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  • Articles  (260)
  • Emerald  (260)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    System development conflict during the use of an information systems prototyping method of action research: Implications for practice and research (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 91-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: In one particular action research (AR) methodology, information systems prototyping (ISP), the goals are to involve the researcher in a facilitative and collaborative role with stakeholders in the development of an information system that satisfies their collective needs. But what happens when political and structural conflict and coercive action erupts? This article features an AR case, where the development of an electronic patient record in a heart clinic, resulted in a period of intense structural conflict, and the dismissal of an organizational member. Further analysis suggests that four factors can explain these unusual outcomes and their relationship with the use of an ISP method. These include: the specification of measures and perceptions of success within the AR method (goals); general problems with the AR methodology and/or its clear delineation (processes); problems in using a particular AR methodology in a specific time and place (contingency); and problems with the researcher's implementation of the AR processes (implementation). The study also highlights a number of areas for development of ISP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840110384799
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calling up culture: Information spaces and information flows as the virtual dynamics of inclusion and exclusion (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 353-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Both critics and proponents of globalisation tend to assume that it is a uniform process leading to a flattening of the cultural terrain. In contrast, this paper, using examples from Africa, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan and Canada, demonstrates a more complex interaction between traditional cultural practices and modern communication forms. The new information technologies enable universal access to authentic local voice. Archiving social and cultural practices has historically been the business of museums, universities, and indeed oral traditions of song and poetry. New information technologies provide for cultural continuities and reflexivities: they enable the routine archiving of social and cultural practice at a minimal cost through hypertext, Web pages and universal access. The "globalisation of culture", so often discussed, needs to be reframed with reference to this highly overlooked indigenous capability to archive own culture. This paper attempts to provide such a reframing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840110411158
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empowerment or enslavement?: A case of process-based organisational change in Hong Kong (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 42-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Employee empowerment is commonly a fundamental part of the prescriptions offered to improve business performance. However, business process improvement and many other organisational development and change initiatives tend to encapsulate the values of the societies and organisations in which they were developed - and such values are not universal. The case of a business process re-engineering project in Hong Kong illustrates an attempt to empower team members that paradoxically resulted in their psychological enslavement. The roles of cultural differences and reward systems in producing unintended consequences are analysed while the implications of the case for both research and practice are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840210421516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Making nursing visible? Gender, technology and the care plan as script (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 139-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The objective of this paper is to persuade the reader of the potential benefits to be gained in applying to the study of information systems in Organisations concepts and theoretical tools developed elsewhere in the social sciences. A framework for analysis derived from a combination of feminist theory and social studies of technology (SST) is presented. The key analytical tools of the script and inscription, interpretative flexibility and actant, stabilisation and visibility are discussed. The paper attempts to demonstrate how these tools can be employed to go beyond the stereotypical images of gender and technology, by focusing on contradiction and resistance. An empirical study concerns an automated care planning system used and resisted by nurse users in a UK National Health Service hospital. The discussion is informed by a resultant table describing the outcome of the application of SST tools as well as points made concerning the issue of gender and technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840210430570
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IT project uncertainty, planning and success: An empirical investigation from Kuwait (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 210-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: In this paper, I examine the mediating effect of project planning on the link between three project uncertainty variables (project size, project diversity, and technical complexity) and IT project success in a developing country. The proposed model is validated using a field survey of 42 IT project leaders from Kuwait. The overall findings give support to the proposed model and to the role of project planning as a mediator between project uncertainty and project success. However, the results challenge the traditional conception by past IT implementation research regarding the direct negative role of uncertainty in IT projects. This finding may be understood in light of the different manifestations that uncertainty may have for IT projects in developing countries. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840210444755
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Situating culture in the global information sector (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 306-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Presents a theoretical approach to understanding the local culture of firms in the multinational information sector. Called situating culture, this approach holds that cultural understanding is locally situated, behavioral and embedded in everyday, socially negotiated work practices. The application of this theory is provided through cases from the workplace cultures of US multinational IT firms operating in Ireland. These examples show how the local culture of a global IT firm represents the interaction of industry, corporate and national contexts. It results in locally situated work practices and distinct socially negotiated realities that ultimately impact behavior in these settings. The theoretical approach of situating culture contributes to a better understanding of contextualism in the cross-cultural IT environment. This understanding, in turn, has implications for future cross-cultural IS research as well as for cross-cultural IT practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840210453106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ERP implementation: lessons from a case study (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 21-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Many organizations have moved from stand-alone business information systems applications to integrated enterprise-wide systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP). The implementation of ERP packages has created an opportunity to re-engineer business processes within and beyond the organizational scope. Most notably, SAP R/3 has been widely implemented to create value-oriented business processes that enable a high level of integration, improve communication within internal and external business networks, and enhance the decision-making process. Though many organizations have reported dramatic improvements from SAP R/3 implementation, others have experienced difficulties in getting the R/3 modules aligned with other business components and systems. This paper describes a case study of a failed implementation of SAP R/3 to re-engineer the business processes of a major manufacturer. Lessons in terms of factors that led to failure and their future implications are discussed in the light of the contrasting experiences of several best practice companies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310463005
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Online service marketing and delivery: the case of Swedish museums (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 132-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article addresses service marketing and service delivery over the Internet. Some service activities - information, education and entertainment - can be delivered as well as promoted over the Internet. An empirical study focusing on museums has been carried out. The purpose has been to describe the current use of the Internet by Swedish museums and propose some strategies with regard to its value as a service delivery tool. The 371 Swedish museums that have a homepage have been examined. Of these, 156 museums operate their own Web site. The study has consisted of a content analysis of the sites as well as a questionnaire study and two preliminary in-depth interviews. A cluster analysis was carried out, resulting in four groups being defined. It is found that the use of the Internet is still in its infancy. Three strategies for Internet service delivery are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310478667
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diffusion, design and social shaping of production management information systems in Europe (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 13 (2000), S. 27-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Information systems for production management tend to be promoted by technology suppliers as standardised solutions which form a singular "best practice". However, as these technologies are configurational, the notion of best practice is illusory. Data on the diffusion and design of information systems for production management across four European countries indicate distinctive national differences. It is argued that these can best be explained at two levels: first, national differences in the social institutional networks through which information about these systems is diffused socially shapes patterns of adoption and design; second pre-existing patterns of work design and managerial practices may influence the degree of "fit" between particular design philosophies and prevailing organizational contexts in different countries. Differences in the particular roles of professional association networks and technology suppliers in the diffusion process are explained in terms of different patterns of knowledge sharing across countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840010312744
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focusing on the invisible: the representation of IS in Egypt (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 440-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Despite discussions of the increasingly global character of information systems (IS), IS research remains highly "Western-centric" both in terms of its subjects of study and the nationalities of the authors. Researchers interested in IS in non-Western settings are thus reliant on a fragmented and not easily accessible literature that presents a potentially distorted picture of IS practice in these regions. This paper explores this situation through an examination of the literature relating to IS in Egypt (both directly, but also as a Middle Eastern, Arab or Islamic country). A macro analysis of these studies indicates that they are predominantly positivistic in epistemology, quantitative in methodology and focused on economic development and national culture. Although many of the studies make comparisons with other countries in the region, the explicit, or sometimes implicit, point of reference is almost invariably with "the West". This is repeated in a detailed analysis of individual studies. Implications of these findings for research on IS in non-Western settings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310509653
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Web site accessibility: an online sector analysis (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 87-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), companies must provide customers with disabilities access to their "physical" stores. With the advent of the pure Web store, some wonder if the ADA will extend into "cyberspace". So, are companies ready? This study assesses Web sites to determine their readiness. Results reveal that only 9 percent of the sites have accessible home pages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410522198
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IT and organizational change: an institutionalist perspective (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 13 (2000), S. 234-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article challenges the tendency of the information systems literature to subsume IT innovation in processes of organizational change, either with the role of "enabler" of organizational objectives, or as an instrument appropriated by situated organizational actors. Using institutionalist theory, the relationship between information systems development and organizational transformation is studied as the interaction of two institutionalization processes: the increasing momentum and legitimation of IT innovation; and the organizational efforts for the substitution of established structures and activities with new ones which often do not command adequate legitimacy. Such analysis suggests that IT innovation in organizations is to a large extent sustainable by its own institutional forces, irrespective of contribution to the processes of organizational change. This perspective is demonstrated with the case study of the Mexican oil company, Pemex, where IT projects have played a large part in its transformation from a state-owned to private enterprise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840010359464
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advice for an action researcher (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 12-27 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the role and problems of the socio-technical action researcher at different stages of a project. It is based on the author's personal experience when using action research as a method for assisting the successful democratic design and implementation of information systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840110384753
