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  • Articles  (34)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism  (17)
  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions  (16)
  • Chemistry
  • United States
  • AGU  (25)
  • American Geophysical Union  (9)
  • 2005-2009  (34)
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  • Articles  (34)
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  • 1
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    An early Eocene carbon cycle perturbation at ~52.5 Ma in the Southern Alps: Chronology and biotic response (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: At least two transient events of extreme global warming occurred superimposed on the long-term latest Paleocene and early Eocene warming trend in the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) (or ETM1 ~55.5 Ma) and the Elmo (or ETM2 ~53.6 Ma). Other than warmth, the best known PETM is characterized by (1) significant injection of 13C-depleted carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system, (2) deep-sea carbonate dissolution, (3) strong biotic responses, and (4) perturbations of the hydrological cycle. Documentation of the other documented and suspected "hyperthermals" is, as yet, insufficient to assess whether they are similar in nature to the PETM. Here we present and discuss biomagnetostratigraphic data and geochemical records across two lower Eocene successions deposited on a continental margin of the western Tethys: the Farra and Possagno sections in the Venetian pre-Alps. We recognize four negative carbon isotope excursions within chron C24. Three of these shifts correlate to known or suspected hyperthermals: the PETM, the Eocene thermal maximum 2 (~53.6 Ma), and the informally named "X event" (~52.5 Ma). The fourth excursion lies within a reverse subchron and occurred between the latter two. In the Farra section, the X event is marked by a ~0.6% negative carbon isotope excursion and carbonate dissolution. Furthermore, the event exhibits responses among calcareous nannofossils, planktic foraminifera, and dinoflagellates that are similar to, though less intense than, those observed across the PETM. Sedimentological and quantitative micropaleontological data from the Farra section also suggest increased weathering and runoff as well as sea surface eutrophication during this event.
    Description: Published
    Description: PA2209
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Paleoclimate ; Hyperthermal events ; Early Eocene ; Bio-magnetostratigraphy ; Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Antarctic Drilling Recovers Stratigraphic Records From the Continental Margin (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The Antarctic Geological Drilling (ANDRILL) program — a collaboration between Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the United States that is one of the larger programs endorsed by the International Polar Year (IPY; http:// www .ipy .org) — successfully completed the drilling phase of the Southern McMurdo Sound (SMS) Project in December 2007. This second drill core of the program’s campaign in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, complements the results of the first drilling season [Naish et al., 2007] by penetrating deeper into the stratigraphic section in the Victoria Land Basin and extending the recovered time interval back to approximately 20 million years ago.
    Description: Published
    Description: 89-90
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ANDRILL ; SMS Project ; MMCO (Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Textural and geophysical characterization of explosive basaltic activity at Villarrica volcano (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Villarrica volcano (Chile) is one of the most active volcanoes in South America. Its activity is currently characterized by continuous degassing from a summit lava lake/vent punctuated by explosive events. During November 2004 a multidisciplinary experiment was deployed for a 10-d period to define the style of emission and infer shallow conduit dynamics at this basaltic center. This involved collection of thermal, seismic and infrasonic data to describe the background activity confined inside the crater, and use of samples to texturally and chemically characterize the ejecta from more energetic explosions able to attain the crater rim. The background activity was characterized by gas bursting with a frequency of 9 events per minute. This involved emission of gas puffs fed by bubble bursting, with larger bursts emplacing sheets of magma onto the lower crater walls. The ejecta population from the more energetic events was characterized by the coexistence of both scoriae and golden pumice. These two types of clasts have different textures but identical glass compositions, suggesting that they underwent different conduit histories. The golden pumice is interpreted as the expanding inner part of a short-lived jet fed by a rapidly ascending, magma batch. The scoria forms the outer portion of the jet and comprises degassed material entrained during passage of the fresh batch through material residing in the upper-most portion of the conduit. We thus have a largely degassed upper column that feeds persistent bubble bursting, through which fresh batches occasionally rise to feed events of relatively higher energy.
    Description: Published
    Description: B08206
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: basaltic activity ; remote sensing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Paleomagnetism of spatter lavas from Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): Implications for the age of paroxysmal eruptions (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on 270 paleomagnetic directions retrieved from 17 different spatter deposits spread over the northern and western flanks of the Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). The spatter were emplaced during previously undated high-energy Strombolian eruptions occurring after the third-seventh century AD. Our paleomagnetic directions were superimposed over the paleosecular variation curve of the geomagnetic field for the last two millennia, obtained by reducing to the coordinates of Stromboli the archeomagnetic and magnetic observatory data from France and Italy. This comparison suggests that most of the spatter exposed in the northern flank of the volcano were emplaced during several eruptions occurring between ca. 1400 and 1600 AD, while the western flank of Stromboli was diffusely spread by spatter during the powerful XX century eruptions. Conversely, there is no evidence for paroxysmal fire fountain activity occurring before 1400 AD, and between 1600 and 1907 AD.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02607
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism ; Stromboli volcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy ; Paleomagnetic secular variations ; Paleomagnetic dating ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Assessing the timing of greigite formation and the reliability of the Upper Olduvai polarity transition record from the Crostolo River, Italy (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Crostolo River section in Italy yielded a detailed record of the Upper Olduvai geomagnetic polarity transition that has been used to support the hypothesis of deep mantle control on the transitional geomagnetic field. The paleomagnetic record is carried by the authigenic iron sulphide, greigite, which was interpreted to have formed shortly after deposition. Our detailed scanning electron microscope investigations indicate the presence of at least 3 generations of pyrite, which usually forms with greigite as a precursor. This suggests that the total magnetization is a complex composite that produced a smoothed record of transitional field behaviour.
