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  • Articles  (4,964)
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  • Humans  (4,614)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (350)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: On 3rd November 2002, at about 3 km off-shore of Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy), a series of gas vents suddenly and violently opened from the seafloor at the depth of 10-15 m, with an unusually high gas flux and superimposing on the already existing submarine fumarolic field. Starting from the 12th November 2002 a discontinuous geochemical monitoring program was carried out. The emissions consisted in an emulsion whose liquid phase derived from condensation of an uprising vapor phase occurring close to the fluid outlets without significant contamination by seawater. The whole composition of the fluids was basically H2O- and CO2-dominated, with minor amounts of typical «hydrothermal» components (such as H2S, H2, CO and light hydrocarbons), atmospheric-related compounds, and characterized by the occurrence of a significant magmatic gas fraction (mostly represented by SO2, HCl and HF). According to the observed temporal variability of the fluid compositions, between November and December 2002 the hydrothermal feeding system was controlled by oxidizing conditions due to the input of magmatic gases. The magmatic degassing phenomena showed a transient nature, as testified by the almost complete disappearance of the magmatic markers in a couple of months and by the restoration, since January 2003, of the chemical features of the existing hydrothermal system. The most striking feature of the evolution of the «Panarea degassing event» was the relatively rapid restoration of the typical reducing conditions of a stationary hydrothermal system, in which the FeO/Fe1.5O redox pair of the rock mineral phases has turned to be the dominating redox controlling system.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Aeolian Islands ; Panarea ; submarine fumaroles ; gas chemistry ; geochemical monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Description: Published
    Description: D06311
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-06-08
    Description: The crater of “La Fossa” at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) since the last eruption, occurred in 1890, is characterized by an intense fumarolic activity. The main fumarolic field is located on the north flank of the inner crater, whereas the release of water vapour from soil spans all over the entire vent, including the sea-facing slopes. The steepest slopes of La Fossa crater have been interested during the last 20 years by instability phenomena, the most important of which was a landslide detached from the sea-facing NE flank in 1988, during the most significant volcanic unrest that affected Vulcano Island in recent times. The search for a possible link between volcanic activity and landslides has been the object of several recent studies, carried out since 2004 within the research activities promoted by the Italian Civil Protection Department, mainly focused on the role played by space and time variability of the fumarolic activity as a possible trigger for flank instability. The triggering mechanisms should be linked to the circulation of water of volcanic origin, deriving from the underground condensation of vapour, able to modify the geo-technical parameters of the volcanic products and/or to create detachment surfaces over which or from which landslides could be generated. The spatial extension of the water vapour release from the soil, with specific reference to the slopes affected in the past by mass movements, has been reconstructed by ground-based and airborne remote-sensed thermal surveys. Once located, a network of continuous monitoring stations has been installed on the main soil thermal anomalies, collecting data of temperature at different depths and suction, with the aim of ascertaining the existence of variations in the water content of the soil due to endogenous sources. The preliminary data acquired show a good correlation between soil temperature and suction, highlighting how their variations seems to be directly linked to the activity level of the volcanic system and, at least, confirming the possible role of water deriving from condensation of volcanic vapour as a trigger for slope instability.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna (Austria)
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Vulcano Island ; Fumarole ; Suction ; Soil temperature ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The primary objective of this publication is to share with a wider audience the valuable information and extensive dialogue that took place amongst over 140 individuals who attended the second in a series of planned workshops on the science and management of coastal landforms in Massachusetts. This workshop took place at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on January 24, 2001. The individuals who attended this workshop are actively engaged in planning, managing, regulating, engineering, educating, and studying coastal landforms and their beneficial functions. This workshop titled, Can Humans & Coastal Landforms Co-exist?’, was a natural follow-up to a previous workshop, Coastal Landform Management in Massachusetts, held at WHOI October 9-10, 1997 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-98-16). The workshop had a very practical, applied focus, providing state-of-the-art scientific understanding of coastal landform function, case history management and regulation of human activities proposed on coastal landforms, a multi-faceted mock conservation commission hearing presented by practicing technical consultants and attorneys that involved all attendees acting as regulators in breakout sessions, and, at the conclusion of the workshop, an open discussion on all issues related to the science and management of coastal landforms, including future research needs.
    Description: Funding for these proceedings was provided by WHOI Sea Grant and the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under NOAA Grant No. M10-2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. NA86R60075.
    Keywords: Coastal ; Landforms ; Humans
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: We present the first results of long- term monitoring of temperature profiles at the Campi Flegrei caldera. The measurements were carried out along a 76 meters-deep borehole already equipped with a borehole strain-meter. We installed a cable containing a loop of optical fiber in order to use a fiber-optics distributed sensor based on stimulated Brillouin scattering. The obtained data are consistent with results of both deep and surface geothermal explorations and indicate that geothermal gradient can be efficiently measured and monitored by the proposed technique.
