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  • Other Sources  (62)
  • Cambridge University Press  (60)
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  • 1
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 264 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 052)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Acoustics ; Elasticity ; Layers ; Cagniard ; Inversion ; WKBJ ; Maslov ; Born ; Kirchhoff ; Migration of earthquakes ; Inhomogeneity ; more ; advanced ; than ; Aki ; and ; Richards ; MATLAB
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  • 2
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 444 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN: 0 521 52046 0 (pb); ISBN: 0 521 81730 7 (hb))
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: ... Pujol's book differs from the others in its purely theoretical approach to the generation and propagation of seismic waves. The author aims to fill a gap between the advanced books and the introductory ones, providing a complete derivation of the mathematical developments. ... One does not have to look for proofs elsewhere.
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Source ; Wave propagation ; theory
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  • 3
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 140 (3). pp. 245-252.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Markedly different cooling histories for the hanging- and footwall of theVari detachment on Syros and Tinos islands, Greece, are revealed by zircon and apatite fission-track data. The Vari/Akrotiri unit in the hangingwall cooled slowly at rates of 5–15 ◦CMyr−1 since Late Cretaceous times. Samples from the Cycladic blueschist unit in the footwall of the detachment on Tinos Island have a mean zircon fission-track age of 10.0±1.0 Ma, which together with a published mean apatite fission-track age of 9.4±0.5 Ma indicates rapid cooling at rates of at least ∼60 ◦CMyr−1. We derive a minimum slip rate of ∼6.5 kmMyr−1 and a displacement of 〉∼20 km and propose that the development of the detachment in the thermally softened magmatic arc aided fast displacement. Intra-arc extension accomplished the final ∼6–9 km of exhumation of the Cycladic blueschists from ∼60 km depth. The fast-slipping intra-arc detachments did not cause much exhumation, but were important for regionalscale extension and the formation of the Aegean Sea.
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  • 4
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 . pp. 249-257.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A new species of terebellid polychaete, Lanice arakani sp. nov., is described from two specimens collected in deep water at seamounts of the west Pacific by the submersible `JAGO', and comparisons are made with the established species of the genus. Special reference is given to the morphology of the worm's sediment tube and in situ observations.
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  • 5
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    Annual Reviews
    In:  Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 6 (1). pp. 353-375.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-09
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  • 6
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (4). pp. 893-910.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
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  • 7
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 56 (03). pp. 707-722.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The ommastrephid squids are large active animals occurring in most of the world's oceans. Luminous organs or bioluminescence have been observed only in members of the subfamily Sthenoteuthinae, containing the genera Ornithoteuthis, Symplectoteuthis (= Eucleoteuthis), Hyaloteuthis, Ommastrephes and Dosidicus. The light organs of Ommastrephes pteropus are small sub-spherical bodies randomly distributed over the ventral surface of the mantle, head, arms and tentacles (Roper, 1963) and are aggregated dorsally to form a large luminous patch (Clarke, 1965). Relatively little is known about the organs, capabilities and biochemistry of luminescence in cephalopods (Harvey, 1952; Herring, in Press), and the size of the light organ and availability of O. pteropus provide an unusual opportunity for such studies. Although among the molluscs the luminescent systems of the gastropod Latia and the bivalve Pholas have been partially characterized (Shimomura & Johnson, 1968; Henry, Isambert & Michelson, 1970, 1973) the only cephalopod system which has been investigated to date is that of the enoploteuthid Watasenia scintillans (Goto et al., 1974; Inoue et al., 1975). This investigation examines the anatomy and biochemistry of the dorsal light organ of O. pteropus, which differs markedly in these respects from the brachial organs of Watasenia.
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  • 8
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 35 (01). p. 63.
