouse (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; disease screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crosses were made between six parents differing in susceptibility to skin spot and glasshouse-grown tubers from true seedlings of the nine resulting progenies assessed for resistance to the disease. The assessment was evaluated by a two-year comparison with the behaviour of field-grown tubers of the progenies and their parents. The correlations between progenies in the glasshouse and field were r=0.911 and 0.753 and those between the mid-parental values and the progeny means were high (r〉0.864), indicating that parental differences were heritable. It is concluded that correlations were sufficient for glasshouse-grown tubers to be used for assessing large numbers of progenies in genetical studies and for eliminating highly susceptible progenies at an early stage in a breeding programme.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357997
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    Assessing potato cultivars in Tunisia for susceptibility to leak caused byPythium aphanidermatum (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; watery wound rot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The susceptibility of 21 potato cultivars to leak (watery wound rot) caused byPythium aphanidermatum was compared. Whole tubers were inoculated after wounding by dipping into a water suspension of 103 oospores/ml and incubated for 3 days at 25°C. The mean penetration of tissue calculated from the recording of lesion width and depth and the qualitative assessment of rot extension were highly correlated. For 10 of 12 cultivars tested at least twice, consistent reactions were obtained: cvs Korrigane. Superstar, Safrane and Yesmina were moderately susceptible, whereas Atlas, Diamant, Mondial, Obélix, Spunta and Timate were susceptible to highly susceptible. Tubers originated from two locations and/or two cropping seasons: thus, the performance of these cultivars under different production conditions reveals a satisfactory level of agreement with the test. Moreover, ratings assigned are supported by field or store observations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357999
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    General combining ability and its repeatability in early generations of potato breeding programmes (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 21-28 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; general combining ability ; seedling generation ; clonal generations ; genotypexenvironment ; yield ; tuber colour and shape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary General combining ability and its repeatability in the early generations of a potato breeding programme was studied by evaluating 72 progenies (18×4) of 22 parents in a factorial mating design for three successive generations. The mean squares for combining ability due to females, males and females × males were significant for eight out of the ten characters studied. Variance estimates due to specific combining ability were more important than those due to general combining ability for most of the characters in all the generations. General combining ability effects varied from generation to generation. Most of the correlation coefficients between generations for general combining ability effects were significant, but of moderate magnitude (0.5–0.8). Parents with consistent performance over generations and those specifically suitable for a TPS crop were identified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360258
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    Systemic induced resistance to late blight in potato by treatment with salicylic acid andPhytophthora cryptogea (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 135-142 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Phytophthora infestans ; inducer agents ; plant protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Tests for systemic induced resistance (SIR) to late blight were performed with different potato cultivars in field trials and in growth chamber experiments. The non-pathogenPhytophthora cryptogea (Pc) and salicylic acid (Sa) were used as inducer agents. In the field, plants were naturally infected byPhytophthora infestans while the indoor plants were inoculated. The degree of SIR obtained varied with the cultivar used and also with the type of inducer. For example in the field the susceptible cv. St. Cecilia had enhanced resistance with Pc whereas Sa caused increased susceptibility. Inbred resistant cvs acquired increased resistance after treatment with Sa. In a separate pilot experiment in a growth chamber, Sa at two different concentrations was injected into potato seed tubers before planting. The higher Sa concentration increased resistance in genetically resistant cultivars while the lower Sa concentration brought about increased susceptibility.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358436
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    Optimisation of a dehydration process for potato cubes using an intermediate puffing step (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 203-209 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber ; blanching ; pre-drying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Factors affecting the volume expansion of potato cubes during puffing in a fluidised bed were examined. It was found that puffing temperature, initial size, pre-drying time and puffing time influenced the degree of expansion of the cube during the puffing step. Blanching alone was found not to influence expansion, but in conjunction with the other factors it was found that blanched samples showed greater volume expansion than unblanched samples. The optimum conditions for maximum volume expansion were found to be; blanching for 80 s, cube size between 7.5–12.5 mm, pre-drying time of 90 min. at 90°C and a puffing time of 270s at 130°C.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358190
