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  • Articles  (8)
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  • Springer  (8)
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  • 2000-2004  (8)
  • 1980-1984
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  • Economics  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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  • Springer  (8)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
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  • Economics  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooperation in R&D and production: a three-firm analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 71 (2000), S. 281-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: knowledge sharing ; research joint venture ; merger ; innovation ; L13 ; D43 ; O33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper analyzes, in a model of quantity-setting three firms, the interaction between cooperation decisions at the R&D stage and merger decisions at the production stage. We assume that only two of the three firms are capable of doing cost-reducing research. Two types of cooperative research, viz., the knowledge-sharing agreement and research joint venture are considered. Cost reduction in the case of a successful research joint venture is larger compared to knowledge sharing or independent research, due to possible synergies. We show that allowing mergers can change the organization of the R&D process, and admitting cooperative research can affect the occurrence and nature of mergers at the production stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228744
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location decisions: The role of uncertainty about consumer tastes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 71 (2000), S. 31-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: Maximum differentiation ; linear city ; firm location ; demand uncertainty ; L13 ; D43
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyzes to what extent firms make decisions about location based on uncertainty about consumer tastes. The model used in this analysis incorporates a linear city and quadratic consumer-transportation costs. In this framework, when firms choose locations, or in other words, choose the kind of product they are going to manufacture, they ignore the location, or real tastes, of their consumers. The existence of uncertainty raises the degree of product differentiation, because the anti-competitive effect that arises as distance from rivals increases counteracts the reduction in the degree of differentiation provided by the demand effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227495
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entry regulation and social welfare with an integer problem (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 71 (2000), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: entry regulation ; excess entry ; integer problem ; L13 ; L51
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper elaborates on Salop (1979) who showed that the number of firms at free-entry equilibrium is excessive from the viewpoint of social welfare (excess-entry theorem). This paper considers an integer problem of the number of firms entering the market. We find that the excess-entry theorem does not hold true if the marginal production cost is increasing, while it holds true if the marginal production cost is constant. This result warns against the use of the excess-entry theorem for rationalizing entry regulation such as the notorious Japanese Large-Scaled Retail Act restricting the new entry of retailers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227496
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic nonlinear pricing (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 71 (2000), S. 109-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: nonlinear pricing ; two-part tariffs ; oligopoly ; spatial competition ; L13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this paper is to examine the role of nonlinear strategies in a standard oligopoly framework. We demonstrate that nonlinear pricing may indeed emerge as an equilibrium strategy, but only when firms produce differentiated products, when one firm retains market power due to a cost advantage, or as part of an equilibrium in mixed strategies. In addition, we examine the role of nonlinear pricing in a spatial-competition framework. Our main conclusion is that in highly competitive markets, nonlinear pricing strategies are not likely to emerge as an equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227447
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential competition and coordination in a market-entry game (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 71 (2000), S. 149-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: entry coordination ; investment rivalry ; potential competition ; D43 ; D72 ; L13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract When there are too many potential competitors available to exploit a new market opportunity, the risk of multiple entry may discourage entry. This paper employs a contest to coordinate entry and compares the outcome with the mixed-strategy approach. Expected profit per firm decreases with potential competition and welfare eventually decreases with potential competition for many contest designs. The contest outcome is welfare superior to the mixed-strategy outcome when entry costs are high but the situation is reversed when entry costs are low. The contest model is consistent with certain empirical evidence on investment rivalry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227449
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-quality bias in vertically differentiated oligopolies—a note on skills, trade, and welfare (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 71 (2000), S. 133-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: vertical differentiation ; strategic effects ; intra-industry trade ; skilled-unskilled wage premia ; D4 ; J24 ; L13 ; L15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In a vertically differentiated Cournot oligopoly where the high-quality variant of the good requires the use of high-quality labor, firms may either all supply the same quality or differentiate their product. In differentiated configurations the number of firms choosing to supply the high-quality variant is generally above the optimum. The opening of trade between symmetric countries entails a pro-competitive effect that raises welfare through a reduction in average quality. This result contrasts with previous findings concerning the opening of trade in vertically differentiated oligopolistic industries (Gabszewicz, Shaked, Sutton, and Thisse,International Economic Review 22 [1981]; Shaked and Sutton, in Kierzkowski, ed.,Monopolistic Competition and International Trade, Oxford 1984).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227448
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A hybrid equilibrium in segmented markets: the three-firm case (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 72 (2000), S. 81-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: segmentation ; loyalty ; mixed strategy ; D43 ; L13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we characterize two hybrid equilibria for the three-firm case in segmented markets in which consumers not only value the product itself but also the environment within which the consumption takes place. In equilibrium, the firm with the larger population of loyal consumers chooses the monopoly price while the remaining two firms play a mixed strategy. In the duopoly case, the unique equilibrium is in mixed strategies and no firm focuses only on its loyal consumers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01231490
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are you being served? A general-equilibrium analysis of flexibility in production (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 72 (2000), S. 19-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: flexibility in production ; differentiated products ; ideal variety approach ; general-equilibrium model ; D43 ; L13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper firms may deviate from standard product specifications by investing in flexible production. In a two-sector general-equilibrium model that features consumer preferences with a desire for customization and in which the fixed cost of manufacturing production depend on the extent of flexibility chosen, we find that flexibility in production increases aggregate welfare. Moreover, we find that the symmetric equilibrium with positive (excess) profits welfare dominates the equilibrium with zero profits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01231487
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