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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (64,215)
  • Emerald  (30,860)
  • 2000-2004  (43,253)
  • 1995-1999  (33,290)
  • 1950-1954  (7,778)
  • 1935-1939  (10,754)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 3 (1995), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses the profile of a learning organization as described bySenge. Describes the current organizational status of Brooksby College,Leicestershire, UK, in relation to a college-devised quality assuranceprogramme (QAP). Then applies the results of this research to Senge'sprofile of a learning organization to show that Brooksby College has theattributes, and means, of becoming a learning organization. Furthershows that the vehicle for this development is the QAP.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 13 (2004), S. 477-487 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the effects of resource dependency and contract exclusivity on the attitudes and intentions of consumers in brand alliances. Findings indicate that attitudes of the brands before the alliance (pre-attitudes) have a positive effect on the attitude toward the alliance, which has a positive effect on perceived quality of the alliance, willingness to pay a premium price and purchase intention. Further, attitudes toward the brands after the alliance (post-attitudes) reveal a positive spillover effect for both the host and ally brands. Interestingly, the moderating effects of dependency and exclusivity differ based on whether the brand serves as the host or the ally brand in the alliance. Analyses conducted after controlling for the effects of familiarity of the ally brands revealed consistent results.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 13 (2004), S. 488-497 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Building brand loyalty has become more important, yet more difficult to achieve in today's marketplace. This research investigates a possible avenue for building brand loyalty that is not directly related to the marketing of the product - attracting individual investors in the brand's corporate parent. A survey of over 500 individual investors revealed that individual investors do tend to buy brands from companies in which they hold stock, and investors may buy stock in a company because they have experience with the brand. In contrast with brand loyalty, where consumers will not buy competitive offerings, individual investors indicated they would buy competitive offerings, suggesting that stock ownership is more likely to lead to repeat purchase behavior, but not brand loyalty.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 13 (2004), S. 498-505 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The study examines the effects of e-mail marketing on brand loyalty and also reveals the kinds of e-mail content valued by consumers. Data were gathered from 890 consumers, who were users of a multinational cosmetics brand and had received regular permission-based e-mail messages from the marketer. Results reveal that regular e-mail marketing has positive effects on brand loyalty. E-mail-activated consumers visited retail stores. Consumers exposed to e-mail marketing recommended the brand to their friends. Loyal customers appreciated regular communication and various other information content from the brand more than mere offers. These results encourage marketers to keep in frequent contact with customers via e-mail with the aim of enhancing brand loyalty.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 13 (2004), S. 506-513 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A novel method for evaluating the benefits of a potential brand association is presented. The uniqueness of the method is considering brand association as just another product attribute, subject to the usual analysis used to determine the attributes desired by consumers in a new product. The method was illustrated using automobile tires as the product, and designation of the tire as the "Official" tire of NASCAR as the brand association. A set of tire profiles was created, describing hypothetical tires as combinations of levels of five attributes. Subjects ranked these profiles for preference, and this preference was decomposed through conjoint analysis to yield part-worths for each attribute level for each subject. Association with NASCAR had an average impact of 14.8 percent on consumer preference, comparable with that of speed rating (13.8 percent), and not much below that of brand (20.5 percent). Rudimentary market simulation suggested that associating the underdog tire brand with NASCAR would result in dramatically improved market share. Evaluating potential brand associations by their simulated effects on market share may be a useful managerial tool.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 13 (2004), S. 514-524 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although it has been proposed that recall processes play a role in the retail sales effects of 9-ending pricing, substantial effects of price endings on the level of recalled prices has not been demonstrated. With an improved testing procedure, it is found that the level of a set of prices with low ending digits (such as 1 or 2 in the dollars place) is more likely to be overestimated in recall than the level of equivalent sets of prices with high ending digits (such as 6, 7, or 9 in the dollars place). The results of the study support the role of left-to-right processing of price information and point out some consequences for retailers of the use of low numbers in price-ending digits.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Training for quality 5 (1997), S. 178-181 
    ISSN: 0968-4875
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews the process of ISO 9000 registration for the construction industry, with insight from the author's rich experience in helping construction firms to register for this international standard. Addresses the questions: the first-meeting, the courting process, the relationship and a life-time together. Concludes that the paper challenges the fundamentals of the need for ISO 9000 for the UK construction industry.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 5 (1996), S. 48-59 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Undertakes a comparative analysis of the evolution and development of own branding strategies in UK and French grocery markets. Primary research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with senior managers of French grocery companies to determine the nature of their own branding strategies and to draw out comparisons with the strategies of their UK counterparts. Results indicate that it is unlikely that French retailers will develop store brands on the scale of Sainsbury's, Tesco, Marks & Spencer and Safeway in the UK. The organizational structure of French grocery business is less conducive to centralized buying and distribution, and conflict between manufacturers and distributors has led to a less efficient supply chain than in the UK. These factors, coupled with a highly competitive price-driven market environment, have resulted in most French retailers using own brands as a defensive strategy to combat strong national brands. The exceptions are companies which are well represented in the high street (Monoprix, Casino and Prisunic) and Carrefour, the only hypermarket operator which has ventured down the route of the UK multiples with a more value-added, differentiation approach.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 6 (1997), S. 64-77 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Brand managers face many challenges (including questions of brand strength, world-class culture, "glocal" branding, seeded marketing channels, "service smart" integration, brand architecture and brand organizing). A framework is presented for thinking about the challenges and how to deal with them. This process, called "brand chartering", has three principal elements: creating and communicating the brand, managing the brand organization, and directing and structuring the brand. Illustrates how this framework is of help in management practice and shows how it can be used as a stool for organizational learning.
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  • 10
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    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 6 (1997), S. 109-118 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Corporate reputation is formed by the firm's various publics on the basis of information and experience. Different publics consider different informational cues. Focusses on the cues considered by customers of a beverage firm. Uses focus groups and a survey among consumers to develop an instrument to measure corporate reputation. The instrument can be used to track the evolution of the corporate reputation of a firm over time. Discusses other implications in terms of the role of the "halo" effect on corporate reputation and indicates directions for future research.