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    Yield response of potato genotypes to different soil water regimes in contrasting seasons of a subtropical climate (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 239-254 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; drought tolerance ; irrigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato crops in subtropical climates are often subjected to water stress, resulting in low yields and poor tuber quality. The yield response of potato genotypes to water supply was investigated in six trials, three each in spring and autumn plantings. Trials were conducted under automated rain shelters, using an irrigation boom to impose five soil water regimes. The negative effect of water stress on tuber yield was more detrimental in spring than in autumn, because of higher atmospheric evaporative demand and higher temperatures in spring. An average yield reduction of 68% was recorded for the most severely stressed regime in spring plantings, while the mean reduction for the same treatment in autumn was only 42%. Genotypic differences in yield response to drought were clearly illustrated in spring, but not in autumn. This suggests that the choice of genotypes is only influenced by the availability of water in spring, when more drought tolerant genotypes should be used.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358194
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    Correlation between fusaric acid production and virulence of isolates ofFusarium oxysporum that causes potato dry rot in South Africa (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 289-294 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: post harvest disease ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; resistance ; toxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Virulence of 12Fusarium oxysporum isolates was determined on three potato cultivars Late Harvest, BP1 and Kimberley Choice. The production of fusaric acid by the 12F. oxysporum isolates was also determined. The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between fusaric acid production and virulence ofF. oxysporum isolates. Late Harvest was the most tolerant and BP1 the most susceptible cultivar. Virulence ranking, order of theF. oxysporum isolates with the different cultivars corresponded with the mean of value of the ranking order for all three cultivars. A correlation was found between virulence of isolates and fusaric acid production except for Late Harvest. Fusaric acid production may play a major role in the development of dry rot in potato tubers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358198
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    Defence reactions in two potato cultivars following infection with two races ofPhytophthora infestans (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 319-325 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato blight ; hydrolytic enzymes ; chitinases ; glucanases ; phytoalexins ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of accumulation of chitinases, glucanases and phytoalexins were studied in two potato cultivars, differing in their degrees of vertical and horizontal resistance, when infected with two races ofPhytophthora infestans. Tuber disks of cvs Kennebec (susceptible, low horizontal resistance) and Huinkul (tolerant, high horizontal resistance) were infected with either race “0” (avirulent) or “C” (complex, race 1.3.5.7.11) ofPhytophthora infestans. Extracts of tuber tissue (0–7 days) from cv. Kennebec infected with race “0” showed a strong increase in phytoalexin production and in chitinase and glucanase activities when compared with those infected with race “C”. These results indicate that race “C” is able to block defensive reactions. No significant differences were observed in cv. Huinkul infected with both races. The contribution of these reactions to horizontal resistance is unknown, and our results would not support a conclusive role for them in the interaction.
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    Characterisation of genes isolated from a potato swellingstolon cDNA library (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 31-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuberisation ; extensin ; acyl carrier protein thioesterase ; high mobility group protein ; gene expression ; plant development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In screening to isolate a full-length copy of a previously isolated cDNA clone, a further three cDNAs were also isolated from a library prepared from sub-apical swelling-stolon tissue of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sequence analysis showed these clones to be similar to extensin-like protein genes, acyl carrier protein thioesterase genes and high mobility group protein genes, respectively. A further cDNA, isolated by subtractive hybridisation, was similar to a tomato cDNA previously isolated on the basis of its down-regulation following nematode infection. While all the newly isolated genes were expressed in swelling stolons, for most, maximal expression was seen to be in stem tissue. Possible roles for these genes in the development of potato plants are discussed, as is the significance of gene expression in stems and stolons to the process of tuberisation.
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    Residues of free and bound maleic hydrazide in potato tubers (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 89-93 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: analysis ; HPLC ; β-glucoside ; 1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The method of Vadukul (1991) for determining maleic hydrazide (MH) was modified and gave recoveries of free MH of 89%±4%. The values recorded on individual tubers ranged from 2–14 mg kg−1. Maleic hydrazide was evenly distributed throughout the tuber (peel, outer and inner flesh) but concentration increased slightly as tuber size increased. The concentration of free MH decreased from 7 to 3 mg kg−1 over the storage period of 5 1/2 months. Acid hydrolysis released substantial amounts of MH particularly from older potatoes (13 mg kg−1) compared with 6 mg kg−1 from new potatoes, implying that free MH is gradually converted to a bound form with time after treatment. No evidence was found for the presence of a β-glucoside of MH.