    Publication Date: 2020-09-10
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  • 9
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59 (02). p. 259.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Squids (teuthoids) fall into two distinct groups according to their density in sea water. Squids of one group are considerably denser than sea water and must swim to stop sinking; squids in the other group are nearly neutrally buoyant. Analyses show that in almost all the neutrally buoyant squids large amounts of ammonium are present. This ammonium is not uniformly distributed throughout the body but is mostly confined to special tissues where its concentration can approach half molar. The locations of such tissues differ according to the species and developmental stage of the squid. It is clear that the ammonium-rich solution are almost isosmotic with sea water but of lower density and they are present in sufficient volume to provide the main buoyancy mechanism of these squids. A variety of evidence is given which suggests that squids in no less than 12 of the 26 families achieve near-neutral buoyancy in this way and that 14 families contain squids appreciably denser than sea water [at least one family contains both types of squid]. Some of the ammonium-rich squids are extremely abundant in the oceans.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: The effect of medium dissolved-oxygen tension on the molar growth yield, respiration and cytochrome content of Beneckea natriegens in chemostat culture (D 0·37 hr-1) was examined. The molar growth yield (Y), the specific rate of oxygen (qo2) and glucose consumption, and the specific rate of carbon dioxide evolution were independent of the dissolved-oxygen tension above a critical value (〈 2 mmHg). However, the potential respiration rate increased with reduction in the dissolved-oxygen tension at values of the dissolved-oxygen tension well above the critical value. Changes in the cytochrome content occurred at dissolved-oxygen tensions well above the critical value. An increase in cytochrome c relative to cytochrome b was observed as the dissolved-oxygen tension was decreased. Reduction of the dissolved-oxygen tension to less than 1 mmHg caused a switch to fermentative metabolism shown by the apparent rise in Y o2 and decrease in the molar growth yield from glucose. At this point the potential respiration rate (q o2) increased to its highest value, while the cytochrome pattern reverted to that observed at dissolved-oxygen tensions above 96 mmHg. There appeared to be no correlation between cytochrome content, potential q o2, in situ q o2, and cyanide sensitivity of the organism at various dissolved-oxygen tensions.
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  • 11
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    Annual Reviews
    In:  Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 6 (1). pp. 205-228.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-09
    Description: The causes of the growth and collapse of the large Pleistocene ice sheets is a topic of intense scientific debate. The amount of new data and ideas has been prodigious during the last ten years. This review concentrates on the shifting patterns of glacial advance and shrinkage during the last Glaciation. We also examine reconstructions of conditions during the maximum of this Glaciation about 18,000 BP, and the mechanisms that might have caused the rapid collapse of many of the world's ice sheets between 18,000 and 8000 BP. Our paper focuses on the North Atlantic sector because it is there that the major Pleistocene ice sheets grew, developed, and retreated.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Single grains of detrital white mica from two different synorogenic sediments in the Southern Urals were analysed using the in situ ultraviolet laser ablation Ar–Ar dating technique to discriminate between age signatures associated with a high-pressure signal (phengites) from those related to muscovite only. Two disparately aged sandstone formations of Neoproterozoic (Upper Vendian) and Upper Devonian (Famennian) age were formed by the erosion of high-relief source areas with contemporaneously exhumed high-pressure rocks. A bimodal distribution of ages and chemical compositions can be detected in the two detrital populations. There is no age overlap between the two populations, reflecting completely different source areas containing high-pressure rocks of different ages.Within the Upper Vendian sandstones, detrital white mica from a 571–609 Ma age group is phengitic in composition (Si 3.3–3.41 per formula unit), while an older 645–732 Ma age group is comprised of muscovite composition grains only. The first group is compatible with the time of late exhumation and emplacement of a source area containing high-pressure rocks, the Neoproterozoic Beloretzk terrane. The older age range is compatible with a long history of cooling and the allochthonous nature of this terrane. Detrital white mica from the Famennian sandstones(Zilair Formation) comprises one age group (342–421 Ma) containing phengite (Si 3.21–3.39 per formula unit) and muscovite, and a second group (446–496 Ma) containing muscovite only. While the derivation of the second group cannot be correlated with any as yet known regional data, the first age group indicates the earliest arrival of high-pressure rocks at the surface along the suture zone after Late Devonian arc–continent collision.
