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  • 42.73
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 2005-2009  (14)
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  • 1
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    Engineering entropy-driven reactions and networks catalyzed by DNA (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: Artificial biochemical circuits are likely to play as large a role in biological engineering as electrical circuits have played in the engineering of electromechanical devices. Toward that end, nucleic acids provide a designable substrate for the regulation of biochemical reactions. However, it has been difficult to incorporate signal amplification components. We introduce a design strategy that allows a specified input oligonucleotide to catalyze the release of a specified output oligonucleotide, which in turn can serve as a catalyst for other reactions. This reaction, which is driven forward by the configurational entropy of the released molecule, provides an amplifying circuit element that is simple, fast, modular, composable, and robust. We have constructed and characterized several circuits that amplify nucleic acid signals, including a feedforward cascade with quadratic kinetics and a positive feedback circuit with exponential growth kinetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, David Yu -- Turberfield, Andrew J -- Yurke, Bernard -- Winfree, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1121-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, MC 136-93, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA91125, USA. dzhang@dna.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalysis ; Chemical Engineering ; *Computers, Molecular ; DNA/*chemistry ; Entropy ; Equipment Design ; Feedback, Physiological ; Mice ; Nanotechnology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Kent and Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Biomass conversion ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; Chemistry industry ; Industrial Chemistry ; Kent ; Riegel ; biochemical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 1562 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387278438
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-27843-8
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Molluscs from the Miocene Pebas Formation of Peruvian and Colombian Amazonia (2006)
    In:  Scripta Geologica (03757587) vol.133 (2006) p.19
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-09
    Description: The mollusc fauna of the Miocene Pebas Formation of Peruvian and Colombian Amazonia contains at least 158 mollusc species, 73 of which are introduced as new; 13 are described in open nomenclature. Four genera are introduced (the cochliopid genera Feliconcha and Glabertryonia, and the corbulid genera Pachyrotunda and Concentricavalva) and a nomen novum is introduced for one genus (Longosoma). A neotype is designated for Liosoma glabra Conrad, 1874a. The Pebas fauna is taxonomically dominated by two families, viz. the Cochliopidae (86 species; 54%) and Corbulidae (23 species; 15%). The fauna can be characterised as aquatic (155 species; 98%), endemic (114 species; 72%) and extinct (only four species are extant). Many of the families represented by a few species in the Pebas fauna include important ecological groups, such as indicators of marine influence (e.g., Nassariidae, one species), terrestrial settings (e.g., Acavidae, one species) and stagnant to marginally agitated freshwaters (e.g., Planorbidae, four species). Only seven species (4%) representing undisputedly elevated salinities were found, whereas 31 species (20%) are undisputed restricted to freshwater biotopes. Only three (2%) terrestrial gastropod species are known. The Pebas system experienced profuse radiations of molluscs that led to an overwhelmingly endemic fauna, typical of a long-lived lake environment. Several extant genera, which nowadays live outside Amazonia, may have originated within the Pebas system. The stratigraphic continuity of species and line ages, at least for the late Early-early Late Miocene interval (c. 18-9 Ma), indicates that lakes continuously occupied the system and never were entirely replaced by rivers or the sea. The rare occurrence of marine taxa indicates that the system was at sealevel and occasionally experienced marine incursions.
    Keywords: Mollusca ; systematics ; Pebas Formation ; Miocene ; western Amazonia ; 42.73 ; 38.22
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 4
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    Gulella johannae spec. nov. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Streptaxidae), a new land snail from the Drakensberg range in Limpopo Province, South Africa, with notes on G. johannesburgensis (M. & P.) (2006)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (0024-0672) vol.80 (2006) nr.1 p.63
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-12
    Description: Gulella (s.l.) johannae n. sp. is described from a few forest localities in the Tzaneen District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. It is characterized by a cylindrical, costulate shell with an almost entire peristome and a four-fold apertural dentition consisting of a prominent angular lamella (delimiting an only here discontinuous peristome), a mid-labral denticle, a left basal denticle, and a mid-columellar process. The shell is somewhat similar to that of G. johannesburgensis, but is consistently larger and more slender and has more whorls, while at the same time the apertural dentition is better developed; the almost uninterrupted peristome also appears to be a signifi cant character. This new taxon most likely is a restrictedrange endemic on the eastern flanks of the northern Drakensberg escarpment. Numerical data of a lot of material identified and mostly also published as G. johannesburgensis show that probably not all specimens belong to this taxon so that more than one species may be involved here.
