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  • Protein Structure, Tertiary  (396)
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  • 1
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    Distinct domains of tRNA synthetase recognize the same base pair (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-04
    Description: Synthesis of proteins containing errors (mistranslation) is prevented by aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases through their accurate aminoacylation of cognate tRNAs and their ability to correct occasional errors of aminoacylation by editing reactions. A principal source of mistranslation comes from mistaking glycine or serine for alanine, which can lead to serious cell and animal pathologies, including neurodegeneration. A single specific G.U base pair (G3.U70) marks a tRNA for aminoacylation by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. Mistranslation occurs when glycine or serine is joined to the G3.U70-containing tRNAs, and is prevented by the editing activity that clears the mischarged amino acid. Previously it was assumed that the specificity for recognition of tRNA(Ala) for editing was provided by the same structural determinants as used for aminoacylation. Here we show that the editing site of alanyl-tRNA synthetase, as an artificial recombinant fragment, targets mischarged tRNA(Ala) using a structural motif unrelated to that for aminoacylation so that, remarkably, two motifs (one for aminoacylation and one for editing) in the same enzyme independently can provide determinants for tRNA(Ala) recognition. The structural motif for editing is also found naturally in genome-encoded protein fragments that are widely distributed in evolution. These also recognize mischarged tRNA(Ala). Thus, through evolution, three different complexes with the same tRNA can guard against mistaking glycine or serine for alanine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beebe, Kirk -- Mock, Marissa -- Merriman, Eve -- Schimmel, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):90-3. doi: 10.1038/nature06454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18172502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alanine-tRNA Ligase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; *Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Transfer, Ala/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Structure of the guide-strand-containing argonaute silencing complex (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: The slicer activity of the RNA-induced silencing complex is associated with argonaute, the RNase H-like PIWI domain of which catalyses guide-strand-mediated sequence-specific cleavage of target messenger RNA. Here we report on the crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus argonaute bound to a 5'-phosphorylated 21-base DNA guide strand, thereby identifying the nucleic-acid-binding channel positioned between the PAZ- and PIWI-containing lobes, as well as the pivot-like conformational changes associated with complex formation. The bound guide strand is anchored at both of its ends, with the solvent-exposed Watson-Crick edges of stacked bases 2 to 6 positioned for nucleation with the mRNA target, whereas two critically positioned arginines lock bases 10 and 11 at the cleavage site into an unanticipated orthogonal alignment. Biochemical studies indicate that key amino acid residues at the active site and those lining the 5'-phosphate-binding pocket made up of the Mid domain are critical for cleavage activity, whereas alterations of residues lining the 2-nucleotide 3'-end-binding pocket made up of the PAZ domain show little effect.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4689319/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4689319/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Yanli -- Sheng, Gang -- Juranek, Stefan -- Tuschl, Thomas -- Patel, Dinshaw J -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068776/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):209-13. doi: 10.1038/nature07315. Epub 2008 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18754009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aptamers, Nucleotide/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Gene Silencing ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/metabolism ; Thermus thermophilus/*chemistry/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Structure of the Tribolium castaneum telomerase catalytic subunit TERT (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-02
    Description: A common hallmark of human cancers is the overexpression of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex that is responsible for maintaining the length and integrity of chromosome ends. Telomere length deregulation and telomerase activation is an early, and perhaps necessary, step in cancer cell evolution. Here we present the high-resolution structure of the Tribolium castaneum catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT. The protein consists of three highly conserved domains, organized into a ring-like structure that shares common features with retroviral reverse transcriptases, viral RNA polymerases and B-family DNA polymerases. Domain organization places motifs implicated in substrate binding and catalysis in the interior of the ring, which can accommodate seven to eight bases of double-stranded nucleic acid. Modelling of an RNA-DNA heteroduplex in the interior of this ring demonstrates a perfect fit between the protein and the nucleic acid substrate, and positions the 3'-end of the DNA primer at the active site of the enzyme, providing evidence for the formation of an active telomerase elongation complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gillis, Andrew J -- Schuller, Anthony P -- Skordalakes, Emmanuel -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):633-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07283. Epub 2008 Aug 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18758444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Telomerase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Tribolium/*enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Fertilization: Welcome to the fold (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wassarman, Paul M -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 4;456(7222):586-7. doi: 10.1038/456586a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Egg Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Ovum/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Spermatozoa/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: Human cancer cells typically harbour multiple chromosomal aberrations, nucleotide substitutions and epigenetic modifications that drive malignant transformation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pilot