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  • Other Sources  (111)
  • Taylor & Francis  (58)
  • Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
  • Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
  • 2000-2004  (50)
  • 1980-1984  (61)
  • 1950-1954
Collection
  • Other Sources  (111)
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  • 1
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    Berechnung des Vorhersagefehleroperators nach der Maximum-Entropie Methode (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Beitrag zum Forschungsvorhaben: "Ableitung von Filterstrukturen zur seismischen Erkundung der tieferen Erdkruste", Washington, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. SSS-R-81-4656, S-CUBED, pp. 844, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: REP ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Filter- ; Spectrum
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Application of laboratory fracture mechanics data to hydraulic fracturing field tests (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Preprint, Stockholm, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 1034, no. 2-90/91, pp. 177-186, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1983
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Registrierungen seismischer Ereignisse im Ruhrgebiet 1980 (1981)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Wissenschaftl. Veröffentl. (Reihe B), Hrsg. H.-P. Harjes, Atlanta, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2127, pp. 1219-1222
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: BUG ; ERDSTOSS (see also rockburst and Gebirgsschlag) ; Mining geophysics ; GEBIRGSSCHLAG (see also rockburst and Erdstoss) ; Earthquake catalog ; Rock bursts (see also ERDSTOSS and GEBIRGSSCHLAG) ; Local earthquakes
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Die Magnetisierung der ozeanischen Kruste Ein Beitrag zum Vine-Matthews-Modell nach Ergebnissen mariner Tiefbohrungen (1981)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Dissertation, Berichte, Bochum, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1109-1111
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Geomagnetics ; Plate tectonics ; Borehole geophys.
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Registrierungen seismischer Ereignisse im Ruhrgebiet 1983 (1984)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Wissenschaftl. Veröffentl. (Reihe B), Hrsg. H.-P. Harjes, Atlanta, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2127, pp. 1219-1222
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: BUG ; ERDSTOSS (see also rockburst and Gebirgsschlag) ; Mining geophysics ; GEBIRGSSCHLAG (see also rockburst and Erdstoss) ; Earthquake catalog ; Rock bursts (see also ERDSTOSS and GEBIRGSSCHLAG) ; Local earthquakes
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Registrierungen seismischer Ereignisse im Ruhrgebiet 1982 (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Wissenschaftl. Veröffentl. (Reihe B), Hrsg. H.-P. Harjes, Atlanta, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2127, pp. 1219-1222
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: BUG ; ERDSTOSS (see also rockburst and Gebirgsschlag) ; Mining geophysics ; GEBIRGSSCHLAG (see also rockburst and Erdstoss) ; Earthquake catalog ; Rock bursts (see also ERDSTOSS and GEBIRGSSCHLAG) ; Local earthquakes
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Inversion verrauschter synthetischer Impulsreflexionsseismogramme - Faktorisierung der Spektralfunktion (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Beitrag zum Forschungsvorhaben: "Ableitung von Filterstrukturen zur seismischen Erkundung der tieferen Erdkruste", Washington, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. SSS-R-81-4656, S-CUBED, pp. 844, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: REP ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Inversion ; Synthetic seismograms ; Filter- ; Spectrum
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Numerische modellseismische Untersuchungen zur Nachweisbarkeit von Auswaschungszonen in Steinkohlenflözen mit Hilfe von Love-Flözwellen (1984)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Oslo, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-87-0244, pp. 569-576
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Love-waves ; SEModelling ; Mining geophysics ; Channel waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    Detektion transienter Signale in interstationärem Rauschen (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Beitrag zum Forschungsvorhaben: "Kriterien zur Ereigniserkennung bei mehrspurigen digitalen Breitbandseismogrammen", Washington, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. SSS-R-81-4656, S-CUBED, pp. 844, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: REP ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; NOISE ; Inversion ; Spectrum ; Broad-band ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Registrierungen seismischer Ereignisse im Ruhrgebiet 1981 (1982)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Wissenschaftl. Veröffentl. (Reihe B), Hrsg. H.-P. Harjes, Atlanta, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2127, pp. 1219-1222
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: BUG ; ERDSTOSS (see also rockburst and Gebirgsschlag) ; Mining geophysics ; GEBIRGSSCHLAG (see also rockburst and Erdstoss) ; Earthquake catalog ; Rock bursts (see also ERDSTOSS and GEBIRGSSCHLAG) ; Local earthquakes
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Ein Array zur Untersuchung der Seismizität des Ruhrgebiets (1982)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, La Jolla, CA, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 1034, no. 77-767, pp. 293-297, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic arrays
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Bruchzähigkeitsmessungen an Gesteinen (1984)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Universität Frankfurt, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 70, pp. 1143-1146 (SL3.8), (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Laboratory measurements ; Instruments ; Elasticity ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    Berechnung von Dispersionskurven und der Amplitudentiefenverteilung für Flözwellen vom Love-Typ für die n-fach geschichtete, planparallele Abfolge Nebengestein/Flöz/Nebengestein (1982)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Menlo Park, California, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 1034, no. 77-3, pp. 262-277, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Mining geophysics ; Channel waves ; Layers ; Layers ; Love-waves ; Dispersion ; Rader
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Reflexionsseismische Modellierung von Sedimenten (1982)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Univ. Karlsruhe, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 1034, no. 85-739, pp. 1-109, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Seismic stratigraphy
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    Geschwindigkeitsuntersuchungen am Falkenberger Granit (1981)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Rome, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. 13, pp. 1431-1434, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Velocity ; Physical properties of rocks ; Laboratory measurements ; Instruments ; Wohrl
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Theoretische Impulsreflexionsseismogramme homogener geschichteter Medien (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Beitrag zum Forschungsvorhaben: "Ableitung von Filterstrukturen zur seismischen Erkundung der tieferen Erdkruste", Washington, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. SSS-R-81-4656, S-CUBED, pp. 844, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: REP ; Synthetic seismograms ; Filter- ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Layers
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    Analyse breitbandiger Oberflächenwellen - eine Möglichkeit zur seismischen Diskrimination (1982)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Wissenschaftl. Veröffentl. (Reihe A), Los Angeles, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. 41, pp. 143, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Discrimination ; PIC ; gab ; Seismology ; Surface waves ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Broad-band ; Detectors ; Nuclear explosion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    Vergleich von Herdflächenlösungen und Momententensoren (1984)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Dissertation, Berichte Reihe A, Hannover, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 15, pp. 67-73, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Rock bursts (see also ERDSTOSS and GEBIRGSSCHLAG) ; ERDSTOSS (see also rockburst and Gebirgsschlag) ; Moment tensor ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Modellseismische Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Bergmitteleinlagerungen in tektonisch ungestörten und gestörten Kohleflözen auf die Ausbreitung von Rayleigh Flözwellen (1981)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Tokyo, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 29, pp. 1321-1323, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: SEModelling ; Channel waves ; Mining geophysics ; Rayleigh waves ; Kuhbach
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 20
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    Ein- und mehrdimensionale Rekursivfilter und ihre Anwendung in der Seismik (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Vorlesungsskript, Hannover, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 51, pp. 193-210, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Filter- ; Recursive filters ; Review article ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 21
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    Thermal cracking in glass (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Preprint, New Orleans, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. EL-1021R, pp. 12, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1983
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 22
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    Dispersionsanalyse von Rayleigh Wellen regionaler Seismogramme (1982)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Hannover, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. Publ. num. 191, pp. 1-32, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Seismology ; Dispersion ; Rayleigh waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 23
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    Untersuchungen an zweidimensionalen analogen und numerischen Modellen zur Transmission und Reflexion von Love- und Rayleigh-Flözwellen (1984)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Dissertation, Hanscom Air Force Base, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2250, pp. 1-25, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: SEModelling ; Mining geophysics ; Channel waves ; Love-waves ; Rayleigh waves ; Reflectivity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    Flözwellenseismische Vorfelderkundung mit Hilfe digitaler Meßwerterfassung: modellseismische Untersuchungen (1982)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Technical Report, Hanscom Air Force Base, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PL-TR-91-2250, pp. 1-25, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; SEModelling ; Mining geophysics ; Channel waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    Modellieren von Seismogrammen lokaler Erdstöße mit der Reflexionsmethode (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Uppsala, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. 3-80, pp. 26-27, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Rock bursts (see also ERDSTOSS and GEBIRGSSCHLAG) ; ERDSTOSS (see also rockburst and Gebirgsschlag)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 26
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    Bruchmechanische Gesteinsuntersuchungen mit dem Bezug zu hydraulischen Fracversuchen in Tiefbohrungen (1983)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Dissertation, Berichte, Düsseldorf, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 10, no. 13, pp. II.496-II.505, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Stress ; Hydraulic fracturing ; Laboratory measurements
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 27
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    Untersuchungen von Bruch- und Scherprozessen im Granit und Serpentinit bei hohen Drücken und Temperaturen (1981)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
    In:  Dissertation, Berichte, Houston, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, no. 10, pp. 103-155
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Stress ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture ; Laboratory measurements
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 28
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    Morphological Features of Co-Rich Manganese Deposits and Their Relation to Seabed Slopes (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 18 (1). pp. 43-76.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-09
    Description: The morphological features associated with Co-rich manganese deposits, the size variations of nodules, and the occurrence of different substrates have been analyzed, to evaluate the influence of various seabed slope angles on the distribution of these features. The coverage and size of the crusts depend on their surface morphology and seabed topography, resulting in cobble-type, lineated, or step-like outcrops. Small nodules (1–4 cm in diameter) dominate all seabed slopes, with a few locations having nodules ranging from 1 to 8 or 1 to 10 cm. Sediments invariably occur as substrates for nodules and as cover for crusts, their coverage being inversely proportional to that of the nodules and crust outcrops.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 29
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    Side-Scan Sonar Characteristics and Manganese Nodule Abundance in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zones, NE Equatorial Pacific (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 22 (1-2). pp. 103-114.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-20
    Description: The deep ocean floor between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones (NE equatorial Pacific) has the highest known manganese nodule abundance in the world oceans. A detailed analysis of MR1 (Mapping Researcher 1, 11–12 kHz) sonar images and free-fall grab data in the Korean manganese nodule field areas reveals a close relationship between side-scan sonar characteristics of the seafloor and manganese nodule abundance. Eight sonar facies are identified based on back-scattering intensity and distribution patterns. These sonar facies can be interpreted as (1) volcanic seamounts (facies I-1), (2) bounding faults of abyssal hills (facies I-2 and II-1), (3) lava flows or volcanoclastic mass-flow deposits around the volcanic seamounts (facies I-3 and II-2), (4) crests of abyssal hills (facies II-1), (5) abyssal troughs between abyssal hills (facies III-1), (6) relatively flat areas (facies II-3 and III-2). In the areas where facies II-1 (abyssal hill crests with thin sediment cover) and II-3 (relatively flat areas draped by thin sediments) are dominant, manganese nodules occur abundantly. In contrast, zones comprising facies III-1 (abyssal troughs with thick sediment cover) and III-2 (relatively flat areas covered by thick sediments) are characterized by low abundance of manganese nodules. This relationship between distribution of sonar facies and manganese nodule abundance implies that (1) the qualitative difference in acoustic reflectivity of long-range sidescan sonar with some ground truth data is useful for regional assessment of manganese nodule occurrence over wide areas in a reasonable time, and (2) seafloor topography and sediment thickness are important controlling factors for regional occurrences of manganese nodules.