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    World trends and patterns in the potato crop: An economic and geographic survey (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 241-264 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: global distribution ; prospects ; diversification ; specialization ; price risk ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We examine the changing character of supply and demand for potatoes over time and space with an eye towards implications for agricultural research. Diversification in consumption and specialization in production are our organizing themes. The foundation for comparative analysis is a map of the global distribution of potato growing area. We highlight the adverse impact of price risk on specialization and discuss several sources of uncertainty that condition the size but not the direction of major trends.
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    In vitro production of potato microtubers in liquid medium using temporary immersion (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 499-504 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; microtuber ; liquid medium ; temporary immersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary CIRAD developed a new apparatus for plant tissue culture, using temporary immersion in a liquid medium. This apparatus was adapted to the microtuber production in potato. The procedure is as follows: single node cultivation on MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose in the light for 2 weeks, induction of microtuberisation with 80 g/l sucrose over a 2 week period in the light, followed by a further 6 weeks in the dark. All experiments were performed at 20 °C. The basic vessel had a capacity of approximately 11;30 nodes were cultivated per vessel. Depending on the cultivars tested (Bintje, Ostara and Désirée) 47 to 115 microtubers were harvested per vessel. Between 30 and 60% of the microtubers weighted over 0.5 g and between 10 and 40% over 0.8 g. Sprouting is still under investigation. Preliminary results indicate that the dormancy period was relatively short and several stems were obtained per microtuber. These results seem to be better than those usually reported. Only one simple protocol has been tested and further improvements are probably easy to obtain.
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    Verification of sap flow by heat balance method on three potato cultivars (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 267-276 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; transpiration estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A heat balance method for measuring sap flow in actively growing plants was tested on three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Monona, Norchip and Atlantic. The method is based on applying a known heat source to the stem of an intact plant: by measuring the axial and radial heat dissipation the magnitude of sap flow can be quantified. The technique shows promise as 24 h accumulated sap flow measurements were highly correlated (r2=0.935, n=36) with gravimetric measurements of transpiration and produced an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 20 g d−1. The accuracy of the method improved as daily accumulated flow increased. Under low daily flow rates overall RMSE increased, supporting the need for a heat storage term in the heat balance equation. Short term flow rates were less significantly correlated (r2=0.764, n=1572) and produced an average RMSE of 2.89 g h−1. Identification of these short term flow rates during high flow periods may be difficult. The presence of water potential gradients and the likelihood of re-hydration during high flow events may have also affected the short term performance of the method. At low flow rates, many different errors may be introduced.
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    Relationship between potato cyst nematodes and their principal host. III. Consistency and accuracy of nematode density — yield descriptors as influenced by seasonal variation (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; cultivars ; maturity-class ; precipitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In three seasons, 21 potato cultivars, ranging in maturity from very late to mid-early, were grown on sandy and sandy peat soils naturally infested with potato cyst nematodes. The levels of infestation ranged from very low to very high. Between growing seasons, weather conditions differed greatly from very dry and hot to rather cool and wet. The data obtained were used to establish the effect of different growing seasons on the initial nematode density — tuber yield relationship and to evaluate the fit of the several equations describing this relationship. Over the three experimental years, the equations elaborated by Oostenbrink (1966) and Elston et al. (1991) described this relationship with the most accuracy and consistency. There were high year effects on yield, but as tolerance was not affected by the yearly fluctuations, the results suggest that testing for tolerance can be adequately done in any single year.
