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  • Articles  (22,683)
  • Springer  (22,683)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2000-2004  (22,683)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (22,683)
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  • Articles  (22,683)
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Year
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 45-52 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Redox behaviour of 2-allylphenol (2APhOH) was studied by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electroinitiated polymerization was conducted at the measured peak potentials. Constant potential electrolysis (CPE) of the monomer was carried out in acetonitrile-sodium perchlorate, solvent-electrolyte couple, at room temperature. Polymerization of the monomer yielded insoluble polymer films on the surface of the electrode together with the low molecular weight polymers in the bulk of the solution. The structural analysis of the polymers were carried by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Molecular weight of the soluble polymer was determined by GPC. Thermal properties of the polymer film and soluble polymer were studied by DSC. The course of electroinitiated polymerization was monitored by in-situ UV-VIS spectroscopy.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The synthesis and solution-state NMR investigation of the structure of a novel type of water-soluble polyaniline (PANI) derivative in leucoemeraldine and emeraldine oxidation states is presented. Copolymers of 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and 2-methoxyaniline (PMAOMA) with various monomer molar ratios were synthesized by chemical polymerization in a hydrochloric acid medium. Due to a large difference in the reactivities of 2-methoxyaniline (OMA) and 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (MA), the content of OMA in the copolymers was much higher (over 0.65 of the mole fraction) than in the reaction mixture. Structural characterization of the reaction products was performed using one- (1H, 13C) and two-dimensional (GHSQC and GCOSY) NMR spectroscopy. The NMR data indicated an almost block structure of OMA sequences of variable length separated by shorter sequences of MA units. It was also shown that the incorporation of MA units in the copolymer chains favors the formation of a less oxidized material.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An attempt was made in this study to relate the releases of water soluble herbicide (sodium 2,2 dichloropropionate (Dowpon)) and model fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) from the cylindrical devices of radiation crosslinked poly(acrylamide/itaconic acid) (AAm/IA) copolymers with the swelling that may effect the release behaviour. AAm/IA copolymers containing agrochemicals are prepared by two different composition of itaconic acid and two different γ-rays doses. The agrochemicals were trapped in the gels by including it in the feed mixture of radiation polymerization. The equilibrium swelling, diffusional exponent, and diffusion and intrinsic diffusion coefficients of the process were obtained. The agrochemical dissolution was determined by conductimetric method. The maximum concentrations of releasing agrochemicals and initial releasing rates were calculated by using of second order kinetics equation. The agrochemical releases appeared to be controlled by swelling. As a result, if AAm/IA hydrogels containing agrochemicals were swelled in water, release of agrochemicals was decreased with the raising of γ-rays doses and itaconic acid quantities in the hydrogel.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 303-310 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Constitutive equations are developed for the kinetics of enthalpy relaxation in polymeric glasses. An amorphous polymer is treated as an ensemble of cooperatively rearranged regions (CRR). Rearrangement of a CRR is modeled as a hop from one potential well on the energy landscape to another. The probability for changing traps in a hop is determined by the difference between the current and equilibrium concentrations of CRRs. A nonlinear parabolic equation is derived for the distribution function of CRRs. It is applied to predict entropy recovery after a thermal jump. Fair agreement is demonstrated between results of numerical simulation and experimental data for poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary We describe here the synthesis of a new tin chelate Sn(C6H5O3)2.2H2O. The catalytic performance of this chelate is shown for polyesterification reactions involving terephthalic acid and poliols, such as neopentylglygol and trimetilolpropane. The complex is highly active for low molecular weight (Mn= 1700 and Mw= 4500) polymer formation. IR spectra also show free OH in the polymer chain.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary New dianhydrides having alkyloxy side chains were synthesized and polymerized with 4,4'-oxydianiline in NMP. Chemically cyclized polyimides were obtained with inherent viscosities of 0.30∼0.84 dL/g range. All the polymers were highly soluble in polar solvent such as NMP at room temperature. TGA pyrograms showed two-step degradation and in DSC thermograms the polymers exhibited Tgs between 124°C and 259°C. Wide-angle X-ray diffractograms revealed very low crystallinity and layered structure, which was better developed in the polymers with longer side chains
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 319-326 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary New AB2 and A2B monomers, bis(4-fluorophenyl)-4'-hydroxyphenylphosphine oxide and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4'-fluorophenyl-phosphine oxide were prepared and converted to corresponding hyperbranched poly(arylene ether phosphineoxide)s with hydroxyphenyl and fluorophenyl end functional groups. While the dihydroxy monomer gave a low molecular weight polymer, the difluoro monomer produced a high molecular weight hyperbranched polymer. The glass transition temperature of the obtained polymers was 266°C and 230°C, and 5% weight loss temperature was 491 °C and 391 °C, respectively. The fluorophenyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer was soluble in CHCl3, but the hydroxyphenyl-terminated polymer was not soluble in CHCl3 even though it has lower molecular weight than the fluorophenyl-terminated polymer, indicating that properties of the hyperbranched polymers markedly depend on end functional groups as well as their molecular weight.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Enantiomeric diblock and triblock copolymers from caprolactone and lactide with various compositions were synthesized using alcohol/tin octoate as initiator system. Stereocomplexes were formed between pairs of enantiomeric block copolymers and their thermal properties examined. The melting temperatures of the crystalline PCL and PLA phases are depending on the composition of block copolymers. A raise of approximately 55°C of the temperature of PLA phase is observed in the blends as a consequence of stereocomplex formation as well in diblock as in triblock copolymers.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new alcoholate of cyclopentadienyl metallocene with voluminous group as ligand substituting chlorine atoms and formula Cp2Hf(OMAd)2 (where Cp = cyclopentadienyl and OMAd = derived of 2-methyl-2-adamantol) was synthesized and employed as catalyst for olefin polymerization. The compound was evaluated in ethylene polymerization activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) using several experimental conditions. These conditions were determined by a statistic method, and a model for dependent variables like catalyst activity and average molecular weight of polymers were developed. The hafnocene alcoholate produced polyethylenes with molecular weights in the same range of the corresponding metallocene dichloride. The new catalyst system showed high stability under temperature of 100°C. In the presence of H2 as molecular weight controlling agent, the catalyst showed a maximum of activity in the concentration range used.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a new series of copolymers with a predominantly poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) backbone and phenyl and/or 4,4'-biphenyl structural units. Three copolymers, poly[oxyethylene]/poly[oxyphenylene] copolymer (1), poly[oxyethylene] /poly[oxybiphenylene] copolymer (2), and poly[oxyethylene]/poly[oxyphenylene]/poly [oxybiphenylene] copolymer (3), were prepared based on modifications of hydroquinone and/or 4,4'-biphenol copolymerized with dimesylates of various length poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs). Depending on their composition and chain length of PEGs used in the polymerization, the copolymers show liquid crystallinity or non-liquid crystallinity.
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