project aims to assess the value of large-scale multi-dimensional analysis of these molecular characteristics in human cancer and to provide the data rapidly to the research community. Here we report the interim integrative analysis of DNA copy number, gene expression and DNA methylation aberrations in 206 glioblastomas--the most common type of adult brain cancer--and nucleotide sequence aberrations in 91 of the 206 glioblastomas. This analysis provides new insights into the roles of ERBB2, NF1 and TP53, uncovers frequent mutations of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase regulatory subunit gene PIK3R1, and provides a network view of the pathways altered in the development of glioblastoma. Furthermore, integration of mutation, DNA methylation and clinical treatment data reveals a link between MGMT promoter methylation and a hypermutator phenotype consequent to mismatch repair deficiency in treated glioblastomas, an observation with potential clinical implications. Together, these findings establish the feasibility and power of TCGA, demonstrating that it can rapidly expand knowledge of the molecular basis of cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2671642/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2671642/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network -- R01 CA099041/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA099041-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126543-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126544/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126544-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126546/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126546-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126551-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126554-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126561/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126561-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126563/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126563-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126544/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126546/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126551/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126561/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126563/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1061-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07385. Epub 2008 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Modification Methylases/genetics ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genes, erbB-1/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; *Genomics ; Glioblastoma/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Neurofibromin 1/genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Retrospective Studies ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Crystal structure of the neurotrophin-3 and p75NTR symmetrical complex (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-04
    Description: Neurotrophins (NTs) are important regulators for the survival, differentiation and maintenance of different peripheral and central neurons. NTs bind to two distinct classes of glycosylated receptor: the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and tyrosine kinase receptors (Trks). Whereas p75(NTR) binds to all NTs, the Trk subtypes are specific for each NT. The question of whether NTs stimulate p75(NTR) by inducing receptor homodimerization is still under debate. Here we report the 2.6-A resolution crystal structure of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) complexed to the ectodomain of glycosylated p75(NTR). In contrast to the previously reported asymmetric complex structure, which contains a dimer of nerve growth factor (NGF) bound to a single ectodomain of deglycosylated p75(NTR) (ref. 3), we show that NT-3 forms a central homodimer around which two glycosylated p75(NTR) molecules bind symmetrically. Symmetrical binding occurs along the NT-3 interfaces, resulting in a 2:2 ligand-receptor cluster. A comparison of the symmetrical and asymmetric structures reveals significant differences in ligand-receptor interactions and p75(NTR) conformations. Biochemical experiments indicate that both NT-3 and NGF bind to p75(NTR) with 2:2 stoichiometry in solution, whereas the 2:1 complexes are the result of artificial deglycosylation. We therefore propose that the symmetrical 2:2 complex reflects a native state of p75(NTR) activation at the cell surface. These results provide a model for NTs-p75(NTR) recognition and signal generation, as well as insights into coordination between p75(NTR) and Trks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Yong -- Cao, Peng -- Yu, Hong-jun -- Jiang, Tao -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):789-93. doi: 10.1038/nature07089. Epub 2008 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Neurotrophin 3/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Spodoptera
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-26
    Description: The psychosis associated with schizophrenia is characterized by alterations in sensory processing and perception. Some antipsychotic drugs were identified by their high affinity for serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (2AR). Drugs that interact with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) also have potential for the treatment of schizophrenia. The effects of hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, require the 2AR and resemble some of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we show that the mGluR2 interacts through specific transmembrane helix domains with the 2AR, a member of an unrelated G-protein-coupled receptor family, to form functional complexes in brain cortex. The 2AR-mGluR2 complex triggers unique cellular responses when targeted by hallucinogenic drugs, and activation of mGluR2 abolishes hallucinogen-specific signalling and behavioural responses. In post-mortem human brain from untreated schizophrenic subjects, the 2AR is upregulated and the mGluR2 is downregulated, a pattern that could predispose to psychosis. These regulatory changes indicate that the 2AR-mGluR2 complex may be involved in the altered cortical processes of schizophrenia, and this complex is therefore a promising new target for the treatment of psychosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743172/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743172/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez-Maeso, Javier -- Ang, Rosalind L -- Yuen, Tony -- Chan, Pokman -- Weisstaub, Noelia V -- Lopez-Gimenez, Juan F -- Zhou, Mingming -- Okawa, Yuuya -- Callado, Luis F -- Milligan, Graeme -- Gingrich, Jay A -- Filizola, Marta -- Meana, J Javier -- Sealfon, Stuart C -- G9811527/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 DA012923/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA012923-06A10004/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA007135/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA007135-25S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM062754/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):93-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06612. Epub 2008 Feb 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. javier.maeso@mssm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Hallucinogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/analysis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/analysis/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Schizophrenia/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Up-Regulation