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploring the assumptions underlying information systems methodologies: Their impact on past, present and future ISM research (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 13 (2000), S. 313-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Assumptions about an object under study can influence research in many ways. These preconceptions color the researcher's perspective, and influence the research purpose, the research questions addressed, and the research methods used. This paper identifies and analyzes the following assumptions regarding information systems methodology (ISM) research: the positive impact of methodologies on the process and product of information system design; the irrationality of design practice; the existence of knowledge about good design practice; the ability to communicate design knowledge to practicing designers; and the ability to change the rationality of design practitioners. The impact of these assumptions on ISM research is examined for the purpose of highlighting limitations of past research and identifying more promising directions for the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840010359509
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action learning and groupware technologies: a case study in GSS facilitation research (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 78-90 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Effective meeting facilitation is recognised as a critical factor in group support systems (GSS) use but relatively little is known about how organisations can train and develop their "electronic meeting facilitators". This article describes an action learning (AL) approach to the training of GSS facilitators. It begins with a description of the three schools of AL. The application of the "experiential" school of AL in GSS facilitation training is then explained. Finally, the article describes some lessons learned for both practitioners and researchers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840110384780
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jordan and ICT-led development: towards a competition state? (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 93-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper describes Jordan's strategy to develop a strong ICT sector that will be internationally competitive. This strategy is analysed in two ways. First, by a comparison with two countries, Ireland and Singapore, with similarities as nation states and which are widely seen as successful in promoting and sustaining strong ICT sectors. Second, through an analysis of Jordan as a competition state where the role of the state is being redefined so as to implement policies in a globalising world. It is found that Jordan exhibits many of the characteristics of a competition state in terms of the promotion of mixtures of public and private partnerships and in developing relations with international agencies and multinational enterprises to create a strong ICT sector. Using these analyses, the prospects for Jordan's initiative are assessed and issues that will be of importance for its success are pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310463032
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Introduction: fragmentation and integration in knowledge management research (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Knowledge management (KM) research lacks a common conceptual core; it is cross-disciplinary, addresses a wide variety of phenomena, and has difficulty distinguishing itself from many related areas of research. The result is a fragmented field that is itself artificially split from the related literature on organizational learning. KM may be progressing through a predictable life-cycle that could end in collapse of the KM concept unless researchers can develop more integrative core theories of learning- and knowledge-related phenomena in organizations. The diverse body of organizational learning and knowledge management research provides an impressive foundation for the synthesis of such broader theories of learning and knowledge that are creative, new, and integrative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310489377
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Issues in designing personal knowledge exchanges: First movers analyzed (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 306-325 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Personal knowledge exchanges refer to Web-based institutions that facilitate the matching of individual sources and recipients of knowledge, structure their interaction, set ground rules for price discovery and support the transfer of knowledge. While these exchanges are patterned on electronic marketplaces for tangible products, they need to accommodate the often tacit, situated and complex nature of knowledge and the challenges associated with its transfer and assimilation. It is by recognizing the specific characteristics of knowledge and associated learning processes that knowledge exchanges can enhance their value for members. Based on theory-driven insights and case studies of first-mover enterprises, implications for research and practice related to the design of personal knowledge exchanges are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310489403
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    The customer is always right, but whose customer is more important?: Conflict and Web site classification schemes (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 419-439 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper takes a social shaping of technology approach to identify and explain sources of conflict in the design or enhancement of corporate Web sites. Data from a multi-case field study show how Web site classification schemes embedded in Web site design elements created intra-organizational conflicts because the schemes could not equally accommodate different sub-units' customer requirements. Interview data demonstrate Web managers' perceptions that Web classification schemes privileged certain sets of customer needs, and Web managers' actions to shape the design of classification schemes to satisfy their perceived customer needs. Data analysis identified three design elements of Web sites associated with sub-unit conflict: classification categories, templates and tool bars, and database entities and attributes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310509644
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  • 20
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    ERP systems and the university as a "unique" organisation (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 31-52 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are widely used by large corporations around the world. Recently, universities have turned to ERP as a means of replacing existing management and administration computer systems. This article provides analysis of the rollout of an ERP system in one particular institution in the UK, the particular focus being on how the development, implementation and use of both generic and university specific functionality is mediated and shaped by a fundamental and long standing tension within universities: this is the extent to which higher education institutions are organisations much like any other and the extent to which they are "unique". The aim of this article is not to attempt to settle this issue of similarity/difference in one way or another. Rather, it seeks to illustrate the value of taking discussions of similarity relationships surrounding the university and other organisations as the topic of analysis. One way of working with these kinds of issues without resolving them is to consider their "distribution" and where ERP shifts the responsibility for their final resolution. This is a novel and insightful way of understanding how ERP systems are refashioning the identity of universities. The article suggests, moreover, that ERP software is "accompanied" by such tensions in which ever site it is implemented. The research presented here is based on a participant observation study carried over the period of three years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410522161
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  • 21
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    Guest editors' introduction:Actor-network theory and information systems. What's so special? (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 116-123 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: In this editorial introduction Allen Lee's definition of the information systems (IS) field is taken as the starting point: "Research in the information systems field examines more than just the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two systems side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact" (Lee, A. "Editorial", MISQ, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2001, p. iii). By emphasizing the last part of this, it is argued that actor-network theory (ANT) can provide IS research with unique and very powerful tools to help us overcome the current poor understanding of the information technology (IT) artifact (Orlikowski, W. and Iacono, S., "Research commentary: desperately seeking the 'IT' in IT research - a call for theorizing the IT artifact", Information Systems Research, Vol. 10 No. 2, 2001, pp. 121-34). These tools include a broad range of concepts describing the interwoven relationships between the social.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410542466
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  • 22
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    Trojan actor-networks and swift translation: Bringing actor-network theory to IT project escalation studies (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 210-238 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This study investigates the potential of actor-network theory (ANT) for theory development on information technology project escalation, a pervasive problem in contemporary organizations. In so doing, the study aims to contribute to the current dialogue on the potential of ANT in the information systems field. While escalation theory has been used to study "runaway" IT projects, two distinct limitations suggest a potential of using ANT: First, there is a need for research that builds process theory on escalation of IT projects. Second, the role of technology as an important factor (or actor) in the shaping of escalation has not been examined. This paper examines a well-known case study of an IT project disaster, the computerized baggage handling system at Denver International Airport, using both escalation theory and ANT. A theory-comparative analysis then shows how each analysis contributes differently to our knowledge about dysfunctional IT projects and how the differences between the analyses mirror characteristics of the two theories. ANT is found to offer a fruitful theoretical addition to escalation research and several conceptual extensions of ANT in the context of IT project escalation are proposed: embedded actor-networks, host actor-networks, swift translation and Trojan actor-networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410542510
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  • 23
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    Computer ethics: the influence of guidelines and universal moral beliefs (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 346-361 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines the influence of computer guidelines and the belief in universal moral rules on ethical intentions regarding the use of computers in the workplace. The results revealed that the interaction between computer guidelines and belief in universal moral rules was significant. Business professionals with a strong belief in universal moral rules exhibited high ethical intentions, regardless of whether or not their organization had clear guidelines concerning the use of company computers. However, for business professionals with a low belief in universal moral rules, the presence of clear computer guidelines had a positive effect on ethical intentions. This investigation provides evidence that computer guidelines are positively related to ethical intentions only for individuals who do not adhere to a belief in universal moral rules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840210453124
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  • 24
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    Key Internet characteristics and e-commerce issues in Arab countries (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 9-20 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This study describes the state of the Internet in Arab countries. It reports certain Internet characteristics and e-commerce issues in the region and brings some of the critical challenges facing the diffusion of the Internet and its applications in Arab countries to the attention of policy makers in these nations. Overall, the review reveals that most Arab countries still have a long way to cover before being able to fully realize the benefits of the Internet.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310462998
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  • 25
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    Egypt and ICTs: How ICTs bring national initiatives, global organizations and local companies together (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 76-92 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The aim of the paper is to move beyond globalisation as a concept and explore processes of globalisation that are linked to ICTs, using Egypt as an example. The paper explores how ICTs have been linked to economic and social development by international agencies such as the UNDP and the World Bank. It focuses on the national initiatives of the Egyptian government to facilitate development through ICTs and shows the variety of agents - other governments, multinationals, international development agencies, new government agencies, local companies - necessary in these plans. We argue that ICT facilitated development has led to the formation of new, and more complex, networks of relations where ICTs act as a common point of interest and where the roles of these diverse actors are redefined in this process. The example of Oracle and the installation of an ERP system in an Egyptian company are used to illustrate these points.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310463041