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    In vitro induction of potato tuberization by organic acids (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; microtubers ; acetic acid ; propionic acid ; asscorbic acid ; salicylic acid ; acetylsalicylic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato microtubers are usually induced in media containing growth regulatory, typically cytokinins and growth retardants. However, since these substances may imbalance the physiology of the cultured explants and cause adverse carry-over effects on the subsequent performance of the microtubers, the potential acid-induction of in vitro-mass tuberization was investigated as an alternative. For this purpose, a range of explant types (stolons, single-node or apex-containing multinodal sections), organic acids (acetic, propionic, ascorbic, acetylsalicylic or salicylic acid), and photoperiods (continuous dark, 8 or 16 h photoperiod) were established. Gellified medium or raft membranes on liquid medium were also tested. Although variations due to explant type, photoperiod, organic acid supplemented, and medium type were found, all organic acids tested under the different experiments caused tuberization. Multiple tuber formation or bigger tubers did not develop on multinodal explants. In terms of tuberization rate and mean tuber weight, gellified medium performed better than liquid medium with rafts. The recently established role of the salicylic and acetylsalicylic acids on tuberization is corroborated by our system. The results with the acetic, propionic and ascorbic acids show that in vitro hormone-free tuberization can be easily and rapidly achieved.
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    Tuberization in potato at high temperatures: response of physiologically young plants to disbudding and growth inhibitors (1985)
    Springer
    Potato research 28 (1985), S. 267-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; gibberellin ; abscisic acid ; CCC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In physiologically young plants (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Sebago), abscisic acid (ABA) and chlorethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) promoted tuberization at day/night temperatures of 32°/18°C, but not at 32°/28°C, in contrast to earlier experiments with physiologically old plants. Disbudding promoted tuberization at both temperatures. These results suggest that physiologically young plants have a greater capacity for increased gibberelling synthesis in the buds at high temperatures.
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    Effects of photoperiod, night temperature, and irradiance on flower production in the potato (1988)
    Springer
    Potato research 31 (1988), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: flower bud abortion ; true potato seed ; shading ; tuberization ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of three environmental factors on the incidence of arrested floral development (bud abortion) in different potato clones was studied. The first experiment measured flower production in growth chambers when a 12-h photoperiod was extended by 4 h dim light. The second experiment, also in growth chambers, contrasted flower production under night temperatures of 10°C and 20°C (day temperature 30°C, photoperiod 12 h). A third experiment examined bud abortion in plants grown in the greenhouse under shade cloths which reduced incoming irradiance to ca. 50% of normal. Both the longer photoperiod and warmer night temperature promoted flower production, in some of the clones tested, by reducing bud abortion. Reduced irradiance completely suppressed flower development (but not bud formation) in all clones. In all experiments, the number of flowers developing to anthesis was significantly correlated with shoot dry weight, indicating that treatments which promote shoot growth reduce the incidence of bud abortion.
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    A device for measuring the growth of individual potato tubers non-destructively and precisely (1988)
    Springer
    Potato research 31 (1988), S. 137-143 
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    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber growth ; tuber size ; volume increase ; bulking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A device for measuring the short-term fluctuations in volume of individual tubers is described. Its accuracy is mostly independent of tuber growth stage, shape and malformations. The coefficient of variation of volume of a tuber of 40 cm3 was usually well below 0.15% when the tuber was measured four times.
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    Effects of soil-borneRhizoctonia solani Kühn on yield and quality of ten potato cultivars (1989)
    Springer
    Potato research 32 (1989), S. 367-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: rotation ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; stem canker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of soil-borneRhizoctonia solani on yield and quality of potato were studied by an extensive individual plant sampling procedure. From 1983 to 1986, stem canker and stolon pruning were examined in 10 768 plants growing on a sandy soil. Tuber yield and quality and haulm yield per plant were also recorded. The degree of attack byR. solani depended on the cropping frequency of potato. Severe and very severe stem and stolon attacks decreased fresh yield, dry matter yield and dry matter content of tubers and increased the number of deformed and small tubers, whereas the effect on haulm yield and stem number was small. Potato cultivars differed in susceptibility toR. solani, but yield response did not differ significantly between cultivars at the same levels of stem and stolon infection.