    Description: Published
    Description: L05307
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: greigite ; Upper Olduvai polarity transition ; Crostolo river ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Continuous monitoring of soil CO2 flux on Mt. Etna:The 2004–2005 eruption and the role of regional tectonics and volcano tectonics. (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The soil CO2 flux on Mt. Etna as recorded by the ETNAGAS network (an automatic system for measuring soil CO2 flux and meteorological parameters) started to increase strongly about 5 months prior to the onset of the 2004–2005 eruption and decreased a few months before the end of the eruption. Time delays in the occurrences of anomalies in soil CO2 flux at different sites in the geochemical network constrain the relationship between soil CO2 flux distributions and the tectonic framework of Etna volcano. The anomalies observed before the 2004–2005 eruption support the intrusion of new undegassed magma into the upper feeding system of the volcano (〈20 km below sea level). Magma subsequently rose slowly in the volcano conduits, thereby triggering the onset of the 2004–2005 eruption. The time delays in the occurrences of anomalies in combination with spectral analysis indicate the importance of tectonic and volcanotectonic structures in driving the ascent of deep gases within the crust. Moreover, greatest amplitude pulsations of the low-frequency components of the CO2 flux signals were correlated with the paroxystic activities of the 2004–2005 eruption. This study confirms that CO2 flux variation is a useful indicator for volcanic activity in the surveillance of the Mt. Etna and similar basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: Dipartimento Protezione Civile Ministero degli Interni
    Description: Published
    Description: B09206
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Continuous monitoring of soil CO2 flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Chronology and complex volcanic processes during the 2002–2003 flank eruption at Stromboli volcano (Italy) reconstructed from direct observations and surveys with a handheld thermal camera (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Effusive activity at Stromboli is uncommon, and the 2002–2003 flank eruption gave us the opportunity to observe and analyze a number of complex volcanic processes. In particular, the use of a handheld thermal camera during the eruption allowed us to monitor the volcano even in difficult weather and operating conditions. Regular helicopter-borne surveys with the thermal camera throughout the eruption have significantly improved (1) mapping of active lava flows; (2) detection of new cracks, landslide scars, and obstructions forming within and on the flanks of active craters; (3) observation of active lava flow field features, such as location of new vents, tube systems, tumuli, and hornitos; (4) identification of active vent migration along the Sciara del Fuoco; (5) monitoring of crater's inner morphology and maximum temperature, revealing magma level changes within the feeding conduit; and (6) detection of lava flow field endogenous growth. Additionally, a new system developed by A. J. L. Harris and others has been applied to our thermal data, allowing daily calculation of effusion rate. These observations give us new insights on the mechanisms controlling the volcanic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-23
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: volcano monitoring ; thermal mapping ; flank eruption ; Stromboli volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 1426995 bytes
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  • 8
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    Magnetostratigraphy and environmental magnetism of two Quaternary deep-sea gravity cores from the west Pacific Southern Ocean (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present new paleomagnetic data for Quaternary u channel samples from two deep-sea gravity cores from the west Pacific Southern Ocean. These cores were recovered in the Antarctic summers 1995–1996 during the oceanographic cruise of the R/V Italica. One was recovered beneath the present-day Antarctic Polar Front (Anta 95-157), and the other is from within the Antarctic Zone (Anta 96-16). The Matuyama- Brunhes boundary has been identified in both cores, with a longer history of sedimentation available in Anta 96-16. A detailed rock magnetic study shows discrete occurrences of ice rafted debris, which were influenced by 100-kyr orbital eccentricity variations during the Brunhes Chron. This is consistent with the main periodicity of the climate system since the mid-Pleistocene climate transition.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q12011
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; Quaternary ; sedimentary cores ; Southern Ocean ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    A synchronous Alpine and Corsica-Sardinia rotation (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on the paleomagnetism of 34 sites from lower Oligocene–middle Miocene sediments exposed in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (TPB, northern Italy). The TPB is formed by a thick (4000 m) and virtually undeformed sedimentary succession unconformably lying upon Alpine nappes decapitated by extensional exhumation, which in turn are tectonically stacked over the Adriatic foreland. Paleomagnetic directions from 23 (mostly Oligocene) sites were chronologically framed using new biostratigraphic evidence from calcareous nannoplankton. Our data, along with published paleomagnetic results, show that the TPB rotated 50 counterclockwise with respect to Africa in Aquitanian-Serravallian times. The rotation was likely driven by underneath nappe stacking and was synchronous with (further) bending of the Alpine chain. Both the rotation magnitude and its timing are similar to those documented for the Corsica-Sardinia microplate. Therefore the formation of the western Alpine arc (or at least part of its present-day curvature) occurred during the rollback of the Apenninic slab and related back-arc spreading of the Liguro-Provenc¸al Basin and drift of the Corsica-Sardinia block. This suggests a common dynamics driving both the Alpine and the Apennine slab motions. Paleomagnetic data also document that the Adriatic plate has undergone no paleomagnetic rotation since mid-late Miocene times. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data suggests that the TPB, an enigmatic basin arising from a controversial tectonic setting, formed in an extensional regime characterized by a stretching direction approximately orthogonal to the main trend of the underlying chain.