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  • 13
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle: a midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. , ed. by Hanson, R. B., Ducklow, H. W. and Field, J. G. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 375-391.
    Publication Date: 2020-03-26
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 14
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58 (03). p. 701.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Terms, dimensions and ratios for statolith description are defined. The form of the calcareousstatoliths in the Teuthoidea, Sepiodea and Octopoda is described by reference to Loligo forbesi, Sepia officinalis and Eledone cirrosa. While statoliths change in form and size during the growth of a cephalopod, the adult form is often characteristic for a species, despite some variation. Description of statoliths is important in studies of the fossil remains of cephalopods lacking calcareous shells, and will probably become important in the taxonomy of living species, in food analysis of cephalopod predators and in the study of deep sea deposits.
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  • 15
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 82 . pp. 913-916.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Possible effects of ‘El Niño’ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) components ‘El Niño’ and ‘La Niña’ on populations of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, were analysed. Changes in the cephalopod diet composition of moulting females at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula were considered. The diet of female elephant seals sampled in 1991–1992 and 1992–1993 (El Niño years) were compared with those taken in 1995–1996 (La Niña year) at the same site and employing the same methodology. The squid Psychroteuthis glacialis constituted the main cephalopod prey of the seals. A reduction in the ‘Index of Biomass Ingested’ by female elephant seals (IBIF) of this prey species was observed in ‘El Niño’ years (1992, 1993) compared with the ‘La Niña’ year (1996). This reduction in biomass applied to all squid species in the seals' prey with the exception of Galiteuthis glacialis, which occurred in low numbers, but was more abundant during El Niño years than in the La Niña year.
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  • 16
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Hydrogeology of Oceanic Lithosphere. , ed. by Davis, E. E. and Elderfield, H. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 128-150. 1 ISBN 0521819296
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
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  • 17
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 476 . pp. 335-343.
    Publication Date: 2019-01-15
    Description: The effect of boundary conditions on the ‘critical dynamics’ at the onset of Taylor vortices is investigated in a combined numerical and experimental study. Numerical calculations of Navier–Stokes equations with ‘stress-free’ boundary conditions show that the Landau amplitude equation provides a good model of the transient dynamics. However, this rapidly breaks down when the ‘no-slip’ condition is approached. Apparent ‘critical’ behaviour observed in experiments is shown to have a surprising dependence on the length of the system.
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  • 18
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (01). pp. 143-161.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Little work on vertical distribution of cephalopods was possible before the development, in the 1960s, of sophisticated opening-closing devices usable on midwater trawls such as the 10 ft Isaacs Kidd trawl (IKMT; Foxton, 1963; Aron et al. 1964) and the series of rectangular midwater trawls developed by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (previously the National Institute of Oceanography) (Clarke, 1969 a; Baker et al. 1973). These developments have resulted in three papers on vertical distribution of cephalopods in the North Atlantic (Clarke, 1969 ft; Gibbs & Roper, 1970; Clarke & Lu, 1974) and one for the Mediterranean (Roper, 1972). The present paper describes the vertical distribution of cephalopods caught at 40° N 20° W, 53° N 20° W and 60° N 20° W in the North Atlantic based upon day and night series of horizontal hauls between the surface and 2000 m using the RMT combination net (Baker et al. 1973).
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  • 19
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (01). pp. 165-182.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The present work is part of an analysis of catches made with rectangular midwater trawls (RMTs) in the North Atlantic at about 20°W and at 60°N, 53°N, 40°N (all in Lu & Clarke, 1975), 30°N (Clarke & Lu, 1974), 18°N and 11°N (Lu & Clarke, 1975). The collections were made for the ecological programme of the National Institute of Oceanography, Wormley, England (now part of the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences).
