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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-08-01
    Description: This historical seismology study examines and supplements what is currently known from written sources and archaeological literature about the earthquakes that took place in the area of L’Aquila (central Italy), struck by a damaging earthquake on 6 April 2009 ( M w  6.3), from the ancient Roman period to the late Middle Ages (first through fifteenth century A.D.). The persistence and magnitude of earthquakes in this area has had a strong bearing on the economy and culture of the communities that resided there, a fact borne out by historical accounts. The goal of this revision is to prompt thinking about earthquakes missing from the hazard estimates as well as on return periods for destructive earthquakes in the area. It presents a critical collation of data previously scattered among historical catalogs and writings. Ten earthquakes are examined for their historical and cultural background with a view to highlighting the existence of written sources and explaining both the quality of the available data and the information shortfall. We also show the limits and uncertainty of the information available, coming as it does from tersely written texts giving patchy coverage. This state of knowledge is due either to sources being lost or in certain centuries not being produced (there is a millennium of "lost" earthquakes) and to the present state of historical and archaeological research in this field. The historical and archaeological data we present are often poor/hard to quantify. Yet they are known and hence pose the problem of how to improve the earthquake catalogs and devise new quantitative approaches to hazard estimation based on multi-disciplinary dialog.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-08-01
    Description: This historical seismology study examines and supplements what is currently known from written sources and archaeological literature about the earthquakes that took place in the area of L'Aquila (central Italy), struck by a damaging earthquake on 6 April 2009 (M (sub w) 6.3), from the ancient Roman period to the late Middle Ages (first through fifteenth century A.D.). The persistence and magnitude of earthquakes in this area has had a strong bearing on the economy and culture of the communities that resided there, a fact borne out by historical accounts. The goal of this revision is to prompt thinking about earthquakes missing from the hazard estimates as well as on return periods for destructive earthquakes in the area. It presents a critical collation of data previously scattered among historical catalogs and writings. Ten earthquakes are examined for their historical and cultural background with a view to highlighting the existence of written sources and explaining both the quality of the available data and the information shortfall. We also show the limits and uncertainty of the information available, coming as it does from tersely written texts giving patchy coverage. This state of knowledge is due either to sources being lost or in certain centuries not being produced (there is a millennium of "lost" earthquakes) and to the present state of historical and archaeological research in this field. The historical and archaeological data we present are often poor/hard to quantify. Yet they are known and hence pose the problem of how to improve the earthquake catalogs and devise new quantitative approaches to hazard estimation based on multi-disciplinary dialog.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: Historical earthquake catalogs are one of the building blocks for the assessment of seismic hazard. Despite many years of research in the archives, many earthquakes remain poorly known. New sources of informationare hence required.Among these, historical buildings are witnesses of natural catastrophes recorded in their walls as structural disorders, repairs, and restorations. Our project aims to study past earthquakes using buildings as “stone seismometers”, analyzing the seismic ground motions required to explain building repairs/disorders, or their absence. The goal is to demonstrate that archaeological characterization of post-seismic repairs on buildings can be successfully used to infer key ground motion and earthquake source characteristics of historical earthquakes.An interdisciplinary connecting “ArChaeology, inventory of RecOnstruction, Seismology and Structural engineering” (ACROSS) is introduced to gain such knowledge. Based on innovative techniques to inventory repairs in the building archaeology; seismic input signals consistent with the seismotectonic context; digital building models implementing realistic geometry and construction materials as well as robust modelling of masonry behaviour, the ACROSS method is declined in five steps, 1. Collecting the data produced by the archaeology of the buildings and the study of historical sources.2. Identification of damage mechanisms. 3. Definition of the digital building model used for seismic dynamic analysis.4. Comparison of the numerical analysis results, based on previous steps, with repairs and damage mechanisms.The method is applied to six bell towers located in the Mugello basin (Tuscany, Italy). They were affected by many historical earthquakes at least from the middle of the 16th century.