    Description: Published
    Description: B03104
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Paleomagnetism ; Tertiary Piedmont Basin ; Paleomagnetic directions ; Biostratigraphic evidence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Paleomagnetism of the Gran Sasso range salient (central Apennines, Italy): Pattern of orogenic rotations due to translation of a massive carbonate indenter (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on the paleomagnetism (39 new sites) of Gran Sasso, an indenter-controlled salient of the external central Apennines formed by two orthogonal limbs. We find that Gran Sasso is a complex salient, paleomagnetically corresponding to neither a nonrotating nor an oroclinal end-member. Data from the core of the arc show that the indenter itself did not undergo any rotation. Conversely, rotations of variable magnitude and sign are observed along the curveshaped thrust fronts. Rotations are virtually absent at both end points of the arc. Moving toward the apex, progressively greater counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) rotations occur along the E-Wand N-S fronts, respectively. The rotations increase continuously and more than linearly, reaching their maximum values (80 CCWand 50 CW) around the apex. Here, the more strongly CCW and CW rotated fronts are separated by a domain characterized by local block rotations. The inequality between the maximum CCW and CW rotation values is likely a consequence of the asymmetry of the indenter displacement direction (N70 E) with respect to the preorogenic trends of its margins (E-W and N-S). From an oroclinal point of view, the fronts close to the end points virtually define a nonrotating arc, while the pattern around the apex is similar to that of an orocline. We conclude that close to end points, nonrotational thrusting normal to the indenter margins occurred, while in the vicinity of the apex, the peritidal carbonates acted as an "ice breaker", pushing apart (and strongly rotating) the weaker multilayer located ahead.
    Description: Published
    Description: TC4019
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Paleomagnetism ; Gran Sasso ; Tectonic rotations ; Arcuate belt ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Magnetic proxy climate results from the Duanjiapo loess section, southernmost extremity of the Chinese loess plateau (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report mineral magnetic results from a 7.5 m loess sequence (150 samples) from the southernmost extremity of the Chinese loess plateau (which includes the last two glacial cycles). In this area the loess sediments experienced particularly intense weathering processes. The magnetic assemblage is dominated by a mixture of pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multidomain (MD) magnetite with associated superparamagnetic (SP) grains of either magnetite or maghemite in the paleosols and weathered loess horizons. All the rock magnetic parameters fluctuate in parallel with marine sediment δ18O data over the last 150Kyr, thus reflecting changing global paleoclimatic conditions. This relationship is also supported by the evidence of Milankovitch cycles in the magnetic susceptibility record. Paleorainfall estimates, when compared with other studies from the Chinese loess plateau, underline the (more) humid character of this region during the last ~130 kyr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 645-659
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: magnetic mineralogy ; climatic cycles ; Loess ; China ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Tectonics of the Umbria-Marche-Romagna Arc (central northern Apennines, Italy): New paleomagnetic constraints (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the results of a paleomagnetic study carried out on 32 sites from mainly Messinian clayey sediments distributed throughout the external Umbria-Marche-Romagna Arc (UMRA). These data, together with published results from coeval sediments, demonstrate that this arc is an orocline in its central northern sector. Bending, not well constrained in time, was due to about 15° clockwise rotations of the central part of this arc and to counterclockwise rotations farther north. In this latter area, post-Messinian counterclockwise rotations are of the same amplitude as those calculated for some classic Mesozoic paleomagnestic sections in northern Umbria, suggesting a Plio-Pleistocene age for the rotations reported from the older sequences.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3153-3166
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; tectonic rotations ; arcuate belt ; northern Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Geochemical evidence of the renewal of volcanic activity: the 2007 Stromboli (Italy) eruption (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geochemical surveillance has been carried out at Stromboli since 1999 using discrete and continuous monitoring of thermal waters and soil degassing. On 27 February 2007 a new eruption began which lasted until 2 April; it was characterized by effusive activity on the Sciara del Fuoco and also by a paroxistic event (15 March). This crisis represented an opportunity to refine the model developed previously and to improve our understanding of the relationship between the magmatic dynamics of the volcano and geochemical variations. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the level of criticality of the volcanic activity. The SO2 fluxes of the degassing plume and the CO2 fluxes emitted from the soil at Pizzo Sopra la Fossa are herein presented. Furthermore, we propose a refined geochemical model of fluids circulation, including plume and summit fumarolic soil degassing. Noteworthy geochemical signals of volcanic unrest were also clearly identified (before, during and after the effusive activity) in the degassing plume as well as in the degassing from the soil at the summit.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, CA,USA
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Stromboli volcano ; SO2 Flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Deformation and eruptions at Mt. Etna (Italy): A lesson from 15 years of observations (2009)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanoes deform as a consequence of the rise and storage of magma; once magma reaches a critical pressure, an eruption occurs. However, how the edifice deformation relates to its eruptive behavior is poorly known. Here, we produce a joint interpretation of spaceborne InSAR deformation measurements and volcanic activity at Mt. Etna (Italy), between 1992 and 2006. We distinguish two volcano-tectonic behaviors. Between 1993 and 2000, Etna inflated with a starting deformation rate of 1 cm yr 1 that progressively reduced with time, nearly vanishing between 1998 and 2000; moreover, low-eruptive rate summit eruptions occurred, punctuated by lava fountains. Between 2001 and 2005, Etna deflated, feeding higher-eruptive rate flank eruptions, along with large displacements of the entire East-flank. These two behaviors, we suggest, result from the higher rate of magma stored between 1993 and June 2001, which triggered the emplacement of the dike responsible for the 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions. Our results clearly show that the joint interpretation of volcano deformation and stored magma rates may be crucial in identifying impending volcanic eruptions.