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  • 8
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    Structural biology: It's not all in the family (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kanner, Baruch I -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):593-4. doi: 10.1038/454593a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18668099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; *Ion Transport ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 9
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    X-ray structure of NS1 from a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: The recent emergence of highly pathogenic avian (H5N1) influenza viruses, their epizootic and panzootic nature, and their association with lethal human infections have raised significant global health concerns. Several studies have underlined the importance of non-structural protein NS1 in the increased pathogenicity and virulence of these strains. NS1, which consists of two domains-a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding domain and the effector domain, separated through a linker-is an antagonist of antiviral type-I interferon response in the host. Here we report the X-ray structure of the full-length NS1 from an H5N1 strain (A/Vietnam/1203/2004) that was associated with 60% of human deaths in an outbreak in Vietnam. Compared to the individually determined structures of the RNA binding domain and the effector domain from non-H5N1 strains, the RNA binding domain within H5N1 NS1 exhibits modest structural changes, while the H5N1 effector domain shows significant alteration, particularly in the dimeric interface. Although both domains in the full-length NS1 individually participate in dimeric interactions, an unexpected finding is that these interactions result in the formation of a chain of NS1 molecules instead of distinct dimeric units. Three such chains in the crystal interact with one another extensively to form a tubular organization of similar dimensions to that observed in the cryo-electron microscopy images of NS1 in the presence of dsRNA. The tubular oligomeric organization of NS1, in which residues implicated in dsRNA binding face a 20-A-wide central tunnel, provides a plausible mechanism for how NS1 sequesters varying lengths of dsRNA, to counter cellular antiviral dsRNA response pathways, while simultaneously interacting with other cellular ligands during an infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2798118/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2798118/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bornholdt, Zachary A -- Prasad, B V Venkataram -- AI36040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI036040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI036040-21/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR002250/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):985-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07444. Epub 2008 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/virology ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors
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  • 10
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    The mode of Hedgehog binding to Ihog homologues is not conserved across different phyla (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-17
    Description: Hedgehog (Hh) proteins specify tissue pattern in metazoan embryos by forming gradients that emanate from discrete sites of expression and elicit concentration-dependent cellular differentiation or proliferation responses. Cellular responses to Hh and the movement of Hh through tissues are both precisely regulated, and abnormal Hh signalling has been implicated in human birth defects and cancer. Hh signalling is mediated by its amino-terminal domain (HhN), which is dually lipidated and secreted as part of a multivalent lipoprotein particle. Reception of the HhN signal is modulated by several cell-surface proteins on responding cells, including Patched (Ptc), Smoothened (Smo), Ihog (known as CDO or CDON in mammals) and the vertebrate-specific proteins Hip (also known as Hhip) and Gas1 (ref. 11). Drosophila Ihog and its vertebrate homologues CDO and BOC contain multiple immunoglobulin and fibronectin type III (FNIII) repeats, and the first FNIII repeat of Ihog binds Drosophila HhN in a heparin-dependent manner. Surprisingly, pull-down experiments suggest that a mammalian Sonic hedgehog N-terminal domain (ShhN) binds a non-orthologous FNIII repeat of CDO. Here we report biochemical, biophysical and X-ray structural studies of a complex between ShhN and the third FNIII repeat of CDO. We show that the ShhN-CDO interaction is completely unlike the HhN-Ihog interaction and requires calcium, which binds at a previously undetected site on ShhN. This site is conserved in nearly all Hh proteins and is a hotspot for mediating interactions between ShhN and CDO, Ptc, Hip and Gas1. Mutations in vertebrate Hh proteins causing holoprosencephaly and brachydactyly type A1 map to this calcium-binding site and disrupt interactions with these partners.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2679680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2679680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLellan, Jason S -- Zheng, Xiaoyan -- Hauk, Glenn -- Ghirlando, Rodolfo -- Beachy, Philip A -- Leahy, Daniel J -- R01 HD055545/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Z99 DK999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):979-83. doi: 10.1038/nature07358. Epub 2008 Sep 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18794898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drosophila Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry ; Fibronectins/chemistry ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Hedgehog Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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