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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases  (17)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
  • AGU  (12)
  • Springer-Verlag  (6)
  • Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (4)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Wiley
  • 2005-2009  (23)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
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    Volcanic sulphur dioxide fluxes from Etna, Vulcano and Stromboli measured with an automated scanning ultraviolet spectrometer (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-07
    Beschreibung: Stromboli made in July 2002 from fixed positions, using an automated plume scanning technique. Spectral data were collected using a miniature ultraviolet spectrometer, and SO2 column amounts were derived with a differential optical absorption spectroscopy evaluation routine. Scanning through the plume was enabled by a 45 turning mirror affixed to the shaft of a computer controlled stepper motor, so that scattered skylight from incremental angles within the horizon-to-horizon scans was reflected into the field of view of the spectrometer. Each scan lasted _5 min and, by combining these data with wind speeds, average fluxes of 940, 14, and 280 Mg d_1 were obtained for Etna, Vulcano, and Stromboli, respectively. For comparative purposes, conventional road and airborne traverses were also made using this spectrometer, yielding fluxes of 850, 17, and 210 Mg d_1. The automated scanning technique has the advantage of obviating the need for time-consuming traverses underneath the plume and is well suited for longer-term telemetered deployments to provide sustained high time resolution flux data.
    Beschreibung: Gruppo Nazionale per Vulcanolgia (GNV), the EC 5th Framework project ‘‘MULTIMO’’, and NERC grant GR9/04655
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2455
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic gas monitoring, remote sensing, SO2 emissions, DOAS,ultraviolet spectroscopy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Continuous soil CO2 and discrete plume SO2 measurements at Mt. Etna (Italy) during 1997-2000: a contribution to volcano monitoring (2005)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Continuous monitoring of soil CO2 dynamic concentration (which is proportional to the CO2 flux through the soil) was carried out at a peripheral site of Mt. Etna during the period November 1997 - September 2000 using an automated station. The acquired data were compared with SO2 flux from the summit craters measured two to three times a week during the same period. The high frequency of data acquisition with both methods allowed us to analyze in detail the time variations of both parameters. Anomalous high values of soil CO2 dynamic concentration always preceded periods of increased flux of plume SO2, and these in turn were followed by periods of summit eruptions. The variations were modeled in terms of gas efflux increase due to magma ascent to shallow depth and its consequent depressurization and degassing. This model is supported by data from other geophysical and volcanological parameters. The rates of increase both of soil CO2 dynamic concentration and of plume SO2 flux are interpreted to be positively correlated both to the velocity of magma ascent within the volcano and to lava effusion rate once magma is erupted at the surface. Low rates of the increase were recorded before the nine-month-long 1999 subterminal eruption. Higher rates of increase were observed before the violent summit eruption of September-November 1999, and the highest rates were observed during shorter and very frequent spike-like anomalies that preceded the sequence of short-lived but very violent summit eruptions that started in late January 2000 and continued until late June of the same year. Furthermore, the time interval between the peaks of CO2 and SO2 in a single sequence of gas anomalies is likely to be controlled by magma ascent velocity.
    Beschreibung: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche of Italy (C.N.R.)Gruppo Nazionale per la Vulcanologia.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 80-89
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; Soil CO2 emissions ; Plume SO2 flux ; COSPEC ; Continuous geochemical monitoring ; Eruptive activity ; Degassing model ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 535 bytes
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  • 3
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    Relationships between diffuse CO2 emissions and volcanic activity on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) during the period 1984–1994 (2006)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Measurements of CO2 flux from the ground were periodically carried out on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) between 1984 and 1994. Three high-flux areas were identified at the foot of the volcanic cone (La Fossa), either inside or very close to the main village. Effect of the choice of the sampling grid was evaluated. A different sampling grid resulted in similar distribution patterns, but with different CO2 fluxes. Therefore, the absolute estimate of the total flux from the investigated area includes a large degree of uncertainty, but repeated measurements with permanent sampling sites are accurate and can detect small changes. No correlation of the flux with atmospheric parameters was found at sites with high fluxes. Some periods characterized by high CO2 fluxes were observed, and a close correlation was found between the gas emissions from the ground and other geochemical and geophysical parameters such as temperature, chemical composition, steam, and SO2 flux from fumaroles, seismic energy release, and ground deformations. The results show that major temporal variations of diffuse CO2 flux are related to variations in volcanic activity.