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    A simple non-destructive technique for healthy and diseased leaf area assessment of potato plants (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: LAI ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Phytophthora infestans ; precision ; disease severity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A method for assessing the leaf area of potato plants was based on the number of leaves coinciding with imaginary vertical lines descending from a horizontal grid of points above the plant or crop canopy. Leaves seen through each vertically aligned pair of holes in a perforated double table, covering the midpoint of the exposed area, were counted and moved aside one by one, until the ground was seen. For both green and diseased surfaces the leaf area, or its horizontal component, was calculated as the product of sum of records and the grid cell size. Tested against a destructive method, the technique worked equally well for healthy and diseased leaf area of potato plants infected byPhytophthora infestans. The theoretic estimate of the standard error for a single measurement was derived as the geometric mean of the leaf area and the grid cell size. The method is also suitable forLAI of crop stands.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358066
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    Model calculations for the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrition on the behaviour of potato tubers in storage (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; NPK nutrition ; tuber weight losses ; chemical composition changes ; vitamin C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Empirical mathematical models are described for calculating the effects of varying supplies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on pot and field grown tubers. Through optimization and simulation, potato tuber fresh and dry weight losses and chemical composition changes (ascorbic acid, citric acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose, nitrate) are calculated over a 6-month period of storage at 4°C. The effects of variation in single nutrients as well as of increasing N fertilization on storage are calculated. Calculations giving the maximum vitamin C content at harvest and after storage indicate the nutrient supply required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358073
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  • 85
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    Screening tuber-bearingSolanum spp. for resistance to soft rot caused byErwinia carotovora ssp.atroseptica (van Hall) Dye (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; blackleg ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica is a major disease of stored potatoes. Since varietal resistance can contribute to control, the work reported was designed to find new sources of resistance among related tuber-bearing Solanum spp. True seeds were imported from two international collections and families were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot. Forty-eight resistant clones were found in 21 out of 100 accessions. These clones will be used in breeding programmes at the diploid or tetraploid level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358077
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  • 86
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    Effect of haulm treatments on the formation of microsclerotia ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. on potato (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In four pot experiments, potato plants of cv. Element were artificially infected withV. dahliae. At an early and a late harvest haulms were killed chemically, by burning or by various other treatments, including cutting them into pieces of different lengths and keeping the debris on the soil surface or covering with soil. After 4 weeks the plant material was air-dried and the number of microsclerotia per mg was determined. At the early harvest, in two experiments, the chemical treatment yielded more microsclerotia than the cutting treatments. Covering colonised haulm tissue with non-sterilised soil was effective in inhibiting microsclerotia formation. Shorter haulm pieces led to fewer microsclerotia at the later harvest if the material was kept on the soil surface. The variation in microsclerotial yield and in treatment effects among the different experiments was large.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357928
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  • 87
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    Internodal elongation: A potential screening technique for heat tolerance in potato (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Heat stress ; Leaf bud cutting ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In pot culture experiments over 2 consecutive years, 20 potato genotypes of varying heat tolerance were grown under long day conditions and heat stressed by being exposed to high (38 °C/21 °C mean day/night) temperature. The percent increase in mean internode length of heat stressed plants over those grown at normal temperatue (25°C/16°C day/night) was correlated with the percent tuber dry matter yield of the heat stressed plants (r=0.618, P=0.01). In the same 20 genotypes, grown under short day conditions at normal temperature, the fraction of leaf bud cuttings exposed to high night temperature (23°C) that produced tuber initials correlated with the percentage increase in internode elongation in stem cuttings exposed to 25°C compared with those exposed to 15°C (r=0.680. P=0.01). Thus the relative changes in internode elongation are related to thermal tolerance, and it is suggested that this can be used as a selection criterion for heat tolerance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357931
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  • 88