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: The climate has always been subject to changes, and these have often caused trouble and posed unexpected threats. People have had to adapt by finding socially, culturally and economically adequate answers. Based on authoritative scientific and historical studies, this book explores the civilizations that have called the Mediterranean their home during the last 3,000 years, and makes their history accessible to a wide readership. Aided by a group of researchers, the authors aim not only to delineate climatic trends and their social repercussions through the centuries, but also to address the ideas and theories set forth by thinkers since time immemorial. This book gives voice to ancient Greek and Latin philosophers, medieval encyclopedists (Christian and Arab), intellectuals of the modern era and the Enlightenment, and exponents of nineteenth-century positivism. Ancient and recent Mediterranean civilizations alike concerned themselves with weather forecasts, the climate and health, and the relationship between climate and the environment: they have elaborated on these issues and come up with answers since antiquity. Casting light on largely unexplored aspects of history, this journey through time works its way to the present global warming. The new challenge that lies before us is best assessed in a perspective of “historical climate change,” to which the doings of humankind are adding great momentum.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: open
    Keywords: climate history ; climatic change ; historical Mediterranean cultures ; social answers ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-10-09
    Description: This historical seismology study examines and supplements what is currently known from written sources and archaeological literature about the earthquakes that took place in the area of L’Aquila (central Italy), struck by a damaging earthquake on 6 April 2009 (Mw 6.3), from the ancient Roman period to the late Middle Ages (first through fifteenth century A.D.). The persistence and magnitude of earthquakes in this area has had a strong bearing on the economy and culture of the communities that resided there, a fact borne out by historical accounts. The goal of this revision is to prompt thinking about earthquakes missing from the hazard estimates as well as on return periods for destructive earthquakes in the area. It presents a critical collation of data previously scattered among historical catalogs and writings. Ten earthquakes are examined for their historical and cultural background with a view to highlighting the existence of written sources and explaining both the quality of the available data and the information shortfall. We also show the limits and uncertainty of the information available, coming as it does from tersely written texts giving patchy coverage. This state of knowledge is due either to sources being lost or in certain centuries not being produced (there is a millennium of “lost” earthquakes) and to the present state of historical and archaeological research in this field. The historical and archaeological data we present are often poor/hard to quantify. Yet they are known and hence pose the problem of how to improve the earthquake catalogs and devise new quantitative approaches to hazard estimation based on multi-disciplinary dialog.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1600-1617
    Description: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ancient and medieval earthquakes ; L'Aquila area ; archaeological and epigraphic data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: La risposta sismica all’interno di un’area ridotta, come quella urbana, può avere un carattere ricorrente, anche a causa di terremoti diversi? La domanda non è banale e presuppone di confrontare diversi scenari di danni avvenuti in una stessa area urbana, in periodi diversi. Il tentativo di evidenziare su base storica se esiste una risposta sismica tipica dell’Aquila ci ha suggerito di localizzare a scala di edifici i danni subiti per due terremoti, ben documentati nella storia della città. Sono stati scelti gli eventi sismici del novembre 1461 (Me 6.3, come il terremoto del 6 aprile 2009 e come questo preceduto da mesi di scosse) e il terremoto del 2 febbraio 1703 (Me 6.7). Questo ultimo grande evento sismico seguì di pochi giorni altri due violenti terremoti, accaduti il 14 e 16 gennaio 1703, che colpirono l’Umbria meridionale e il Lazio settentrionale. Gli effetti all’Aquila sono classificati per il terremoto del 1461 di IX grado MCS e per quello del febbraio 1703 di X MCS. Il primo epicentro è situato nella media valle del fiume Aterno, a sud-est rispetto alla città; il secondo si trova a 12 km a nord-ovest dell’Aquila. Si tratta quindi di sorgente sismiche diverse. Per entrambi questi due disastrosi eventi i danni agli edifici importanti della città (chiese, palazzi, monasteri) sono descritti da fonti contemporanee con elevato dettaglio, elemento che consente di delineare i due scenari di danno in modo preciso, rendendo confrontabili di dati. Le due mappe consentono quindi di paragonare gli effetti urbani anche con quelli causati dal terremoto del 2009, fornendo indicazioni importanti sulla risposta sismica dell’Aquila.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Facoltà di Economia “Federico Caffè”, Università Roma Tre Via Silvio d’amico, 77 - Roma
    Description: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: L'Aquila ; seismic effects ; heritage buildings ; 1461 ; 1703 ; 2009 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 7
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    Dipartimento della Protezione Civile - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il terremoto del 1908 causò una perdita irreparabile del patrimonio storico e artistico delle due città dello Stretto. Monumenti crollati e parti di monumenti superstiti demoliti dopo il terremoto, per lasciare spazio a nuove aree previste dai piani regolatori, portarono a un azzeramento impressionante dell’eredità storica urbana di Messina e di Reggio Calabria: un’eredità già depauperata da precedenti terremoti distruttivi, ma ancora fruibile prima del 1908. I danni a chiese, monasteri e palazzi sono qui descritti sulla base di relazioni ufficiali e fonti d’archivio, che mettono in luce importanti elementi della loro preesistente e poco nota vulnerabilità.