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  • 30
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    Video observations on the habitat association of demersal nekton in the midshelf benthic environment off the Orange River, Namibia (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  South African Journal of Marine Science, 22 (1). pp. 1-7.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-06
    Description: A semi-quantitative assessment is made of the animals observed in archived videotapes taken from the research submersible Jago, during diamond mining and exploratory surveys off the mouth of the Orange River on the west coast of southern Africa (28°15′S, 29°11′S) in November 1996. The seabed environment is described and nekton associations with substratum features are identified. The area is characterized by heterogeneity to its physical and biological struture. The variety of observed nekton is low, and communities are dominated by goby Sufflogobius bibarbatus, juvenile hake Merluccius spp. and cuttlefish Sepia spp. (on soft substrata), as well as false jacopever Sebastes capensis and kingklip Genypterus capensis (on rocky substrata).
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  • 31
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    Sulfoglycolipid from the marine brown alga Sargassum Hemiphyllum (2001)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 3 (2). pp. 117-122.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-05
    Description: One kinds of glycolipid (SBI) have been isolated from the marine brown alga Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turn.) Ag. The structures of SBI have been determined as the sodium salt of 1-0-acyl-3-0-(6′-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyrannosyl) glycerol (acyl: tetradecanoyl, pentadecanoyl, 11-hexadecenoyl, hexadecanoyl, 10,13-octadecadienoyl, 9-octade cenoyl, 15-metylheptadecanoyl and 11-eicosenoyl 17:1.5:19:153:1:19:1:2) on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Four constituents of the SBI were new compounds [the sodium salt of 1-0-(11″-hexadecenoyl)-3-0-(6′-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyrannosyl) glycerol, the sodium salt of 1-0-(10″,13″-octadecadienoyl)-3-0-(6′-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyrannosyl) glycerol, and the sodium salt of 1-0-(15″-metylhexadecenoyl)-3-0-(6′-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyrannosyl) glycerol, and the sodium salt of 1-0-(11″-eicosenoyl)-3-0-(6′-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyrannosyl) glycerol]. All compounds were isolated from marine brown alga for the first time.
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  • 32
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    The influence of temperature, sex and chela size in the foraging strategy of the shore crab,Carcinus maenas(L.) (1980)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 7 (1). pp. 15-24.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-18
    Description: Foraging rate was highly variable among shore crabs of the same size category and for individual crabs from day to day. Possible physiological reasons for this variability are discussed. Shore crab foraging rate, both in terms of mussels eaten per day and energy intake per day, was estimated to be higher at 17°C than at 10°C. The shape of diet curves and their mode for male shore crabs at 17°C closely resembled those for 10°C, indicating that the temperature increase had no effect on their previously demonstrated optimal foraging strategy. Female and certain male shore crabs showed a preference for prey smaller than for other equivalent sized males. These suboptimally feeding male and female crabs attained a relatively higher prédation rate (mussels day‐1), although their energy intake (KJ day‐1) remained lower than that of optimally feeding males. Preferred mussel size, number of mussels eaten per day and energy intake were strongly related to master chela height. The diet curves for female and suboptimally feeding male shore crabs could be explained by these crabs’ proportionately smaller master chelae.
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  • 33
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    Histological investigation of organisms with hard skeletons: a case study of siliceous sponges (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 78 (3-4). pp. 191-199.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: Siliceous and calcareous sponges commonly are treated with acid to remove the spicules prior to embedding and cutting for histological investigations. Histology of spiculated sponge tissue represents a challenging problem in sponge histotechnology. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), a key method for studying sponge-associated microbes, is not possible after acid treatment. For a broad range of siliceous sponge species, we developed and evaluated methods for embedding in paraffin, methylmethacrylate resins, LR White resin and cryomatrix. Different methods for cutting tissue blocks as well as mounting and staining sections also were tested. Our aim was to enable histological investigations and FISH without prior removal of the spicules. To obtain an overview of tissue and skeleton arrangement, we recommend embedding tissue blocks with LR White resin combined with en bloc staining techniques for large specimens with thick and numerous spicules, but paraffin embedding and subsequent staining for whole small specimens. For FISH on siliceous sponges, we recommend Histocryl embedding if the spicule content is high, but paraffin embedding if it is low. Classical histological techniques are used for detailed tissue examinations.
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    Cadmium in Zinc Deposits: Economic Geology of a Polluting Element (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Geology Review, 42 . pp. 445-469.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-29
    Description: The chief host of cadmium in zinc deposits is sphalerite, the cadmium content of which depends on the type of deposit. Sphalerite from Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits has high cadmium concentrations whereas sphalerite from exhalative deposits has low cadmium concentrations. The Cd content of sphalerite depends on the Cd/Zn ratio, ligand activities, and temperature of the ore-forming fluids. The combined effect of variation of temperature, pH, total activity of reduced sulfur, and activity of Cl- cannot by itself account for either Cd depletion (exhalative deposits) or Cd enrichment (MVT deposits). Variations in the Cd/Zn ratio of the fluid have a significant effect in determining that of sphalerite. Basinal brines, which can considered to be the recent equivalents of MVT fluids, have high Cd/Zn ratios, and active exhalative systems are characterized by low Cd/Zn ratios. Probably the differences in sphalerite composition between the different deposit types are less a function of temperature and ligand activities than Cd/Zn ratio of the ore-forming fluids. In the hydrothermal environment, the Cd/Zn ratio is generally not high enough to allow crystallization of cadmium sulfides (greenockite or hawleyite). The abundance of greenockite in the supergene alteration zone of hydrothermal zinc deposits can be explained on the basis of Zn scavenging by crystallizing smithsonite.
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  • 35
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    Coordination in a diphyid siphonophore (1983)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 9 (2). pp. 139-170.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-22
    Description: The behaviour of Chelophyes has been analysed from the point of view of coordination between stem and nectophores, and an electron microscope study of the effectors and conducting elements has been carried out. Coordination between the stem and anterior nectophore involves two pathways, one epithelial and the other nervous. The nervous link consists of a bundle of small neurites and a single giant axon. There is some evidence that this mediates rapid escape behaviour. After the nerves have been cut, coordination is maintained via the epithelial route. Impulses can jump from epithelial cells into nerves but the transmission process is unclear. Neuro‐epithelial transmission involves conventional synapses. As in physonectid siphonophores, the stem has two nervous systems each with its own giant fibre, and a slow system, the endodermal epithelium. In the nectophore, marginal nerve centres generate a swimming rhythm. Conduction in the subumbrellar muscle is myoid. The exumbrellar epithelium and the subumbrellar endoderm are conducting tissues. Histological study reveals synapses in the predicted locations and gives details of myo‐epithelial organization and nervous layout. Novel histological features include elements resembling steroid‐secreting cells, which ensheath nerves and are innervated by them, and innervated giant non‐nervous cells lying between the nerve ring and the hydroecium. The subumbrellar muscle cells are shown to have sarcolemmal invaginations reminiscent of the f‐tubule system of vertebrate muscle.