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    Joining the backstage: locality and centrality in an online community (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 157-182 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The design of viable, small-scale community spaces on the Net is often a hit-or-miss affair. To better understand promising approaches in this design space, it is necessary to go back in time to examine an earlier community technology. A field study is presented of The Castle, a dial-up bulletin board system, that focuses on Disneyland. As a "gathering place for Disney enthusiasts", The Castle is a fascinating, albeit eccentric, online community. The Castle's centrality in the fans' interest network allows it to function as a collecting point. Here people find similar enthusiasts and even those with insider knowledge. Yet, because of the cost structure of dial-up access (an accidental side-effect of the technology), participants are overwhelmingly geographically local, which has useful consequences for social maintenance. It is argued that the geographical locality and centrality of interest allow The Castle to thrive. Most importantly, however, the combination of the two together creates a powerful social dynamic which has been lost in most contemporary online communities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310478676
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    Dangers inherent in the use of techniques: identifying framing influences (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 203-234 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The literature about the development of information systems tends to concentrate on methodologies, techniques and tools. There is significant published research about the potential negative aspects of using methodologies and tools (along with that discussing their potential benefits). Techniques, on the other hand, are seen largely as benign, very often as simple aids to help carry out a task, and are used in many methodologies. They might be seen as supporting the collection, collation, analysis, representation or communication of information about system requirements and attributes (or a combination of these). However, it is argued in this paper that techniques also have negative aspects and there are as many dangers in their use as in using methodologies and tools. In particular, techniques may restrict understanding by framing the ways of thinking about the problem situation. In other words, people's understanding of a problem can be profoundly influenced by how the problem is presented to them by the technique. Different development techniques can represent the same problem situation differently, and the way in which it is represented has considerable potential for influencing problem understanding and resultant decision making. Drawing on the cognitive psychology literature enables one to show how specific visual and linguistic characteristics of techniques may influence problem understanding. In addition, examining the taken-for-granted paradigm of a particular technique provides a further dimension influencing problem understanding. This knowledge of visual/language and paradigm attributes is applied to over 80 techniques used to a greater or lesser extent in IS development, indicating how different types of technique are likely to influence problem cognition. This serves two purposes. First, it exposes potential biases of a particular technique and makes users aware of the potential dangers. Second, the overall categorization may provide guidance to users in selecting appropriate techniques and combinations of techniques to help reduce any negative framing influences, provide a more holistic view of a problem situation and support a more appropriate problem-learning environment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310478694
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    Critical professional education about information and communications technologies and social life (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 394-418 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Looking back over the 1990s, it is easy to see the widespread troubles of many ventures that depended upon advanced IT applications, including business process re-engineering projects, enterprise systems, knowledge management projects, online distance education courses, and, famously, some of the dot-com businesses. These "troubles" vary from substantial underperformance (i.e. projects that were much more costly and/or produced much less social or business value than most of the participating IT professionals anticipated) and many outright failures. Many of these "troubles" could have been avoided (or at least ameliorated) if the participating IT professionals had much more reliable and critical understanding of the relationships between IT configurations, socio-technical interventions, social behavior of other participants in different roles, and the dynamics of organizational and social change. Social informatics is the name of the field that studies and theorizes this topic, and is discussed in more detail in this paper. The key issue addressed in this paper is who will produce social informatics research for IT professionals, and where will they learn about important findings, theories, design approaches, etc.? The paper examines the record of computer science in the US as a major contributor to the relevant research and teaching. It also examines the possibilities for new kinds of academic programs - sometimes called "information schools" and "IT schools" - that are being developed to expand beyond the self-imposed boundaries of computer science and to integrate some organizational and social research as sites for social informatics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310509635
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    Deconstructing information packages: Organizational and behavioural implications of ERP systems (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 8-30 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Argues that the organizational involvement of large scale information technology packages, such as those known as enterprise resource planning (ERP), has important implications that go far beyond the acknowledged effects of keeping the organizational operations accountable and integrated across functions and production sites. Claims that ERP packages are predicated on an understanding of human agency as a procedural affair and of organizations as an extended series of functional or cross-functional transactions. Accordingly, the massive introduction of ERP packages to organizations is bound to have serious implications that precisely recount the procedural forms by which such packages instrument organizational operations and fashion organizational roles. The conception of human agency and organizational operations in procedural terms may seem reasonable yet it recounts a very specific and, in a sense, limited understanding of humans and organizations. The distinctive status of framing human agency and organizations in procedural terms becomes evident in its juxtaposition with other forms of human action like improvisation, exploration or playing. These latter forms of human involvement stand out against the serial fragmentation underlying procedural action. They imply acting on the world on loose premises that trade off a variety of forms of knowledge and courses of action in attempts to explore and discover alternative ways of coping with reality.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410522152
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    Exploring the role of children in adults' adoption and use of computers (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 53-70 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Although we now know much about children's use of information and communications technologies, researchers have yet to consider adequately the roles that children play in shaping adults' computer use. Via household survey data from a randomised sample of 1,001 adults and in-depth interview data from 100 of these initial respondents, this paper explores the meditating roles of children in: the purchasing/acquisition of computers by adults; adults' access to computers; the level and nature of adults' use (and non-use) of computers; how adults learn to use computers; and how adults are supported when using computers. The paper concludes that while children play a variety of roles in adults' (non)adoption and (non)use of computers this influence is often tempered by a range of other factors and, indeed, should not be overstated. For example, while children appear to be a significant "official" factor in parents' and grandparents' adoption of computers they were rarely the sole reason for adults investing time and money in ICT - with a range of other self-orientated reasons usually in attendance. In terms of adults' access to and use of ICT, the demands of children to use computers were a mitigating but not always dominant factor to be considered by parents. Similarly, children appear to play a peripheral role in supporting adults' use of ICT. The paper concludes by considering how the role of children in adults' use of ICT would appear to be often more symbolic than practical;, e.g. as an official justification for buying/adopting a computer rather than as a strong and sustained guiding force.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410522170
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    The nature of the Net: constructing reliability of health information on the Web (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 150-170 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article juxtaposes the history of the book to the current discussions about lay health information on the Internet in order to thoroughly open up the notion of "reliability" that underlies these discussions. It uses the parallels between the two media to improve understanding of what actors are involved and what issues are at stake, as well as how this is consequential for the reliability that is constructed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410542484
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    Contested artifact: technology sensemaking, actor networks, and the shaping of the Web browser (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 186-209 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Much of IT research focuses on issues of adoption and adaptation of established technology artifacts by users and organizations and has neglected issues of how new technologies come into existence and evolve. To fill this gap, this paper depicts a complex picture of technology evolution to illustrate the development of Web browser technology. Building on actor-network theory as a basis for studying complex technology evolution processes, it explores the emergence of the browser using content analysis techniques on archival data from 1993-1998. Identifies three processes of inscribing, translating, and framing that clarify how actors acted and reacted to each other and to the emergent technological definition of the browser. This spiral development pattern incorporates complex interplay between base beliefs about what a browser is, artifacts that are the instantiation of those beliefs, evaluation routines that compare the evolving artifact to collective expectations, and strategic moves that attempt to skew the development process to someone's advantage. This approach clarifies the complex interdependence of disparate elements that over time produced the Web browser as it is known today.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410542501
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    The power of myth in the IT workplace: Creating a 24-hour workday during the dot-com bubble (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 303-326 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The central purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that managers of several IT companies, during the dot-com bubble, used the myths that were readily available in the wider American culture of the time to motivate and manipulate their employees. These managers motivated their employees to put in long hours at the worksite, to be continually on-call, to intensify their work pace, and to self police their co-programming teams. The methods used were qualitative social research including interviews, observations, self-reported organizational charts and time diaries. This is a single case study conducted during a specific period of time. The implications discussed in this paper may provide insight to the managers of IT personnel who seek to motivate their employees to greater efficiency. This paper adds to a discussion on the role of myth in managing IT personnel.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410554201
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    On the emancipatory role of rural information systems (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 407-422 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The use of information technology in rural and underserved settings is receiving increasing attention because of the immense potential it brings for improving the quality of life and reducing the digital divide. However, high costs coupled with infrastructure and context-related inhibitors tend to dilute the advantages that are often taken as a set of givens. In this paper we present a case study of a pioneering experience of information system use in a set of villages in southern India. The research proposition for this study is that social processes can form a viable basis for providing sustainability to information communications technology (ICT) initiatives in rural regions. Theoretical support for this study comes from Habermas' theory of communicative action. Given that such information systems are emancipatory in nature, and given that such information systems face many obstacles, the value added by these systems needs to be assessed in terms of their contribution to social capital in addition to economic value added. Our analysis reveals that social processes can be leveraged to accord viability to ICT setups in rural settings. Many social changes, that may have faced resistance or were unexpected, themselves became the reason for keeping the ICT setup. This is so because these changes form the basis of empowerment and a participatory framework that would have been absent earlier. We provide implications for researchers as well as practitioners.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410570267