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  • 11
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    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 6 (1997), S. 93-108 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Branding has traditionally been viewed as an essential tool for marketers to establish an identity for their products. Even products among the commodity range make use of branding to establish a position for themselves in the market. Unbranded or "generic" products, therefore, tend to go against this branding principle. These products, which are usually sold at a price which is lower than their branded equivalents, are most often found in the area of low-involvement grocery items. Previous studies of consumer perceptions of generic products tend to be broad in their scope by looking at generic products as a product category, rather than seeking consumer views on individual generic products. This paper identifies the characteristics of generic purchasers, and their broad perceptions of generic products as a group; and, the research extends previous work in the area by comparing a range of individual generic products to each other in terms of their value, quality and packaging. In addition, the research identifies how much importance consumers attach to value, quality and packaging when buying these individual products - in generic form or otherwise. A mail survey of 1,000 New Zealanders revealed that, in contrast to previous studies, generic consumers tend to be older and on a lower household income. In general, consumers do not believe that generics are substandard products. However, when looking at individual generic products, the less standardized generic products are not performing as well as others when it comes to consumers' perceptions and demands. Proposes that if generic products are to have a recognizable future, it may be necessary to embark on a program which enhances consumer perception of the quality and value of the less standardized generic products.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 6 (1997), S. 119-129 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Outlines a new approach for managing brands that brings the process into line with recent advances in the management of flatter, customer-facing organizations. Argues that the traditional marketing and brand-building approach, characterized by a narrow, product-focussed selling proposition, no longer adds sufficient customer value. As a result, a gap has arisen between the value offered by the brand and the value expected by its customers. The factors which contribute to this value gap are discussed in the context of the changing customer and the changing organization where customer value is increasingly generated by business processes traditionally outside the remit of brand management. Introduces a management tool, the Unique Organization Proposition (UOP) to bridge this value gap by integrating the company's core business processes into a visible set of credentials that adds customer value through the supply chain. Identifies and discusses the ways in which the UOP links with each of five core business processes. In conclusion argues that if marketers are to regain their role in the heart of the value-adding process, they must lead in the management of the UOP and relegate their traditional brand engineering tools to an appropriate place in the overall UOP architecture.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 6 (1997), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The globalization of fashion brands has occurred as major fashion designer houses have expanded their product ranges and diversified into middle-market diffusion lines. Central London has been the target for some of this development activity in the 1990s. Charts the growth of designer outlets in the UK capital with particular attention to foreign companies and their market-entry strategies.
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  • 14
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    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 276-297 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The nature of competition between different tiers (e.g. high-tier vs low-tier brands) has become an important research domain for academic researchers and marketing managers. Although research on inter-tier competition is growing at an increasing rate, there has not been a comprehensive attempt to summarize the research in this stream. The objective of this article is to synthesize the research on inter-tier competition, extract the key findings, discuss managerial implications, and offer future research directions.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 304-320 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Products that have a short selling season face high uncertainty in demand. Retailers who sell such products therefore find the task of pricing and inventory challenging. Many retailers consider making these decisions as an art form and do not use quantitative models that are developed by researchers. Describes how retailers typically make pricing and inventory decisions and also reviews quantitative models that have been developed by researchers to improve on one or more of these decisions. A classification of these models is developed and how they can assist the retailer is explained. A simple explanation of two mathematical tools, Bayesian updating of information and dynamic programming, which are commonly mentioned in the literature are also given.
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 350-370 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the research reported here was to test empirically a conceptualization of brand associations that consists of three dimensions: brand image, brand attitude and perceived quality. A better understanding of brand associations is needed to facilitate further theoretical development and practical measurement of the construct. Three studies were conducted to: test a protocol for developing product category specific measures of brand image; investigate the dimensionality of the brand associations construct; and explore whether the degree of dimensionality of brand associations varies depending upon a brand's familiarity. Findings confirm the efficacy of the brand image protocol and indicate that brand associations differ across brands and product categories. The latter finding supports the conclusion that brand associations for different products should be measured using different items. As predicted, dimensionality of brand associations was found to be influenced by brand familiarity.
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 389-414 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Brand managers in packaged goods firms are under pressure to increase or maintain high sales promotion spending at the expense of media advertising. This study investigates the antecedents and outcomes of brand managers' advertising and sales promotion budget allocations by adopting a bounded rationality perspective. Based on survey data collected from 165 brand managers in the USA, higher advertising (vs sales promotion) allocations are associated with: single, relatively high priced brands in the early phases of the product life cycle; and more experienced brand managers who are subject to less retail influence. Also, brands with higher budget allocations to advertising, relative to sales promotion, tend to have more favorable consumer attitudes, stronger brand equity, and higher market share increases and profits. Managerial implications and areas for future study are discussed.
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 446-456 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Previous research studies on generic products focus mainly on mature markets such as the USA. These studies measure consumer perceptions of all generic products as a whole, with respect to price and quality. With the passing of the NAFTA, retailers' interest in the relatively young Mexican market has increased. The purpose of this study is to determine Mexican consumers' overall perceptions of generic grocery products, to examine if there are any differences in perception across demographic groups and to determine if there are differences in the perception of generic products across product categories. Two variables were examined: risk perception of generic products and satisfaction with generic products.
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  • 19
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    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 472-484 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Companies have become increasingly active in developing relationships between their brands and popular causes in such areas as the environment (e.g. nature conservancy) and health issues (e.g. breast cancer awareness crusade). As such alliances become a more important strategic component of the brand's marketing mix, managers seek direction as to how to generate the most impact with these tie-ins. This article uses associative learning principles as a framework for understanding how to facilitate building connections between brands and causes so as to increase the value of this highly visible marketing activity. Specific associative learning principles are detailed and applied, improving the use of cause-related marketing alliances.
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  • 20
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 14 (1997), S. 120-127 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The help desk and user support industry has, over the last ten years, risen to prominence as one of the most important areas of the IT and customer services industry. However, it has also become clear that not all help desks have the same requirements, and help desks operating in academic environments find themselves with distinct circumstances and problems. Drawing on research published by the author, and a comprehensive review of recent literature and input from practitioners, addresses these issues which distinguish the help desk in academia. Also finds that it often suffers from difficulty in defining its role and obtaining resources, examines how some institutions have successfully tackled these problems and offers some suggestions for strategies, future developments and sources of expert advice.
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  • 21
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 16-21 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The World Wide Web is the most significant advance in mass dissemination of information since the invention of the printing press. Because electronic information is largely display independent, it is accessible to persons with disabilities who have the use of a computer with adaptive technology. Unfortunately, some Web design erects new, needless barriers to the use of this medium. This article outlines some of the problems, describes international activities aimed to transcend these problems and also suggests some simple, immediate solutions.
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  • 22
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 27-28 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reports that the use of new technology in English composition courses is making it easier to teach and to learn how to write, according to instructors and students at the University of Oregon. A new computerized writing classroom and extensive training of instructors in use of the classroom, plus electronic mail and the Internet, are having positive results. About 35 instructors and 750 students benefited from use of the new instructional methods and technology in 1996, according to Ann Alskaya, director of the university's new Center for the Teaching of Writing. Eventually, the changes will affect all 4,000 freshman students who take English Composition at the UO. Later, the center will train faculty members outside the English department who want to incorporate technology and writing into their courses.
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  • 23
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: It is important to understand the organizational structures and decision making processes in the university and their relationship to the CWIS. This article describes, reviews and summarizes March and Cohens' theories on the university as a structured anarchy. It also raises a list of questions that CWISs struggle with regularly which may be best answered by this theory. A second part of the article describes the companion theory of garbage can decision making proposed by March, Cohen and Olsen. Besides proposing the decision making model, March and Cohen even offer tactics to use in a structured anarchy that can enhance chances of success. Although CWIS problems seem dominated by management of technical questions, the authors feel that the ability to understand the organizational model of an institution and to manage the decision making process may be equally important to success as technical expertise is.