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    Crab walking of quadruped robots with a locked joint failure (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Advanced Robotics, 17 (9). pp. 863-878.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-14
    Description: Fault tolerance is an important aspect in the development of control systems for multi-legged robots since a failure in a leg may lead to a severe loss of static stability of a gait. In this paper, an algorithm for tolerating a locked joint failure is described in gait planning for a quadruped robot with crab walking. A locked joint failure is one for which a joint cannot move and is locked in place. If a failed joint is locked, the workspace of the resulting leg is constrained, but legged robots have fault tolerance capability to continue walking maintaining static stability. A strategy for fault-tolerant gaits is described and, especially, a periodic gait is presented for crab walking of a quadruped. The leg sequence and the formula of the stride length are analytically driven based on gait study and robot kinematics. The adjustment procedure from a normal gait to the proposed fault-tolerant crab gait is shown to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed scheme.
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    Modelling torque generation by the mero-carpopodite joint of the american lobster and the snow crab (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 37 (4). pp. 235-251.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Description: The torque generated by a rotating joint comprises the useful force exerted by the joint on the external environment, and both the magnitude and distribution of torque through the step cycle during walking are important variables in understanding the mechanics of walking. The mechanics of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) during walking were modelled to examine the relative roles of flexor versus extensor apodeme–muscle complexes, investigate which legs of these decapods likely contribute the greatest to locomotion, determine scaling effects of torque generation, and assess the relative roles of various model variables on torque production. Force generated along the length of the apodeme by the muscle was modelled based on apodeme surface area, muscle stress, and muscle fibre pinnation angle. Torque was then calculated from this estimated force and the corresponding moment arm. The flexor apodeme–muscle complex is calculated to generate consistently greater forces than the extensor, and generally this results in flexor torque being larger than extensor, though the snow crab does illustrate the opposite in two of its legs. This greater torque generation in flexion suggests that, in addition to the pushing of the trailing legs, the pulling action of the leading legs may play a significant role, at least during lateral walking. Leg 4 of both species appears to generate greater torques and thus provide the greatest forces for locomotion. Torque generation as a function of body size shows a second order response due to the increase in apodeme surface area. The pinnation angle of the muscle fibre is found to be insignificant in force generation, apodeme surface area (representing muscle cross sectional area) likely plays the most influential role in total force production, and moment arm controls the distribution of this force through the step cycle. Muscle stress remain a largely unknown quantity however, and may significantly affect both magnitude and distribution through step cycle of forces, and thus torque. Despite the uncertainty associated with the muscle stress parameter, the modelled results fit well with previously published force measurements.
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  • 38
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    Components of body pattern displays in the octopus Eledone cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1981)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 8 (2). pp. 135-148.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: The major light and dark components of body displays are described and classified for the octopus Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck) under aquarium conditions. Comparisons are made with Octopus vulgaris and Eledone moschata. Upon the basic similarity of white display components in the three species is superimposed a trend of modification. Dark components are less various in Eledone cirrhosa and although the chromatophores are organised with leucophores into chromatic units these are not clearly limited morphologically by “grooves”. The mottle patterns of Eledone seem to be arranged along the longitudinal and latitudinal (radial) axes of the animal, the grade of mottle does not respond to grade of background contrast.
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  • 39
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    Characteristics of Seafloor Morphology and Ferromanganese Nodule Occurrence in the Korea Deep-sea Environmental Study (KODES) Area, NE Equatorial Pacific (2001)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 19 (3). pp. 167-180.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
    Description: Seafloor morphology and ferromanganese nodule occurrence were studied using a multibeam side scan sonar (SeaBeam, 2000) and a deep-sea camera system in the Korea Deep-sea Environmental Study (KODES) area, northeast equatorial Pacific. Seafloor morphology and nodule abundance are highly variable even in this small study area. The NNE-SSW oriented hills are parallel and about 100–200 m high. Valleys are very flat-floored, while hilltops are rugged with depressions of tens of meters. Cliffs to about 100 m bound the valleys and the hills. The study area can be classified into three types based both on nodule occurrence and seafloor morphology, mostly G- and B-types and some M-type. G-type is characterized by high nodule abundance, ubiquitous bioturbation, and flat seafloor morphology, while B-type is characterized by irregular-shaped nodules, variable nodule abundance, occurrence of giant nodules and sediment lumps, rugged bottom morphology with depressions, and white calcareous surface sediments. Medium nodule abundance and a generally flat seafloor characterize M-type. G-type occurs mostly in the valley regions, while B-type is on the hilltop areas. M-type is located between the hilltop and the valley. Tectonic movement of the Pacific plate resulted in the elongated abyssal hills and cliffs. The rugged morphology on hilltops resulted from erosion and redistribution of surface siliceous sediments on hilltops by bottom currents, outcropping of underlying calcareous sediments, and dissolution of the carbonate sediments by corrosive bottom water undersaturated with CaCO3. Sediment eroded from the hills, which is relatively young and organic-rich, is deposited in the valleys, and diagenetic metal supply to manganese nodules in the valley area is more active than on the hills. We suggest that tectonic movement ultimately constrains morphology, surface sediment facies, bottom currents and sediment redistribution, bioturbation, thickness of the sedimentary layer, and other conditions, which are all interrelated and control nodule occurrence. The best potential area for mining in the study area is the G-type valley zones with about 3–4 km width and NNW-SSE orientation.
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  • 40
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    A revision of the family Forskaliidae (Siphonophora, Physonectae) (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Journal of Natural History, 37 (11). pp. 1281-1327.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Description: The family Forskaliidae (Siphonophora, Physonectae) contains a single genus, Forskalia, whose species are, in general, poorly known. However, in recent years many Forskalia specimens have been collected by scuba divers or by using submersibles. These specimens have allowed a comprehensive review of the species within the genus to be carried out. In addition two new species are described.
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  • 41
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    Late Saalian and Eemian palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Laptev Sea region, Arctic Siberia) (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Boreas, 33 (4). pp. 319-348.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-22
    Description: Palaeoenvironmental records from permafrost sequences complemented by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and 230Th/U dates from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (7320'N, 14130'E) document the environmental history in the region for at least the past 200 ka. Pollen spectra and insect fauna indicate that relatively wet grass-sedge tundra habitats dominated during an interstadial c. 200–170 ka BP. Summers were rather warm and wet, while stable isotopes reflect severe winter conditions. The pollen spectra reflect sparser grass-sedge vegetation during a Taz (Late Saalian) stage, c. 170–130 ka BP, with environmental conditions much more severe compared with the previous interstadial. Open Poaceae and Artemisia plant associations dominated vegetation at the beginning of the Kazantsevo (Eemian) c. 130 ka BP. Some shrubs (Alnus fruticosa, Salix, Betula nana) grew in more protected and wetter places as well. The climate was relatively warm during this time, resulting in the melting of Saalian ice wedges. Later, during the interglacial optimum, shrub tundra with Alnus fruticosa and Betula nana s.l. dominated vegetation. Climate was relatively wet and warm. Quantitative pollen-based climate reconstruction suggests that mean July temperatures were 4–5 C higher than the present during the optimum of the Eemian, while late Eemian records indicate significant climate deterioration.
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    Cruise Summary Report RRS DISCOVERY D276 (2003)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 6 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-24
    Description: 8 – 21 December 2003 Fortaleza / Brazil and Rio de Janeiro / Brazil The cruise was a German contribution to the CLIVAR programme. The intention was to build upon the data gathered during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. The spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water in the South Atlantic is seen as an integral limb of the global thermohaline circulation. During the last 30 years, there has been a marked rise in bottom water temperature which is thought to be significantly relevant for climate change. It was the purpose of the cruise to deploy two subsurface moorings at the entrance of the Vema Channel. They are designed to monitor physical property fluctuations during the coming 16 months.
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    SEA LION: Sea Ice in the Antarctic Linked with Ocean - Atmosphere Forcing (2001)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 207 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-31
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    Bacterial formation of struvite (1983)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Geomicrobiology Journal, 3 (2). pp. 151-163.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: We studied the formation of exocellular precipitates of struvite (Mg NH4PO4.6H2O) by 96 kinds of calcite‐pro‐ducing bacterial strains isolated from soil. We also studied the influence of calcium ions on struvite precipitation. The number of strains producing struvite was 20. Only four consistently formed large amounts. These results seem to indicate that the bacterial precipitation of struvite is not a general phenomenon. The strains studied were taxonomically identified, and no relationship was found between the production of struvite and the taxonomic identity of such strains. Calcium, supplied as Ca acetate in the culture medium, appeared to inhibit the biological precipitation of struvite.