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    The Internet and socio-economic development: exploring the interaction (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 13 (2000), S. 85-101 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article attempts to gain an understanding of the current and potential impact of the Internet on the four-fifths of the world's population living in developing countries, two-thirds of them poor. First, it attempts to put today's rapid advances in information and communication technology in a broader debate about development and the role of information. Next, it explores the interaction between the Internet and key dimensions of development. Finally, it discusses some key policy implications of Internet diffusion and usage which governments of developing countries will have to address. These include an increasing role for intermediary institutions in the creation and dissemination of relevant knowledge on the Internet in order that the technology is used in a way that is compatible with local development goals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840010339835
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    Investigating the interplay between structure and information and communications technology in the real estate industry (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 163-183 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are reshaping many industries, often by reshaping how information is shared. However, while the effects and uses of ICT are often associated with organizations (and industries), their use occurs at the individual level. To explore the relationships between individual uses of ICT and changes to organization and industry structures, we examined the residential real estate industry. As agents, buyers and sellers increase their uses of ICT, they also change how they approach their daily work. The increasing uses of ICT are simultaneously altering industry structures by subverting some of the realtors' control over information while also reinforcing the existing contract-based structures. This structurational perspective and our findings help to explain why information intermediaries persist when technology-based perspectives would suggest their disappearance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840110695749
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    Implications of the new EU Directive on data protection for multinational corporations (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 142-162 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The 1995 EU Directive on data protection legislation (DPL) ensures free flow of data within the EU. However, the transfer to countries without adequate DPL is generally forbidden. The effect of this Directive on the business of MNCs is still unknown but a few authors foresee major problems for MNCs doing business in Europe. On the eve of the implementation of the new EU data protection directive this preliminary study investigated some of the effects the new DPL Directive might have on MNCs doing business in Europe as seen by representatives of European and US MNCs. The study found that especially those companies transferring customer data across national boundaries are most affected by strict DPL. However, the effects mentioned by interviewees were, in contrast with popular literature on this topic, not exclusively negative. Several positive effects of strict privacy guidelines for MNCs could also be identified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840110695730
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    The performance of information systems through organizational culture (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 247-260 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Analyzes the improvements in organizational behaviour needed to maximize the efficiency of information systems (IS). For this purpose, studies the mutual relationships among information technologies (IT), IS and organizational culture. Then, focuses on how the organizational culture influences this specific process distinguishing between informatic culture and informational culture, the latter being the one allowing an adequate implementation and development of the IS. Finally, underlines the cultural consistency which the implementation of an IS requires. In order to do this, measures the degree of technical and financial feasibility of the IS regarding the quantitative and measurable effort an organization must make to implement it, together with the consistency of this system with the pre-existing culture. When considering the need for a cultural change, argues that the best choice is a "bubble-like" cultural implementation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840110402149
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    Survival of the leanest: intensive knowledge work and groupware adaptation (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 334-352 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Managing knowledge is a value-creating process in most organizations and is particularly important in knowledge-intensive firms. Explores the ways in which groupware might facilitate processes of knowledge creation within a particular type of knowledge-intensive firm. Based on a case study analysis of an expert consultancy where e-mail was used successfully for information and knowledge search, and Lotus Notes was used with mixed results in project working, argues that the complexity of articulating the knowledge creation process can be reduced by using e-mail. Furthermore, e-mail, when considered in context, is potentially a rich medium for the development of collective knowledge over time despite its purported lean characteristics. Also concludes that, although distributed Lotus Notes databases can obviously alleviate temporal and spatial complexity, this media lacks the richness required for complex processes of knowledge creation. Thus, where temporal and spatial constraints do not exist, there will be substantial barriers for using groupware to support processes of knowledge creation in this type of knowledge-intensive firm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840110411149
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    "It was a great system": Face-work and the discursive construction of technology during information systems development (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 385-405 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper examines discursive strategies deployed by individuals to manage the deinstitutionalization of technology during IS development. In particular, the strategy of face-work is an inevitable response to requirements analysis, because it centers on identifying "problems". Directly implicated are individuals who work with the legacy system, thus threats to face and place within the organization are inescapable. This research shows that individuals save face by valorizing the past. This face-work is accomplished through constructing the legacy system as a great system of the past and by confessing to previous transgressive acts with this system that attests to their technological competence. Both strategies are an intricate part of identity negotiations that serve to secure an individuals' place in the organization. In this study, the presence of expert consultants and researcher gave expression to particular skewed power relations during the interviews. Thus, face-work is profoundly influenced by the discursive field in which it takes place. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006518
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    Odd girl out: an individual differences perspective on women in the IT profession (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 98-118 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper develops a theoretical perspective on gender and information technology (IT) by examining socio-cultural influences on women who are members of the information technology profession in Australia and New Zealand. In-depth interviews with both practitioners and academics give evidence of a range of socio-cultural influences on the professional development and working lives of women IT professionals. The paper rejects the essentialist view of women and their relationship to IT that has been put forth in the information systems literature arguing, instead, the primacy of societal and structural influences. The particular contribution of this paper is a theoretical perspective of individual differences which is presented to characterize the way individual women respond in a range of specific ways to the interplay between individual characteristics and environmental influences. This perspective contributes to a better understanding of women's involvement in the IT sector and suggests areas for proactive policy response.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840210430552
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    Discontinuities and continuities: a new way to understand virtual work (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 191-209 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: "Virtual" is a potent buzzword, freely applied to many situations, with many meanings. In this exploratory study, we develop a more precise understanding of "virtual" to describe changing work environments. Specifically, we propose a framework to classify work environments based on the type of discontinuities involved. Discontinuities are gaps or a lack of coherence in aspects of work. The framework allows us to compare research across different topics and work settings. We use the framework to classify 75 published articles on virtual work environments or earlier, related research streams. We observed that many studies were simultaneously addressing existing or emerging continuities, factors or strategies for overcoming discontinuities. The focus of "virtual" is on changes in the work environment; however, our analysis suggests the need to be equally aware of factors that have not changed and which may become more critical with the introduction of discontinuities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840210444746
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    Organizational options for resolving the tension between IT departments and business units in the delivery of IT services (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 286-305 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The organization of companies' information technology (IT) functions has been studied and described in three ways: on a centralization-decentralization continuum, on the basis of technological architecture, and, for multinational companies, as reflective of their strategic focus. This research proposes a classification of organizational structures based on the tension between business units and IT departments in the delivery of IT services. Using a cluster analysis on a sample of 40 companies having corporate offices in the USA or The Netherlands, it identifies four basic structures or patterns that describe the similarities and differences in the way IT services are handled. The paper then describes the implications of these structures for companies that are considering the redesign or restructure of their information technology function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840210453098
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    Designing and implementing culturally-sensitive IT applications: The interaction of culture values and privacy issues in the Middle East (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 49-75 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The Internet, World Wide Web, and related information technologies, originally developed in Western countries, have rapidly spread to a great variety of countries and cultures. Many of these technologies facilitate and mediate interpersonal communication, an activity whose modes and means bind closely to cultural values. This article provides a theoretical integration of a framework for culture values together with a model for understanding privacy and related issues that arise when personal information is shared or exchanged using information technology. The resulting hybrid framework can help understand and predict individuals' culturally linked reactions to various communication-related IT applications (e.g. e-mail, e-commerce sites, Web-logs, bulletin boards, newsgroups) in diverse cultural contexts. An application of the framework to cultural settings in Middle Eastern nations concludes the article.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310463023
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    Managing information systems for service quality: a study from the other side (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 183-202 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: System quality, information quality, user IS characteristics, employee IS performance and technical support are identified as important elements that influence service quality. A model interrelating these constructs is proposed. Data collected through a national survey of IS departments in electric utility firms was used to test the model using regression and path analysis methodology. The results suggest that system quality, information quality, user IS characteristics, through their effects on employee IS performance, influence service quality, while technical support influences service quality directly. The results also suggest that employee IS performance contributes more to service quality compared with technical support. Implications of this research for IS theory and practice are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310478685
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    Supporting post-Fordist work practices: A knowledge management framework for supporting knowledge work (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 289-305 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper examines the role of knowledge management and knowledge management systems for supporting knowledge work. In a work environment, knowledge is always situated in a specific context, so an organization benefits from a knowledge management system when such a system is focused on a specific task. Providing support for knowledge work at the task level complements the work practices of actors performing the task. The paper suggests that knowledge management systems can be implemented as intelligent decision support that establishes a joint cognitive process between the system and the actor performing the task. The proposed approach has been derived from our application of a knowledge management framework to a number of field studies. These applications come from various domains and highlight different aspects of the proposed framework. The focus on task performance, as a driving force for knowledge management, unifies these field studies. The paper identifies the issues that emerge from these studies and describes their contribution to the development of the framework. The paper concludes that by privileging knowledge work, task-based knowledge management can be an effective knowledge management strategy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310489395
