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  • Articles  (4)
  • 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous  (2)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks  (1)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous  (1)
  • Elsevier Ltd  (3)
  • American Chemical Society  (1)
  • 2005-2009  (4)
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  • Articles  (4)
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  • 2005-2009  (4)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Dual-use space technology poses a threat to the original peaceful mandate of scientific research, being de facto a proxy for future military confrontation in space. Following the example of the USA, the European Union and consortia of European nations are starting to flatten the barriers between military, commercial and scientific missions and programmes, under pressure from security issues and to protect their economic investments in space. While arguing against the militarization of the space environment, this article presents a summary of the potential benefits and drawbacks of the rise of dual use in the European scenario. It then discusses the Italian Cosmo-SkyMed mission as an example of Europe's move towards dual-use technology. Some suggestions are made for enforcing the peaceful use of outer space, such as maintaining free data availability and providing for greater public and scientific say in missions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 231-237
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Peaceful use of space ; Military space ; European space policy ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Panarea, characterized by gas unrest in 2002–2003, is the volcanic island with the least constrained structure in the eastern-central Aeolian Arc (Italy). Based on structural measurements, we define here its deformation pattern relative to the Arc. The main deformations are subvertical extension fractures (63% of data), normal faults (25%) and dikes (12%). The mean orientation of the extension fractures and faults is ∼N38◦E, with a mean opening direction of N135◦ ±8◦, implying extension with a moderate component of dextral shear. These data, matched with those available for Stromboli volcano (pure opening) and Vulcano, Lipari and Salina volcanoes (predominant dextralmotions) along the eastern-central Arc, suggest a progressivewestward rotation of the extension direction and an increase in the dextral shear. The dextral shear turns into compression in the western arc. The recent unrest at Panarea, coeval to that of nearby Stromboli, may also be explained by the structural context, as both volcanoes lie along the portion of the Arc subject to extension.
    Description: Protezione Civile, project INGV-DPC-V2
    Description: Published
    Description: 288-292
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Panarea ; Aeolian Arc ; fault ; dike ; 2002-2003 unrest ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Red Pompeian paintings, very famous for their deep intensity, are currently suffering from darkening. The origins of this darkening degradation are not clearly identified yet and remain a major issue for curators. In the specific case of cinnabar (HgS)-based red pigment, a photoinduced conversion into black metacinnabar is usually suspected. This work is focused on the blackening of red cinnabar paintings coated on a sparry calcite mortar. Different samples exhibiting different levels of degradation were selected upon visual observations and analyzed by synchrotron-based microanalytical techniques. Atomic and molecular compositions of the different debased regions revealed two possible degradation mechanisms. On one hand, micro X-ray fluorescence elemental maps show peculiar distributions of chlorine and sulfur. On the other hand, X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed at both Cl and S K-edges confirms the presence of characteristic degradation products: (i) Hg- Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite), which may result from the reaction with exogenous NaCl, in gray areas; (ii) gypsum, produced by the calcite sulfation, in black coatings. Metacinnabar is never detected. Finally, a cross section was analyzed to map the in-depth alteration gradient. Reduced and oxidized sulfur distributions reveal that the sulfated black coating consists of a 5-ím-thick layer covering intact cinnabar.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7484-7492
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Microspectroscopy Analysis ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The present note shows that the rock mass under stress and strain generates an ELF and VLF emission (EME) associated to the fracturing phenomena. On uniaxial stress this emission show two different modes. A disorderly succession of clustering EM pulses (DIS) is associated with the acoustics emission of fracturing. It is always manifested, culminates with the rupture and begins just before the 50% of the time necessary to break the rock with an constant increasing stress. In some cases, this phenomenon is preceded by a more orderly and homogeneous sequence of pulses EM (OIS), in this case not associated with the acoustics. The presence of water saturation influences the DIS EM emission. From our experimental observations results that the emission in the ELF and VLF bands is independent from the type of rock, which however condition the deformation history, and form the structural characteristics of the material. In a quarry have observed a similar phenomenon also on large stone masses under strain. These characteristics of the EME may be observed at great distances to monitor the preparation of an Earthquake; in fact radio waves as well as acoustic waves have their maximum propagation at the low frequency band.
    Description: Published
    Description: 940 - 945
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: VLF electromagnetic emissions ; fracturing of rocks ; uniaxial compression ; seismic precursors ; earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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