    Description: This work was partly funded by INGV and the Italian DPC and was supported by ASI, the Preview Project and CRdC-AMRA. DPC-INGV Flank project providing the funds for the publication fees.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02309
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: deformation ; eruptions ; Mt. Etna ; eruptive cycle ; InSAR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Scientific community and civil protection synergy during the Stromboli 2002-03 eruption (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The eruption of Stromboli 2002-03, thanks to its complex scenario (flank instability, tsunami, necessity to rapidly upgrade monitoring networks) has provided an important opportunity to verify the response of the national system of civil protection to volcanic emergencies. In particular, it has tested and validated the model of collaboration, in use by Italian law, between the Department of Civil Protection and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. This synergy has enabled a better understanding and ability to tackle the eruptive crisis from its first stages, as well as implement monitoring systems both dependably and swiftly. In this work, the numerous first monitoring tasks carried out during the critical initial stages of the eruption are described, and the activities and planned action are reported over the course of the eruption that has made Stromboli one of the best monitored volcanoes not only in Italy but throughout the world.
    Description: Published
    Description: 387-398
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: eruptive crisis management ; Stromboli volcano ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 16
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    Bending of the Bolivian orocline and growth of the central Andean plateau: Paleomagnetic and structural constraints from the Eastern Cordillera (22–24°S, NW Argentina) (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report new paleomagnetic and structural data from late Cretaceous to Mio-Pliocene continental sandy/silty sedimentary rocks from the Eastern Cordillera (central Andes). Here, N–S to NNE–SSW ridges hosting Paleozoic basement and upper Cretaceous continental red beds overthrust thick adjacent Cenozoic basins. Pretilting (and likely primary) reliable directions gathered at 15 sites document 45.9° ± 9.4, 30.1° ± 23.9°, and 15.4° ± 19.3° clockwise (CW) rotations with respect to South America occurring after the late Cretaceous (~80 Ma), Oligo-Miocene (20–30 Ma), and late Miocene-Pliocene (5–10 Ma), respectively. Conversely, four upper Cretaceous sites from the walls of a N–S left-lateral strike-slip fault (Yavi–Abra Pampa fault) yield a null rotation. About 20 km to the west, flower structures and subvertical syntectonic strata dated at 14.26 ± 0.19 Ma are exposed along the subparallel Abra Moreta left-lateral strike-slip fault. Relying on data from the literature on the period when deformation began, we suggest that since Eo-Oligocene times (30–40 Ma) the Eastern Cordillera has undergone a regional CW rotation of 40°–50°, synchronous with crustal shortening and large-scale bending of the Andean salient. The CW rotation is possibly still active today, as documented by regional GPS data from the Andes. Since ~15 Ma ago, the activity of N–S left-lateral strike-slip faults induced counterclockwise rotations along the fault zone, locally annulling the regional CW rotation. In agreement with a previous model, we speculate that mid-Miocene strike-slip activity accommodated the progressive southward spreading of the Altiplano-Puna high-altitude plateau, laterally migrating from the overthickened crustal region of the salient apex.
    Description: Published
    Description: TC4006
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Eastern Cordillera ; strike-slip tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 17
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    Volcanic plume monitoring at Mount Etna by diffusive (passive) sampling (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper reports the use of diffusive tubes in determining HF, HCl, and SO2 in the volcanic plume of Mount Etna in an attempt to highlight the potential of this method in studying volcanoes. In a first application a network of 18 diffusive tubes was installed on Etna flanks, aimed at evaluating the atmospheric dispersion of the volcanic plume on a local scale. Results showed a monotonic decrease in volatile air concentrations with distance from the craters (HF from 0.15 to 〈0.003 mmol m3, HCl from 2 to 〈0.01 mmol m3, and SO2 from 11 to 0.04 mmol m3), revealing the prevalently volcanic contribution. Matching of SO2/HCl and HCl/HF volatile ratios with contemporaneous measurements at the summit craters validated the use of diffusive tubes in tracing the chemical features of a volcanic plume from remote locations. A first tentative assessment of dry deposition rates of volcanogenic acidic gases was also made, yielding 2.5 74 t d1 (SO2), 0.6 17 t d1 (HCl), and 0.02 0.6 t d1 (HF) and revealing the potential environmental impact of gas emissions. In a second experiment, carried out during the recent October 2002 to February 2003 eruption of Etna, diffusive tubes provided a continuous record of the chemical composition of the eruptive plume from a safe distance of 1 km from the vents, thus considerably decreasing the risks involved in sampling. This highlighted a clear time decrease in SO2 concentrations and SO2/HCl ratios, which was interpreted as due to progressive exhaustion of volatile degassing and eruption energy.