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Gastropoda ; Pulmonata ; Streptaxidae ; Gulella, Gulella johannesburgensis ; taxonomy ; Drakensberg range ; South Africa ; 42.73
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 5
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    Miocene freshwater Mollusca from western Brazilian Amazonia (2006)
    In:  Scripta Geologica (03757587) vol.133 (2006) p.419
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-09
    Description: Thirteen species of fossil molluscs are reported from the Solimões Formation of western Brazilian Amazonia. Based on mammalian chronology of the Solimões Formation and radiometric ages reported from coeval deposits in adjacent Peru, the age of the fauna is established as Late Miocene. The fauna includes five prosobranch gastropod species, seven pearly freshwater mussel species and one sphaeriid bivalve species. The supposed presence of Pachydon (Corbulidae: Bivalvia) in these deposits is rejected; Pachydon acreanum, whose status has long been uncertain, is transferred to the unionoid genus Callonaia. The Solimões mollusc fauna is entirely composed of obligate freshwater taxa, resembling species-poor modern Amazonian fluvial faunas. The presence of the fauna in outcrops covering large parts of western Amazonia indicates that by that time the preceding Pebas fauna (dominated by corbulid bivalves and cochliopid snails) must have been extinguished.
    Keywords: Mollusca ; western Amazonia ; Miocene ; Solimões Formation. ; 38.22 ; 42.73
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 6
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    Evolutionary ecology of the Pachydontinae (Bivalvia, Corbulidae) in the Pebas lake/wetland system (Miocene, western Amazonia) (2006)
    In:  Scripta Geologica (03757587) vol.133 (2006) p.395
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-09
    Description: Miocene deposits in western Amazonia and adjacent areas of South America harbour a diverse suite of endemic corbulid bivalves, commonly referred to as Pachydontinae, that show a wide variety of morphologies. Especially in the Miocene Pebas Formation (Peru, Colombia and Brazil), this group diversified spectacularly. Since these corbulids (a cosmopolitan marine and perimarine bivalve family) occur with freshwater taxa and yield isotope signals strongly indicative of freshwater settings, the success of this group in inland basins of Miocene northwestern South America is surprising. In this paper it is argued that a combination of adaptations to fluid bottom substrates, common dysoxia and high predation intensities explains their abundance, their morphological diversity and the paucity of freshwater bivalve groups, such as Sphaeriidae, Corbiculidae and Unionoidea.
    Keywords: Corbulidae ; Pachydontinae ; Miocene ; Amazonia ; evolution ; adaptation ; 42.73 ; 38.22
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 7
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    A Miocene perspective on the evolution of the Amazonian biota (2006)
    In:  Scripta Geologica (03757587) vol.133 (2006) p.439
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-15
    Description: Between c. 23 and 8 Ma, western Amazonia was occupied by the vast Pebas long-lived lake/wetland system. The Pebas system had a variety of influences over the evolution of Miocene and modern Amazonian biota; it formed a barrier for the exchange of terrestrial biota, a pathway for the transition of marine biota into freshwater Amazonian environments, and formed the stage of remarkable radiations of endemic molluscs and ostracods. The lithological variation of the Pebas Formation has furthermore enhanced edaphic heterogeneity in western Amazonia, sustaining present-day high terrestrial diversity in the region.