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  • 24
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a Web-based service set up for authors and teachers at the library, Wake Forest University. It involves a Web site which facilitates copyright permission requests, thus encouraging the seeking of permission and freeing up library staff time which had previously been spent helping individual patrons through the process.
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  • 25
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 66-67 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summarizes a teaching strategy developed by three University of Wisconsin-Green Bay faculty members which employs e-mail and the World Wide Web to bring interactivity to large-section, introductory lecture classes.
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  • 26
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 91-102 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper focuses on a multi-year effort to change the organizational culture of a very traditional IS unit into one that is "learning organization" and "client service" oriented. It describes the steps taken in the first two years within the context of John Kotter's "eight-stage process of creating major change". The paper sets forth the intent of each phase and the practical steps that have been taken to bring about the desired change. It approaches the process from the perspective of the CIO (the initiator of the process) with a practical appraisal of its success to date from the viewpoint of a long-time university staff member.
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  • 27
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Without reliable electronic records, colleges and universities will be unable to manage and defend themselves - they will lose their memories and be at significant risk. The authors explain the problems associated with the continuing reliability of electronic systems, and define the difference between an "information system" and a "record-keeping system". Collaborative partnerships among information technology staff, archivists, records managers, auditors, lawyers, and others at each campus, and also among professional organizations, are proposed to address these needs.
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  • 28
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 128-130 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes steps that can be taken by all members of the campus community to prevent software piracy. Details the application of copyright law for works of software, then goes on to advocate the development and implementation of a software policy and software audits.
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  • 29
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 122-127 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Regardless of how they are budgeted, information technology (IT) costs must be paid. Most schools offer some computing services at no cost to the individual or unit and some that are charged back to users and units. Typically, common good services are centrally funded, and services that differentially benefit specific individuals or units are charged for. How services are funded often reflects a school's philosophy about IT and about finances. Preferably, IT funding mechanisms deliberately help shape and influence an institution's IT and services philosophy, as opposed to an IT or service philosophy being unintentionally shaped by fiscal policies that follow no particular strategy. Levying fees to users on an individual or departmental basis may yield a different demand and expectation of IT services than when costs are borne by a central budget. Quantity and quality, degree of centralization, and administrative complexity of services are major variables in determining funding. Also at stake is the degree to which an institution wishes to endorse, suppress, control or expand IT services. These issues are specifically illustrated through a case study of the formulation of a new budget and cost accounting model to both finance an institution-wide network upgrade and to maintain that network.
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  • 30
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Administrators and funding agencies are legitimately asking whether our huge investment in information technology is improving higher education. Two surveys conducted at The College of Wooster gathered students' impressions of the impact of e-mail discussion groups and Web pages on their classes, and they show that overall students do see these technologies as beneficial. Other studies are also summarized. But what is the right question? Is it the technology that matters, or is the benefit in how it is used?
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  • 31
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multi-campus/large scale distance learning initiatives increase the complexity of issues, and affect the impact of various quality factors that must be considered in the design and implementation of programs. The impact and interactions of distance education quality factors differs when designing large-scale versus smaller-scale distances learning programs. This article will look at the various quality considerations within a large-scale model, and will look at how decisions were made to ensure quality in the design of the California Virtual University (CVU).
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  • 32
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 158-163 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes work at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA, in developing information across the curriculum. Similar to writing competency programs, this approach will require students to take a number of information-intensive courses and necessitate a close partnership between librarians and teaching faculty in establishing requirements, integrating information skills into the curriculum, and evaluating outcomes.
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  • 33
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 142-147 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The introduction of sophisticated information technology to higher education is now forcing faculty and administrators to reexamine the traditional allocations of ownership interests in course materials. This article has been prepared to alert educators and administrators in higher educational institutions to the issues surrounding ownership of electronic course materials. In particular, the article focuses on the allocation of copyright ownership in electronic course materials as between faculty and their sponsoring institutions. While copyright laws vary somewhat from country to country, basic ownership issues will be common to nearly all copyright regimes. Drawing on US copyright law as an example, the article briefly reviews relevant copyright basics, the work made for hire doctrine, and options for contractual allocations of copyright. The article concludes by laying out a series of criteria that should be considered in formulating an institution's intellectual property policy.
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  • 34
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    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 164-173 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The authors describe the preparation and execution of a statistics and a fine arts course, each of which was offered in parallel to an on-campus classroom group and an online Internet group. The authors address the pedagogical, administrative, and political issues that must be resolved before one can legitimately offer a course of study to an Internet audience that the instructor will never physically see. Pedagogical issues are paramount if the goal is to achieve best teaching practice. In addition, there are numerous administrative hurdles to resolve where admission officers, registrars, and governing boards are working from a traditional mindset where rules and guidelines are based on local geography and physical presence. Further, political issues quickly present themselves, including time issues, faculty-colleague and administrator perceptions of "legitimate teaching activity", and valuations of the course.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 12-16 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Co-ordinated by their scholarly association, textile/apparel faculty from multiple universities have succeeded in establishing a World Wide Web server dedicated to providing information from across their disciplines to enhance instruction. The process of server establishment and Web-site creation including funding, determination of information for posting, problems encountered, and future plans are reviewed. Other faculty could use this as a guide in establishing servers and Web sites for their own disciplines.
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    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 183-186 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the Web sweeping through every aspect of campus services, how do you quickly deliver complex services without reinventing the wheel each time? The ability to quickly create support processes allows development staff to be more productive, and provides better service to clients. The use of collaborative development methodologies have been shown to be effective in the delivery of high customer satisfaction, fast prototyping of new services, and rapid deployment of operational processes. Discusses the aspects and benefits of rapidly developing and implementing Web-based services with limited resources, and our success with tools that support collaborative development.