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    The challenge of knowledge management systems: Analyzing the dynamic processes underlying performance improvement initiatives (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 326-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Knowledge management systems and related initiatives have become a popular focus in many firms, yet many knowledge management systems initiatives fail to achieve their goals. Focuses on systems that are implemented to achieve deliberate performance improvement objectives in organizations, rather than to support discretionary communication. Employs constructs from system dynamics - a discipline that recognizes that the relationships between complex organizing technologies and human behavior are dynamic, evolving, and interconnected. Drawing from recent studies employing system dynamics, proposes a framework to analyze the implementation challenges posed by knowledge management systems adopted as part of a deliberate performance improvement program. Illustrates the framework with a case study of an initiative within a university "help desk" department where conflicting incentives hindered employees' efforts to leverage the systems. The framework underscores the complex and interdependent effects triggered by managers' actions and cognitions, in conjunction with users' actions and cognitions. Offers insights for practitioners and researchers to recognize the downward spiral that can occur when conflicting incentives thwart the behavioral changes required for performance improvement initiatives to succeed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310489412
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    Applying triple loop learning to planning electronic trading systems (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 461-483 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Previous research has highlighted the need to examine the appropriateness of existing information systems methods in the context of electronic business environments. This paper argues for a re-examination of the suitability of current planning practices in light of the complexity of developing electronic business systems. In particular, the paper illustrates that planning and developing business-to-business electronic trading systems (ETS) is fraught with difficulties associated with the priorities and power of individual actors in participant organisations. The authors discuss triple loop learning (TLL), an approach that deals with diverse requirements and power issues, and argue that it may assist in overcoming some of the problems identified. The study aims to analyse the theoretical usefulness of the concepts of triple loop learning in the context of planning inter-organisational ETS. Using the data gathered from case studies of three inter-organisational networks, the authors argue that approaches associated with TLL can offer insight into managing inter-organisational systems complexities, and can thereby enhance planning methods for ETS.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840310509662
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    Situating gender: students' perceptions of information work (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 71-86 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Young people entering their first year of university studies were asked to give their impressions of 12 high knowledge and information sector occupations. Their perceptions yield a complex set of expectations that are consistent, in large measure, with experts' predictions of the information sector's occupational winners and losers. The majority of students aspire to be self-employed or to work in the private, rather than the public sector. Of the occupations included in the study, the students perceived the occupation "librarian" most negatively in terms of skill, status, compensation and future opportunity, unlike, for example, the similar occupation, "Internet researcher". The results are discussed in term of the complex interactions of gender, computing, and skill on the attractiveness of difference types of work.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410522189
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    Tracing the trajectories of issues, and their democratic deficits, on the Web: The case of the Development Gateway and its doubles (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 124-149 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article explores the ways in which actor-network theory (ANT) invites an alternative account of democratic process, namely in terms of issue-formation, which is particularly well suited to the study of democratic practices facilitated by information and communication technologies (ICT). Engaging with arguments that have been made in political theory in favor of the re-invigoration of institutional and extra-institutional forms of democratic debate, this article argues that a re-valuation of issue-politics is more than timely. In this respect, actor-network theory is a particularly fruitful approach, since it provides the conceptual and methodological equipment to account for democracy in terms of processes of issue formation. Such an account of democracy, it is argued, is particularly appropriate to the study of ICT-based democratic processes, since in the context of ICT distributed networks that configure around particular issues can be seen to emerge as the carriers of democratic process. Moreover, ANT provides the conceptual and methodological tools for the development of a research practice of tracing public controversies as they are enacted in such networks on the Web. In tracing a particular controversy on the Web, around the Development Gateway, a portal for development information set up by the World Bank, one begins to articulate an alternative understanding of the significance of ICT for institutional as well as extra-institutional forms of democracy. A number of requirements on effective democratic action, as facilitated by ICT, are derived from the case study, which move beyond the requirement of social networking, i.e. the building of partnerships, and informational networking, i.e. the exchange of knowledge and opinion. Issue-networking here comes to the fore as indispensable to democratic politics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410542475
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    Media transitions: The cases of digital imagery and e-mail (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 252-267 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper presents a framework for understanding the technological change and its impacts on environments where multiple versions of a technology exist simultaneously. Both orienting and limiting role of physical (skeumorph) and conceptual metaphors on the products, processes, and user experience in changing from a familiar functional implementation to the one employing new media is illustrated using examples showing the transition from wet photography to digital imagery and from surface mail to e-mail. People use physical (skeumorph) and conceptual metaphors to orient themselves with new technology by understanding new functions in terms of earlier technological versions. Since new technology is adopted at varying rates and varying times, multiple versions exist at any given time. Sometimes expectations appropriate for earlier technological iterations obscure the challenges and possibilities presented by the new media implementation. This paper examines how new technologies challenge and are challenged by the contexts into which they are introduced. By understanding the function that physical (skeumorph) and conceptual metaphors play in facilitating technological change, we can become more conscious of the discontinuities between the new technological iteration and earlier implementations to gain deeper awareness about how "the new" functions differently and to help us engage new technology closer to its own terms and open up new possibilities for its use.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410554175
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    Personal characteristics as predictors of job satisfaction: An exploratory study of IT managers in a developing economy (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 327-338 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The impact of information technology (IT) on society is tremendous. Globalization of trade, the emergence of information economies, and the growth of the Internet and other global communications networks have recast the role of information systems in managing global corporations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which personal characteristics such as gender, age, education, income, and experience predict IT managers' job satisfaction in Nigeria. A sample of 360 IT managers selected from business organizations in Nigeria were used for this research. The results of this study suggest that IT managers were satisfied with their job, co-workers, and supervision, whereas they were dissatisfied with their pay and the promotion system. The results of regression analyses also showed that personal characteristics were significant predictors of job satisfaction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410554247
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    Trust and temporary virtual teams: alternative explanations and dramaturgical relationships (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 423-441 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The paper uses the dramaturgical perspective for conceptualising trust development within temporary virtual teams. The underlying assumption is that temporary teams do not have the luxury of time that, according to the traditional trust theories, enables familiarity among team members and promotes trust development. Yet, in these teams, trust needs to develop quickly and it is important that it lasts throughout the short duration of the project lifecycle. Using the metaphor of a theatre, a dramaturgical perspective on trust relationships is adopted and is used to present actors, co-actors and audience as all playing a key role in scripting, staging and performing virtual plays. The dramaturgical perspective provides an illustrative approach for uncovering the interactions between key players. As it is argued, these interactions elicit the process of trust development within the temporary setting of virtual teams, constituting a type of trust relationship that is mutually negotiated and jointly constructed. This type of trust is called "situated" and emerges from the scripted, pre-scripted, co-scripted, re-scripted and unscripted computer-mediated interactions of virtual players. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593840410570276
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    Gently shattering the glass ceiling: experiences of Indian women managers (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 44-52 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The status of women in India has long been paradoxical. They have had access to professions such as medicine, teaching and politics and have the right to own property. Among some social classes, women are extremely powerful. Yet, there is a long history of women being oppressed by men - delegated to playing subordinate roles. India's workforce is changing. Social values and mores, and the increased global focus on women's issues have changed the woman's role impacting the career progression of women. This paper examines the impact of social, organisational and personal biases on the progression of professional women in India. Women managers in India have been generally successful in rising to the executive suite in Indian organisations, despite a culture that might suggest otherwise. These women were successful because of the interplay of organisational and familial support, coupled with the individual drive for success each woman demonstrated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010310191
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    Sexual harassment at work: experiences from an oil refinery (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 65-77 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article explores the issue of sexual harassment within a large oil refinery. It considers the reasons for the occurrence of such harassment and the subsequent effects on individuals and victims. By means of a questionnaire survey, information was gathered on differing perceptions of what constitutes offensive behaviour and the frequency and nature of the incidents. Two vignettes provide a rich picture of the types of harassment, how complaints were handled and the differing impacts on individuals. Senior managers were interviewed to ascertain their perception of issues of harassment. Finally, suggestions are offered regarding future company procedures and management actions required to mitigate the issue of sexual harassment. The research highlights the need for management and employee actions, in terms of training and awareness of issues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010319598
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    Israeli women managers and public/private sector wage determination (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 130-144 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Public versus private sector placement and gender-based effects are examined as the prime generator of wage variations among men and women Israeli managers in Israel. The macro-sociological analysis of economic sectors, organizational theory and human capital effects are integrated to predict public/private sector variations in wages, taking account of managerial level and gender effects. Using demographic, human capital characteristics and managerial level position from a representative sample of 778 Israeli public and private sector employees, it is shown that wage variations are generated by initial placement in the public/private sector; higher returns to work hours, education and managerial position in the private sector, and "manhood" which increases returns to wages in both sectors taking account of managerial level variations. These results suggest that public/private sector wage differences are only partially explained by occupational and managerial level variations: taking into account the above variables, gender remains the major determinant of wages for both private and public sector employees.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010325753
