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  • NONE  (21)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk  (10)
  • AGU  (28)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Annual Reviews
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 2005-2009  (29)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Large scale ground deformation of Etna observed by GPS between 1994 and 2001 (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: We have processed thirty Global Positioning System (GPS) campaigns carried out at Etna from 1994 to early 2001 between the last two main flank eruptions of the Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy). This rest period allowed us to investigate the deep magma plumbing system of the Mt. Etna. The temporal dynamics of twenty-three points observed three times or more were analyzed. All the time series show a first-order linear trend during the five years period. It suggests that the volcano was continuously deformed by the action of a deep source while a discrete activity of the volcano was observed at the summit. We have interpreted the residual deformation field as the result of an major eastward motion of the eastern flank of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02309
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Tectonics and seismicity of the Tindari Fault System, southern Italy: Crustal deformations at the transition between ongoing contractional and extensional domains located above the edge of a subducting slab (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: The Tindari Fault System (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is a regional zone of brittle deformation located at the transition between ongoing contractional and extensional crustal compartments and lying above the western edge of a narrow subducting slab. Onshore structural data, an offshore seismic reflection profile, and earthquake data are analyzed to constrain the present geometry of the Tindari Fault System and its tectonic evolution since Neogene, including the present seismicity. Results show that this zone of deformation consists of a broad NNW trending system of faults including sets of right-lateral, left-lateral, and extensional faults as well as early strike-slip faults reworked under late extension. Earthquakes and other neotectonic data provide evidence that the Tindari Fault System is still active in the central and northern sectors and mostly accommodates extensional or rightlateral transtensional displacements on a diffuse array of faults. From these data, a multiphase tectonic history is inferred, including an early phase as a right-lateral strike-slip fault and a late extensional reworking under the influence of the subductionrelated processes, which have led to the formation of the Tyrrhenian back-arc basin. Within the present, regional, geodynamic context, the Tindari Fault System is interpreted as an ongoing accommodation zone between the adjacent contractional and extensional crustal compartments, these tectonic compartments relating to the complex processes of plate convergence occurring in the region. The Tindari Fault System might also be included in an incipient, oblique-extensional, transfer zone linking the ongoing contractional belts in the Calabrian-Ionian and southern Tyrrhenian compartments.
    Description: Published
    Description: TC2006
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals:An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy. (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: We present a comprehensive processing tool for the real-time analysis of the source mechanism of very long period (VLP) seismic data based on waveform inversions performed in the frequency domain for a point source. A search for the source providing the best-fitting solution is conducted over a three-dimensional grid of assumed source locations, in which the Green’s functions associated with each point source are calculated by finite differences using the reciprocal relation between source and receiver. Tests performed on 62 nodes of a Linux cluster indicate that the waveform inversion and search for the best-fitting signal over 100,000 point sources require roughly 30 s of processing time for a 2-min-long record. The procedure is applied to post-processing of a data archive and to continuous automatic inversion of real-time data at Stromboli, providing insights into different modes of degassing at this volcano
    Description: Published
    Description: L04301
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Multidisciplinary study of flank instability phenomena at Stromboli volcano, Italy (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study concerns the unstable scarp named Sciara del Fuoco (SDF) at Stromboli volcano, merging geostructural observations, live-cam records in the visible and IR bands, analysis of vertical aerial photographs, and seismic records. These are used to assess morpho-structural changes between 2002 and 2004. The onset of the lava effusion on 28 December, 2002 preceded a gravitational collapse by two days, affecting a wide area of the SDF above and below sea level. We surmise that the collapse enhanced latent instability of the scarp. The 2002–2003 lava flows had a remarkable stabilizing effect on wide portions (〉50%) of the SDF, whilst erosive phenomena continued in the zone not covered by lava. This caused unrelenting regression of the upper landslide scarp toward the summit craters in the form of rockfalls and debris flows. If the crater conduit were involved in the sliding, then a change in eruptive behavior cannot be excluded.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09304