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    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 174-182 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes the experience of a globally distributed organization, as simulated across three MBA programs. The students, located in each of three countries, worked collaboratively in teams to create a common project, using technology as a means of communication. Observations were made of local team interaction, as well as the intergroup exchange that came about from merging the local teams into a larger global team. The project revealed some weaknesses in technology as a communication tool, as compared to face-to-face interaction. Nevertheless, the findings support traditional group theories - theories developed through observation of face-to-face groups. The existence of mutual accountability and evaluation, superordinate goals, and the tone of the initial group meeting were found to be key for successful task completion and group satisfaction. Building a team in a virtual setting was found to be more difficult than in a face-to-face environment, but not impossible. Team-building factors that might be implied in a local arrangement, had to be made explicit in the virtual setting, as opportunities did not exist for clarifying intentions outside of the meeting place. Additional experience in using the technology as a means of communication should reinforce this need for clarity, as managers become accustomed to fewer opportunities for communicating implications.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 17-23 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An original computer-based tool, dubbed CyberInteractor, is described. CyberInteractor is designed to facilitate immediate student feedback to an instructor and to other students in a classroom setting or via the World Wide Web. Feedback is saved in a database for educational research purposes. Students view a question that can include pictures, diagrams, a movie or sound clip, random numbers, and calculations involving the random numbers. After responding, they receive feedback showing how other students in the same class have responded. Newsgroups enable students to explain their reasoning. Instructors can give pre-tests and post-tests, and collect the answers and student discussions in files that can be analyzed later, thus facilitating the collection and processing of data from large numbers of students.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 27-29 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes results of efforts to find institutional models for preventing computer-related repetitive strain injury.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 24-26 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multiple choice homework, including feedback on each incorrect answer, is administered over the Web using an in-house program. The large enrollments in lower division courses hinder the use of homework without the aid of a computer for grading, recording, and reporting. The current system permits faculty to create assignments using only a word processor, which allows the facile inclusion of symbols, pictures, and other non-textual information. This is particularly important in science classes, where such material is a major part of any assignment. The system includes security measures, and reports scores back to instructors in a form which can be easily included into a spreadsheet.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 30-38 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The identification of variables related to faculty publishing productivity is essential in promoting campus information and work environments that foster creativity. This study explores personal and institutional factors, especially the emerging role of the campus telecommunications environment, that support faculty productivity.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 39-43 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: While the research literature is full of glowing reports of amazing success stories, this article enlightens the troops in the trenches with a disaster the author encountered in 1997 trying to implement distance learning of two classes in technology. Though we all want to hear success stories, many times we learn more from failure. This personal narrative explores what went wrong and what can be learned from the mistakes of others in the field
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 57-62 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the need for a security firewall. Describes the different firewall technologies and models available for deploying security firewalls. Describes the set of specifications chosen to implement the security firewall at the Tata Energy Research Institute and the approach taken to implement these specifications. Also describes the resources on security mailing lists, including Web sites available on the Internet.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 63-69 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a feedback system for distant students including the tools and documents to provide feedback on frequent fixed response assignments and on projects or essay response assignments. A distance feedback system depends upon carefully planned, written assignments; specified evaluation criteria; and technology. It includes documentation, progress tracking, standardized responses based upon the specified evaluation criteria, and multiple assessments during the course. The proposed feedback system accommodates technological limitations yet provides useful feedback to facilitate distant student learning. The system could be adapted to benefit students enrolled in traditional instruction. A description of the feedback system components follows a brief introduction to instructional feedback and feedback levels and functions.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 70-76 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University strategic planning for information systems and management was investigated for four Indonesian higher educational institutions. A combination of the case study approach and a survey of a small sample of academic staff who have used the systems, was undertaken. Staff perceptions of the service from information systems are described, and related to their perceptions of planning for these systems. A number of evaluations of specific information sources and delivery are given in detail. Policy document analysis showed little information systems planning as part of the university strategic planning. Some observations are made about the influence of strategic information system planning upon successful use of a university's information systems.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 81-95 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University students often enter physical laboratory sessions with minimal knowledge of the experiments to be conducted and little or no understanding of the underlying concepts that govern the investigations. As a result, lab time is used inefficiently; motivated students lose interest and routine procedures are followed with minimal learning. The authors have developed a set of multimedia modules meant to enhance, not replace, the technical laboratory experience. The modules are akin to well-conceived laboratory manuals applying multimedia tools, such as digital images and video clips, to better prepare the students for upcoming laboratory sessions. The modules are accessible through the Internet and include mechanisms for exchanging information.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 89-95 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: As an instructional medium, the World Wide Web offers a multitude of options for educators. This paper highlights the design, implementation and use of the WWW to provide and evaluate library instruction including: a curriculum- integrated tutorial for learning online resources, critical thinking and other information literacy skills; "Ask a librarian" e-mail reference service; a multi-user object-oriented environment (MOO) for real-time course-integrated instruction and synchronous reference service.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 104-111 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the steps necessary to design an effective online course. Four essential steps are identified and considered: defining course objectives, providing access to information resources, developing and implementing effective learning strategies, and providing timely, context-specific feedback and motivational support to students. The aim of effective online course design is to produce a network learning environment in which students are able to construct progressively more adequate models of a targeted knowledge domain and acquire competence in using them in real-life situations. In order to accomplish this aim, technology must be used wisely, in pedagogically sound ways, within the context of a supportive institutional infrastructure, and in a manner that avoids some common obstacles to effective online learning.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 125-130 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: For many educational institutions the World Wide Web has become a major avenue of communication with its constituencies. Students, potential students, faculty, staff, people at other institutions and the general public are all directing their questions to the e-mail address www@institution.edu The personnel that receive this mail are often ill-prepared for the quantity and variety of questions that arrive. This paper examines the evolution of this problem over the first four years of UC Davis' use of the Web, and presents some of the strategies that have proven useful for managing this onslaught.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 95-104 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Virtual reality (VR) is a new computational paradigm that redefines the interface between human and computer. VR may result in a significant improvement over traditional instruction because it is not only an interactive multimedia tool but also a learning environment that is extremely close to reality. Yet there have been few empirical studies on the use of VR compared to that of other computerized or non-computerized educational tools. Examines VR both in different scenarios and for different applications in learning and teaching. The evaluation plan reported here addresses one aspect of such an assessment specifically ± the effect of VR support compared to that of video support in tenth graders' learning of world geography. One world geography course (N = 36) selected for this experiment was composed of five units. A rotation treatment was used, each group using VR for two units and videos for two units; in addition, one unit was optional for every student. Three procedures were used for data collection and analysis: to determine the effect of VR support, competency tests were administered; to determine student attitudinal responses toward VR, students were required to complete a survey and be interviewed; and to determine the tendency of returning to VR, students were given the option of attending the VR lab. This investigation was limited in several respects (e.g. data from a sample of students in a single class may not be representative of the population).
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 131-136 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the effect that campus-based systems have on institutional culture. Strategic planning and decisions regarding information technology (IT), one of the few things that touches every member and unit on campus, needs to consider how IT changes the very culture of the institution. Major changes impact not only those directly involved in its development and use, but non-users as well.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 140-143 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Today, foreign language teaching can find important resources in technology, the Internet, etc.; but how the teaching of foreign literature, or literature in general, might benefit from technology remains a more open question. The project "Writing La Fontaine" seeks to complement the traditional practice of literary imitation with technology that facilitates writing and peer-editing. The project allows for detailed study of the literary text and may provide a possible model for the use of technology in the teaching of literature.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 157-161 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes the development of a Web-based reference collection for an academic community. Includes such topics as collection development policies, tailoring the site to a specific audience, staff motivation, and site design. Discusses successes, failures and modifications during the first two years of the project.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 136-139 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper focuses on the development of an Internet-based distance learning model for teaching the introductory finance course in the Finance Department at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU), America's newest institution of higher education which opened in August 1997. An important component of the mission of FGCU is the incorporation of technology and the needs of the regional community into curriculum design. The department felt it was important to develop a separate Internet-based course as an alternative to the traditional in-class introductory finance course. In this Internet-based course students are required to participate in a "boot camp" for the first few weeks, which covers only the most complex aspects of the course. After this initial period, the course is completely Web-based in design. The Web page for this course, located at http://www.tmag.com/sgarrison/courses/fin3240d/index.html, contains a variety of pedagogical materials to help students learn and comprehend course content.