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    Phytoplankton dynamics in the eastern Caribbean Sea as detected with space remote sensing (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25 (7-8). pp. 1449-1453.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-14
    Description: The Space Information Laboratory (SIL) of the Tropical Center for Earth and Space Studies of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagu¨ ez (UPRM) has been collecting and processing satellite data since December of 1996. Satellite imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Sea viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS) provides us with a new understanding of phytoplankton dynamics in the Caribbean region. SeaWiFS shows the intrusion of waters into the eastern Caribbean Sea from the Orinoco River during fall and from the Amazon River during spring–summer. Strong coastal upwelling in Venezuela produced by the trade winds during winter– spring is detected with the AVHRR. The satellite data suggest that these seasonal events may play an important role in phytoplankton fertilization of the eastern Caribbean Sea. SeaWiFS and hydrological data are also combined to evaluate the impact of hurricanes on phytoplankton distribution. The development of models for estimation of ocean primary productivity using SeaWiFS and AVHRR data is now in progress.
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  • 46
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    Defining Thresholds for Precautionary Habitat Management Actions in a Fisheries Context (2001)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 21 (1). pp. 1-9.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Description: The use of precautionary management actions within a fisheries context has generally been limited to reducing fishing mortality. By the use of quantitative models, overfishing thresholds can be determined and actions can be taken to reduce the probability of further population declines and to allow rebuilding. Within this context, four management approaches have been defined (i.e., preventive approach, corrective approach, precautionary approach, and precautionary principle) on the basis of levels of uncertainty in the information used to make decisions and the potential cost of errors as a result of those decisions. In this paper, I apply these approaches to developing a precautionary and adaptive habitat management framework. Fishing effort metrics are used to develop estimates of the area of seafloor impacted by fishing, and thresholds are proposed to trigger specific types of management actions. Information needs include the cumulative area impacted by all gears, the distribution of habitats and diversity of key taxa, effects of gears on habitat and patterns of diversity, and linkages between habitat and the dynamics of exploited populations. Incentives for the fishing industry that will improve the information available to make decisions and reduce the level of precaution required for managing exploitation of wild populations are discussed. This framework is a starting point for management agencies to develop precautionary and adaptive habitat management programs that promote both the sustainability of exploited populations and the maintenance of biological diversity.
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    Late Quaternary history of the accumulation plain North of the Chekanovsky Ridge (Lena Delta, Russia) : a multidisciplinary approach (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Polar Geography, 27 (4). pp. 277-319.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-23
    Description: Permafrost deposits were studied along the Olenyeksky and the Arinsky distributaries in the western Lena delta using a multidisciplinary approach that included sedimentological, mineralogical, stable-isotope, and paleoecological analyses in order to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape and environmental history of this Northeast.
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  • 48
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    Influence of marine allochthonous input on sandy beach communities (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 41 . pp. 115-159.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-11
    Description: This review provides an overview of the importance of beach accumulations of macrophytes and other organic beach-cast material on the ecology of sandy beach ecosystems. It describes the composition of these allochthonous subsidies, their abundance on beaches in relation to seasonal, lunar, tidal and spatial trends, their decomposition and utilisation by bacterial, meio- and macrofaunal communities. The paper then analyses the community structure and the species succession in both macrophyte wrack and carrion and reports the most important findings on individual wrack-inhabiting species (amphipods, isopods, dipterans). Other aspects, such as feeding and microclimatic preferences of certain species and their interactions in wracks, are also discussed. Links to vertebrate species and other secondary consumers that exploit beach-cast macrophytes and carrion as trophic resource are considered, and the importance of wrack in recycling nutrients to nearshore coastal ecosystems is stressed. The beneficial and detrimental effects of organic beach-cast material on both plants and animals of beach and nearshore communities and on the geomorphology of coastal beach-dune systems are pointed out. Another section is dedicated to human use of beach-cast macrophytes through harvesting of economically important species and of other stranded material through its exploitation for traditional reasons. The effects of harvesting on local faunal communities and on the stability of the dunes is discussed. A final section of the paper includes the positive and negative effects of man-made debris on sandy-beach ecosystems and briefly reviews the major findings.
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  • 49
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    The first record of the deep-water coralStenocyathns vermiformis(Pourtalès, 1868) (Scleractinia, Guyniidae) from Norwegian waters (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Sarsia, 85 (3). pp. 275-276.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-28
    Description: A single living specimen of Stenocyathus vermiformis was collected with a grab from the distal rubble zone of a Lophelia bank at 276 m depth on the Sula Ridge, Norwegian Shelf.
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  • 50
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    Is the Mussel Test a good Indicator of Antifouling Activity? A Comparison Between Laboratory and Field Assays (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biofouling, 19 (sup1). pp. 161-169.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-02
    Description: Current antifouling technologies rely on metal-based paints, but due to their toxicity, an expected worldwide ban of organotin-containing paints is now prompting the quest for safe and effective alternatives. One of these is antifouling coatings whose active components are naturally occurring compounds in marine organisms. A number of laboratory bioassays has been designed to search for antifouling compounds. However, there is no evidence to date that these assays provide results reproducible through ecologically realistic field experiments. Natural concentrations of the extracts from the Brazilian seaweeds Laurencia obtusa and Stypopodium zonale were tested in the laboratory through the 'mussel test' and in the field through the 'phytagel method' in order to compare the efficiency of these methods in assessing antifouling activity. L. obtusa extract significantly inhibited fouling in both the laboratory and field assays, while S. zonale stimulated fouling in both assays. Major compounds from the extracts were identified. The findings suggest that the 'mussel test' is a reliable time and cost-saving screening method for antifouling substances, although field assays are more sensitive for detection of their activity spectrum.
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    Space–time behaviour of the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone during the Benguela Niño of April 1999 (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25 (7-8). pp. 1337-1340.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-08
    Description: The hydrographic conditions in the south-east Atlantic were investigated during the cruise of R/V Poseidon in April 1999. The area of investigation covers the two major eastern boundary currents of the Southern Atlantic and its convergence in the Angola-Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ). Hydrographic measurements have been carried out in combination with current measurements and are supplemented with remote sensing data of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind stress. The Angola Current transported in its surface part less saline water from the great rivers in the north towards the ABFZ. At the same time, south of the front, strong coastal upwelling in the Benguela was observed. At the beginning of April 1999 the ABFZ was found at an unusual southern position. The rapid dynamic response of the ABFZ to wind forcing is discussed on the basis of satellite SST images combined with hydrographic measurements.
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    Regional Sea Ice Modeling (2001)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, pp. 119-140.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-21
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 53
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    Effects of remote and local atmospheric forcing on the circulation and upwelling in the Baltic Sea (2001)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Tellus A: Dynamic meteorology and oceanography, 54 (3). pp. 299-316.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Due to the ephemeral nature of the atmospheric conditions over the Baltic Sea, the flow field is highly variable, and thus, changes in the resulting circulation and upwelling are difficult to observe. However, three-dimensional models, forced by realistic atmospheric conditions and river runoff, have reached such a state of accuracy that the highly fluctuating current field and the associated evolution of the temperature and salinity field can be described. In this work, effects of remote and local atmospheric forcing on circulation and upwelling in the Baltic Sea are investigated. Changes in the characteristics of the large-scale atmospheric wind field over the central and eastern North Atlantic can be described by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The NAO is related to the strength and geographical position of weather systems as they cross the North Atlantic and thus has a direct impact on the climate in Europe. To relate the local wind field over the Baltic Sea to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, we defined a Baltic Sea Index (BSI), which is the difference of normalised sea level pressures between Oslo in Norway and Szczecin in Poland. The NAO is significantly related to the BSI. Furthermore, the BSI is highly correlated with the storage variation of the Baltic Sea and the volume exchange through the Danish Sounds. Based on three-dimensional model calculations, it is shown that different phases of the NAO during winter result in major changes of horizontal transports in the deep basins of the Baltic Sea and in upwelling along the coasts as well as in the interior of the basins. During NAO+ phases, strong Ekman currents are produced with increased up- and downwelling along the coasts and associated coastal jets, whereas during NAO− phases, Ekman drift and upwelling are strongly reduced, and the flow field can almost entirely be described by the barotropic stream function. The general nature of the mean circulation in the deep basins of the Baltic Sea, obtained from a 10-yr model run, can be described by the depth integrated vorticity balance derived from the transport equation for variable depth.