    Description: Published
    Description: 333-392
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Messina ; Reggio Calabria ; edifici monumentali ; effetti sismici ; terremoto del 1908 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 1224 Mt. Etna eruption is a significant event both in terms of the mass of erupted materials and because it involved the lower eastern slope of the volcano, reaching down to the sea. Nevertheless, it is unknown to current historical catalogues. According to the historical sources, only two other lava flows actually reached as far as the sea: in 396 BC, just north of the present-day inhabited area of Acireale, according to the geological data alone, and in 1669, when the lava covered the south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna and damaged Catania. We present and discuss the two medieval sources that attest to the eruption of 1224 and make available the original texts. Furthermore, through the close analysis of the historical and topographic context of the Etna area, taking account of the roads and ports in the early 13th century, we have tried to single out the possible area of the lava's outlet into the sea in 1224 on historical grounds. A repeat of an eruption similar to that of 1224 would have a serious impact to day as the coast is densely populated.
    Description: Published
    Description: 693-700
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical volcanology ; Etna ; medieval eruptions ; historical catalogues ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: La città di Catania conserva nella sua storia urbana i segni di disastri naturali che l’hanno profondamente colpita. L’attuale città storica è il risultato delle radicali trasformazioni dovute alla ricostruzione seguita ai terremoti del 9-11 gennaio 1693, che imposero profondi cambiamenti anche a molte località della Sicilia orientale. Ma la ricostruzione di Catania e le nuove linee di sviluppo urbano furono condizionate da una grande eruzione dell’Etna, avvenuta meno di trent’anni prima, nel marzo-luglio 1669. Il nostro intervento intende mettere in luce la dinamica e gli effetti sulla città di tale grandioso evento, la localizzazione, la durata, la vastità del territorio occupato dalla lava. Per comprendere questo impatto occorre ricordare che ci fu la distruzione pressoché totale di 27 paesi etnei, più o meno grandi, tra casali capoluogo e frazioni, e danni ad altri sette centri abitati importanti. Catania, investita dalla lava nel suo lato ovest, dovette subito affrontare un’emergenza, le cui necessità cambiarono velocemente in relazione all’andamento dell’evento. La città, rispetto all’Etna, era percepita come un luogo privo di rischi. L’impatto sociale e culturale fu quindi altissimo: la città dovette freneticamente accogliere circa 20.000 sfollati (due terzi in più della sua popolazione, di circa 30.000 abitanti). Nel giro di qualche settimana, Catania stessa, messa in pericolo dalla lava, cominciò a spopolarsi, tanto che solo il 10% degli abitanti rimase dentro le mura. Il bilancio finale urbano fu pesantissimo: 730 case ed edifici bruciati dalla lava o demoliti, per la maggior parte nell’area urbana interna alle mura; danni e crolli alla maggior parte delle strutture di fortificazione. A sud-est, la lava che per molte settimane si era riversata in mare, aveva cancellato il dislivello di terreno che costituiva un baluardo difensivo naturale e aveva spostato verso il mare la linea di costa. Duraturi e condizionanti sul piano territoriale e urbanistico furono gli effetti dell’eruzione, tanto che quest’evento è considerato dagli storici come il momento di definitiva rottura dell’equilibrio tra la città e il suo territorio rurale circostante. Catania venne infatti a trovarsi ‘chiusa’ da una distesa di lave solidificate a ovest, da nord a sud fino al mare, e con una lunga insenatura di sciare che si inoltrava nel mare per più di un chilometro. Ciò impedì definitivamente l’espansione della rete insediativa a occidente, un’area che prima del 1669 sembrava destinata a ospitare un ampliamento della città, considerato che a est c’era il mare, a nord-est le sciare antiche, e a sud l’area paludosa del fiume Simeto. L’unica espansione possibile poté quindi svilupparsi verso nord. Questo fu un elemento che condizionò notevolmente il piano urbanistico realizzato poi per la ricostruzione di Catania dopo i terremoti del gennaio 1693.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Facoltà di Economia “Federico Caffè”, Università Roma Tre Via Silvio d’amico, 77 - Roma
    Description: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; urban development ; Catania ; 1669 eruption ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two previously unpublished maps were retrieved during historical research concerning the historical activity of Etna depicting the eruption which started in December 1634 and continued until 1636. The two drawings, one of which is in colour and the other in ink and sepia water colour, accompany two reports by Jesuits, who were eye-witnesses to the phenomenon. The description of the volcano and the ongoing lava flows was made independently by the two Jesuits, with the help of expert local guides. These two maps represent the first cartography of active Etna hitherto known of.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2-5
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical volcanology ; Etna ; Ancient eruption Maps ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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