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    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 175-178 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how a core group of faculty built the Lucid Chemistry Web Site over four years and how students in large first and second year chemistry courses have started to use it (slowly at first, and now to near 100 percent participation in some classes). The facility has been developed for use by key administrative units (Testing and Evaluation, Computer Services). Now coming to the Lucid Chemistry Web Site are roughly one-half of the chemistry department instructors and tenure-track faculty. Asks whether the task of teaching needs more "builders". Argues that more administrative involvement is needed with material creation and distribution. Will more users come? Yes, 100 percent participation by both teachers and students is a possibility. Mechanisms for achieving this goal are explored.
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article profiles the technology-rich environment at Elsik High School in the Alief Intermediate School District on the west side of Houston. The district's $16 million commitment to technology by 2001 is explored. The instructional benefits are featured by departments with a basic outline as to what students are doing in a strong instructional program that is technology-based. Implementation ideas by departments are demonstrated from the art department to the sciences and social studies. After departments are highlighted, the technology available to the administrators, teachers, and staff is showcased. Online technologies, video distribution, and video conferencing are discussed. All of the technological tools and implementation of these tools into and across the curriculum demonstrate Elsik High School's commitment to integrate technology into each and every classroom to better prepare students for the new millenium.
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 161-166 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Fachhochschule JOANNEUM (FH JOANNEUM), a university of applied science, founded the Centre for Multimedia and Learning (CML) in 1998, in order to provide support for lecturers in implementing computer-supported learning strategies within their classes. Now, after two years of work and different approaches applied, the CML has developed a strategy which promises a sustainable development for the highly diversified courses offered at the university. Within this article, evaluation results of three different approaches are described and the future strategy of a bottom-up approach is outlined. Based on the results, an in-house training program for the teaching staff has been developed.
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    Campus-wide information systems 18 (2001), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Neural network topology selection refers to a systematic procedure for selecting between competing models. Naturally, it is regarded as a key aspect in optimisation and replicability of neural network performance. When constructing neural network topologies, it is necessary to determine from the outset the general taxonomy of the neural network architectures to be constructed. The taxonomy considered in this study is the general taxonomy of time-varying patterns which subsumes many existing architectures in the literature and points to several promising neural network architectures that have yet to be examined. The context of the problem is that choosing the right neural network topology for use in a particular domain such as corporate bankruptcy prediction with optimum generalisation performance is not, in any case, a trivial problem. The results of experiments presented in this paper would serve as a baseline against which to select between two competing architectures.
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    Campus-wide information systems 18 (2001), S. 28-42 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes several problems with the current Internet technologies and the way they are currently utilized in education and proposes an innovative solution. First, the paper discusses an activity matrix that maps learning activities involved in business education along two dimensions: level of monitoring and level of interaction. The paper then proposes a unifying framework that utilizes emerging Internet technologies to support these learning activities. The framework goes beyond a simple piece of software at the client level to provide a complete solution with the student client, the instructor client and the server level software. Furthermore, the paper describes the architecture, features and specific technologies used in an actual education support system developed from the framework.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 374-381 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Multiskilling refers to a labour utilization strategy in which workers learn multiple skills in one or more trades outside of their primary trade. Over 700 non-union craft workers across the USA were surveyed as part of a research effort. The data collected show that a slight increase in the breadth of skills positively impacts a worker's hourly wage, but only a weak relationship was found between multiskilling and more continuous employment.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 354-367 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Requirements management (RM), as practised in the aerospace and defence sectors, attracts interest from construction researchers in response to longstanding problems of project definition. Doubts are expressed whether RM offers a new discipline for construction practitioners or whether it repeats previous exhortations to adopt a more disciplined way of working. Whilst systems engineering has an established track record of addressing complex technical problems, its extension to socially complex problems has been challenged. The dominant storyline of RM is one of procedural rationality and RM is commonly presented as a means of controlling dilettante behaviour. Interviews with RM practitioners suggest a considerable gulf between the dominant storyline in the literature and how practitioners operate in practice. The paper challenges construction researchers interested in RM to reflect more upon the theoretical debates that underpin current equivalent practices in construction and the disparity between espoused and enacted practice.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 391-401 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This article discusses how information technology and human resource oriented management tools can be integrated using their respective strengths to enable knowledge production. Two companies' KM strategies encompassing a strong IT-component in combination with organisation, training and office design are analysed. Their experience shows that joining information technology with the human resource oriented tools is a necessary precondition for success in KM-efforts. Second, in the large company, there is still a relative overemphasis on "circumstantial" frames for knowledge production and too little focus on dynamics in knowledge producing processes. In contrast, the medium sized company is experimenting with soft tools used directly in the processes of the customer-oriented projects.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 382-390 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In recent years, many organisations responsible for economic infrastructure have developed asset management systems to improve the financial and service performance of their facilities. Asset management is an integrated approach to improving the ability of an irrigation system to deliver water at a defined level of service in the most cost-effective manner. This paper describes how the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to identify priorities for asset renewals in the La Khe irrigation scheme in North Vietnam. The AHP methodology was coupled with the expected maximum utility (EMU) to evaluate renewal priorities of assets grouped by types and by location within the hydraulic system.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 402-412 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: There is a general sentiment against the idea of marketing among architectural professionals. This paper argues for the necessity of a marketing approach particularly in times where the workload is declining. This paper looks at the marketing strategies that the Western Cape architects follow. It examines their efforts in building a successful marketing portfolio that defines marketing targets, utilizes proper marketing tools, and carry on helpful image building tasks. The data were collected using a mailed questionnaire to all principals of architectural offices in the Western Cape Province. The concluding section relates these strategies with the perception of growth over a five-year period.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 413-417 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper describes the application of rough set theory to equipment productivity estimate. Rough set theory offers a novel approach both in generation of rules and statistical classification of the equipment productivity data. The approach is based on upper and lower approximations of a set in terms of positive, negative and boundary regions. The information about the equipment productivity is organized in productivity information table. The table contains data about the object of interest characterized in terms of some attributes. The paper is more of an exploratory research to determine how rough set theory can be applicable to specific construction engineering problems.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Value management (VM) was introduced in China during 1978, when the reform and open door policy started. After a surge of VM applications that emerged in the late 1980s, the development of VM has declined sharply in the recent years in China. Although some successful applications of VM in China's construction industry have been observed, many actions should be taken to exert its full potential to improve value for money for clients. Aims to draw a holistic picture of the current VM practices and provide recommendations for its future development in China's construction industry. Provides a comparison between China's VM approach and the international mainstream to highlight the major differences.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 418-431 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Procuring best value should be one of the key objectives in public sector construction projects. Best value depends upon sound "selection" strategies which ensure that the outlined project procurement objectives, including client/user demands are met. Examples of "best value" procurement are presented to demonstrate their usefulness and acceptance in principle. Further conceptualizations of various aspects of best value and the "dominance vectors" influencing the ultimate value definitions are developed, in accordance with basic public sector procurement principles. Presents a structured best value based contractor selection framework to optimize realizable value in public sector construction projects.