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    Messungen zum Widerstandsbeiwert von Verankerungskomponenten = Measurements of mooring component drag coefficients (1984)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 96 pp . Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 129 . DOI 10.3289/ifm_ber_129 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/ifm_ber_129〉.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-31
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 55
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    Do monospecific stands of three Fucus species (Phaeophyta) comply with the ‘self-thinning rule’? (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  European Journal of Phycology, 38 . pp. 171-180.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-12
    Description: Development of biomass and density in experimental monospecific stands of Fucus serratus, F. vesiculosus and F. spiralis was followed on Helgoland (southern North Sea) in plots with three different initial germling densities. As biomass increased over time, considerable mortality occurred. Mortality was significantly higher in stands with higher initial densities, leading to similar final densities. The self-thinning law, which describes boundary conditions for combinations of biomass and density of plants, was refuted in two ways for all three Fucus species: (i) several data points on a bi-logarithmic plane lay considerably above self-thinning lines with conventional parameters from terrestrial plant ecology; however, ‘overall boundaries’ (i.e. a self-thinning line that constrains all lines found) from terrestrial plant ecology were not significantly transgressed, (ii) lines fitted with principal components analysis (PCA) revealed a positive correlation between stand biomass and density. Reasons are proposed why seaweeds generally seem to show higher maximum biomass for a given density than terrestrial plants. Size distributions at the end of the experiment were positively skewed with high Gini coefficients that lay in the range found in other seaweed studies. Inequality decreased with individual mass and increased with density. Gini coefficients were highly correlated with other measurements of inequality (coefficient of variation, skewness).
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  • 56
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    Arctic climate change: observed and modelled temperature and sea-ice variability (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Tellus A: Dynamic meteorology and oceanography, 56 (4). pp. 328-341.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-14
    Description: Changes apparent in the arctic climate system in recent years require evaluation in a century-scale perspective in order to assess the Arctic's response to increasing anthropogenic greenhouse-gas forcing. Here, a new set of century- and multidecadal-scale observational data of surface air temperature (SAT) and sea ice is used in combination with ECHAM4 and HadCM3 coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean global model simulations in order to better determine and understand arctic climate variability. We show that two pronounced twentieth-century warming events, both amplified in the Arctic, were linked to sea-ice variability. SAT observations and model simulations indicate that the nature of the arctic warming in the last two decades is distinct from the early twentieth-century warm period. It is suggested strongly that the earlier warming was natural internal climate-system variability, whereas the recent SAT changes are a response to anthropogenic forcing. The area of arctic sea ice is furthermore observed to have decreased similar to8 x 10(5) km(2) (7.4%) in the past quarter century, with record-low summer ice coverage in September 2002. A set of model predictions is used to quantify changes in the ice cover through the twenty-first century, with greater reductions expected in summer than winter. In summer, a predominantly sea-ice-free Arctic is predicted for the end of this century.
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  • 57
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    Corrigendum: Arctic climate change: observed and modeled temperature and sea-ice variability (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Tellus A: Dynamic meteorology and oceanography, 56 (5). pp. 559-560.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-14
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  • 58
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    Spatial organization of schools of the SquidIllex illecebrosus (1984)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 10 (4). pp. 259-271.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Illex illecebrosus squid appear to have a species‐typical and internally organized spatial arrangement of their groups. Squid maintained an average angle of 25° with respect to their nearest neighbour, and mostly had angular deviations between 5° and 20°. They maintained distances to nearest, second and third neighbours in a ratio of 1:1.5:2. The distances were strongly affected by group size (4, 20, or 38), with larger groups maintaining closer distances. Interindividual distances were not affected by two variables, day‐night and presence of a current in the large pool in which they were kept. The similarity of this organization to that of fish schools is discussed.
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  • 59
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    Quantitative Assessment of Oceanic Squid by Means of Jigging Surveys (1983)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biological Oceanography, 2 (2-4). pp. 433-456.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-23
    Description: There are many kinds of squid and cuttlefish in the oceans of the world, and the stock sizes of some are presumed to be large. However, few attempts have been made to quantitatively assess standing stocks. In Japan, the commercial yield ranges from 400,000 to 900,000 metric tons annually, accounting for about 50 to 80% of the total cephalopod catch in the world. Jigging surveys have been conducted since 1971 in the Sea of Japan and since 1973 in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Their purpose has been to assess the abundance of oceanic squid. The stock size index (N) and the density index (F) for Todarodes pacificus, Ommastrephes bartrami, and Onychoteuthis borealijaponica were calculated for the Pacific from 1968 to 1979 and for the Sea of Japan from 1971 to 1979. N and F correspond reasonably well to periodic changes in the annual yield (Y) of T. pacificus in the Pacific and the Sea of Japan. Since Y is presumed to correspond well to abundance, the results of these surveys give rough estimates of T. pacificus abundance. Changes in N and F for O. bartrami and O. borealijaponica do not show good correspondence with Y, probably because the study area covers only a part of the range of the two species.
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  • 60
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    Growth of Todarodes sagittatus(Lamarck) (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae) from the northeast Atlantic, based on counts of statolith growth rings (1981)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Sarsia, 66 (1). pp. 53-57.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-28
    Description: Growth is described from size-at-age data. Size-at-age was determined from counts of daily growth rings on the statoliths of 65 individuals. A mean growth rate of 2 mm/day was calculated for a dorsal mantle length range of 15-52 cm. The month in which each individual hatched was back-calculated from the age data. A histogram of the frequency of hatching through the year is presented and shows peaks in May and October.
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  • 61
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    The influence of natural surface microtopographies on fouling (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biofouling, 20 (1). pp. 43-51.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-06
    Description: Multiple antifouling strategies of marine organisms may consist of combinations of physical, chemical and mechanical mechanisms. In this study, the role of surface microtopography (〈500 mum) of different marine organisms, such as Cancer pagurus , Mytilus edulis , Ophiura texturata and the eggcase of Scyliorhinus canicula , has been investigated as a possible component of their defence systems. High resolution resin replicates of these natural surface structures were exposed to natural fouling in field experiments. Abundances of recruits were determined and compared to those on untextured, but otherwise identical, control surfaces to quantify the influence of the different microtopographies on fouling rates. Antifouling effects of microtopographies varied with type of microtopography and coloniser species. The surface microtopography of C. pagurus significantly rejected macrofoulers. The surface structures of the eggcase and O. texturata had repellent effects on microfoulers. Barnacle settlement was temporarily reduced on surface microtopographies of M. edulis and the eggcase. These results emphasise the promising non-toxic antifouling properties of microtextured surfaces
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  • 62
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    Redfield Revisited: variability of C:N:P in marine microalgae and its biochemical basis (2002)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  European Journal of Phycology, 37 . pp. 1-17.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: A compilation of data on the elemental composition of marine phytoplankton from published studies was used to determine the range of C:N:P. The N:P ratio of algae and cyanobacteria is very plastic in nutrient-limited cells, ranging from 〈5 mol N:mol P when phosphate is available greatly in excess of nitrate or ammonium to 〈100 mol N:mol P when inorganic N is present greatly in excess of P. Under optimal nutrient-replete growth conditions, the cellular N:P ratio is somewhat more constrained, ranging from 5 to 19 mol N:mol P, with most observations below the Redfield ratio of 16. Limited data indicate that the critical N:P that marks the transition between N- and P-limitation of phytoplankton growth lies in the range 20–50 mol N:mol P, considerably in excess of the Redfield ratio. Biochemical composition can be used to constrain the critical N:P. Although the biochemical data do not preclude the critical N:P from being as high as 50, the typical biochemical composition of nutrient-replete algae and cyanobacteria suggests that the critical N:P is more likely to lie in the range between 15 and 30. Despite the observation that the overall average N:P composition of marine particulate matter closely approximates the Redfield ratio of 16, there are significant local variations with a range from 5 to 34. Consistent with the culture studies, lowest values of N:P are associated with nitrate- and phosphate-replete conditions. The highest values of N:P are observed in oligotrophic waters and are within the range of critical N:P observed in cultures, but are not so high as to necessarily invoke P-limitation. The C:N ratio is also plastic. The average C:N ratios of nutrientreplete phytoplankton cultures, oceanic particulate matter and inorganic N and C draw-down are slightly greater than the Redfield ratio of 6.6. Neither the analysis of laboratory C:N:P data nor a more theoretical approach based on the relative abundance of the major biochemical molecules in the phytoplankton can support the contention that the Redfield N:P reflects a physiological or biochemical constraint on the elemental composition of primary production.
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  • 63
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    Investigation of the atmospheric water budget of the BALTEX area using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Tellus A: Dynamic meteorology and oceanography, 55 . pp. 426-437.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-14
    Description: The Baltic Sea Experiment BALTEX is the European regional project of GEWEX. The aim of BALTEX is to improve the knowledge of the water and energy cycle of the Baltic Sea including its catchment area (the BALTEX area). In this study the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data (Kalnay et al. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 1996, 77, 437–471) are used to derive the mean atmospheric water budget over the BALTEX area. For this purpose the horizontal water vapour fluxes are calculated. In the long-term mean (here 1948 – 2000) the vertically integrated divergence of these fluxes must balance evaporation minus precipitation. The latter two are provided by the NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. The water budget over the BALTEX area is, however, not closed. An error estimation is performed. The divergence of the water vapour flux is corrected due to the mass balance correction technique (Alestalo, Tellus, 1981, 33, 360–371). Large differences are obtained between the precipitation given by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and by the analysis of the observations by Rubel and Hantel (Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 2001, 77, 155–166). With these analysed precipitation data and the corrected divergence of the water vapour fluxes the imbalance of the water vapour budget could be remarkably reduced.