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  • 20
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (02). pp. 369-389.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: This is one of a series of four papers dealing with vertical distribution of cephalopods in the North Eastern Atlantic at six stations near 20° W and at about 10° intervals from 60°N to 11° N (Clarke & Lu, 1974, 1975 a; Lu & Clarke, 1975). The present study is based upon a series of hauls made at discrete horizons between o and 2000 m with opening-closing nets during both daylight and darkness. The collections were made for the ecological programme of the National Institute of Oceanography, Wormley, Surrey, England (now part of the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences).
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  • 21
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernemental Panel on Climate Change. , ed. by Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y. and Griggs, D. J. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 417-470. ISBN 0521-01495-6
    Publication Date: 2020-03-30
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 22
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Climate Change 2001: the Scientific Basis. Contributions of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. , ed. by Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K. and Johnson, C. A. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 185-237.
    Publication Date: 2020-01-10
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  • 23
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 299-306.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Todarodes sagittatus (N=1131) were opportunistically sampled from commercial and research trawling in Irish and Scottish waters between 1993 and 1998. The results suggest that the species is common in deep waters (〉200 m) to the west of Ireland and Scotland, particularly in late summer and autumn. The size of squid caught was related to depth, with larger squid caught deeper, and is indicative of an ontogenetic, bathymetric migration. Females were more common (sex ratio 1·00:0·46), and attained a larger maximum size (520 mm mantle length (ML)) than males (426 mm ML). Mature females (360–520 mm ML) were caught in deep water (〉500 m), between March and November, with a large catch of mature females taken off the west coast of Ireland in August 1996. Mature males (300–426 mm) were found from August to November. Potential fecundity was estimated to range from 205,000–523,500 eggs female −1 . Putative daily increments in statoliths indicated a life cycle of slightly over a year, with rapid growth of approximately 1·8 mm d −1 during subadult and adult life. Fish were the most important prey of T. sagittatus and 17 fish prey taxa were identified, of which pelagic species were the most important.
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  • 24
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 267-270.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Four Benthoctopus species are recognized in the waters of the Falkland Islands: B. eureka , B. magellanicus, Benthoctopus sp. A , and Benthoctopus sp. B . Initial oocyte reserve of B. eureka is 250–535 eggs, the actual fecundity is 75–234 eggs while the rest of the oocytes degenerate at maturation. Larger females have higher fecundity. Gonad maturation of Benthoctopus sp. A and Benthoctopus sp. B follows a similar pattern. The Benthoctopus egg masses contained 170–190 eggs. The hatchlings possess arms that are much longer than mantle length with a large number of suckers, and do not have discernible chromatophores.
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  • 25
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 357-358.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: A large, mature, female cirrate octopod, Cirroteuthis magna , was caught in a research trawl at 3200-m depth on the Cape Verde Terrace off the west African coast in November 1999. It is only the fourth recorded specimen of this species and the largest specimen (1,700 mm TL; 330 mm ML) of cirrate octopod ever caught. Detailed measurements were taken of the fresh and preserved specimen and indicated considerable shrinkage (17–32%) during formalin preservation. Careful dissection revealed large mature eggs (12·5–14 mm long) in the proximal oviduct, and a wide range of egg sizes and development stages in the ovary. The taxonomy and ecology of the species is briefly discussed.
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  • 26
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 84 (2). pp. 421-426.
    Publication Date: 2021-08-27
    Description: Age and growth of Todarodes sagittatus were estimated based on statolith analysis from individuals (N=352; 81–418 mm mantle length) caught by bottom trawlers during a year of sampling in the western Mediterranean. The daily nature of statolith increments was indirectly validated comparing the mean age of consecutive monthly modes (identified on the monthly length–frequency distributions) with the corresponding increase of 30 days. In agreement with other ommastrephids, results confirmed the following points: (1) lifespan lasts nearly a year; (2) growth rates decrease with age; (3) when adult, females have higher growth rates than males; and (4) females mature about a month later than males. Significant correlation was found between hatching (which occurred throughout the year but with a peak in November) and temperature at 50 m depth (where it is thought that hatchlings inhabit). Age and growth results were compared with those obtained in a similar work carried out in north-west Africa (Arkhipkin et al., 1999). Comparisons suggested that due to higher growth rates in juveniles, southern populations reach maturity and consequently decrease somatic growth at younger ages and smaller sizes than northern squid, which attain larger sizes as a result of maintaining fast growth and delaying maturation. Greater growth rates in juveniles from west Sahara could be explained by higher temperatures in this area than in the Mediterranean.