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 20-32 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper presents the algorithm of construction work graphic schedule which considers the proper sequencing problem. Describes the algorithm step by step, i.e. the construction work organisation methods with zero couplings between realisation means, work fronts, and their combination. It also shows the calculation process of limit possible minimum by considering technical and organisation limits. In the second part of the paper, the practical example which shows the method and the optimisation algorithm for the work organisation method with zero couplings between realisation means is presented.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 33-44 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The past 20 years have seen a period of fundamental change for many construction businesses as they have restructured, downsized, de-layered, merged and de-merged to survive turbulent markets and rapidly changing demand cycles. Such change places significant new pressures, challenges and constraints on the employer/employee relationship. This paper argues that these changes are likely to have reconstituted employee expectations of the less formal aspects of the employment relationship, known collectively as the psychological contract. Explores this inductive research which examines the psychological contract of 30 construction project managers.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Cooperation is generally purported to be vital to construction project success. However, there has been, as yet, no empirical work done to quantify explicitly the extent to which cooperation, in relation to other factors, determines construction project success. This study attempts to fill this research gap. This paper details a grounded empirical approach to identify important construction success factors using data from 29 interviews, 398 quantitative response and six follow-up interviews from construction firms in Hong??Kong. Results show how using the grounded approach enables the tapping of unique determinants of project success previously not identified in the literature and point to a potentially fruitful approach for future research in construction management.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: With an increasingly competitive global market, the UK construction industry finally realised that in order to survive, a marked increase in efficiency and effectiveness have to be achieved in all areas. This paper will describe the UK's approach to planning and designing the concrete operations that form a major part of many civil engineering construction projects. A productivity study has been carried out on three different construction projects and over 200 concrete pours have been observed. The data and knowledge collected on site have been subjected to lean construction philosophies, producing a "lean" measure of productivity, and it has been shown that major productivity increases could be achieved by implementing several relatively simple principles.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 65-73 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: One of the primary motives behind any strategic corporate decision is to maximise shareholder value. Strategic decisions for UK construction firms are made with the objective of maximising the wealth of the company's shareholders. This paper investigates the financial performance of UK construction companies, which have been involved in construction related mergers and acquisitions and examines the impact of merger announcements on acquiring firms' and target firms' stock performance in the UK construction industry. It also examines abnormal share returns throughout a period surrounding the announcement of both successful and unsuccessful acquisition and merger bids. The overall results indicate that related construction mergers create wealth for shareholders of the target firms.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 83-89 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper describes the integration of various models to provide a realistic decision support system for linear project site layout. Initially, the paper describes an investigation to determine the actual methods currently used by project managers and planners. A review of both techniques adopted by the managers and the knowledge acquisition methods employed are included in the paper. Following this, this paper describes the work done to automate the existing systems. This resulted in a system which has been used in practice and has been shown to be a great help to managers. It is based on the traditional method of mass-haul diagrams used to determine the earthworks activities. A separate simulation and artificial intelligence model of earthworks are described. This will be extended to model linear projects more realistically than does mass-haul.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 90-100 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The subject of Conflict-Analysis and Resolution has received considerable attention in construction management. Providing measurement to tangibles and intangibles issues, involved in a conflict is not attempted often. The quantification of the perception of gains and losses for the parties involved in a conflict helps to analyze the issues scientifically, in a more logical manner. This paper presents the application of a decision-making methodology, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), to conflict management. The objective of this paper is analyzing and resolving conflict aided by the quantification of gains and losses using the AHP. This methodology was applied to a real conflict situation between two government agencies in Kuwait.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 101-112 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper describes the application of heuristic techniques for designing gravity wastewater collection systems. Designing sewer networks can be a time-consuming task that is largely based on trial and error where suitable pipe diameters and slopes combinations for all pipelines between manholes must be identified. Since there is a large range of possible slopes, diameters and roughness coefficients of pipes, only a small number of combinations of these parameters are usually analyzed in traditional design processes. Identifying a minimum cost design is an important issue when constructing sewer networks. In this paper, genetic algorithms and tabu search techniques are implemented to solve this difficult optimization problem. An adaptive rule and a dynamic search strategy were developed to assist the search procedures find better solutions.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 126-132 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The construction of residential projects constitutes a major portion of the building activities in the State of Kuwait. This paper presents the findings of a research project, which aims to determine the causes of delays and cost-overruns in the construction of housing projects in Kuwait. The owners of 450 residential projects (just completed or near completion), spread over 27 systematic-randomly selected metropolitan districts, were personally interviewed. Data on owners' socio-demographic traits and project characteristics, including those involving time and cost overruns, were obtained. The paper highlights the impacts of construction materials on time-delays and cost-increases. Project-related variables affecting the on-time delivery of materials to the construction site are examined and quantified. The material selection-time, type of materials, their availability in the local market and the presence of a supervising engineer, all demonstrated a statistically significant impact on the on-time delivery of materials to construction sites.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 133-142 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Diverse construction project stakeholders demand "fully-informed" and well-balanced decisions that target multiple objectives appropriately. This paper introduces initiatives into the development of a cluster of information and communication technology-artificial intelligence supported empowerment systems and sub-systems. Examples presented include conceptual models and/or descriptions of: the framework of an over-arching management support system (MSS); multi-agent support for improved collaborative working in: design development and relationally integrated supply chain management; and web-based quality management.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 113-125 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The single project paradigm which dominates the literature of both project and construction management research does not accurately reflect the reality of many construction clients, who have large ongoing construction portfolios rather than one-off construction projects. Although several concepts of multi-project environments (MPEs) exist, an investigation of the form and dynamic interactions of components within MPEs of construction clients was lacking. This paper presents the factors identified as exerting greatest influence on project delivery within construction clients' MPEs.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 150-158 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Consultant pre-selection is an essential process to distinguish capable candidates before they are invited to submit their technical and fee proposals for consultancy assignments. Despite that, many clients have their own criteria and emphasis, and this could result in discrepancies in pre-selection decisions. The aim of this paper is to devise a more objective framework for evaluating consultants' general capabilities during the pre-selection process. The paper begins by identifying the commonly used criteria for pre-selecting engineering consultants. In order to examine the importance of consultant pre-selection criteria (CPC), a questionnaire survey has been conducted with clients who are responsible for pre-selecting their consultants; and consultants being pre-selected by the clients. The findings reveal that the perception of the client and consultant groups on the importance of CPC was very consistent. Finally, a multi-criteria model for evaluating consultants' general capabilities during the pre-selection is proposed. Based on each candidate score, clients can determine which engineering consultants should be invited to bid for a consultancy assignment.