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 5
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    Melt inclusion record of the conditions of ascent, degassing, and extrusion of volatile-rich alkali basalt during the powerful 2002 flank eruption of Mount Etna (Italy) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two unusual, highly explosive flank eruptions succeeded on Mount Etna in July August 2001 and in October 2002 to January 2003, raising the possibility of changing magmatic conditions. Here we decipher the origin and mechanisms of the second eruption from the composition and volatile (H2O, CO2, S, Cl) content of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in explosive products from its south flank vents. Our results demonstrate that powerful lava fountains and ash columns at the eruption onset were sustained by closed system ascent of a batch of primitive, volatile-rich ( 4 wt %) basaltic magma that rose from 10 km depth below sea level (bsl) and suddenly extruded through 2001 fractures maintained opened by eastward flank spreading. This magma, the most primitive for 240 years, probably represents the alkali-rich parental end-member responsible for Etna lavas’ evolution since the early 1970s. Few of it was directly extruded at the eruption onset, but its input likely pressurized the shallow plumbing system several weeks before the eruption. This latter was subsequently fed by the extrusion and degassing of larger amounts of the same, but slightly more evolved, magma that were ponding at 6–4 km bsl, in agreement with seismic data and with the lack of preeruptive SO2 accumulation above the initial depth of sulphur exsolution ( 3 km bsl). We find that while ponding, this magma was flushed and dehydrated by a CO2-rich gas phase of deeper derivation, a process that may commonly affect the plumbing system of Etna and other alkali basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: B04203
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Effects of a volcanic plume on thermal imaging data (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground-based thermal imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool for volcano surveillance, however the impact of volcanic plumes on quantitative measurements of surface temperature has not been previously evaluated. Here we use a radiative transfer model to simulate gas (primarily H2O and SO2) and aerosol absorptions over the path between a thermal camera and a heat source on Stromboli volcano, Italy. A FTIR spectrometer was used to quantify path amounts of gases likely to be encountered when making thermal measurements of the active craters. We find that when using a camera sensitive from 7.5 to 13 mm, underestimates of 400 K may be produced when viewing a source with an actual temperature of 1200 K. Cameras that operate between 3 and 5 mm are somewhat less susceptible to these errors.
    Description: Published
    Description: L14311
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Imaging composite dike propagation (Etna, 2002 case) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Late on the night of 26 October 2002, a dike intrusion started suddenly at Mount Etna, producing intense explosive activity and lava effusion on the southern flank. Five to six hours afterward, a long field of eruptive fractures propagated radially along the northeastern flank of the volcano, producing marked variations at the permanent tilt network. The dike propagation velocity was inferred by the associated seismicity. We modeled the temporal evolution of the continuously recorded tilt data, both during the vertical dike propagation on the high south flank on 26 October and during the radial propagation along the northeast flank, between 27 and 28 October. The reproduction of the recorded tilt signal allowed us to describe the geometry and characteristics of the two dikes in greater detail than the previous static inversion. We deduced that the eruption was characterized by an unusual composite mechanism, clearly showing a transition from a nearly pure opening mode displacement to a mechanism characterized by an equally strong normal dip-slip component and a smaller left lateral strike-slip component. In this study we demonstrate the interaction between the final segment of the dike and a preexisting structure that was reactivated in response to the intrusion. We show that tilt and its modeling represent a powerful tool to verify and constrain dike intrusions in detail.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06404,
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    MAFALDA: An early warning modeling tool to forecast volcanic ash dispersal and deposition (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Forecasting the dispersal of ash from explosive volcanoes is a scientific challenge to modern volcanology. It also represents a fundamental step in mitigating the potential impact of volcanic ash on urban areas and transport routes near explosive volcanoes. To this end we developed a web-based early-warning modeling tool named MAFALDA (Modeling And Forecasting Ash Loading and Dispersal in the Atmosphere) able to quantitatively forecast ash concentrations in the air and on the ground. The main features of MAFALDA are: the usage of (1) a dispersal model, named VOL-CALPUFF (Barsotti et al. 2008) that couples the column ascent phase with the ash-cloud transport and (2) high-resolution weather forecasting data, the capability to run and merge multiple scenarios, and the web-based structure of the procedure that makes it suitable as an early-warning tool. MAFALDA produces plots for a detailed analysis of ash-cloud dynamics and ground deposition, as well as synthetic 2D maps of areas potentially affected by dangerous concentrations of ash. A first application of MAFALDA to the long-lasting weak plumes produced at Mt. Etna (Italy) is presented. A similar tool can be useful to civil protection authorities and volcanic observatories in reducing the impact of the eruptive events. MAFALDA can be accessed at http://mafalda.pi.ingv.it.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q12019