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  • 27
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 (2). pp. 367-368.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Population structure of the short-finned squid Illex illecebrosus (Ommastrephidae) was studied on the Nova Scotian shelf between July–September 1984. It was characterized by a prevalence of winter-hatched squid in summer–early autumn, their short (three months of the summer) occurrence on the shelf, and a predominance of females in sex ratios during the feeding period. Ages of squid were estimated by statolith increment counts and ranged from 128 to 201 d. Growth in length was described by linear model with daily growth rates of 0.99 mm/d −1 . Adding the length-at-age data from juveniles caught in 1979 to the 1984 data set enabled to construct an ontogenetic growth curve for the winter-hatched squid which was best approximated by the Gompertz growth function.
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  • 28
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (2). pp. 271-281.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Two taxa of commercially exploited cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis and S. hierredda , are compared for the first time on the bases of quantitative morphology and allozyme polymorphisms. Morphometric measurements and meristic counts of selected soft and hard (cuttlebone) body characters, with allozyme electrophoretic analysis are used. Samples were obtained from north-west Iberian Peninsula and Senegalese waters (West Africa). Significant differences in mantle width, arm and hectocotylus length, numbers of rows of reduced suckers on the hectocotylus and in most cuttlebone measurements were found. Canonical discriminant functions of cuttlebone measurements for males and females were calculated. Allozyme electrophoresis for 33 presumptive loci showed low levels of genetic variability and 13 diagnostic loci between the two Sepia taxa. The genetic identities ( I ) in pairwise comparisons of populations of both taxa were I =0·582–0·596, which are typical values for congeneric species. These congruent morphological and genetic results strongly suggest that S. officinalis and S. hierredda are different species.
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition of four Southern Ocean cephalopod species – the myopsid Sepioteuthis australis and three oegopsids, Gonatus antarcticus , Moroteuthis robsoni and Todarodes spp. – were analysed. The lipid content of the digestive gland was consistently greater than that of the mantle, and was an order of magnitude greater in oegopsid species. The lipid class and fatty acid composition of the mantle and digestive gland also differed markedly in each species. Digestive gland lipid is likely to be of dietary origin, and large amounts of lipid in the digestive gland of oegopsids may accumulate over time. Thus the digestive gland is a rich source of fatty acid dietary tracers and may provide a history of dietary intake. However, the absolute amount of dietary lipid in the digestive gland of oegopsid species exceeds the absolute lipid content of mantle tissue. Therefore the overall lipid “signature” of an oegopsid may more closely resemble its prey species rather than its mantle tissue. When lipid techniques are used in dietary analysis of teuthophagous predators, squid may not be represented by a unique signature in analyses and their importance in the diets of predators may be underestimated.
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  • 30
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw, 81 (2). pp. 217-221.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: Uplift of the Rhenish Massif can be demonstrated by means of the stream-made river terrace system that accompanies the Rhine river and its tributaries along their way through or within this part of the Variscan fold and thrust belt. The height difference between a former valley floor, especially that of the Younger ‘Hauptterrasse’ (Main Terrace), and the recent one allows to quantify the uplift by the amount of downcutting erosion. The uplift velocity increased just after the BRUNHES / MATUYAMA boundary, i.e. about 0.8 Ma B.R Since that time, a domal uplift of more than 250 m is documented in the eastern Hunsriick and in the south-eastern Eifel. The area of this maximum height anomaly is situated just between the East-and West-Eifel Quaternary volcanic districts. Thus, causal connections are supposed. The domai uplift is affected by normal faulting partly inherited since Tertiary rifting.