    Description: I.N.G.V.
    Description: Published
    Description: Malta
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: MONITORING ; TEMPERATURE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: Ground deformations are observed in connection with volcanic activity, and therefore, geodetic monitoring can provide significant indication of changes of equilibrium conditions. The aim of this paper is to study the deformation of Mount Vesuvius (Italy) caused by overpressure sources at various depths, using a commercial (Ansys) 3D finite element code, in the framework of linear elastic isotropic material behavior. Both homogenous and heterogeneous media with carbonate basement were analyzed to understand the influence of topography on the ground deformations. The topography of the Somma-Vesuvius was taken into account, using a digital terrain model, and the carbonate basement was schematically modelled by assuming two horizontal layers with different Young moduli. The presence of a strong deviation from axially symmetric pattern of the displacement field, and of small subsidence areas, was found. These characteristics are completely unknown from the simple Mogi model and by simplified topography model, as verified by ad hoc simulations. These preliminary results, showing areas of the volcanic edifice experiencing high deformation, can improve the determination of the sources of deformations, i.e. the most relevant problem in the volcano monitoring. Moreover, the knowledge of the deformation pattern, including the topography effects, can provide significant indications to optimize the location of sensors and the characteristics needed to design an efficient and reliable geodetic monitoring network able to detect shallow intrusion events.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 178-186
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ground deformations ; Geodetic monitoring ; Topography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-03-02
    Description: A comparison between the ZPD (Zenith Path Delay), obtained from GPS measurements, and the expected delay, derived from models used to compensate tropospheric effects on SAR interferograms, is made. The results of the two methods are comparable, though the available data set is not large enough for a complete statistical validation of the methods. The results of this preliminary study suggest a possible integration of GPS-based ZPD data with cheap and standard meteorological data, since the estimated atmospheric component proved to be similar. Furthermore, the impact on volcanology of the effects measured by GPS, and in particular on the determination of the depth of the volcanic sources, is discussed.
    Description: MADVIEWS EC Project ENV4-CT96-0294
    Description: Published
    Description: 1343-1357
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: SAR ; GPS ; Tropospheric delay ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-02-16
    Description: full abstract in pdf
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Miyake-jima volcano ; lectromagnetic monitorin of volcano ; volcanomagnetic effect ; resistivity ; self potential ; thermal magnetic effect ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-11-09
    Description: The Colli Albani Volcano has recently developed particular interest in the geophysical community for some peculiar characteristics imputable to a recent residual volcanic activity, thus evidencing that it cannot be considered extinguished yet. On April 2006 an airborne laser scanning (ALS) survey of the Albano and Nemi craters has been carried out to obtain a high resolution digital terrain model (DTM) of the area. We have compared the accuracy of the ALS heights with those obtained by a fast GPS kinematic survey, obtaining maximum deviation within 50 cm. Then, we have integrated the ALS survey of the craters and the bathymetry of the Albano lake to achieve a complete DTM, useful for morphological studies. In addition, with a GNSS/RTK survey (July 2007) we have estimated the Albano and Nemi mean lake levels respectively at 288.16 m and 319.02 m (asl). Based on the integrated DTM and the newly estimated water level values, we have evaluated about 21.7 106 of m3 the water volume loss of the Albano lake from 1993 to 2007, with an average rate of about 1.6 106 m3/yr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 239-250
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Albano, Nemi, DTM, ALS survey ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
    Description: Several satellite techniques have been proposed to monitor events related to seismic and volcanic activity. A selfadaptive approach (RAT, Robust AVHRR Techniques) has recently been proposed which seems able to recognise space-time anomalies, differently related to such events, also in the presence of highly variable contributions from atmospheric (transmittance), surface (emissivity and morphology) and observational (time/season, but also solar and satellite zenithal angles) conditions. On the basis of NOAA-AVHRR data, the RAT aprroach has already been applied to Mount Etna volcanic ash cloud monitoring in daytime, and to seismic area monitoring in Southern Italy. This paper presents the theoretical basis for the extension of RAT approach also to nighttime volcanic ash cloud detection, together with its possible implementation to lava flow monitoring. One example of successful forecasting (few days before) of a new lava vent opening during the Mount Etna eruption of July 2001 will be discussed in some detail. Progress on the use of the same approach on seismically active area monitoring will be discussed by comparison with previous results achieved on the Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake (MS = 6.9), which occurred on November 23rd 1980 in Southern Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: lava flows ; volcanic ash clouds ; Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake ; Robust AVHRR Techniques ; TIR anomaly ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 3391955 bytes
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