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 159-175 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Consultant commissions in two envelope fee bidding are awarded on the basis of fee and quality (i.e. technical score). Consultants' fees and technical score are combined using a pre-designated formulation and predetermined weightings to form a total score. Procurers seem to be having difficulties with existing formulations in controlling the extent to which two envelope fee competitions are dominated by fees. This is because, in most cases, fees vary more than technical scores and the predetermined weightings applied are not sufficient to correct the variability imbalance. The analysis in this paper shows that in fee dominant competitions lower fee-lower technical scoring consultants are more likely to be successful in winning commissions. The analysis shows that this can be corrected by balancing fees and technical score. Although procurers are likely to pay higher fees when balancing fees and technical scores they normally benefit from getting higher technical scoring consultants.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 176-188 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A new conceptual model for corporate strategy in the construction industry is presented that is derived from two principal inputs. First, the fundamental components of the model are based upon observations drawn from an empirical study of 24 international firms competing in global engineering and construction markets. Second, the accumulated intellect of different strategic theories developed over four decades of strategic management research helps to fortify the model with theoretical propositions and establish linkages among the model's basic components. The proposed model is comprised of seven strategic fields, two organizational mechanisms and a boundary notion that divides a firm's internal setting from its external environment. The model's development leads to two central propositions: strategic fields and organizational mechanisms should function as variables to react with external dynamics, and the interaction of these variables consequently promotes higher order differentiation factors that will enhance the strategic outlook of a firm.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 189-198 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Total quality management (TQM) is widely recognised as an enabler for performance improvement in the construction industry. This paper presents empirical findings from eight contracting organisations that have adopted TQM practices in response to competitive and environmental pressures. Using the NIES "How To" model developed by the Australian Government's National Industry Extension Scheme, the paper describes pragmatic considerations. Case study findings reveal that when implementing TQM, contractors must align their organisational culture with the objectives of their TQM program.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 199-210 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Downtime (DT) caused by non-availability of equipment and equipment breakdown has non-trivial impact on the performance of construction projects. Earlier research has often addressed this fact, but it has rarely explained the causes and consequences of DT - especially in the context of developing countries. This paper presents a DT model to address this issue. Using this model, the generic factors and processes related to DT are identified, and the impact of DT is quantified. By applying the model framework to nine road projects in Nepal, the impact of DT is explored in terms of its duration and cost. The research findings highlight how various factors and processes interact with each other to create DT, and mitigate or exacerbate its impact on project performance. It is suggested that construction companies need to adopt proactive equipment management and maintenance programs to minimize the impact of DT.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 211-222 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A scheduling method for determining the critical path in linear projects is presented, that takes into account maximum time and distance constraints in addition to the commonly used minimum time and distance constraints. The maximum constraints, though often present in the specifications of a project, are not considered during the planning procedure, since no method existed to enable scheduling with them. The proposed method builds on the concept of the maximum constraints and expands on the necessary background for their implementation into the schedule. The introduced critical path algorithm allows for grouping linear activities into four categories regarding their critical status and their ability to influence project duration. The method is applied to a low-pressure pipeline construction project and the results are presented.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 230-237 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Action learning is intended to enable a group of professionals (a SET) to tackle work problems, develop solutions and reflect upon the success and failure of their actions. As part of the UK construction industry's drive to improve learning and performance, four SETs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were established. This paper evaluates the capacity of action learning to promote innovation and use of technologies within a CIOB-funded SET located in Watford. Construction companies were unable to address real problems related to their day-to-day activities due to competition. Instead, they identified an industry-wide issue - a lack of quality recruits - and marshalled resources to provide better careers advice and promote opportunities for builders. The role of action learning in empowering construction SMEs to contribute to industry change programmes is explored.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 238-247 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper assesses the awareness and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) systems within the Turkish construction industry. The findings will assist in identifying the future directions and priorities for how to use ICT as an enabler in this country. The research has been carried out via 22 semi-structured interviews with senior construction professionals within government and private organizations. It investigated the usage and applicability of current information systems and technologies. The interviews then explored the appropriateness of some of the newly emerging technologies to the industry in Turkey. The findings are reported under three categories of: ICT infrastructures and strategies, the use of information systems, and views on emerging technologies. The last item has been expanded and discussed in more detail, in the paper.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 248-258 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Confining the development of the project brief to a certain stage hinders the interaction between the client and the designer. In addition, it inhibits the incorporation of the influential internal and external factors that may affect the project. In spite of the frequently adverse impact of change orders on project cost, time and quality, literature review and case studies showed that client organisations continue to use change orders to achieve their expectations and enhance their projects' performance principally because current construction management process instills an expectation that, change after a specified point is somehow outside the project brief rather than part of the ongoing development of that brief. This paper introduces the concept of dynamic brief development (DBD), a process that facilitates client satisfaction, meets the need to adapt to the brief developing factors for the benefit of the project and fulfils the desire to manage project change orders. In this paper, the need, aims and principles of the concept of DBD are explained and the factors driving brief development are identified. In addition, the rationale behind each factor is given and the case study sampling method is described.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 259-274 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Rework represents the unnecessary effort of redoing a process or activity that is incorrectly implemented the first time. Using a structured questionnaire survey, the causes and costs of rework in 161 Australian construction projects were identified. Respondents were invited to indicate direct and indirect rework costs that would be subsequently combined to produce a total rework cost (TRC) figure. Stepwise linear multiple regression analysis was then used to determine a model that included an optimum mixture of significant variables that contributed or lead to a reduction in TRC for the projects sampled. The research revealed that rework per se can negatively influence project safety. Client initiated changes and ineffective use of information technology by the design professionals were identified as being significant variables contributing to rework occurrence. Contrary to an earlier presupposition, design scope freezing was also identified as being a significant factor that can contribute to rework.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 275-283 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Econometric forecasts indicate that the UK construction industry faces a severe skills deficit in the foreseeable future. This paper details the results of a major labour market research projects, which canvassed the opinions of over 50 industry stakeholders within the East Midlands region of the UK. Focus groups were used to elicit the collective opinions of key clients, consultants, contractors, industry bodies and employers of all sizes. The key themes and requirements discussed by the participants are used to develop a conjoined strategy for bridging the industry's skills gap at a regional level. It is argued that this package of mutually supportive measures could provide a transferable strategy for addressing skills deficiencies in other regions, particularly given the espoused government aspiration to devolve labour market planning activities to provincial forums and regional development agencies.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 284-291 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Complete and accurate design is critical for construction project success. Manifesting design intent in the constructed facility depends on coordinated design documents that are developed through design realization. This process evolves design intent from architects and engineers to contractors, through the production and review of shop drawings and other submittals. Information technology has been promoted as a tool to improve this process, but is not being fully utilized for this purpose. A case study investigates the impacts of computed aided design (CAD) on design realization. Comparative analysis between shop drawings prepared by hand and those done with CAD quantify notes, corrections and information transfer errors. Results support the hypothesis that utilizing CAD can improve design accuracy and lower project costs. Barriers to wider adoption, implications for practice and further research are discussed.