    Beschreibung: Gruppo Nazionale per la Vulcanologia CNR Italy.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 219–228
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): CO2 ; Flux measurements ; Gas emissions ; Soil gas ; Volcanic activity ; Vulcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 535 bytes
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  • 4
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    Effects of a volcanic plume on thermal imaging data (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Ground-based thermal imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool for volcano surveillance, however the impact of volcanic plumes on quantitative measurements of surface temperature has not been previously evaluated. Here we use a radiative transfer model to simulate gas (primarily H2O and SO2) and aerosol absorptions over the path between a thermal camera and a heat source on Stromboli volcano, Italy. A FTIR spectrometer was used to quantify path amounts of gases likely to be encountered when making thermal measurements of the active craters. We find that when using a camera sensitive from 7.5 to 13 mm, underestimates of 400 K may be produced when viewing a source with an actual temperature of 1200 K. Cameras that operate between 3 and 5 mm are somewhat less susceptible to these errors.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L14311
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    The July-August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna (Sicily) (2008)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The July-August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna stimulated widespread public and media interest, caused significant damage to tourist facilities, and for several days threatened the town of Nicolosi on the S flank of the volcano. Seven eruptive fissures were active, five on the S flank between 3050 and 2100 m altitude, and two on the NE flank between 3080 and 2600 m elevation. All produced lava flows over various periods during the eruption, the most voluminous of which reached a length of 6.9 km. Mineralogically the 2001 lavas fall into two distinct groups, indicating that magma was supplied through two different and largely independent pathways, one extending laterally from the central conduit system through radial fissures, the other being a vertically ascending eccentric dike. Furthermore one of the eccentric vents, at 2570 m elevation, was the site of vigorous phreatomagmatic activity as the dike cut through a shallow aquifer, both during the intial and closing stages of the eruption. For six days the magma column feeding this vent was more or less effectively sealed from the aquifer, permitting powerful explosive and effusive magmatic activity. While the eruption was characterized by a highly dynamic evolution, complex interactions between some of the eruptive fissures, and changing eruptive styles, its total volume (~25 x 106 m3 of lava and 5-10 x 106 m3 of pyroclastics) was relatively small in comparison with other recent eruptions of Etna. Effusion rates were calculated on a daily basis and reached peaks of 14-16 m3 s-1 while the average effusion rate at all fissures was about 11 m3 s-1, which is not exceptionally high. The eruption showed a number of peculiar features, but none of these (except the contemporaneous lateral and eccentric activity) represented a significant deviation from Etna's eruptive behavior in the long term. However, the 2001 eruption could be but the first in a series of flank eruptions, some of which might be more voluminous and hazardous. Placed in a long-term context, the eruption confirms a distinct trend, initiated during the past 50 years, toward higher production rates and more frequent eruptions, which might bring Etna back to similar levels of activity as during the early to mid 17th century.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 461-476
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; 2001 eruption ; Lava flow-field evolution ; Central-lateral vs. eccentric activity ; Phreatomagmatism ; Eruption dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Constraints on mantle source and interactions from He-Sr isotope variation in Italian Plio-Quaternary volcanism (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Helium isotope ratios of olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts from Plio-Quaternary volcanic rocks from southern Italy (seven Aeolian Islands, Mt. Vulture, Etna, Ustica, and Pantelleria) range from 2.3 to 7.1 Ra. Importantly, the phenocryst 3He/4He correlate well with whole rock Sr isotopic composition (0.70309– 0.70711), reflecting the mixing of two sources. A significant contribution of He from crustal contamination is recorded only occasionally (e.g., pyroxenes from Vulcano). When merged with data from the Roman Comagmatic Province, a remarkably strong near-linear He-Sr isotope correlation is apparent. The general northward decrease in 3He/4He corresponds to an increase in 87Sr/86Sr (and a decrease in 143Nd/144Nd and 206Pb/204Pb) that is due to increasing metasomatic enrichment of the mantle wedge via subduction of the Ionian-Adriatic plate. Calculations based on the ingrowth of 4He in the wedge and on the 4He content of the subducting crust show that mechanisms of enrichment in radiogenic He are effective only if the wedge is strongly depleted in He relative to best estimates of the depleted mantle. This can be accommodated if the process of metasomatism by the subduction fluids depletes the mantle wedge. The 3He/4He of Pantelleria, Etna, Iblei, Ustica, Alicudi, and Filicudi basalts (7.0 ± 0.6 Ra) define the mantle composition least affected by subduction-related metasomatism. Although these volcanoes are from a variety of tectonic regimes (subduction-related, intraplate, rifting), their similarities suggest a common origin of geochemical features. Their characteristics are consistent with a HIMU-type mantle that either is younger than the Cook- Austral island end-member or has a lower 238U/204Pb.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Q02001