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    Response of potato tubers to hypoxia followed by re-aeration (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: adenylate energy charge ; fermentation ; lipid peroxidation ; posthypoxia ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato tubers kept under hypoxia (1%) showed improved viability in comparison to anoxia, which was associated with the maintenance of intermediate adenylate energy charge values (A.E.C.=0.6) and stable adenylate pools at 50% of the initial levels. Re-admission of oxygen to the tuber resulted in an almost full recovery of adenylate energy charge and total adenylates after up to 3 days of hypoxic pretreatment. Tubers exhibited a mixed fermentation. The high lactate, ethanol and acetaldehyde levels proved to be non toxic. Ethanol was degraded to acetaldehyde during re-aeration. Posthypoxic lipid peroxidation was indicated by malondialdehyde and ethane formation. Both products occurred with a temporary delay and in lower amounts compared to post-anoxia. Ethylene release was also considerably smaller. Severe hypoxia and posthypoxia postponed tissue death compared to anoxia. Survival was correlated with an improved energy supply which stabilized membranes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359905
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  • 89
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    Effects of soil characteristics on the relationship between potato cyst nematodes and yield. II. Acidity (soil pH) (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Globodera pallida ; soil type ; cultivar ; damage ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The sandy and sandy peat soils of the northeast of The Netherlands are mineralogically very poor and acid. Independently of potato cyst nematode infestations, there is a considerable negative effect of increasing soil pH on potato tuber yield. Potato cyst nematode infections aggravate the effect of soil pH in depressing yield. It was shown that both potato cyst nematode infection and increasing soil pH values reduce the buffering capacity of the root system. Testing for yield as well as for tolerance to potato cyst nematode infection should be made at a range of soil pH values, similar to those found in the target area. This refers to active breeding programmes as well as to the selection of cultivars for yield trials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357996
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  • 90
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    Comparative performance of potato crops raised from microtubers induced in the dark versus microtubers induced in light (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 407-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; in vitro propagation ; seed production ; green microtubers ; white microtubers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The performance of potato crops raised from two types of microtuber, green (induced in light-dark photoperiod) and white (induced in continuous darkness), of 18 genotypes was studied for 22 morphological and agronomic characters. Mean squares due to microtuber type, genotype and their interaction were mostly significant for various characters. Green microtubers were better than white microtubers for subsequent crop performance for most of the characters including tuber yield and general impression. This was mainly due to more eyes and shorter dormancy in green microtubers than in white microtubers. The in vitro system of microtuberization by serial culture of axillary buds in separated nodes, as used in the present study, was found to be genetically stable for the propagating material.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358000
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  • 91
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    Comparison of hydroponic culture and culture in a peat/sand mixture and the influence of nutrient solution and plant density on seed potato yields (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: minitubers ; in vitro plants ; autumn-winter cycle ; spring-summer cycle ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two culture systems for propagating first generation potatoes were compared; the traditional system used a peat/sand mixture with mineral fertilizer, and hydroponic culture used perlite and nutrient solution. Total production and the number of tubers obtained using the hydroponic system were significantly higher than using the traditional culture system. Tuber yields from in vitro plants and minitubers depended upon time of year. During the autumn/winter cycle yield from minitubers was double that from in vitro plants, whereas the reverse was true during the spring/summer cycle. Four hydroponic test cultures were carried out to study the influence of seed density. The number of tubers obtained increased significantly with seed density but there was no decrease in the number of large-diameter tubers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358003
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  • 92
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    The effect of seed-and soilborne inoculum ofColletotrichum coccodes on the incidence of black dot on potatoes (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: prochloraz ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; soil treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soil in a potato field naturally infested with black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) was fumigated with methyl bromide at 126 g m−2 or left unfumigated. Potato seed tubers (cv. BP1) uninfected, lightly infected (1–25% surface affected), severely infected (26–100% surface affected) and severely infected withC. coccodes but dusted with prochloraz manganese chloride as Octave 2.5% DP at 750 g per 100 kg seed were planted in fumigated and unfumigated soil. When harvested, the incidence of black dot on the progeny of infected seed planted in unfumigated soil was twice that of progeny in fumigated soil, with progeny of uninfected seed having a 68.5 times higher disease incidence in unfumigated soil. Black dot on progeny tubers was reduced by pre-treatment of seed with prochloraz in fumigated soil only. With black dot infested fields, planting disease-free seed or treating seed with fungicides would not decrease disease on progeny tubers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360261
