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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (7,321)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1995-1999  (3,566)
  • 1990-1994  (5,129)
  • 1970-1974  (5,023)
  • 1960-1964  (1,162)
  • 1900-1904  (1)
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  • 1
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Techniques and devices used to solve optical problems - compilation
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-SP-5941(01)
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Design optics and technology for large spaceborne astronomical telescopes
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-SP-233 , Apr 29, 1969 - May 01, 1969; HUNTSVILLE, AL; UNITED STATES
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Compilation of electronic test instrumentation and techniques derived from NASA programs
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-SP-5907/02/
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Any study of the origin of the UH nuclei in the cosmic rays requires that their observed abundances be propagated back to the source. This demands a knowledge of the interaction cross sections in the materials of the detectors, any local overlying matter, and the interstellar medium. New measurements of interaction probabilities of 10.6 GeV/n gold nuclei show significant differences from previous measurements made at less than 1.0 GeV/n nuclei. These differences are particularly marked for a hydrogen target. Hence, those cross sections previously measured at low energies should not be applied to cosmic ray observations made at energies greater than or = 2 GeV/n. Without a measurement of the energy dependence of these cross sections it will be difficult to make reliable propagation calculations, since the differences between measured and predicted cross sections are still at the 20 to 30% level.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 15; 6; p. (6)39-(6)48
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We analyze duration and brightness distributions of both the SIGNE Venera 13 and 14 and Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) gamma-ray burst databases. Choosing T(sub 50) as a measure of the burst duration and using both 64 and 1024 ms peak count rates, we search for correlations between duration, peak brightness, and the ratio V identically equals C(sub 64)/C(sub 1024), proposed as a measure of variability by Lamb, Graziani, & Smith. The duration histogram for SIGNE shows a long-duration peak that is consistent with BATSE, but does not exhibit the short population, instead appearing flat below 0.6 s; the difference is presumably caused by the failure of SIGNE to detect the short, faint bursts that were observed by BATSE. Estimating the instantaneous brightness by C(sub 64), we find that SIGNE confirms the BATSE result that the long and short bursts have similar maximum instantaneous brightnesses. Scatterplots between duration, brightness, and V are consistent for both databases; we show that SIGNE confirms the BATSE observation that there is a lack of bursts that are both bright over 1024 ms and contain a short, bright spike.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 421; 2; p. L83-L86
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The properties and the expected performance of a liquid xenon (LXe) gamma-ray imaging telescope, optimized for the MeV energy region, are presented. The unique potential of this telescope as a Compton polarimeter is particularly emphasized. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the modulation factor is as high as 40% at 1 MeV with a detection efficiency close to 20%. These figures of merit, combined with the excellent background suppression capability of the three-dimensional position sensitive LXe detector, yield sensitivity at the 3 sigma level to polarization fractions as small as a few percent for strong sources, even in a balloon flight.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ISSN 0067-0049); 92; 2; p. 689-691
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on the Compton Observatory observed SN 1993J during three intervals centered approximately 12, 30, and 108 days after its outburst. Hard X-ray emission was detected in the first two of these intervals. No emission was seen in the third observation or in two earlier observations in 1991 and 1992. The coincidence of the observed excess with the outburst of SN 1993J and the consistency of the spectra and time evolution with those seen at lower energies by ROSAT and ASCA (Astro-D) argue that the observed emission is indeed from SN 1993J. It is probably due to the interaction of the fast supernova ejecta with circumstellar material. The luminosity, 5 x 10(exp 40) ergs/sec (50-150 keV) in the first interval, is significantly larger than predicted. Extrapolating the spectrum to a few keV accounts for most or all of the observed emission at low energy. The observed high temperature, 10(exp 9) K, is easily obtained in the shocked circumstellar matter, but a surprisingly high density is required there to give the observed luminosity, and little or no additional X-ray emission from denser shocked supernova ejecta is allowed. The hard emission might also be explained in terms of the shocked supernova ejecta itself with unexpectedly high temperature.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal (ISSN 0004-637X); 431; 2, pt; p. L95-L98
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: In spite of strong magnetic shielding by the geomagnetic field, small fractions (1-10 %) of the total high energy, heavy ion intensities of solar and galactic cosmic rays have been observed at energies below theoretical cutoffs for direct entry into the earth's magnetosphere from interplanetary space. We report on measurements of these heavy ions at 10 to 500 MeV/nucleon by cosmic ray composition experiments on the S81-1 satellite in polar orbit during 1982 and on the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) satellite in geosynchronous transfer orbit during 1990-1991.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 15; 1; p. (1)61-(1)64
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Anuradha cosmic ray experiment in Spacelab-3, flown in the orbit at 350 km with an inclination of 57 deg for about six days, was used to measure the low energy galactic cosmic ray (GCR) heavy ions using a specially designed CR-39 detector module incorporating the arrival time information of the particles. The abundances of sub-iron (Sc-Cr) and iron particles in the low energy interval of 30-300 MeV/N were determined from the measurements made in four different depths of the Cr-39 detector module of 150 layers. From these studies we obtained sub-iron (Sc-Cr) to iron abundance ratios of 0.8 to 1.2 in 30-300 MeV/N energy range. It is found that these ratios are enhanced by a factor of two as compared to interplanetary ratios of about 0.5. It is shown that the enhancement of the ratio inside the earth's magnetosphere is probably due to the degree of ionization of low energy Sc to Cr and Fe ions in the galactic cosmic rays and to the rigidity filtering effects of the geomagnetic field. Further studies are needed to understand fully the phenomena and their implications.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy (ISSN 0250-6335); 15; 1; p. 85-94
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We have fabricated and characterized six-element monolithic arrays of Ge:Ga blocked-impurity-band detectors, with threshold wavelength 220 microns, peak quantum efficiency 14 percent, detective quantum efficiency 9 percent, dark current 300 e(-)/s, and response uniformity better than 4 percent. The devices are described very well by the standard model of blocked-impurity-band detectors and appear to satisfy many of the requirements of low-background astronomical instruments.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 74; 6; p. 4199-4206.
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