    Keywords: Miocene ; Amazonia ; biogeography ; biodiversity ; Mollusca ; 42.73 ; 38.22
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 8
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    The nature of aquatic landscapes in the Miocene of western Amazonia: an integrated palaeontological and geochemical approach (2006)
    In:  Scripta Geologica (03757587) vol.133 (2006) p.363
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-09
    Description: The Miocene Pebas Formation from the section Santa Rosa de Pichana (Loreto, Peru) was investigated using a combination of analyses of sedimentary facies, molluscan communities and taphonomy, and stable isotopes of both entire shells and growth bands in bivalves. Three sequences, comprising a succession of transgressive, maximum flooding and regressive/prograding intervals, are documented. Molluscs are most common in the transgressive/highstand intervals and are almost absent in regressive/prograding intervals. The fauna is dominated by endemic Pebasian species, such as Pachydon and Dyris spp. The nature of the deposits as well as the availability of oxygen varied in a predictable way within each of the sequences and determined the nature of the assemblages. Highest diversity was reached in the late transgressive phase before the development of dysoxia that was widespread during the late highstand and early regressive/prograding phase. The mollusc and isotope data show no indications of elevated salinities, in contrast to ichnofossils found in the section. This discrepancy is interpreted to result either from temporal separation of the ichnofossils and the mollusc fossils or from evolution beyond usual ecological tolerances of taxa that produced these ichnofossils into freshwater settings.
    Keywords: Miocene ; Amazonia ; palaeoecology ; sedimentology ; stable isotopes ; 38.22 ; 42.73
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 9
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    The stratigraphy and regional structure of Miocene deposits in western Amazonia (Peru, Colombia and Brazil), with implications for late Neogene landscape evolution (2006)
    In:  Scripta Geologica (03757587) vol.133 (2006) p.291
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-15
    Description: A biozonation based on molluscs is proposed for Miocene deposits of western Amazonia (Peru, Colombia and Brazil), commonly referred to as the Pebas Formation. The new zonation refines existing pollen zonations and provides a key for the quick assessment of the stratigraphic position of Neogene deposits in the field. The regional distribution of twelve mollusc zones reveals a structuring of geological units around the broad Iquitos-Araracuara anteclise. The structure of the subsurface appears to have been a major factor in the determination of present-day second and lower order river courses in the study area. Based on this work a biostratigraphic framework for Miocene deposits of western Amazonia, including fossiliferous deposits from adjacent basins (Putumayo, Llanos and Magdalena basins in Colombia), is proposed.
    Keywords: stratigraphy ; Mollusca ; Miocene ; western Amazonia ; Pebas Formation ; 42.73 ; 38.22
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 10
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    Morphology, anatomy and histology of Doto uva Marcus, 1955 (Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia) from the Chilean coast (2006)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (13834517) vol.75, 3/4 (2006) p.145
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: Doto uva Marcus, 1955 is a nudibranch species recorded from the Brazilian and Chilean coast. In spite of its wide distribution, D. uva has been described only superficially, mainly as to the pattern of its coloration, external morphology, radular teeth and reproductive system. Here we substantially extend this description, paying special attention to the morphology, anatomy and histology of the digestive and reproductive system. Furthermore, new data on the morphology of the central nervous system and its cell types are given, and finally, the egg mass is described. On the basis of these data, we consider the Doto specimens described from Chile conspecific with those from Brazil.