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  • 93
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    Innovative propagation methods in seed tuber multiplication programmes (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 439-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: vitroplantlets ; microtubers ; minitubers ; genetic stability ; storage and physiological age ; field performance ; seed production programmes ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of large volumes of vitroplantlets and greenhouse tubers for increasing the rate of multiplication at the start of seed programmes provides the opportunity of reducing the total number of field generations grown before the seed moves into commerce. This implementation is especially useful for countries where high quality potato seed tubers cannot be produced because there are no vector-free production areas. This review covers the following steps: a) laboratory production of microplantlets and microtubers; b) minituber production in the glasshouse; c) storage and dormancy of micro- and minitubers; d) field performance of micro- and minitubers compared with conventional seed tubers; e) incorporation of the mentioned propagules in seed production systems. Many optimized protocols are already available for propagating plantlets, inducing microtubers and obtaining minitubers in the glasshouse at all periods of the year. Advanced molecular approaches techniques (RFLP and RAPD) to detect genetic variation in the progeny of these propagules have been described. Investigations carried out in this field have shown genetic stability, with the propagules usually reproducing plants true-to-type and tubers without deviants. By contrast, variations were demonstrated in DNA extracted from old suspension cell culture. Field trials assessed a lower yield potential crops from in vitro propagules compared with conventional seed tubers., mainly due to slow early crop development and the failure of plants caused by early stress after emergence. This may cause problems when the growing season is short because of the necessity for planting late to avoid night frosts and the mandatory haulm killing dates, common in many seed producing areas. Strategies for improving the field performance of micro- and minitubers are discussed. The most promising crop husbandry techniques appear to be: a) using tubers of a suitable physiological age, properly presprouted and encapsulated; b) optimizing the time application of fertilizer and irrigation, and c) using floating films. Outside the classical seed tuber areas of Northern Europe where the length of the growing period for pre-basic seed is usually not more than 80 days, the growing season is long enough to obtain reasonable yields even from micro- and minitubers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358004
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    Effect of inorganic nitrogen nutrition on cytokinin-induced potato microtuber production in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: in vitro tuberization ; micropropagation ; mineral nutrition ; seed potato production ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of inorganic nitrogen nutrition on the induction and development of microtubers by cytokinin-induced tuberization was studied in four potato genotypes belonging to different maturity groups. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a reduction in total nitrogen level in the Murashige & Skoog medium would improve cytokinin-induced tuberization rate. The effect of three levels of total nitrogen (15, 30 and 45 meq) on tuberization was studied at constant (20 meq K) and varying potassium levels approximating to 5, 10 and 15 meq. Reducing the total nitrogen supply increased the number but decreased the size of nitrogen level on the rate of assimilate partitioning (harvest index) during cytokinin-induced microtuberization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358191
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    A review of potato propagation by means of seed, as distinct from clonal propagation by tubers (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 191-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; propagation by sexual seed ; vegetative propagation ; socio-economic potential ; potatoes in the tropics ; breeding ; true potato seed (TPS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The vast majority of cultivated potatoes are vegetatively propagated, outbred autotretraploids. Disease problems dominate the maintenance of vegetative stocks. There have been recent proposals to propagate the crop by sexual seed in order to evade some of those disease problems. Some success has been achieved but controlled crosses are necessary to avoid inbreeding depression and seed propagation is not as cheap or simple as had been hoped. The idea has evoked wide interest throughout the tropics and has had some (and increasing) practical impact on China, India and Vietnam. There is a strong tendency to use ‘tuberlets’ borne on crowded nursery plants rather than to grow true seedlings. Some seedling families have looked locally attractive but it is not always realised that to use them implies the abandonment of about half the genetic variation, a heavy price to pay for disease avoidance. There is emerging recognition that vegetative and seed propagation are complementary rather than competitive and that good breeding programmes will therefore serve both. This review concentrates upon genetic/plant breeding aspects of propagation by seed, a subject hitherto largely neglected in the literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358245