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  • 64
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    Carbon cycle research after Kyoto (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Tellus B: Chemical and physical meteorology, 51 (2). pp. 562-571.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Description: Recent progress in research of the global carbon cycle is reviewed and research needs for the immediate future are discussed, in light of the challenge posed to society to come to grips with the problem of man-made climate change. The carbon cycle in the oceans and on the land is reviewed, and how the atmosphere functions to couple them together. Major uncertainties still exist for any projection of the future atmospheric burden of carbon dioxide resulting from postulated emission scenarios of CO2. We present some ideas on how future policies designed to limit emissions or to sequester carbon can possibly be supported by scientific evidence of their effectiveness.
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  • 65
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    Wind-, Temperatur- und Feuchteprofile über der Kieler Bucht im Zeitraum April bis Oktober 1977 (1980)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 077 (90). Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 73 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-24
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  • 66
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    Beobachtungen und erste Ergebnisse der "Meteor"-Reise 56 aus der Scotia-See und der Bransfield-Straße im November/Dezember 1980 (ANT I): ein nautischer und wissenschaftlicher Bericht (1981)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 080 . Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, pp. 1-120, 120 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
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  • 67
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    Current and temperature measurements in the North-East Atlantic during NEADS : a data report (1981)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 090 (90). Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 100 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
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  • 68
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    CTD measurements made from F.S. POSEIDON during JASIN nineteen hundred and seventy-eight : a data report (1982)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 097 (90). Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 180 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
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  • 69
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    Quantitative Sampling of Oceanic Cephalopods by Nets: Problems and Recommendations (1983)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biological Oceanography, 2 (2-4). pp. 357-377.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-02
    Description: Three large data sets on cephalopods are critically examined with respect to several sources of error: day-night avoidance, net size, mode of fishing, and patchiness. Catches are low and variable and results only suggest problems with present sampling techniques. Specific field sampling is suggested to quantify several of these sources of error. Volume filtered and time fished are compared as measures of "effort." Variability of volume filtered and net speed within a single tow are examined.
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  • 70
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    Stock assessment by larval surveys of the winter population of Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae), with a review of early works (1983)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biological Oceanography, 2 (2-3-4). pp. 401-431.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-30
    Description: This is a study of larval abundance and distributional pattern of the winter population of the Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, based on plankton net collections made by the R/V Soyo-Maru during January to March (1959–1976) in the seas extending from the south of Kyushu to the Pacific coast of central and eastern Honshu. The larval abundance index (LI) was compared with CPUE (catch per boat day), an index of recruitment of adult stock size. The main spawning ground of this population is located to the southwest of Kyushu. The larvae (rhynchoteuthion) grow while they are advected by the Kuroshio Current to the northeast. Hence early larvae are more abundant in the west, while advanced larvae are more abundant in the east. Mortality seems to be highest for stages up to several millimeters DML than for later stages. The stock size of the Pacific winter population has fluctuated greatly. It declined since the peak 1960 year class to very low levels. The decrease of the stock size took place in three phases. 1960–1963: While the stock size (CPUE) of the 1960 year class was large, the larval population (LI) produced by this year class was very low, resulting in a decrease of recruitment (CPUE) in following years. 1964–1969: The larval abundance for the 1964 year class was second highest (next to 1960) but the recruitment was remarkably low, probably because of unfavorable conditions for survival during the period between larval and advanced stages. This failure caused a further decrease of larval abundance for the 1965 and subsequent year classes. 1970–1976: The larval abundance remains at a very low level and CPUE has declined since 1970. Because of the short life-span (one year) of this squid, abrupt decreases of larval abundance and/or recruitment have a serious effect on stock size. The future recovery of the stock will depend on biotic and physical conditions that are favorable for the survival of early stages south of Kyushu. A significant positive correlation between catch per effort of adults and the abundance of larvae (LI) in the following year indicates that larval abundance can be used to assess the size of the spawning stock of the winter population of T. pacificas.
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  • 71
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    Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 18 (3). pp. 223-235.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-09
    Description: Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m−2 day−1. Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (∼4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ∼5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ∼50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.
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  • 72
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    A Review of the Methods and Problems of Quantitative Assessment of Loligo opalescens (1983)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biological Oceanography, 2 (2-3-4). pp. 379-399.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: An examination of the knowledge about sampling Loligo opalescens populations leads to two general conclusions regarding the assessment of their abundance. First, it is suggested that studies concentrate on spawning ground organisms, since they aggregate during spawning, are commercially fished at this time, and their numbers can be assessed using a combination of data from market catch, adult and egg case densities, acoustic sensing, and perhaps larval densities. Second, it is suggested that large-scale acoustic surveys coupled with large midwater trawling activities be used to qualitatively assess adult organisms off the spawning grounds.
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  • 73
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    The age of the Drake Passage (1980)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 4 (4). pp. 289-297.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-08
    Description: The distribution of benthic foraminifera in Miocene deposits of the continental margin of southeastern South America is compared with that in the Recent. The comparison indicates that Miocene zoogeographic boundaries were located in higher latitudes than at present, suggesting that the climate at that time was warmer than now. In the Pliocene, temperatures were lower than at present. This signifies that a considerable decrease in water temperature took place in the latest Miocene or at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary in the southwestern Atlantic. The main reason for this drop in temperature was the opening of the Drake Passage and the establishment of the Circumpolar Antarctic Current and a branch — the Malvin Current. The opening resulted from strong orogenic movements, in the latest Miocene, which created the main part of the Andes. Prior to the opening of the passage, the anticyclonic (counterclockwise) gyre of surface currents in the South Atlantic was much larger and warm Brazilian waters reached higher latitudes. The Austral Strait, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, may have existed from the Cretaceous in the southern part of South America, but its location and character did not permit the establishment of the true Circumpolar Antarctic Current. The Austral Strait was closed simultaneously with the opening of the Drake Passage.
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  • 74
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    Assessment of Impact on Seafloor Features in INDEX Area (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 18 (3). pp. 237-250.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-09
    Description: Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in pre-disturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions.
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  • 75
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    The GATE Lagrangian Batfish experiment : Summary report (1981)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 088 (90). Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 170 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
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  • 76
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    Die Variabilität der Phytoplanktonschichtung in driftenden Wasserkörpern : Untersuchungen aus dem Skagerrak, Kattegat und Bornholm-Becken im März 1979 (1982)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 098 (90). Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 132 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
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  • 77
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    Net precipitation over the Baltic Sea for one year using several methods (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Tellus A: Dynamic meteorology and oceanography, 55 . pp. 352-367.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Precipitation and evaporation over the Baltic Sea are calculated for a one-year period from September 1998 to August 1999 by four different tools, the two atmospheric regional models HIRLAM and REMO, the oceanographic model PROBE-Baltic in combination with the SMHI (1 × 1)° database and Interpolated Fields, based essentially on ship measurements. The investigated period is slightly warmer and wetter than the climatological mean. Correlation coefficients of the differently calculated latent heat fluxes vary between 0.81 (HIRLAM and REMO) and 0.56 (SMHI/PROBE-Baltic and Interpolated Fields), while the correlation coefficients between model fluxes and measured fluxes range from 0.61 and 0.78. Deviations of simulated and interpolated monthly precipitation over the Baltic Sea are less than ±5 mm in the southern Baltic and up to 20 mm near the Finnish coast for the one-year period. The methods simulate the annual cycle of precipitation and evaporation of the Baltic Proper in a similar manner with a broad maximum of net precipitation in spring and early summer and a minimum in late summer. The annual averages of net precipitation of the Baltic Proper range from 57 mm (REMO) to 262 mm (HIRLAM) and for the Baltic Sea from 96 mm (SMHI/PROBE-Baltic) to 209 mm (HIRLAM). This range is considered to give the uncertainty of present-day determination of the net precipitation over the Baltic Sea.
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  • 78
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    Der Zustand der Fischbestände in der Schlei und die Entwicklung der Fischerei im Zeitraum 1962-1981 (1981)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 091 . Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 89 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 79
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    Evaluation of biological activity of Turkish plants. Rapid screening for the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential by TLC bioautographic methods (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Pharmaceutical Biology, 42 (4-5). pp. 374-383.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-03
    Description: Using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography, a total of 58 extracts from various organs (aerial parts, leaves, flowers, fruits, roots) of 16 Turkish plants were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, and radical scavenging activities. The hexane, CHCl3/CH2Cl2, water, and total MeOH extracts were used. No activity was observed against two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa) and the yeast Candida albicans. However, 23 plant extracts, mostly the CHCl3/CH2Cl2 and H2O-solubles, inhibited the growth of all five Gram-positive bacteria tested, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Of the active extracts, the CHCl3-soluble of the roots of Putoria calabrica (L. fil) DC (Rubiaceae) displayed the highest antibacterial potential. The majority of the CHCl3/CH2Cl2 crude extracts also appeared to inhibit acetylcholinesterase on TLC plates at 100 µg/spot concentration. Particularly active samples were the middle polarity extracts (CHCl3/CH2Cl2) of the leaves of Rhododendron smirnovii Trautv., R. ponticum L., and R. ungernii Trautv. (Ericaceae). β-Carotene, β-carotene/linoleic acid mixture, and 2,2-diphenyl-l-pieryhydrazyl (DPPH) solutions sprayed onto TLC plates were used for detecting antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of the crude extracts. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were found to be predominant in highly polar extracts. The water-solubles of all Rhododendron (Ericaceae) and Phlomis (Lamiaceae) species presented the most significant activity.