    Description: Published
    Description: D21308
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: volcanic plumes ; impact of volcanic emissions ; sulfur and halogens chemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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    Type: article
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  • 18
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    The 2002–2003 eruption of Stromboli (Italy): Evaluation of the volcanic activity by means of continuous monitoring of soil temperature, CO2 flux, and meteorological parameters (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: From December 2002 to July 2003, Stromboli volcano was characterized by a new effusive stage of eruption after a period of extraordinary strombolian activity. Signals recorded in two continuous monitoring stations during the eruption, which have already been presented in very recent papers, evidenced anomalies in the CO2 flux just before the onset of the eruption. A more detailed analysis carried out on the data subset acquired during the eruption, integrated by daily field observations of the scientific personnel working at the volcanological observatory in Stromboli, showed that CO2 flux and soil temperature are strictly related to volcanic events. Furthermore, the relative minima and maxima of the two parameters showed a strong correlation with wind speed and direction. This fact was especially true at the summit station, whereas at the coastal sites seasonal and meteorological effects masked the volcanic signal. The analysis of the wind data, particularly the relationships between wind speed and direction, air and soil temperature, and local circulation of atmospheric air masses revealed that during the eruption, in the summit area of Stromboli air movements were not only related to atmospheric circulation but were also significantly affected, and in certain cases caused, by volcanic activity. This conclusion was reached by observing several anomalies, such as the discrepancies in the wind direction between the two stations, higher air temperatures at the summit site, and inversion of direction for wind before and after the reopening of the conduit in a major explosion on 5 April 2003. The relationships found between volcanic activity, soil temperatures, CO2 fluxes, and wind speed and direction indicate that soil temperature measurements, in an open conduit volcano such as in this case, could be used to monitor the level of volcanic activity, along with CO2 flux. Furthermore, the possible volcanic origin of a peculiar type of air circulation identified in the summit area of Stromboli suggests that the separation between volcanic and atmospheric signals might not be obvious, requiring monitoring over a wide area, rather than a single location.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q12001
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: carbon dioxide flux ; continuous monitoring ; soil temperature ; wind ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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    Type: article
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  • 19
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    Geochemical precursors of the activity of an open-conduit volcano: The Stromboli 2002-2003 eruptive events (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Marked increases of CO2, H2 and He dissolved in thermal waters and changes in the dissolved carbon isotopic composition, were observed at Stromboli before the 28 December 2002 eruption and before a violent explosive paroxysm occurred on 5 April 2003. High anomalous CO2 flux values were recorded at the crater rim since a week before the eruption onset. The first anomalies in the thermal waters (dissolved CO2 amount) appeared some months before the eruption, when magma column rose at a very high level in the conduit. High peaks of dissolved H2 and He were recorded a few days before the paroxysm. Carbon isotopic composition indicates a magmatic origin of the dissolved CO2 whose increase, together with those of H2 and He, is attributed to an increasing output of deep gases likely produced by depressurization of a rising batch of a deep gas-rich magma, whose fragments have been emitted during the explosion.
    Description: Italian Civil Protection
    Description: Published
    Description: L07620
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Stromboli ; geochemical precursors ; CO2 flux ; pH ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 20
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    Comment on ‘‘Recent eruptive history of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy) determined from high-accuracy archeomagnetic dating’’ by S. Arrighi et al. (2008)
    AGU
    In:  Arrighi, S., M. Rosi, J.-C. Tanguy, and V. Courtillot (2004), Recent eruptive history of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy) determined from high accuracy archeomagnetic dating, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L19603, doi:10.1029/2004GL020627.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Arrighi et al. [2004] (hereinafter referred to as AR2004) recently reported paleomagnetic directions gathered from Stromboli volcano by using the unconventional "large sample method" (LSM). These directions are partly different and have smaller confidence cones than those previously reported by Speranza et al. [2004] (hereinafter referred to as SP2004) for the same spatter lavas by using the traditional (core-drilling and systematic stepwise demagnetization) paleomagnetic technique. Hence AR2004 conclude that "traditional paleomagnetic sampling cannot yield sufficient precision", and is therefore unsuitable to study the paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field recorded in volcanics, and to use it as a dating tool. Here we contend that the laboratory procedures and analysis methods employed by AR2004 yield a fictitious improvement in statistical uncertainty. We conclude that the traditional paleomagnetic techniques provide a more realistic estimate of archeomagnetic dating and related uncertainties.
    Description: Published
    Description: L23306
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Secular variation ; Geomagnetic field ; Paleomagnetism ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    Evidence for a variable paleomagnetic lock-in depth in the Holocene sequence from the Salerno Gulf (Italy): Implications for ‘‘high-resolution’’ paleomagnetic dating (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on a paleomagnetic and rock magnetic study of two adjacent marine gravity cores from the Salerno Gulf (Italy), with measurements carried out on u-channel samples at 1-cm spacing. The cores recover a sedimentary sequence spanning, in the overlapping part, the last 6000 years and include a thick (1 m) pumice layer produced during the Somma-Vesuvius eruption of 79 A.D. Rock magnetic and lithostratigraphic data provide several tie-points for a detailed correlation between the two cores. Paleomagnetic data allow the determination of a well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization, with very similar stratigraphic trends and distinct features that can also be unambiguously correlated between the cores. However, the comparison of the various data sets points out that the paleomagnetic lock-in depth in the two adjacent cores varies through the stratigraphic succession. We discuss the implication of such results for assessing the potential of high-resolution paleomagnetic studies in dating sedimentary sequences on the basis of paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field. In the studied case, the relative difference in the lock-in depth in the two cores causes ‘‘spreading’’ of the assigned paleomagnetic ages at a century scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q11013
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetic lock-in depth ; postdepositional remanent magnetization ; paleosecular variation ; age models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Sliding episodes during the 2002–2003 Stromboli lava effusion: Insights from seismic, volcanic, and statistical data analysis (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Repeated phenomena of flank instability accompanied the 28 December 2002 to 21 July 2003 eruption of Stromboli volcano. The major episodes were two tsunamigenic landslides on 30 December 2002, 2 d after the volcano unrest. After 30 December, sliding processes remodeled the area affected by slope instability.We propose analyses of 565 sliding episodes taking place from December 2002 to February 2003.We try to shed light on their main seismic features and links with the ongoing seismic and volcanic activity using variogram analysis as well. A characterization of the seismic signals in the time and frequency domains is presented for 185 sliding episodes. Their frequency content is between 1 Hz and 7 Hz. On the basis of the dominant peaks and shape of the spectrum, we identify three subclasses of signals, one of which has significant energy below 2 Hz. Low-frequency signatures were also found in the seismic records of the landslides of 30 December, which affected the aerial and submarine northwestern flank of the volcano. Accordingly, we surmise that spectral analysis might provide evidence of sliding phenomena with submarine runouts.We find no evidence of sliding processes induced by earthquakes. Additionally, a negative statistical correlation between sliding episodes and explosion quakes is highlighted by variogram analysis. Variograms indicate a persistent behavior, memory, of the flank instability from 5 to 10 d.We interpret the climax in the occurrence rate of the sliding processes between 24 and 29 January 2003 as the result of favorable conditions to slope instability due to the emplacement of NW-SE aligned, dike-fed vents located near the scarp of the landslide area. Afterward, the stabilizing effect of the lava flows over the northwestern flank of the volcano limited erosive phenomena to the unstable, loose slope not covered by lava.