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  • 31
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 (4). pp. 747-748.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Length composition, maturation and growth of the ommastrephid squid Todaropsis eblanae were studied using length–frequency distributions (LFDs) and statoliths of squid caught off the north-west African coast. Length–frequency distributions were quite similar in all seasons studied, indicating all year round spawning. However, both high proportions of mature squid in the winter and the hatching peak of squid from our sample in spring suggested the winter–spring peak of spawning. Immature and maturing squid had rather high growth rates, attaining 140—150 mm of dorsal mantle length (ML) by the age of 160—170 d. Todaropsis eblanae is likely to have an annual life cycle on the north-west African shelf.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Biological data are presented on two specimens of Taningia danae , an adult female caught by a trawler in Galician waters (north-west Spain) and a juvenile caught in a deep-water research trawl in Scottish waters (UK). The species has not previously been recorded in either area, although its presence has been inferred from beaks found in sperm whale stomach contents.
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  • 33
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82 (6). pp. 983-985.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Squid of the genus Alloteuthis from the Aegean Sea and eastern Mediterranean were identified as A. media. It is not possible to distinguish A. media from A. subulata by relative fin length. Both ‘species’ are probably intraspecific forms. Egg size varied from 1·5 to 2·3 mm. Oocyte maturation in the ovary occurs in batches. The potential fecundity is some 1000–4000 eggs, most of these being released during continuous spawning accompanied by female growth.
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  • 34
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 12 (1). pp. 33-40.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: A new octopod species, Graneledone gonzalezi sp. nov., is described from 19 specimens collected off the northern Îles Kerguelen. This is a bathyal octopus which is characterized by: the absence of supra-ocular papillae, short arms, a long ligula without copulatory ridges, a narrow head, six filaments per outer demibranch and radula exhibiting no archaic traits, medium size oocytes and a low number of very long spermatophores. Graneledone gonzalezi is compared with its other congeneric species and found most closely resemble G. antarctica . The geographic and bathymetric distribution of G. gonzalezi is also discussed.
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  • 35
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80 (4). pp. 745-746.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The stranding of a female specimen of the genus Architeuthis , a species not previously recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, is reported from the southern Spanish coast (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). The geographical distribution of the species is discussed.
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  • 36
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (4). pp. 687-694.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Published information on the diet of Cuvier's beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris (Odontoceti: Ziphiidae) is reviewed and new information on the stomach contents of three animals: two stranded in Galicia (north-west Spain) in February 1990 at A Lanzada, and in February 1995 at Portonovo; and the third stranded in February 1999 in North Uist (Scotland), is presented. The whale stranded in 1990 was a male; the other two were adult females. All animals were 〉5 m long. The limited published information on the diet of this species indicates that it feeds primarily on oceanic cephalopods although some authors also found remains of oceanic fish and crustaceans. Food remains from the three new samples consisted entirely of cephalopod beaks. The Scottish sample set is the largest recorded to date for this species. The prey identified consisted of oceanic cephalopods, mainly squid (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea). The most frequently occurring species were the squid Teuthowenia megalops , Mastigoteuthis schmidti and Taonius pavo (for the Galician whale stranded in 1990), Teuthowenia megalops and Histioteuthis reversa (for the second Galician whale) and T. megalops , Gonatus sp. and Taonius pavo (for the Scottish whale). Other prey included the squid Histioteuthis bonnellii , Histioteuthis arcturi and Todarodes sagittatus as well as Vampiroteuthis infernalis (Cephalopoda: Vampyromorpha), Stauroteuthis syrtensis and Japetella diaphana (Cephalopoda: Octopoda). The squid eaten (estimated from the measurement of the lower beaks) included juvenile and mature individuals of the most important species ( Teuthowenia megalops , Gonatus sp.). The range of species found in the diet of Z. cavirostris is greater than that reported for sperm whales and bottlenosed whales in the north-east Atlantic.