    Keywords: Opisthobranchia ; Nudibranchia ; Doto ; Histology ; Morphology ; Chilean coast ; 42.73
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 11
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    Miocene long-lived lake Pebas as a stage of mollusc radiations, with implications for landscape evolution in western Amazonia (2006)
    In:  Scripta Geologica (03757587) vol.133 (2006) p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-09
    Description: The Miocene Pebas system was a huge (〉 1 million km2) system of long-lived lakes and wetlands that occupied most of western Amazonia between c. 23 and 8 Ma. Remarkable endemic radiations of molluscs and ostracods occurred in the Pebas system. The continuity of many of the endemic lineages between c. 17 and 9 Ma shows that the system was never fully replaced by fluvial or marine settings. Many of the endemic invertebrate groups developed an unusual range of morphologies that reflect adaptation to specific ecological stresses provided by the Pebas system, such as chemical stress, common dysoxia and high predation pressure. Mollusc diversity increased especially during the Middle Miocene. The Pebas system provided pathways for mobile marine organisms to transfer into freshwater biotopes, and at the same time obstructed exchange of terrestrial biota between the tropical Andes and the Guyana region. Short-lived, lowland aquatic corridors over northern shield regions and through the Ecuadorian Andean region almost certainly existed. The Pebas system was terminated just before the establishment of the modern Amazon system (slightly before 8 Ma), possibly coinciding with a single, wide ranging marine incursion into lowland Amazonia. With the termination of the Pebas system, the endemic mollusc fauna became largely extinct. The termination of the Pebas system provided large tracts of land for the establishment and development of terrestrial biota in western Amazonia. Subsequent diversification in lowland Amazonia has been enhanced by the edaphic heterogeneity of the Pebas Formation deposits.
    Keywords: Miocene ; Amazonia ; molluscs ; landscape evolution ; Pebas Formation ; 42.73 ; 38.22
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
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    Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia (2005)
    In:  Scripta Geologica (03757587) vol.130 (2005) p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-12
    Description: Tonnoidean gastropods in K. Martin’s and other collections in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden (and a few other minor collections) are reidentified and classified. The resulting fauna of 99 species is very similar to that of the Indo-West Pacific today, 70% of species still inhabiting the Indonesian region. Species endemic to the Miocene and Pliocene rocks of Indonesia are Bursa sangirana sp. nov., and two new (unnamed) species similar to Bursina ignobilis (Beu); Cassis depressior Martin and C. preangerensis Martin; Cypraecassis denseplicata (Martin) and an unnamed species of Cypraecassis; Sconsia martini van Regteren Altena and S. pulchra Pannekoek; Echinophoria vandervlerki Martin (possibly a synonym of E. wyvillei (Watson)); Phalium menkrawitense Beets and P. rembangense (Martin); Distorsio denseplicata van Regteren Altena and D. djunggranganensis (Martin); Biplex magnifica (Martin), B. pamotanensis (Martin) and B. perliberalis (Beets); Cymatium (Monoplex) gembacanum (Martin) (?=C. exaratum (Reeve)), C. rembangense (Wanner & Hahn), and C. tjaringinense (Martin); Cymatium (Ranularia) pseudopyrum (Martin) and an unnamed species of C. (Ranularia); Cymatium (Septa) dharmai sp. nov.; Sassia (Cymatiella) fennemai (Martin), S. (C.) menkrawitensis (Beets) and an unnamed species of S. (Cymatiella); Eudolium erbi (Haanstra & Spiker), E. errabundum (Beets) and E. pamotanense (Martin); Malea(?) papuana (Beets); and Sconsodolium (gen. nov.) rembangense (Pannekoek). These 30 species (30% of the recorded fauna), and the generic groups Sconsia, Sconsodolium and Sassia (Cymatiella), are all “additional” tropical western Pacific taxa that became extinct before the present day (Sconsia and Sassia (Cymatiella) only locally), as a result of Pleistocene climate change. Species previously included in Bufonaria Schumacher prove to belong in two distinct genera; species closely related to “Bursa” nobilis have a subcentral (rather than mid-left edge) opercular nucleus and are reclassified in Bursina Oyama. “Sconsia” rembangensis Pannekoek is an elongate, axially ridged cassid with a coarsely plicate inner lip; the new genus Sconsodolium is proposed for it. Galeodea bituminata (Martin) and G. carolimartini Beets are both earlier names for the western Pacific species (originally described in the Recent fauna) previously known as G. echinophorella Habe. Eudolium javanum (Martin) is an earlier name for the Indo-West Pacific species (originally described in the Recent fauna) previously known as E. pyriforme (G.B. Sowerby 3rd), whereas E. bituminata Martin is a synonym of the near-cosmopolitan species E. bairdii (Verrill & Smith). Ranella spinosa var. granosa Martin is either an earlier name for the western Pacific species (originally described in the Recent fauna) previously known as Bufonaria perelegans Beu, or a closely similar, but distinct, species. Purpura bantamensis Martin, Cassis tegalensis Martin, Dolium losariense Martin, and Tritonium verbeeki Boettger are all synonyms of Cymatium (Linatella) cingulatum (Lamarck).