    Description: This work was supported financially by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and Dipartimento per la Protezione Civile, project INGV-DPC V4/02.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q04022
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: rockfalls ; seismicity ; volcanoes ; volcano collapses ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 23
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    Holocene eruptive history of the Stromboli volcano: Constraints from paleomagnetic dating (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on paleomagnetic directions gathered from 33 sites from (mostly Holocene) volcanics from Stromboli, loosely dated at present by few K/Ar and 14C ages. In order to provide dating, the paleomagnetic directions were compared to the Holocene paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field for the Mediterranean region, derived from direct geomagnetic observations and several archeomagnetic-paleomagnetic data sets. Petrochemical analyses from the paleomagnetic specimens revealed that each Holocene eruptive cycle of Stromboli was characterized by peculiar chemical characteristics. We suggest that before the 20th century AD paroxysms, powerful spatter-forming eruption(s) occurred during the 17th century AD, followed by three centuries of less energetic eruptions, when spattering was limited to the summit cones. A robust data set (4 sites, 52 samples) from the S. Bartolo flow, partially buried below the Stromboli village, constrains its age to 360 BC to 7 AD, in Greek-Roman times. The ca. 6200 years BP age inferred for a scoria exposed below a characteristic pyroclastic succession suggests its correlation with the Secche di Lazzaro pyroclastics, a major phreatomagmatic eruption occurring during the 6th millennium BP, synchronous with the major volcanotectonic collapse of the Sciara del Fuoco. Ages were provided for many lavas from the Neostromboli sequence (including the Labronzo, Nel Cannestrà, and Ginostra flows), indicating that huge effusive activity from lateral fissures fed by an evolving magma chamber occurred in the 6200–8000 years BP time window. The absence of volcanics with ages comprised between the 6th millennium BP and 400 BC implies a puzzling three-millennia "eruption gap" at Stromboli.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09101
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; palaeomagnetism ; Holocene eruptive history ; secular variation of the geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism
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  • 24
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    Coupled Greenhouse Warming and Deep Sea Acidification in the Middle Eocene (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) is an enigmatic warming event that represents an abrupt reversal in long-term cooling through the Eocene. In order to further assess the timing and nature of this event, we have assembled stable isotope and calcium carbonate concentration records from multiple Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program sites for the time interval between ~43 and 38 Ma. Revised stratigraphy at several sites and compilation of δ18O records place peak warming during the MECO event at 40.0 Ma (Chron C18n.2n). The identification of the δ18O excursion at sites in different geographic regions indicates that the climatic effects of this event were globally extensive. The total duration of the MECO event is estimated at ~500 kyr, with peak warming lasting 〈100 kyr. Assuming minimal glaciation in the late middle Eocene, ~4 to 6ºC total warming of both surface and deep waters is estimated during the MECO at the study sites. Maximum warming at ~40.0 Ma also coincided with a world-wide decline in carbonate accumulation at sites below 3000 m depth, reflecting a temporary shoaling of the calcite compensation depth. The synchroneity of deep-water acidification and globally extensive warming makes a persuasive argument that the MECO event was linked to a transient increase in atmospheric pCO2. The results of this study confirm previous reports of significant climatic instability during the middle Eocene. Furthermore, the direct link between warming and changes in the carbonate chemistry of the deep ocean provides strong evidence that changes in greenhouse gas concentrations exerted a primary control on short-term climate variability during this critical period of Eocene climate evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: PA2207
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: ODP ; Eocene ; stable isotope ; abrupt/rapid climate change ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 25
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    Anomalous magmatic degassing prior to the 5th April 2003 paroxysm on Stromboli (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A major explosion occurred at Stromboli on April 5 2003, being the most powerful event over a period of exceptional eruptive activity lasting from December to July. Here, we describe results from a network of diffusive tubes set up on the Stromboli’s summit area, aimed at a characterisation of plume composition (SO2, HCl, HF) prior to and after April 5. Data analysis revealed anomalous sulphur degassing 2–3 days before the event, when SO2/HCl ratios (9) significantly higher than those typical of quiescent degassing (1) were recorded. We interpret this exceptional plume signature as an evidence of S-rich magmas ascending in the shallow plumbing system, and propose high SO2/HCl as a potential precursor of major explosions on the volcano. The post-April 5 phase was characterised by time-decreasing SO2/HCl and SO2/HF plume ratios, ascribed to declining magma feeding as a prelude to restoration of ‘‘normal’’ Strombolian activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: L14607
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: magmatic degassing ; paroxysm ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 26
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    Seismological insight into the kinematics of the 5 April 2003 vulcanian explosion at Stromboli volcano (southern Italy) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 5 April 2003 at 07:13 GMT (09:13 local time) a violent vulcanian explosion occurred at Stromboli volcano. At the time of the event an eruptive crisis was ongoing at the volcano with a lava flow outpouring along the Sciara del Fuoco flank. The seismic signals related to the event were recorded by 8 permanent broadband stations and gives information about the eruption kinematics. An ultra-longperiod signal (period 〉 20 s), that we interpret as the effect of the ground tilt on the broadband sensors, starts about 4 min before and terminates about 1 min after the explosion. On the basis of the radial pattern of tilt directions we conclude that this signal is the effect of the deformation of the volcanic edifice, due to the rapid rising of a batch of magma, its ejection and the magma column readjustment. About 1 min before the explosion we observe an high frequency signal (period 〈 0.1 s) that we believe to be related to the vesiculation of the rising batch of gas-rich magma. At 07:13:35 GMT a powerful very-long-period signal (period 2 20 s), marking the onset of the explosive fragmentation, is recorded. This is confirmed by a blast wave following few seconds later. The remaining seismic signal (more than 3 min), shows an higher frequency content being related only to the fall of ballistic ejecta and to landslides along Sciara del Fuoco.We propose the implementation of an early warning system for the short-term forecast of such explosions, based on the real-time automatic detection of the tilt signals preceding such events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08308