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 301-315 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Innovation is viewed as a major source of competitive advantage and is perceived to be a pre-requisite for organizational success and survival. The ability to innovate depends largely on the way in which an organisation uses and exploits the resources available to it. The paper explores the importance of knowledge management (KM) and intellectual capital (IC) in organisations. It also considers the critical factors that lead to successful innovations and the role of KM and IC in this regard. The paper argues that effective management of knowledge assets involves a holistic approach to a host of factors. It is also suggested that there are a host of factors that combine in different ways to produce successful organizational innovations. It recommends that more is needed on the education and training of construction personnel and that these education and training programmes should reflect the nature of innovation and KM dimensions as very complex social processes.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 316-322 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Recently the industry's clients, designers and society as a whole, have begun to accept that innovation can offer key benefits in the form of financial growth and increased profits. Therefore, it is apparent that the development of a culture of innovation is of utmost importance if a business is to become universally proactive, entrepreneurial and remain successful. This owes much to the fact that the agility and ability of an organisation to respond to the changing marketplace is driven by its propensity to innovate. This paper does not attempt to resolve these problems; it merely attempts to raise awareness of the key issues relating to innovation, diffusion and the associated management of change. Moreover, it promotes the benefits afforded by developing an organizational culture of innovation. The content will be of interest to industrialists and researchers and will describe the key issues associated with product derivation, introduction and wider diffusion. Ultimately, it aims to demonstrate that creativity, the promotion of a culture for innovation, and the development of intellectual capital are issues of utmost importance in generating and maintaining a proactive and entrepreneurial organisation.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Uncertainty of eventual outcomes coupled with a reluctance to embark upon potentially long learning curves, have militated against much-needed holistic innovations in our instant-results-oriented construction industry. While sporadic initiatives towards new organizational and/or contractual arrangements have enabled incremental improvements in some scenarios, the increasing demand for step gains in construction industry performance levels evidently envisages a more solid launching pad with re-engineered paradigmatic foundations. Initial investigations suggest that the foregoing desired goals may be achieved together. Finally, a conceptual model that coherently synergises these strategies for institutional and industry development is presented and discussed.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 335-341 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In the last few years an increasing demand for integrated services could be recognised on the construction market. For construction firms this means that there is a wider scope for achieving advantages in competition. Based on a research project on the innovation behaviour of two Swiss contractors this paper presents the innovation potential of integrated services and the advantages and disadvantages of the present organizational structure of medium-sized contractors with respect to the usage of this potential. Moreover, possibilities for construction firms to build up and benefit from internal and external co-operation and to generate innovative constructional solutions are discussed. It is concluded that an innovative construction industry requires the ability of construction firms to co-operate.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 342-348 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Findings were drawn from an 18 month research project involving in-depth case study and action research fieldwork with seven small construction companies to understand the role and significance of innovation for them. A key finding of the work has been the importance of the role of effective technology transfer in the innovation process. The "organizational factors of innovation" model is presented as an analytical and prescriptive tool to assist small construction firms to understand better and manage the technology transfer process. The utility and application of the model is illustrated with a case study.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 349-357 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The promised benefits from implementing knowledge management (KM) attract an increasing number of organizations. However, many organizations, face several difficulties when designing a KM system or implementing its initiatives. These difficulties, along with some unsuccessful KM initiatives worry many organizations interested in the concept. This paper investigates the reasons for these difficulties and discusses the issues that need to be addressed to develop robust KM systems. It then introduces a systematic approach for addressing these issues at the early stages of designing a KM system. This approach was developed within the cross-sectoral learning in the virtual enterprise (CLEVER) project and supports the definition of KM problems within a business context. The approach has been encapsulated into a prototype software system to make it easier to use. The paper describes in detail the operational level of the prototype. It also discusses the potential of the developed prototype, and concludes that it represents an innovative tool for improved KM.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 358-365 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Construction is a project-oriented industry that benefits from both the technical and interpersonal skills that a project manager has to offer. Increasingly, project management is viewed as being an integrated process relevant throughout the project lifecycle, which necessarily draws upon a broad range of knowledge and abilities. It is imperative that project managers, therefore, have ready access to education and training programmes that enable them to update their skills. This paper compares a new distance learning project management educational software application with a traditional multiple-media resource and a well-established postgraduate module delivered in part-time mode to establish the pedagogic effectiveness of distributed interactive multimedia. An analysis of quantitative data generated over a two-year period finds that whilst learning and confidence gains occur in all delivery modes, there is no significant difference in the academic performance of students between the traditional control and distance learning experimental groups.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 366-372 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The concepts underlying innovation and standardisation presents an apparent divergence in what each strives to achieve. In the view of the authors, this has contributed in no small measure to the low take-up of standardisation within the construction sector as organisations strive to be innovative to improve on their performance and attain continuous improvement in their processes and operations as well as design solutions. The paper presents as a case, how one major public sector outfit is striving to achieve innovation within an agenda that involves a widespread adoption of standardisation. It presents the motivations for adopting an organisation-wide agenda on innovation and standardisation, identifies the elements of apparent incongruity between the concepts, and outlines how the case organisation has resolved the divergences.
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    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 373-380 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper provides an overview of a recently developed system for selecting and locating mobile cranes on construction sites. The proposed system provides direct help on two fronts: cost and time savings, and improved safety arrangements. The system has a number of interesting features: a relational database designed to store the cranes' geometry-related variables and to present them using powerful graphics; a selection module supported by an algorithm designed to satisfy geometrical requirements and necessary clearances, accounting for site constraints and lift configurations; and 3D animation to facilitate the planning of crane operations. The system provides a near-optimum selection of crane lift configurations, considering available cranes. This paper focuses mainly on case examples to demonstrate and to illustrate the use and capabilities of the developed system. Two actual cases, featuring different site constraints and lift configurations, are presented. In these cases, cranes were selected and their operations planned using the developed system. The findings of the two cases are discussed and the benefits of the proposed methodology are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 11 (2004), S. 386-394 
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In February 2003, London became the first city in the UK to introduce a comprehensive congestion-charging scheme, whereby road users are charged on a per day basis in order to use the road space. In response to concerted lobbying, a number of sectors and user groups have been granted exemptions from the charge. This paper explores the likely effect of congestion charging and the case for exempting construction delivery vehicles. A case study of a live construction project currently being undertaken in the city of London is used to illustrate the impact of the scheme. Based on this case example, it would seem that the impact of the scheme on construction companies has been fairly benign to date, but concerns relate to the longer term effect of charging on the future regeneration of city centres. Furthermore, it would appear that there are lessons to be learnt from the industry's apparent inability to bring to bear its collective weight to lobby for exemptions, which leaves it vulnerable to similar schemes under consideration in other cities both nationally and internationally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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