    Keywords: Gastropoda ; Tonnoidea ; Neogene ; Indonesia ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; 42.73
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 13
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    Changes in the intertidal community structure after a mass mortality event in sandy beaches of Argentina (2005)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (13834517) vol.74, 1/2 (2005) p.27
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: After a massive mortality of the dominant species (the clam Mesodesma mactroides) occurred in 1995, changes in the intertidal community in sandy beaches of Argentina were monitored. Eight sampling stations were established in a 40 km open stretch and samples were taken every October each year up to 2001. Biomass, density, size frequency distribution and mean growth rates for the most abundant species were analyzed. During the mortality event, only the benthic stages of M. mactroides were affected, their total mean biomass diminishing from 1,399 g to 2 g per running meter beach. Post-mortality recruitment was normal and the growth rates for the youngest cohorts were similar to those previously reported. After a two years’ lag, the wedge clam Donax hanleyanus replaced M. mactroides as the dominant species, increasing from 6.0 g/m up to 24.3 g/m. However, dominance replacement did not restore the productivity of the intertidal macrobenthic assemblage and, despite the increment of D. hanleyanus stocks, the community total biomass remained 〈 1% of the pre-mortality levels. Since 1998 on, M. mactroides and D. hanleyanus showed several peaks in abundance. Disturbance, mainly due to non-regulated fisheries, has been delaying the community recovery. Taking into account the interactions among species and human activities, the present individual resourcebased management should be replaced by an integrated systembased management program including both conservation and tourism requirements.
    Keywords: Surf clams ; Mesodesma mactroides ; Donax hanleyanus ; sandy beaches ; benthos ; Argentina ; species interactions ; 42.73
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 14
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    A hitherto unnoticed adaptive radiation: epitoniid species (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae) associated with corals (Scleractinia) (2005)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (13834517) vol.74, 1/2 (2005) p.125
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: Twenty-two epitoniid species that live associated with various hard coral species are described. Three genera, viz. Epidendrium gen. nov., Epifungium gen. nov., and Surrepifungium gen. nov., and ten species are introduced as new to science, viz. Epidendrium aureum spec. nov., E. sordidum spec. nov., Epifungium adgranulosa spec. nov., E. adgravis spec. nov., E. adscabra spec. nov., E. marki spec. nov., E. nielsi spec. nov., E. pseudolochi spec. nov., E. pseudotwilae spec. nov., Surrepifungium patamakanthini spec. nov., and ‘Epitonium’ crassicostatum spec. nov. and ‘E.’ graviarmatum spec. nov. Although their identities as separate gene pools are convincingly demonstrated by molecular data, some of these species cannot be identified unequivocally on the basis of conchological characters alone. The shell shape and sculpture are only partially diagnostic because of interspecifically overlapping character states. In most of these cases, the operculum, jaw structure, radula, spawn and/or the habitat do reveal the identity. Most of these species are associated with only one or a restricted number of coral host species and have large ranges, similar to those of their hosts.
    Keywords: Indo-Pacific ; parasites ; coral reefs ; coral/mollusc associations ; Epitoniidae ; Epitonium ; Epidendrium ; Epifungium ; Surrepifungium ; new species ; new genera ; Scleractinia ; Fungiidae ; Fungia ; 42.73
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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