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 27
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    Analysis of the 2001 lava flow eruption of Mt. Etna from three-dimensional mapping (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2001 Etna eruption was characterized by a complex temporal evolution with the opening of seven eruptive fissures, each feeding different lava flows. This work describes a method adopted to obtain the three-dimensional geometry of the whole lava flow field and for the reconstruction, based on topographic data, of the temporal evolution of the largest lava flow emitted from a vent located at 2100 m a.s.l. Preeruption and posteruption Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were extracted from vector contour maps. Comparison of the two DEMs and analysis of posteruption orthophotos allowed us to estimate flow area, thickness, and bulk volume. Additionally, the two-dimensional temporal evolution of the 2100 flow was precisely reconstructed by means of maps compiled during the eruption. These data, together with estimates of flow thickness, allowed us to evaluate emitted lava volumes and in turn the average volumetric flow rates The analysis performed in this paper provided, a total lava bulk volume of 40.1 106 m3 for the whole lava flow field, most of which emitted from the 2100 vent (21.4 106 m3). The derived effusion rate trend shows an initial period of waxing flow followed by a longer period of waning flow. This is in agreement not only with the few available effusion rate measurements performed during the eruption, but also with the theoretical model of Wadge (1981) for the temporal variation in discharge during the tapping of a pressurized source
    Description: Published
    Description: F02029
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna ; 2001 eruption ; three-dimensional mapping ; lava volume ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 28
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    Magnetic stratigraphy of Kimmeridgian-Aptian sections from Umbria-Marche (Italy): New details on the M polarity sequence (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The magnetic stratigraphy of the Maiolica and Calcari ad Aptici pelagic limestones is documented from four Umbro-Marchean land sections (Italy). The overall biostratigraphic age of the sampled strata encompasses the whole Kimmeridgian–Lower Aptian. The data were gathered from two new sections (Arcevia, Contessa) and by resampling more densely than in the past two additional classical sections (Bosso, Gorgo a Cerbara). A detailed record of the polarity chrons M21n-M14 and M9-M0 was derived, and no difference was observed with respect to the sequence of M polarity chrons inferred from oceanic magnetic anomalies. Barely measurable remanent magnetization from chron M14 to M10n at Contessa concurred with previous evidence from Bosso, indicating that the Maiolica from Umbria-Marche is characterized by a "recording gap" during chrons M14n to M11, possibly due to diagenetic magnetite dissolution related to the Late Valanginian carbon isotope event. At Arcevia and Bosso, the boundary between Maiolica and Calcari ad Aptici occurs at the top of chron M19n and in the upper part of chron M20n, respectively, showing that the onset of Maiolica sedimentation may be diachronous by 1.5–2 Myr along the Umbria-Marche domain. Arcevia is the most expanded Mid-Upper Tithonian land section documented so far. Here, the subchrons M20n-1 and M19n-1 are found to represent 3.2% and 10.1% in time of chrons M20n and M19n, respectively. Evidence is also provided for a reversal excursion occurring within the M20n-1 subchron. At Bosso, an excursion and a reversal excursion were found within chrons M16n and M16, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: B12109
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Umbria ; Marche ; Magnetic stratigraphy ; Mesozoic ; M polarity sequence ; Maiolica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 29
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    Link between major flank slip and 2002–2003 eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy) (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 Etna eruption is studied through earthquake distributions and surface fracturing. In September 2002, earthquake-induced surface rupture (sinistral offset 0.48 m) occurred along the E-W striking Pernicana Fault (PF), on the NE flank. In late October, a flank eruption accompanied further ( 0.77 m) surface rupturing, reaching a total sinistral offset of 1.25 m; the deformation then propagated for 18 km eastwards to the coastline (sinistral offset 0.03 m) and southwards, along the NW-SE striking Timpe (dextral offset 0.04 m) and, later, Trecastagni faults (dextral offset 0.035 m). Seismicity (〈4 km bsl) on the E flank accompanied surface fracturing: fault plane solutions indicate an overall ESEWNWextension direction, consistent with ESE slip of the E flank also revealed by ground fractures. A three-stage model of flank slip is proposed: inception (September earthquake), climax (accelerated slip and eruption) and propagation (E and S migration of the deformation).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2286
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcano seismology ; surface fracturing ; flank slip ; eruption ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 30
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    Unknown
    The Most Ancient Maps of Erupting Mount Etna (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two previously unpublished maps were retrieved during historical research concerning the historical activity of Etna depicting the eruption which started in December 1634 and continued until 1636. The two drawings, one of which is in colour and the other in ink and sepia water colour, accompany two reports by Jesuits, who were eye-witnesses to the phenomenon. The description of the volcano and the ongoing lava flows was made independently by the two Jesuits, with the help of expert local guides. These two maps represent the first cartography of active Etna hitherto known of.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2-5
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical volcanology ; Etna ; Ancient eruption Maps ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 31