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  • 80
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    Untersuchung bodennaher Temperatur- und Windfelder im Übergangsbereich Land-See am Beispiel der Kieler Bucht (1981)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 93 pp . Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 092 . DOI 10.3289/IFM_BER_92 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/IFM_BER_92〉.
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-25
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 81
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    Fucus vesiculosus als Schwermetall-Bioakkumulator: der Einfluss von Temperatur, Salzgehalt und Metallkombination auf die Inkorporationsleistung (1981)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 54 pp . Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 093 . DOI 10.3289/IFM_BER_93 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/IFM_BER_93〉.
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-25
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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    The warmwatersphere of the Northeast Atlantic : a miscellany (1984)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 128 . Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 39 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-31
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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    Verhalten der Freifallprofilsonde FPS = Response of the free-fall profiler FPS (1984)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 68 pp . Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 135 . DOI 10.3289/ifm_ber_135 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/ifm_ber_135〉.
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-22
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 84
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    Annual cycle of sedimentation in relation to plankton ecology in western Kiel Bight (1980)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Ophelia, Suppl. 1 . pp. 65-76.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: The annual cycle of sedimentation in Kiel Bight is described from data collected over 3 years with multisample sediment traps. Settling matter was collected from 2 depths (15 and 18 m) in a 20 m water column at 2-4 day intervals. The pattern of sedimentation was alike each year, although considerable differences in the quantity collected were present. Resuspended sediment and primary settling matter originating from the pelagic system (phytoplankton cells, detritus) were the main contributors to the particulate material collected by the traps. High sedimentation rates from November to March were due to resuspended sediment. The composition of this material differed from that of bulk surface sediment due to the selective effect of water movement during resuspension. Peaks in sedimentation of primary material were observed in spring and autumn when the pelagic food web is poorly developed. From May to August sedimentation rates were low although this is the period of high primary production with large standing stocks of plankton. Apparently, organic substance produced here is consumed within the pelagic food web, as herbivore and carnivore populations are well developed and turnover time of particles is short. Sedimentation rates of primary material are estimated to be in the range of 50-65 g C · m-2 · yr-', but in reality year to year differences are probably greater than indicated by this range.
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  • 85
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    Oxygen depletion 1980 - 1983 in coastal waters of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 130 . Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 87 pp.
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    Publication Date: 2018-04-09
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 86
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    Gemeinschaftsstrukturen, Abundanz, Biomasse und Produktion des Makrozoobenthos sandiger Böden der Kieler Bucht in 5-15m Wassertiefe = Community-structures, abundance, biomass and production of macrozoobenthos inhabiting sandy bottoms of Kiel Bay in 5-15m waterdepth (1984)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 123 . Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 124 pp.
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    Publication Date: 2013-11-19
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 87
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    Chemical defenses against diatom fouling in Antarctic marine sponges (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biofouling, 16 (1). pp. 29-45.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Description: Antarctic sponges are commonly fouled by diatoms, sometimes so heavily as to occlude pores employed in filter feeding and respiration. This fouling becomes heavier during the annual summer microalgal bloom. Polar and non‐polar extracts of eight species of marine sponges from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica were assayed for cytotoxicity against sympatric fouling diatoms. To identify compounds potentially released by sponges as defenses against diatom biofouling, only fractions of crude extracts that were soluble in seawater or 2% methanol in seawater were assayed. Significant bioactivity was present in seven of the eight species. Both Mycale acerata and Homaxinella balfourensis displayed moderate levels of defense against diatoms even though they are not or are only weakly chemically defended against bacteria and predators. Calyx acuarius extracts, which do have antipredator and antibacterial effects, had no effect on diatoms except at levels many fold higher than present in the intact animal. These results strongly suggest some level of specificity for chemical defenses against diatom fouling in antarctic sponges.
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  • 88
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    Feeding and growth of the isopod Idotea baltica on the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus: Roles of inter-population and within-plant variation in plant quality (2002)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Écoscience, 9 (3). pp. 332-338.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-16
    Description: We investigated the effects of local nutrient enrichment, among-population variation in quality, and within-plant variation in quality on growth, development, and food consumption (total amount of food ingested) of the marine isopod Idotea baltica when fed Fucus vesiculosus. We found that the proximity of fish farms increased carbon/nitrogen ratio, but did not change the concentration of phlorotannins in the F. vesiculosus thallus. Algal diets taken from sites close to or far from fish farms did not affect the growth, development, or total amount of food ingested of I. baltica. Therefore, eutrophication may not necessarily decrease the level of plant resistance. We found that different F. vesiculosus beds vary in quality and led to differences in total amount of food ingested and production efficiency of I. baltica. The variation in quality of F. vesiculosus in different locations may generate variance in grazing pressure between the belts. Idotea baltica was most sensitive to within-plant variation, as the isopods grew more and had higher production efficiency on apical than basal parts of F. vesiculosus. Idotea baltica did not compensate for the lower quality of basal parts by increasing consumption. This may indicate that the low quality of the basal thallus is related to higher levels of secondary metabolites and not to lower levels of soluble sugars or nitrogen that might have encouraged compensatory consumption. Our results suggest that within-plant variation in the quality of the F. vesiculosus is more important for herbivores than possible environmental variation caused by eutrophication.
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    The a, b, c s of oceanographic lidar predictions: a significant step toward closing the loop between theory and experiment (2002)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Journal of Modern Optics, 49 (3-4). pp. 439-451.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-01
    Description: Small-angle phase functions (0.05° 〈 θ 〈 20°) have been measured for turbid samples that were then used in a Monte-Carlo theoretical light-scattering model. The measured phase function yields excellent agreement between model predictions and long-path tank measurements.
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    Selection in Europe: Context, developments and research agenda (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12 (3). pp. 257-287.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-17
    Description: The aim of this article is to give a contextual description of personnel selection in Europe, and to highlight some typical features and recent trends in practice and research. We begin with describing the socio-economic environment in which European personnel selection is embedded. Next, we take a closer look at the institutional settings in which personnel selection takes place and its underlying principles. Consequently we review and discuss recent empirical evidence on selection practices and methods, and interpret observed characteristics in terms of contextual differences. Looking at recent changes in the European organizational environment, we note that selection practices exhibit a certain degree of conservatism, and that selection research and theory are slow in addressing new issues. The lack of responsiveness to the changing context is attributed to a continued adherence to the "right man in the right place" paradigm. As an alternative paradigm we propose the "theatre model" of selection, which seems more suitable to tune personnel selection to current contextual demands. Finally, we present a view of the future agenda for European selection research.
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  • 91
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    Effect of Inoculating Flower Stalks and Vegetable Waste with Ligno-cellulolytic Microorganisms on the Composting Process (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B- Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 39 (5-6). pp. 871-887.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: A lab-scale composting experiment was carried out using vegetable and flower stalks waste to study the effectiveness of ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms (LCMs) obtained from the previous isolation on composting process, especially on enhancement of biodegradation rate of these organic materials. The addition of LCMs to compost showed promised to be a valuable asset by rendering timely benefits in efficiency, maturity, and quality of the composting. This was evidenced by a significant increase of temperature, O2 consumption and CO2 emission, and population density of LCMs in compost mass compared with that of biotic (addition of culture of horse feces) and abiotic (1% molasses amendment) treatments, as well as control trial. The phytotoxicity assay showed that the substrate became mature after 60 days’ composting. The LCMs inoculation enhanced the biodegradation of the composting materials as evidenced by an increasing screening ratio (1.2 cm sieve pore) of 34.5% in the treated trail, compared with that of control, which elucidated that big advantage of adding selected inoculants over other treatment, and screening ratio is a reasonable index to compare the quality of different compost. However, the inoculation seemed to have no significant effect on the moisture content, pH, and the final organic carbon of the composting materials.
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  • 92
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    A Laboratory Exercise on Determining Dinosaur Speeds Using Dimensional Analysis (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Journal of Geoscience Education, 48 (3). pp. 342-361.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Measurements from a dinosaur trackway are used to estimate how fast the dinosaur track makers were moving. The exercise, which is appropriate for any introductory earth-science course at the secondary-school or college level, introduces students to dimensional analysis by having them construct an empirical graph of dimensionless stride length versus dimensionless velocity. The students then estimate the dimensionless stride length from the trackway data and use the dimensionless graph to determine the speeds of the dinosaurs. Experience with the exercise indicates that even students with little quantitative background are motivated by the challenge of determining whether they could outrun the dinosaurs and often begin to appreciate the power of dimensional analysis, a concept not usually presented in introductory courses.