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    Supervisor gender, leadership style, and perceived job design (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 117-129 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Using a national sample of 7,733 young working adults, the relationship between supervisor gender and perceived job design was explored. Results indicated that a supervisor's gender did indeed influence subordinates' perceptions of their job, and the differences were attributed to the different leadership styles men and women frequently use in the workplace. Overall, subordinates who had female supervisors perceived greater interpersonal aspects in their jobs, while subordinates who had male supervisors perceived greater structure in their jobs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010325744
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    Senior management women in Australia: diverse perspectives (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 172-180 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Research undertaken in the USA in the 1970s discovered that many women who were successful in business denied the difficulties faced by women in management and were reluctant to assist other women. Researchers labelled this phenomenon the "queen bee" syndrome. This paper investigates the views of senior management women in Australia on the barriers women face in management and their willingness to assist other women into senior management positions. Forty-one senior management women were interviewed in Sydney. Content analysis was conducted on the responses and four broad categories were developed: "conservatives", "moderates", "reluctant feminists" and "definite feminists". Two-thirds of respondents fell into categories representing women who did not hold views resembling those of "queen bees". The remaining one-third of the women interviewed fell into the two categories that most closely resembled "queen bees". The fact that a minority of senior management women resembled "queen bees" challenges the myth that senior management women are reluctant to assist other women in the workplace. On the other hand, the results show that not all senior management women will support other women in the workplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010335491
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    Domestic violence invades the workplace: strategies for the global business community (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 197-203 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Business is frequently a "battlefield", with employees waging war against each other. Three people are murdered in the workplace every day in the USA, while an estimated 1 million workers –18,000 a week - are assaulted each year. Recently, however, business has become increasingly aware of how many acts of workplace violence are linked to domestically-abusive relationships. This article defines domestic violence and describes the US experience. The article then explores domestic violence in other countries. Next identified is the entry of domestic violence into the workplace, with the costs and legal responsibility of business to address the issue. The article concludes by recommending to the global business community those strategies that have been adopted by the US government and many US companies to mitigate the tragedy of domestic violence that has spilled over into the workplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010335518
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    Women mayors say what it takes to lead: setting theory against lived experience (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 246-252 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Leadership theorists have attempted over the years to encapsulate the mystique, the magic ingredient of what makes leadership successful into a formula or model. The most widely-held view of leadership during the 1980s and 1990s seems to be that derived from Burns' work in 1978, which contrasts "transforming" leadership with "transactional" leadership. To explore the relationship between gender, success as a mayor in local government leadership and Burns' theory, New Zealand's women mayors were interviewed about their perceptions of leadership and their responses were linked to the concept of transforming leadership. The results suggest that women mayors do judge success as a leader in terms that are closely allied to transformational rather than transactional leadership.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010372869
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    Managing work and family in small "copreneurial" business: an Australian study (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 283-289 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper reports on a recent Australian study of 20 "copreneurial" marital partners who own and manage a small business together. For "copreneurs", the disadvantages of living and working together are outweighed by opportunities for maximum autonomy and personal control, and working together in a common cause which capitalises on individual strengths and values. Work and family management is enhanced by this form of family business, allowing partners to combine career and home duties flexibly and effectively. Traditional gender roles are apparent in "copreneurship", with women predominantly responsible for the home domain and family care. "Copreneurship" helps promote a "family-friendly" work environment for the business partners and for their employees. This "family-friendly" culture also fosters an entrepreneurial spirit in children, which bodes well for the next generation of small business owners and salaried employees.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010372940
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    Gender differences in the job satisfaction of university teachers (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 331-343 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: In recent years there has been a substantial rise in the number of women entering the work force. One consequence of this trend is that it has generated considerable interest in the relationship between gender and job satisfaction. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gender on the job satisfaction of UK academics. A questionnaire including several demographic questions such as gender, rank and age was administered to 1,102 university teachers. A total of 554 responses was received, giving a response rate of 50.3 per cent. The results indicated that gender does not affect the job satisfaction of university teachers directly. However, the interaction effect of gender and rank was statistically significant (p 〈 0.05). Overall, female academics at higher ranks namely, senior lecturers, readers and professors, were more satisfied with their jobs than male academics of comparable ranks. The implications of this finding and other results are explored.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010378133
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    The impact of affirmative action legislation on women working in higher education in Australia: progress or procrastination? (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 15 (2000), S. 404-414 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article focuses on the impact of the Australian Affirmative Action (Equal Employment Opportunity) legislation (1986), on women's employment in the higher education sector. This Act aimed to address the disadvantage faced by women in the workplace. In the academy, this meant that some of the difficulties encountered by women who aspired to careers and senior positions were to be documented and addressed. Fourteen years after its implementation, while there has been a general growth in women's employment in the sector, there still exists a glass ceiling preventing women in both academic and administrative positions moving into management structures. This article examines some of the issues that have emerged in attempting to create a "level playing field" for women in the academy with regard to supporting promotional opportunities and encouraging a positive and supportive workplace. Strategies for overcoming existing barriers and the importance of future research are emphasised.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010379312
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    Women in sport management: advancing the representation through HRM structures (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 51-61 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the effects of organizational characteristics, philosophical support, and substantive human resource management (HRM) programs on promoting gender equality within sport management. A questionnaire was developed to collect data on philosophical support and HRM practices within sport organizations and sent to 500 collegiate and professional sport organizations in the USA; 196 respondents (39 per cent) returned their completed survey forms. Findings indicated significant confirmatory paths between experiencing a gender discrimination lawsuit and philosophical support (t = –3.14, p 〈 0.05), philosophical support and substantive HRM programs (t = 9.56, p 〈 0.05) and philosophical support and representation of female managers (t = 2.36, p 〈 0.05). Concludes that philosophical support of top managers leads to the development of substantive HRM programs to promote gender equality in sport management and greater female manager representation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420110386584
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    Researching discrimination in selection for international management assignments: the role of repertory grid technique (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 118-126 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Extensive literature exists into discrimination in selection in the fields of psychology, social psychology and sociology. This research focuses mainly on domestic appointments and does not consider the nature of selection for international appointments. Discusses the findings of a study into potential gender bias in international manager selection systems. In particular, it discusses the use of repertory grid technique to elicit the personal constructs of selectors for international appointments and to assess how these might influence the numbers of women entering international management positions.
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    Sex differences in explanations for career progress (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 152-162 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Tests the prediction that there will be sex differences in how middle managers perceive promotion requirements, and that such differences will be influenced by societal expectations of gender appropriateness, in which women are expected to display communal (nurturing, interpersonally sensitive) and men agentic (independent, assertive and ambitious) qualities and behaviour. Results from 351 male and 156 female managers indicated that sex does not strongly influence the belief that every manager receives the same opportunities for advancement. However, there were sex differences in the reasons given for unequal career advancement, personal career progress, achievement of the last promotion received, and why a future promotion may not occur. Additionally, although male and female managers have similar aspirations to obtain a senior management position, women are less likely to expect a promotion. The results partially support the predictions of social-role theory.
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    More jobs for the boys? Succession planning in SMEs (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 222-231 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Both the incidence of planning and the identification of female successors were lower than anticipated in this study of 128 companies with less than 50 employees. No company selected a female successor despite strong existing candidates, whether relatives or internal managers. Daughters were inappropriate for succession - they were "too good" for the workplace or were "doing something better", i.e. teaching, health care, etc. Although female relatives benefited from resources for holidays or home improvements, only male relatives were seen as "heirs apparent" in terms of work status and treatment. Female relatives were neither developed nor encouraged as managers, despite frequently acting as mentors and trainers for the selected male successor. Views of successors and non-successors are expressed and concerns for policy-makers identified given the potential disappearance of firms without successors, and the neglect of available potential female managers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005584
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    Gender differences in leadership styles and management skills (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 244-257 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The results of this study suggest that self-reported leadership styles of female accountants differ somewhat from the leadership styles reported by male accountants. Females are more likely than males to indicate that they use an interactive style of management called transformational leadership. This leadership style was found to be correlated with several management skills associated with success. Female accountants reported somewhat higher perceived effectiveness on two of these management skills: coaching and developing and communicating. The findings also suggest that female accountants receive more developmental opportunities than do their male colleagues.
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    Chinese students' perceptions of women in management: will it be easier? (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 316-324 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: An attitude survey was conducted with 72 management majors attending a prestigious business university in Beijing, China. The results indicate that there is still a significant "glass ceiling" effect to accepting women as they climb up the management hierarchy. The group estimated that it would take at least 32 years before equality would be reached. Women were less likely to prefer to work for a woman than for male subjects. Women were described as more incompetent, slower, weaker, more a follower-than-a-leader, more lenient, more democratic, less active, and more friendly than male managers. Women were significantly more in agreement with the idea of being both a professional and a wife. The results reflect a similar attitudinal position to US women. The conclusion is that it will not be easier for Chinese women to succeed than it is for women in theUSA.