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  • 37
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83 (3). pp. 523-534.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Specimens of the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens were collected from four sites in the Southern Ocean: Macquarie Island, the Falkland Islands, the Chatham Rise (New Zealand) and the Campbell Plateau (New Zealand). Spatial variations in diet among these areas were investigated using stomach contents and lipid and fatty acid profiles. Myctophid fish were prominent prey items at all sites, and the diet at New Zealand sites contained temperate myctophid species that were not identified at other sites. The diet at the Falkland Islands differed considerably from other sites due to the large proportion of cephalopod prey that had been consumed by M. ingens . This is likely to be due to the absence of key myctophids, such as Electrona carlsbergi , and the abundance of smaller squid such as Loligo gahi and juvenile M. ingens over the Patagonian Shelf. Stomach contents data could not be used effectively to determine dietary differences between the Chatham Rise and Campbell Plateau, largely due to differences in sample sizes between these sites. Lipid class and fatty acid profiles of the digestive gland indicated that the diet of M. ingens differed significantly between the Chatham Rise and Campbell Plateau, despite the relative proximity of these sites. We conclude from total lipid content that this was due to a reduction in food availability to M. ingens at the Campbell Plateau. The highly productive waters of the Subtropical Front pass over the Chatham Rise, whereas the Campbell Plateau is situated in less productive sub-Antarctic water. Differences in oceanographic conditions are likely to have driven dietary variations between these two sites.
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  • 38
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (6). pp. 983-986.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The relationship between sperm reservoir and total spermatophore length among 168 spermatophores from 44 species in 11 genera has been considered. Bivariate plots show that four Atlantic species of the genus Eledone produce spermatophores with relatively large sperm reservoirs that differ from all others. Measurements of the remaining spermatophores are so tightly correlated that a single equation explains over 96% of the variation. Functional constraints on gross spermatophore morphology may be so strong that males cannot manipulate sperm reservoir size independently of spermatophore size to maximize the sperm delivered at a single copulation. Alternate means to assure male paternity may have evolved in the group as a result. Despite the overall uniformity of the relationship among all species other than those of Eledone in the Atlantic, these measurements distinguish the overtly similar species Octopus bimaculatus – Octopus bimaculoides and separate Benthoctopus januarii from all others.
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  • 39
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (4). pp. 719-720.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: This study provides a description of the Mediterranean monk seal ( Monachus monachus ) diet from the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. A total of 23 prey items belonging to five species were identified from the two stomachs examined. Cephalopods constitute the dominant prey group by weight (94·01%). Sarcotragus sp. (Porifera) and Posidonia oceanica (Magnoliophyta) are assumed to be incidental prey. Of the cephalopods identified, Eledone moschata and Bathypolypus sponsalis were encountered for the first time in a monk seal stomach.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Possible effects of “El Niño” Southern Oscillation (ENSO) components “El Niño”and “La Niña“ on populations of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina L., are considered in this study. Information on pup weaning mass, collected at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, over a ten-year period (1985–94) was analysed with respect to the occurrence of ENSO and recent research in feeding ecology of this population in the Bellinghausen Sea. Weaning mass of elephant seals was found to be higher during “La Niña” and a lower during “El Niño”. Differences in weaning mass between sexes varied in different proportions during El Niño and La Niña. The teleconnection between tropical Pacific anomalies and the Bellinghausen Sea deserves further research, and our results suggest a way to study this phenomenon using data of elephant seal pups weaning mass as indicators of changes in food availability.
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  • 41
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (4). pp. 703-704.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: A female Octopus macropus , the first ever observed spawning, attached eggs (4·0×1·2 mm, with a chorion stalk 4 mm in length) individually or in clusters to a hard substrate, and brooded them till hatching. Hatchlings measured 4·0 mm in dorsal mantle length, 5·5 mm in total length and were planktonic; their short arms had seven suckers each, the outer demi-branch of each gill had ten lamellae. The chromatophore pattern confirmed an earlier identification of young individuals from the plankton (Naef, 1923).