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): helium ; strontium ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    Le tracce del terremoto del 1908 nell'ambiente naturale (2008)
    Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Importanti sconvolgimenti, conseguenti il terremoto di Messina del 26 dicembre 1908, segnarono il paesaggio in una vasta parte della Calabria e della Sicilia, e in modo particolarmente incisivo nell’area delle maggiori distruzioni. Il censimento sistematico di questi effetti mette in evidenza la grande vulnerabilità dell’area dello Stretto, l’assenza di fenomeni interpretabili in modo certo come effetti di fagliazione superficiale e suggerisce, in particolare per le aree della Sicilia centro–meridionale e occidentale, la presenza di particolari effetti di amplificazione (effetti di sito) in correlazione con forti terremoti come l’evento sismico avvenuto il 28 dicembre 1908.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 197-214
    Beschreibung: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 1908 Messina earthquake ; effects on the environment ; seismit ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 8
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    Continuous soil radon monitoring during the July 2006 Etna eruption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Continuous soil radon monitoring was carried out near the Southeast Crater (SEC) of Mt. Etna during the 10-day July 2006 Strombolian-effusive eruption. This signal was compared with simultaneously acquired volcanic tremor and thermal radiance data. The onset of explosive activity and a lava fountaining episode were preceded by some hours with increases in radon soil emission by 4–5 orders of magnitude, which we interpret as precursors. Minor changes in eruptive behavior did not produce significant variations in the monitored parameters. The remarkably high radon concentrations we observed are unprecedented in the literature. We interpret peaks in radon activity as due primarily to microfracturing of uranium-bearing rock. These observations suggest that radon measurements in the summit area of Etna are strongly controlled by the state of stress within the volcano and demonstrate the usefulness of radon data acquisition before and during eruptions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L24316
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    The large earthquake on 29 June 1170 (Syria, Lebanon, and central southern Turkey) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: On 29 June 1170 a large earthquake hit a vast area in the Near Eastern Mediterranean, comprising the present-day territories of western Syria, central southern Turkey, and Lebanon. Although this was one of the strongest seismic events ever to hit Syria, so far no in-depth or specific studies have been available. Furthermore, the seismological literature (from 1979 until 2000) only elaborated a partial summary of it, mainly based solely on Arabic sources. The major effects area was very partial, making the derived seismic parameters unreliable. This earthquake is in actual fact one of the most highly documented events of the medieval Mediterranean. This is due to both the particular historical period in which it had occurred (between the second and the third Crusades) and the presence of the Latin states in the territory of Syria. Some 50 historical sources, written in eight different languages, have been analyzed: Latin (major contributions), Arabic, Syriac, Armenian, Greek, Hebrew, Vulgar French, and Italian. A critical analysis of this extraordinary body of historical information has allowed us to obtain data on the effects of the earthquake at 29 locations, 16 of which were unknown in the previous scientific literature. As regards the seismic dynamics, this study has set itself the question of whether there was just one or more than one strong earthquake. In the former case, the parameters (Me 7.7 ± 0.22, epicenter, and fault length 126.2 km) were calculated. Some hypotheses are outlined concerning the seismogenic zones involved.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B07304
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Historical earthquakes ; Syria ; Lebanon ; central southern Turkey ; seismogenic source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    Evidence of seismic deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus at Tindari (NE, Sicily) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 213-222
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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