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    Asian purchasing agents' perceptions of women sales representatives (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 325-333 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: To enhance our understanding of the optimal buyer-seller dyad composition in different cultures, this study investigates differences in male and female buyers' perceptions of male and female sales representatives in Pakistan. Data collected from 88 Pakistani buyers reveal that although male and female salespeople were perceived somewhat differently depending on the buyer's gender, many similarities were also found. In addition, buyers did not perceive salespeople of the same gender more positively than salespeople of the opposite gender. Most of the male buyers did not perceive sales to be an appropriate career for Pakistani women. Overall, the results suggest female Pakistani sales representatives are more relationship-oriented, and some male Pakistani buyers may prefer working with female salespeople.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006114
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    Power dynamics in the long-term development of employee-friendly flexible working (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 32-49 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper focuses on the possibilities of the long-term development of flexible working as a work-life policy, through understanding the power dynamics between the individual and the organisation. The study presents a framework which summarises the factors influencing the employee-employer power dynamics, and leads us to the research questions. The methodology involves triangulation in case studies in two organisations based on surveys of representative samples in each organisation (n = 243 and n = 128) and interviews with the management. Findings support the long-term development of employee-friendly flexible working. There is a strong desire, and a lack of polarisation of attitudes, among employees for greater flexibility. Certain employee groups with stronger negotiating power have initiated the work-life debate, but in doing so, they have increased the power of all employees through lowering ideological barriers, and creating knowledge of new possibilities and aspirations. Favourable external pressures and changing business needs also improve the position of employees.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310462316
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    Gender, gender identity, and aspirations to top management (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 88-96 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Data gathered by the authors from undergraduate and part-time graduate business students in 1976-1977 suggested that men were more likely than women to aspire to top management and that, consistent with traditional stereotypes of males and managers, a gender identity consisting of high masculinity and low femininity was associated with aspirations to top management. As a result of gender-related social changes, we expected the gender difference in aspirations to top management but not the importance of gender identity to have decreased over time. We collected data in 1999 from the same two populations to test these notions. In newly collected data, high masculinity (but not low femininity) was still associated with such aspirations, and men still aspired to top management positions more than women. However, the gender difference in aspirations to top management did not decrease over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310462361
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    Women in international management: an international perspective on women's ways of leadership (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 132-146 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: A pervasive myth is that European women are not capable of assuming managerial positions in Asia, because of the ongoing exclusion of women from these positions in Asian countries. In reality, European women are often more effective than men as managers in Asia because they frequently utilise intuitive and empathetic skills that are highly valued in that region. Research shows that women handle emotions and relationships differently than men. Women's empathy and insight is receiving boardroom attention as companies realize that in an ever-globalising world these skills are indispensable. Multinationals are incorporating elements of interpersonal and intercultural expertise into their workforce, but may be overlooking a key resource. Female managers have reported the biggest barriers coming from within the corporation, rather than from situations actually encountered during foreign assignments. This case study compares management styles and career strategies utilised by women internationally, and analyses the lessons to be learned from their relative failure or achievements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310471091
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    No change from within: senior women managers' response to gendered organizational structures (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 299-310 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The gendered nature of organizations has now been well established by feminist researchers. In particular, the most senior levels of management have been identified as sites of hegemonic masculinity; the causes of which are complex, socially reproduced inter-relationships that are highly resistant to change. While it has been argued that these structures will become less problematic as more women enter the paid workforce and more move into senior management, in this paper this argument is challenged. Recent research by the authors concerning women in the most senior ranks of management in the private sector in Australia suggests that, while the majority of these women identify the need for change, they have not used their role in senior management as a means of challenging gendered structures. The implications of the findings are that it is invalid to assume that change will come about through increasing numbers of women in management. Other means of challenging gendered organizational structures must be implemented, if quantifiable change is to come about.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310491477
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    Women on corporate boards of directors: the timing is right (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 346-348 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Corporate governance and the role and functions of boards of directors have emerged as critical topics for organizations and the broader society in which they exist. As there appears to be a shortage of qualified and committed directors capable of bringing experience, knowledge, and time to these important jobs, the timing for increasing qualified women's representation on corporate boards is opportune. This collection of papers by an international group of scholars identifies initiatives needed by organizations to increase women's representation as well as a research agenda to further our understanding of board dynamics and functioning.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310498966
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    Organizational values, job experiences and satisfactions among managerial and professional women and men: advantage men? (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 228-236 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This study examined the relationship of managerial and professional women's and men's perceptions of organizational values supportive of work-personal life balance and their job experiences, work and non-work satisfactions and psychological wellbeing. Managerial women reporting organizational values more supportive of work-personal life balance also reported greater job and career satisfaction, less work stress, less intention to quit, greater family satisfaction, fewer psychosomatic symptoms and more positive emotional wellbeing. Managerial men reporting organizational values more supportive of work-personal life balance also reported working fewer hours and extra hours, less job stress, greater joy in work, lower intentions to quit, greater job, career and life satisfaction, fewer psychosomatic symptoms and more positive emotional and physical well-being. Multiple regression analyses indicated more independent and significant correlates of organizational values supporting work-personal life balance among men than among women. Possible explanations for why men might benefit more from such organizational values are offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210433184
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    Women and the New World economy: an island's experience (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 308-317 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The development of free trade practices in the world market, together with the recent fluctuations on the international money market, is having an increasing impact on the small island economies, such as Mauritius. This paper, written from the practitioner's point of view, discusses how the restructuring process is affecting female employees. Examples of corrective action being taken in favour of women, such as training programmes in entrepreneurship and leadership, are presented. The difficulties encountered in achieving the training objectives are reviewed and issues needing further attention to optimise the successful involvement of women in the upgrading of the Mauritian workforce are identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210445767
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    Beyond culture-centric and gendered models of management: perspectives on Filipina business leadership (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 352-363 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper argues a case for the integration of grounded theory and indigenous research principles in international management research. Through presenting results of a study of women managers in the Philippines, the paper shows ways in which culture-bound or ethnocentric management theory and practice can be enriched by analysing culture and gender dimensions of dominant discourses around women in management.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210451797
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    Attitude toward women and managerial ability of African Americans (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 155-158 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between attitudes toward women and managerial ability of African Americans. African American males were compared with African American females on both the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and the Supervisory Ability Scale. No differences were found between the groups regarding supervisory ability. However, significant differences were found between males and females on the AWS scale. According to their score on the AWS scale, males were divided into those who had traditional views of the roles of women and those who held liberal views of the roles of women. Those characterized as liberal had a significantly higher score on the Supervisory Ability Scale than those characterized as traditional. These findings imply that as more able African-American males advance in management, African-American females may fare better than at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310471118
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    Gender differences of mobility: analysis of job and work-family factors (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 199-219 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the results of a survey about labor mobility of a sample of 1,182 Spanish employees. The results indicate that women have lower mobility than men, and that the mobility of men and women is explained by different factors. The employee's perceptions about job satisfaction, pay fairness, and employment stability are also more explicative of job mobility than traditional job-related factors, such as wages or training. These results have managerial implications for the segmentation of men and women in the labor market.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310479408
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    Gender on the agenda 2: unlearning gender blindness in management education (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 19 (2004), S. 293-303 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper argues that UK business and management schools continue to operate a gender blind approach (or at best gender neutral) to management education, research and the development of management theory. This echoes a pattern repeated in the practice of management, which closes down and inhibits opportunities for management to be "done differently" and for organizations to be different. Our aim in this paper is to critically scrutinise and enable a consciousness raising in ourselves and our audience by highlighting what we understand as gender blindness within management, management research and education. However, the issue of whether this gender blindness results from "not seeing", "being unaware", "suppressing gender" or "gender defensiveness" remains problematic. We conclude with a call for an "unlearning" and a "rethinking" of gender blind management education and provide some examples of how this might be achieved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420410555060
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    Are women "cooler" than men during crises? Exploring gender differences in perceiving organisational crisis preparedness proneness (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 19 (2004), S. 109-122 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The paper examines how male and female executives' leadership orientations are reflected in crisis awareness. Drawing on management-related gender and crisis theories, it is argued that women's proclivity to employ participative decision making is mirrored advantageously in coping with crisis-related scenarios. Predicated on a sample of 112 Israeli executives it is shown that perceptions of crisis preparedness/proneness are gender-based and that women are more likely to employ a holistic approach that facilitates crisis preparedness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420410525315
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    Women home-based business owners: insights from comparative analyses (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 19 (2004), S. 164-173 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Recent research on women business owners de-emphasizes home-based business ownership, despite the fact that home-based ownership is on the rise. This study uses data from the Upstate New York Small Business Project to compare women engaged in home-based businesses to their counterparts, who locate their businesses outside the home. The results indicate that the women engaged in home-based business ownership experience less work to family conflict than their counterparts. Yet their businesses enjoy less economic success than those run by their non-home-based counterparts. This suggests that home-based ownership may be a good option only for women who do not have strong financial needs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420410529870
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    Win some, lose some: women's status in the field of human resources in the 1990s (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 191-198 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Drawing on a sample of 313 human resource professionals who graduated from a university-based Master's degree program in human resources over a 20-year period, this study examines how the rewards and emotional labour content of jobs varied by gender within the field of human resources. After controlling for experience, results indicated no significant gender differences in either the intrinsic or extrinsic rewards available to human resource professionals. However, the emotional labor content of jobs differed significantly. Women were more likely to engage in emotional labor behaviors that conform with stereotypical "feminine" forms of emotional expression, while men were more likely to adopt a stereotypical "masculine" form of emotional expression.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310479390
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    Attitudes towards women who work in Egypt (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 18 (2003), S. 252-266 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This study investigates Egyptian society's attitudes towards women who work held by a sample of 217 participants. The subjects completed the newly developed multidimensional aversion to women who work scale (MAWWWS). The study validates the scale in a non-western context. The results reveal that, contrary to our expectation, Egyptian students have very similar attitudes towards women who work to those of the older generations. There are significant differences between males' and females' perceptions towards women's roles and participation in society. The study predicts that modernity may diminish patriarchal attitudes towards women in Arab societies. Finally, the study detects no significant difference between Muslims and non-Muslims in Egypt regarding their attitudes towards women who work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420310485096