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  • 42
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 15 (4). pp. 415-424.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The syntypes of the endemic Southern Ocean octopodid Pareledone polymorpha (Robson, 1930) were re-examined and measurements, counts and indices are presented. The two forms described by Robson, namely oblonga and affinis , are determined to have no taxonomic validity. The species polymorpha shows morphological similarities with Pareledone adelieana (Berry, 1917) but differs in relative arm lengths, sucker counts, external colouration and size at maturity. Both species are transferred to the new genus Adelieledone , which is separated from the genus Pareledone s.s. by the transverse ridges in the ligula groove of the hectocotylus, the sharp tip of the lower beak, the enlarged posterior salivary glands, the absence of stylets and by skin sculpture, especially by the presence of two longitudinal integumentary ridges on the dorsal mantle. A new species, Adelieledone piatkowski , is described from the Antarctic Peninsula. Beak morphology can discriminate the genera in predator studies.
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  • 43
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    SEPM | Cambridge University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-02-17
    Description: Distributions of the species of Foraminifera (living and dead) forming the greater part of the foraminiferal faunas in marshes in Poponesset Bay, Massa- chusetts, have been studied. Eight stations were sampled bimonthly for one year (August, 1956 to September, 1957). The marsh environments vary from almost non-marine (with tidal influence) to near marine. Arenoparrella mexicana, Haplo- phragmoides hancocki, Tiphotrocha comprimata, and Trochammina macrescens de- crease with increasingly marine conditions, whereas Jadammina polystoma and Trochammina inflata increase. Other species such as Ammobaculites dilatatus, Am- motium salsum, Miliammina fusca, and Protelphidium tisburyense fluctuate inde- pendently of the degree of brackish or marine conditions. Unknown factors govern- ing micro- and macroenvironments probably play an important part in controlling distributions. Suggested factors are type of vegetation, chemical factors, pH, nutrients and food. Calcareous specimens are rapidly destroyed after death pre- sumably due either to the ability of the living form to resist acidity or to a postu- lated increase in acidity immediately below the sediment surface, more probably the latter. This destruction of the tests is of importance in the interpretation of ancient marsh environments. Many species, including the calcareous ones, had their largest living populations in June or September and their smallest in December or February. There were some exceptions such as Miliammina fusca which showed an increase in winter. The total living populations were greatest in June and lowest in December, which may be related to maximum temperature and time of greatest reduction in temperature respectively. Multiple sampling showed that distribu- tions at any one station were fairly uniform although nearby samples in different microenvironments in some cases vary considerably.
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  • 44
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Methodological and technological issues in technology transfer | Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 45
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Public participation in sustainability science
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 47
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Managing Biodiversity for Sustainability
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 49
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Biodiversity, sustainability and human communities: Protecting beyond the protected
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 50
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability | Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 51
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001: Impact, adaptation, and vulnerability
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 52
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Land use, Land-use change, and forestry - A special report of the IPCC
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 53
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 54
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Public Participation and Integrated Assessment - European Perspectives
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 55
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 56
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Public participation in sustainability science
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 57
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Biodiversity, sustainability and human communities: Protecting beyond the protected
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 58
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001 - impacts, mitigation and adaptation. Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the IPCC
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 59
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Public participation and integrated assessment - European perspectives
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 60
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 61
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Risk, reliability, uncertainty, and robustness of water resources systems
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 62
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    Cambridge University Press
    Publication Date: 2023-05-02
    Description: This paper examines the relationship between simulation and experiment. Many discussions of simulation, and indeed the term “numerical experiments,” invoke a strong metaphor of experimentation. On the other hand, many simulations begin as attempts to apply scientific theories. This has lead many to characterize simulation as lying between theory and experiment. The aim of the paper is to try to reconcile these two points of view—to understand what methodological and epistemological features simulation has in common with experimentation, while at the same time keeping a keen eye on simulation's ancestry as a form of scientific theorizing. In so doing, it seeks to apply some of the insights of recent work on the philosophy of experiment to an aspect of theorizing that is of growing philosophical interest: the construction of local models.
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