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    Salinity stress and sodium-potassium interactions in micropropagated potatoes (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: growth parameters ; K+/Na+ ratio ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Increased potassium (K) fertilization of saline soils has been implicated in alleviating salt stress in plants. We examined whether varying K concentrations in Murashige & Skoog (MS: 1962) basal medium could affect salt (NaCl) stress in micropropagated potatoes. Plantlets of cvs Sierra and Russet Burbank were evaluated after 1 month of growth in a medium containing 0. 40, or 80 mM NaCl and 6,20, or 30 mMK. The medium K was adjusted using KNO3 while total nitrogen was kept constant using NH4NO3. Growth parameters were less affected in Sierra than Russet Burbank, and roots were less affected than shoots, as the medium salinity increased. Tissue Na levels were greater when the medium K was 6 mM compared with 20 mM MS control. The medium K concentration 50% greater than MS control did not promote growth and did not limit tissue Na levels. While this should be confirmed by field assessment, our results suggest that while K deficiency promotes salt damage, its addition beyond the usual fertilizer recommendations is not beneficial in alleviating salinity stress.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358392
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  • 97
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    Potato minituber production from nodal cuttings compared to wholein vitro plantlets using low volume media in a greenhouse (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; propagules ; tissue culture ; plastic trays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A greenhouse minituber production system involving low inputs of in vitro potato plantlets and propagation media is described, in vitro plantlets of six potato cultivars were sectioned into nodal cuttings and separately planted into moist peat based growing medium in shallow plastic trays. Cultivar differences were evident with respect to node viability, shoot regrowth and minituber yields. Nodal viability for shoot regrowth varied between 80–100%. Maximum shoot heights were recorded with whole in vitro plantlets (WIP) and the terminal Node-5 cluster. All cuttings produced minitubers. The terminal Node-5 cutting and WIP produced significantly larger minitubers 〉3.0 g as compared to single node cuttings. Greater numbers of minitubers were produced by the cvs Norchip, Red Pontiac and Conestoga as compared to cvs Eramosa. G8610-4PY and Shepody. Total numbers of minitubers were 3 to 5 times higher from each in vitro plantlet that was sectioned into nodal cuttings as compared with intact WIP: the yield ratios depended on cultivar.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358071
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    Biological factors influencing the transmission of potato leafroll virus by different aphid species (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: PLRV source ; test plant ; PLRV isolate ; vector efficiency ; Myzus persicae ; Macrosiphum euphorbiae ; Aulacorthum solani ; Aphis gossypii ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357926
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  • 99
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    Possible involvement of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 141-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: FBPase ; PFP ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; low temperature storage ; sugars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In measuring fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11; FBPase) in potato tubers, we used anti PFP antibodies to ensure that the assay was specific for FBPase and that PPi:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.90: PFP) did not contribute to the production of fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P). The involvement of cytosolic FBPase in cold sweetening was determined by monitoring enzyme activity during storage ofSolanum tuberosum cv. Erntestolz tubers at 2 or 8°C. In contrast to the rapid increase in sucrose and reducing sugars, the specific activity of FBPase showed no change and PFP rose slightly during storage at 2°C. Sugar concentrations and enzyme activities remained virtually unchanged during storage at 8°C. These data allow the interconversion of fructose 1.6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2) to Fru-6-P and vice versa by FBPase and PFP, respectively, in potato tubers, but do not support a causal relationship between coarse metabolic control of FBPase and cold-induced sweetening.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358214
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  • 100
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    The resistance of potato plants toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica in relation to their calcium and magnesium content (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: gypsum ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; blackleg ; bacterial soft rot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of adding gypsum (CaSO4) to growing media on the resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (van Hall) Dye of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) stems and mother and daughter tubers was examined in field and glasshouse experiments. The decayin situ of inoculated mother tubers from field plots treated before planting with gypsum was significantly delayed compared with tubers sampled from non-amended plots. Blackleg development was also significantly delayed in the gypsum-amended plots; however, for both mother tubers and stems the increased resistance associated with the application of gypsum later disappeared. Stem resistance tended to be related to tissue calcium and magnesium concentrations which were higher in plots treated with gypsum than in untreated plots. Daughter tubers produced in plots amended with gypsum generally contained a higher concentration of calcium in their cortex and were more resistant to decay byE. carotovora subsp.atroseptica but the effect was not consistent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358218
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