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    Diversity programs: influencing female students to sport management? (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 19 (2004), S. 304-316 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diversity programs on female student representation within sport management preparation programs. A questionnaire was sent to 172 undergraduate and graduate sport management preparation programs at the North American Society for Sport Management member institutions and 72 completed surveys were returned. These data were used to test a confirmatory path model at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Results show that diversity programs continue to be developed, and that diversity program leads to increase female student representation within undergraduate and graduate sport management preparation programs. Based on the findings of this study, student diversity programs are assisting to eradicate barriers for women in the sport management profession.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420410555079
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    Role stress among women in the Indian information technology sector (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 19 (2004), S. 356-363 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Organisational stress originates in organisational demands that are experienced by the individual. Stress is built up in the concept of role which is conceived as the position a person occupies in a system. This paper investigates the intensity of organisational role stress among women informational technology professionals in the Indian private sector. Organisational role stress scale is used on a sample of 264 to explore the level of role stress. Resource inadequacy has emerged as the most potent role stressor, followed by role overload and personal inadequacy. The research finds differences in the level of stress between married and unmarried employees on several role stressors. However, level of education does not emerge as a significant differentiator of stressors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420410563412
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    Gender issues in home-based businesses (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 19 (2004), S. 404-412 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper reports on the difference between men and women's motivations for going into business and why they choose to operate their business from home. Reports the views of the operators regarding community attitudes towards home-based businesses. Data was collected from a self-administered survey distributed by post, from home-based business operators in two local government areas in Western Australia. Two focus groups verified the findings of the survey and investigated the home-based business operator's perceptions of the communities attitude towards them. It was evident that some sections of the community felt that home-based businesses are extended hobbies and not to be taken seriously. The paper argues that this view ignores the significant financial and social contributions that home-based businesses make to the economy and society in general and is not a view that is held by home-based business operators themselves.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420410570216
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    Workplace flexibility: reconciling the needs of employers and employees (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 5-11 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The rapid expansion in part-time employment in Australia over the past two decades has largely been driven by organisations' desire to achieve numerical and functional flexibility (the business case for flexibility) rather than a desire to assist employees balance work and family responsibilities (the equal opportunities case for flexibility). Argues that the differences between the business and equal opportunities discourses surrounding flexibility result in significant problems for both employees and organisations - problems that limit the growth of the individual and the organisation. For part-time employment to be an effective organisational strategy, it is critical that the human resource management (HRM) role actively negotiate between the different needs of employers and employees. This will entail making both parties' needs explicit, acknowledging the differences between their needs and directing efforts towards constructing outcomes that are mutually satisfying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420110380238
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    Restructuring workplace cultures: the ultimate work-family challenge? (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 21-29 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Work-life polices and practices have the potential to enhance opportunities for women in the workplace (and opportunities for men to be more involved in family life), but are often undermined by workplace culture. Presents a case study of an organisation which is addressing issues of workplace culture in relation to work-life policies and gender equality. Despite achieving substantial change in practice and in shared assumptions, a new set of issues have emerged which will require innovative solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420110380256
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    Unseen chronic illness and work: authentic stories from "women in-between" (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 62-74 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Presents extracts from the stories of mid-career women who have unseen chronic illness, exemplifying numerous gender and work-related issues. Uses Heideggerian phenomenology to understand the experience of being a woman with an unseen illness, who also works full time. Eight women were interviewed. These women were seen to reside "in-between" wellness and sickness, junior and senior organisational roles, and home and work responsibilities. They shared some of the difficulties they have faced. First, were problems influenced by the medical community as associated with getting a diagnosis. Given their full-time career responsibilities, this was interpreted as being problematic. There were also related problems reported about colleagues assuming, because of their healthful appearance, that nothing was the matter and acting accordingly. The "woman's role", as experienced by sick women who also worked full time, added to their struggle to continue careers, care for others and attempt to attend to their own health. Illness, especially invisible illness, is rarely examined through the combined lens of workplace and gender.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420110386593
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    Profiles of "successful managers" held by male and female banking managers across Europe (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 108-118 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Personal conceptions of what constitutes a "successful manager" are important, as they influence an individual's personal development and subsequent careers. This study investigates profiles of "successful managers" held by male and female managers working in ten European banks operating in Luxembourg. Respondents completed the personality attributes questionnaire (PAQ) and took part in semi-structured interviews. Results are presented from the 66 managers as a group, and by gender. Next, responses are considered from individuals within three of those banks, chosen by position of the owning/originating country on Hofstede's masculinity/femininity scale, to see whether differences in perceived successful leadership styles exist between the banks in accordance with Hofstede's research. Results indicated that gender differences were more significant than nationality of the bank in determining perceptions of "the successful manager".
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420110390273
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    The unchanging perception of women as managers (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 163-173 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Aims to disseminate the findings of an investigation into the perception of women as managers and the obstacles that they face in the workplace. Identifies the issues and problems faced by women from "multinational corporations" and the impact of operating across national boundaries. The three key issues are age, gender, and family responsibility. Reports on evidence found from conducting "personal interviews" and "focus group" discussions, showing that the ensuing implications have had a significant impact on women in the workplace. Argues that little has changed in terms of employers' perception of working women so far. The study was supported from funds provided via the European Union under the European Social Fund Scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420110392145
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    Work-family conflict of women entrepreneurs in Singapore (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 16 (2001), S. 204-221 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: As long as the society continues to emphasise a woman's basic role as that of mothering, working women will face role struggles. As married working women, many women entrepreneurs have to assume multiple roles in the family in addition to their careers. They must bear major responsibility for household chores and childcare. These responsibilities give rise to work-family conflict, which becomes an obstacle in managing their business. This research studied the work-family conflict among married Singapore women entrepreneurs. The work-family conflict was divided into three parts: job-spouse conflict, job-parent conflict and job-homemaker conflict. The data for this study came from 102 married Singapore women entrepreneurs who responded to a self-administered questionnaire. From the discussion of the findings, several implications arose. There is a need for greater spouse support, flexible work schedule, and full-day school in order to alleviate work-family conflict. Maintenance of good marital relations are important in reducing spouse conflict and increasing well being in women entrepreneurs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420110395692
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    Expatriate women managers: at the crossroads of success, challenges and career goals (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 18-28 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The current study explores the unique experiences of expatriate women managers, in procuring international assignments, adjusting to the cross-cultural conditions on global tours and confronting the challenges affecting their career goals. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 expatriate women managers from multinational organizations operating in South Africa to collect qualitative data that was content analyzed. Result findings suggest that women are not only successful as expatriates in foreign countries, but with adequate performance, they also achieve career growth and promotion. Conclusions indicate that, professional foreigners, regardless of gender, may want to explore cultural challenges in countries with new democracies. It also provides suggestions for the way forward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210416813
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  • 96
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    Evidence of back-home selection bias against US female expatriates (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 68-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This study compared the perceptions of US, German, Korean, and Mexican managers on six different survey items assessing the business success viability of female US expatriates. The US managers' perceptions were generally less positive than those held by their foreign counterparts who represented the actual foreign business environment in their regions, suggesting a possible unfounded selection bias against US women and an unnecessary career obstacle. Furthermore, gender played a significant role in the US sample in assessing the perceived viability of American US expatriates, with female US managers expressing a more favorable attitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210421772
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    "Sailing twixt Scylla and Charybdis": negotiating multiple organisational masculinities (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This qualitative study explores the intersection between organizational masculinity and emotionality within a pre-hospital emergency services organization. The existence of multiple masculinities within a male-dominated and emotion-laden organization indicates that men who work within this context are required to negotiate multiple forms of masculinities within heavily emotionalised organizational regions or spaces. This study found that there were competing tensions between at least two forms of masculinity within the organisation in question. While militarized and managerial/technical forms of masculinity dominate as the principal hegemonic form, a heroic and caring masculinity is also essential to how the organization in question produces its key services. It is argued that forms of masculinity that are closer to the hegemonic ideal type are not "compensatory", but have to co-exist with other, albeit more marginalized, masculinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210425273
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
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    Balancing work and family with telework? Organizational issues and challenges for women and managers (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 157-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article presents a research on telework and deals with the following questions: Who are the teleworkers (sex, age, main socio-occupational categories)? What are the impacts of telework on work organization and working conditions, particularly for women, and in terms of work-family balance, since telework is sometimes presented as a solution to problems of reconciling work and family responsibilities? Finally, what is the level of satisfaction among teleworkers and why are they satisfied or dissatisfied with this system? Are there differences between various groups on this regard? We insist on the dimensions of working conditions and autonomy in telework and highlight the fact that there is a risk of polarization according to gender, women being more frequently in a situation where they have less autonomy than men in telework, although many also see telework in a positive way, as an "escape" from a bureaucratic work environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210425309
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gender differences in ethical decision making (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 217-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Most of the research on fostering ethical climates by making ethical decision choices in organisations has taken place in the last 20 years. Research has moved from specific studies evaluating either individual or situational variables as factors in ethical decision behaviour to more complex models that encompass the interaction of individual and situational factors. This study revisits the influence of the individual variable of gender on ethical decision making. Using a laboratory format and decision exercises that attempted to create realistic business conflict situations through decision scenarios, the influence of demographic factors, specifically gender, and the moral intensity of the conflict situation on ethical decision making are examined in the light of workplace values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210433175
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  • 100
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    Differential effects of gender on perceptions of teleworking by human resources managers (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 17 (2002), S. 262-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper anayzes the differences of male and female human resource (HR) managers' perceptions on the benefits, barriers and feasibility of teleworking adoption in a sample of Spanish companies. The results indicate that teleworking is seen as more feasible where there are a large number of female employees, and that female HR managers perceive teleworking differently than male HR managers. Women tend to be more positive about the potential of teleworking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210441914
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