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    The ‘‘Sirente crater field,’’ Italy, revisited (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A scientific debate has developed in the last few years as to whether a 130 m diameter sag pond surrounded by a saddle-shaped rim and neighboring smaller sags from the Sirente Plain (Abruzzi, Italy) represent the only known Italian meteoritic crater field, a mud volcano, or an anthropogenic feature. To decipher the nature of the Sirente landforms, we carried out geophysical and geochemical investigations. Geoelectric profiles document two karstified shelf carbonate ridges lying at 10–40 m depth below calcareous lacustrine silts (and deeper more conductive sediments, likely soils/tephra) filling the plain. The smaller sags lie just above the ridges, implying a karstic origin, whereas the main sag (also resting above a carbonate ridge) shows no roots in excess of 10–20 m depth, in contrast to the "crater" interpretation. High-resolution magnetic surveys reveal negative/positive anomaly stripes in correspondence with the buried ridges/ valleys, respectively. The smaller sags, as well as the main crater are located in the domain of negative residuals. The positive long-wavelength magnetic signature is likely due to the strongly susceptive soils/tephra filling the buried valleys. Magnetic modeling shows that the field observed over the crater is incompatible with the field generated by a buried meteorite with realistic characteristics. The smaller sags are characterized by small magnetic anomaly couplets, perfectly reproducible considering the susceptibility contrast between the fill-in soil and the surrounding silts. Our data show that the Sirente crater and the minor depressions are simply the results of human activity and karstic processes, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: B03103
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sirente ; Abruzzi ; meteoritic craters ; magnetic anomalies ; geoelectric profiles ; magnetic modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 32
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    Unknown
    Slope Failures Induced by the December 2002 Eruption at Stromboli Volcano (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-15
    Description: We reconstruct the sequence of landslides that occurred soon after the beginning of the December 2002 eruption on the NW flank of Stromboli volcano. Landslides involved the northeastern part of the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) slope, an old collapse scar filled by products of volcanic activity, producing tsunami waves that severely damaged the coast of the island of Stromboli. Volumes of the mass detached from the subaerial and submarine slope were quantified by comparing preslide and postslide slope surfaces obtained by aerophotogrammetric and bathymetric data, which also allowed, in conjunction with field observations and helicopter surveys, the reconstruction of geometry and kinematics of landslides. According to the reconstructed sequence, 2 d after the beginning of the eruption, the upper part of the NE sector of the SdF slope experienced major displacements (few tens of meters). Movements propagated downslope and affected the nearshore portion of the submerged slope without a rapid sliding of the displaced mass into the sea. The following hours were characterized by a progressive increase of deformations, localized along shear zones extending over two thirds of the subaerial slope. This phase proceeded until a submarine slide about 6 ´ 106 m3 in volume occurred, causing a first tsunami wave. The subaerial mass delimited by the shear zones and unbuttressed at its foot, then slipped into the sea producing a second tsunami wave. The main landslide event (and the minor slumps which followed) removed a volume of about 10 ´ 106 m3 of the infilling deposit, to a thickness of at least 65 m. Hypotheses were formulated on the mechanisms that controlled the different phases of the instability sequence. Since hydraulic and stress/strain conditions progressively changed during the slope evolution, the formulated mechanisms are also based on geotechnical analyses and considerations on the mechanical behavior of volcaniclastic materials. The process that led to the landslide events was initiated by forces exerted by magma intruded into the slope, while further steps of the evolution of slope stability conditions (especially the submarine failure) were controlled by the particular shear behavior of the volcaniclastic material, mainly influenced by grain crushability. In fact, strength progressively decreased as shear strains proceeded, and the intensely sheared saturated material forming the submarine slope may have become susceptible of failure when sudden strain/ stress increments occurred.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Slope Failures Induced by Eruption ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 33
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    Unknown
    Timing and magnitude of rotations in the frontal thrust systems of southwestern Sicily (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-08
    Description: We report new paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from upper Tortonian to middle Pleistocene sediments which were deposited upon and adjacent to active thrust structures in southwestern Sicily. The data show that the Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the Belice and Menfi basins (covering the Saccense shelf limestones) underwent any internal shortening after the early Pleistocene (Santernian), as well as any net rotation. Sediments around this area (which overlie basinal Meso-Cenozoic successions) record systematic rotations: one upper Tortonian site to the west is ~30° counterclockwise rotated, while to the east, lower Pliocene to middle lower Pleistocene sites within the Gela Nappe domain show 25° to 56° clockwise (CW) rotations. These data show that the ductile basinal sediments were bent and rotated around the rigid Saccense carbonates during the thin-skinned southward propagation of the orogenic front. We document here that the coastal sediments from the southwestern Gela Nappe underwent both a post middle early Pleistocene ~30° CW rotation and a post middle Pleistocene E-W to ESE-WNW flattening (revealed by AMS). Our data then constrain to the late Pleistocene-Holocene the age of the last shortening episode occurring in the southwestern Gela Nappe front. Pleistocene rotations of similar amount also characterize the Sicanian domain, implying that it was incorporated in the Gela Nappe wedge during the recentmost episodes of deformation. This evidence allows us to better understand the very large (up to 114°) post Mesozoic rotations reported by Channell et al. [1980, 1990] for the Sicanian limestones, as related to both Miocene (or older?) deformational episodes and the Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the Gela Nappe.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1178-1197
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; tectonic rotations ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 34
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    Unknown
    Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Description: Published
    Description: D06311
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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