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    A cephalopod fishery GIS for the Northeast Atlantic: development and application (2001)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 15 (8). pp. 763-784.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Cephalopod stocks are of increasing economic importance. Cephalopod fisheries show marked inter-annual fluctuations unrelated to fishery landings and effort. Their population dynamics, particularly recruitment, are thought to be strongly susceptible to changes in environmental conditions. This arises in part from the short life cycle, resulting in poor buffering of the population against changing conditions. These characteristics make traditional approaches to stock assessment and fishery management inappropriate. GIS offers a tool to improve understanding of spatio-temporal trends in abundance and facilitate rational management. A cephalopod fishery geographical information system for Northeast Atlantic waters (CFGIS-NEA) was developed. The system covers the area from 28.0° W to 11.0° E, and 34.5° N to 65.5° N. It was designed for investigating cephalopod resource dynamics in relation to environmental variation. It is based on Unix Arc/Info, and PC ArcView, combined with the statistical software package S-PLUS and supported by a database in Microsoft Access. Environmental data (e.g. sea surface temperature and salinity, sea bottom temperature and salinity, and bathymetric data), cephalopod fishery, survey and biological data, from a variety of sources, were integrated in the GIS as coverages, grids, shapefiles, and tables. Special functions were developed for data integration, data conversion, query, visualisation, analysis and management. User-friendly interfaces were developed allowing relatively inexperienced users to operate the system. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of cephalopod abundance by species, the spatial and temporal relationships between cephalopod abundance and environmental factors, and the spatial and temporal patterns of cephalopod fishing activity were analysed using a combination of visual (qualitative) and quantitative methods. Predictive empirical models, such as GAMs (generalized additive models), were developed for modelling cephalopod abundance using environmental variables.
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    West-Arctic and East-Arctic distributional ranges of cephalopods (2001)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Sarsia, 86 (1). pp. 1-11.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: All seven known resident Arctic cephalopods were identified in the collections of the German RV Polarstern (1991, 1993, 1995, 1998) in the waters around Svalbard, northwards from the Kara Sea, in the Laptev and western East Siberian seas: sepia lids Rossia palpebrosa (depths 96–362 m) and R. moelleri (67–101, specimens identified with question mark also at the depths of 38 and 292 m), benthic octopuses Bathypolypus arcticus (180–362 m), Benthoctopus piscatorum (1580–2000 m), and Benthoctopus sibiricus (30m, a juvenile identified with question mark), cirrate octopod Cirroteuthis muelleri (3012–3310 m), and gonatid squid Gonatus fabricii (juveniles: in midwater, 300–500 m, in fish stomachs, 946–990 m). The latter two species are definitely circumpolar and panpolar (inhabiting the whole Polar Basin). The known ranges of R. pulpebrosa, R. moelleri, and B. arcticus are extended from the eastern coasts of Severnaya Zemlya and Vilkitsky Strait to western East Siberian Sea (R. palpebrosa: 150°E) or eastern Laptev Sea (R. moelleri: 130°E, B. arcticus: 135°E), the range of B. piscatorum is extended from West Spitsbergen Island to 91°E. Although gaps still exist in the known distributions of R. palpebrosa. R. moelleri and B. arcticus (these species are considered as West-Arctic or Atlanta-West-Arctic) between the eastern boundaries of their ranges in the Asian Arctic and western boundaries in the Canadian Arctic, there are little doubt that they are in fact circumpolar and widely eurybathic in the western sector of the Arctic but in the eastern sector distributed only at depths 〉 100–200 m (except R. moelleri: to 67 m). B. piscatorum is known at yet in western Arctic only and may be not circumpolar. Benthoctopus sibiricus is the East-Arctic (definitely not circumpolar) shallow-water benthic octopus having relations with the octopods of northwestern Pacific.
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  • 95
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    Enrichment for Giant Pacific Octopuses: happy as a clam? (2001)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 4 (2). pp. 157-168.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: What is environmental enrichment? During the last several decades, zoos and aquariums have come to realize (perhaps belatedly) that animals kept in captivity need environmental enrichment for their well-being (Seidensticher & Forthman, 1998). Early zoos and aquariums tried to show as many animals as possible; hence, their exhibits were frequently small and bare to permit easy viewing, cleaning, and sterilization. Now, all have come to realize that captive animals need environmental enrichment for their health and for the education and increased expectations of visitors to zoos and aquariums.
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    First records of egg masses of Nototodarus gouldi McCoy, 1888 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae), with comments on egg‐mass susceptibility to damage by fisheries trawl (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 31 (2). pp. 161-166.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-01
    Description: The egg mass and embryos of the ommastrephid squid Nototodarus gouldi McCoy, 1888 are reported for the first time, their identity confirmed by mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence determination. The egg mass is a free‐floating gelatinous sphere of at least 1.5 m diameter and contains an estimated several thousand randomly distributed eggs; similar egg masses recorded from north‐eastern New Zealand waters of 1.0–2.0 m diameter are reported. Observed fluctuations in populations for this and other squid species may be a partial result of trawl damage to the egg masses.
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    The Dolomite Problem Revisited1 (2000)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Geology Review, 42 (6). pp. 481-490.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-03
    Description: A reassessment of the abundance of dolomite in carbonate sediments has confirmed that carbonates deposited during the past 150 Ma contain, on average, less dolomite than Proterozoic and Paleozoic carbonates. The lower dolomite content of the more recent carbonate sediments results from the increase in the deposition of CaCO3 in deep-sea sediments, and to the difficulty of dolomitizing deep-sea CaCO3 by reaction with cold, unevaporated seawater. The decrease in the rate of dolomite formation during the past 150 Ma has led to an increase in the output of oceanic Mg+2 by the reaction of seawater with clay minerals and with ocean-floor basalts. The increase in the output of marine Mg+2 into these reservoirs has been brought about by an increase in the Mg+2 concentration of seawater. During the past 40 Ma, the concentration of Mg+2 in seawater has probably increased by ∼18 mmol/kg, and probably has been accompanied by an equimolar increase in the concentration of SO4−2.
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  • 98
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    An adjoint method for the assimilation of statistical characteristics into eddy-resolving ocean models (2002)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Tellus A: Dynamic meteorology and oceanography, 54 . pp. 406-425.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-14
    Description: The study investigates perspectives of the parameter estimation problem with the adjoint method in eddy-resolving models. Sensitivity to initial conditions resulting from the chaotic nature of this type of model limits the direct application of the adjoint method by predictability. Prolonging the period of assimilation is accompanied by the appearance of an increasing number of secondary minima of the cost function that prevents the convergence of this method. In the framework of the Lorenz model it is shown that averaged quantities are suitable for describing invariant properties, and that secondary minima are for this type of data transformed into stochastic deviations. An adjoint method suitable for the assimilation of statistical characteristics of data and applicable on time scales beyond the predictability limit is presented. The approach assumes a greater predictability for averaged quantities. The adjoint to a prognostic model for statistical moments is employed for calculating cost function gradients that ignore the fine structure resulting from secondary minima. Coarse resolution versions of eddy-resolving models are used for this purpose. Identical twin experiments are performed with a quasigeostrophic model to evaluate the performance and limitations of this approach in improving models by estimating parameters. The wind stress curl is estimated from a simulated mean stream function. A very simple parameterization scheme for the assimilation of second-order moments is shown to permit the estimation of gradients that perform efficiently in minimizing cost functions.
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    Activity, distribution, and diversity of sulfate reducers and other bacteria in sediments above gas hydrate (Cascadia Margin, Oregon) (2003)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Geomicrobiology Journal, 20 . pp. 269-294.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Cold seep environments such as sediments above outcropping hydrate at Hydrate Ridge (Cascadia margin off Oregon) are characterized by methane venting, high sulfide fluxes caused by the anaerobic oxidation of methane, and the presence of chemosynthetic communities. Recent investigations showed that another characteristic feature of cold seeps is the occurrence of methanotrophic archaea, which can be identified by specific biomarker lipids and 16S rDNA analysis. This investigation deals with the diversity and distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria, some of which are directly involved in the anaerobic oxidation of methane as syntrophic partners of the methanotrophic archaea. The composition and activity of the microbial communities at methane vented and nonvented sediments are compared by quantitative methods including total cell counts, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), bacterial production, enzyme activity, and sulfate reduction rates. Bacteria involved in the degradation of particulate organic carbon (POC) are as active and diverse as at other productive margin sites of similar water depths. The availability of methane supports a two orders of magnitude higher microbial biomass (up to 9.6 2 10 10 cells cm m 3 ) and sulfate reduction rates (up to 8 w mol cm m 3 d m 1 ) in hydrate-bearing sediments, as well as a high bacterial diversity, especially in the group of i -proteobacteria including members of the branches Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus , Desulforhopalus , Desulfobulbus , and Desulfocapsa . Most of the diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in hydrate-bearing sediments comprises seep-endemic clades, which share only low similarities with previously cultured bacteria.
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    Environmental and fisheries influences on fish stock recruitment in the Baltic Sea (2002)
    Institut für Meereskunde Kiel
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 612 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-24
    Description: (FAIR CT 98 3959) STOck REcruitment in the Baltic
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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