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic ash forecast ; numerical modeling ; early warning modeling tool ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Reply to comments by E.Galili et al. on “Holocene Tsunami's from Mount Etna and the fate of Israeli Neolithic Communities” (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: No abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: L08312
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: landslide tsunami ; Mt. Etna ; paleo-tsunami deposits ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Correlated increase in CO2 fumarolic content and diffuse emission from La Fossa crater (Vulcano, Italy): Evidence of volcanic unrest or increasing gas release from a stationary deep magma body? (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The peculiarity of the quiescent La Fossa volcano is the occurrence of ‘‘crises’’ characterized by strong increases of fumarole T and output and by chemical changes indicative of an increasing input of magmatic fluids. Several surveys carried out during a new ‘‘crisis’’ began in November 2004 indicate that the total diffuse CO2 emission for the crater area increases by one order of magnitude during crises (up to 1600 ton d 1 in December 2005). Concern exists on the possibility that these crises be related to an unrest process leading to eruption. The repetition along decades of the same gas compositional variations during crises, their temporal coincidence with increases of the local shallow seismicity, and the lack of any significant ground motion, rather suggest that they correspond to moments of increasing volatile release from a stationary magma system.
    Description: Published
    Description: L13316
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Continuous soil radon monitoring during the July 2006 Etna eruption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Continuous soil radon monitoring was carried out near the Southeast Crater (SEC) of Mt. Etna during the 10-day July 2006 Strombolian-effusive eruption. This signal was compared with simultaneously acquired volcanic tremor and thermal radiance data. The onset of explosive activity and a lava fountaining episode were preceded by some hours with increases in radon soil emission by 4–5 orders of magnitude, which we interpret as precursors. Minor changes in eruptive behavior did not produce significant variations in the monitored parameters. The remarkably high radon concentrations we observed are unprecedented in the literature. We interpret peaks in radon activity as due primarily to microfracturing of uranium-bearing rock. These observations suggest that radon measurements in the summit area of Etna are strongly controlled by the state of stress within the volcano and demonstrate the usefulness of radon data acquisition before and during eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24316
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Topographic control on lava flow paths at Mt. Etna (Italy): implications for hazard assesment (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Assessment of the hazard from lava flow inundation at the active volcano of Mt. Etna (Italy) was performed by calculating the probability of lava flow inundation at each position on the volcano. A probability distribution for the formation of new vents was calculated using geological and volcanological data from past eruptions. The simulated lava flows from these vents were emplaced using a maximum expected flow length derived from geological data on previous lava flows. Simulations were run using DOWNFLOW, a DEM-based model designed to predict lava flow paths. Different eruptive scenarios were simulated by varying the elevation and probability distribution of eruptive points. Inundation maps show that the city of Catania and the coastal zone may only be impacted by flows erupted from low-altitude vents (〈 1500 m elevation), and that flank eruptions at elevations 〉 2000 m preferentially inundate the northeast and southern sectors of the volcano as well as the Valle del Bove. Eruptions occurring in the summit area (〉 3000 m elevation) pose no threat to the local population. Discrepancies between the results of simple, hydrological models and those of the DOWNFLOW model show that hydrological approaches are inappropriate when dealing with Etnean lava flows. Because hydrological approaches are not designed to reproduce the full complexity of lava flow spreading, they underestimate the catchment basins when the fluid has a complex rheology.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: lava flows ; DOWNFLOW ; hazard ; Mt. Etna ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Interpretation of data from the monitoring thermal camera of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2009)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Twenty eruptive events from the Northeast Crater of Stromboli volcano recorded by a thermal monitoring camera in early 2004 were analysed in order to understand the eruptive dynamics. Selected eventswere chosen to be typical of explosions that characterize the steady activity of Stromboli in terms of jet height and duration. Most of the explosions consisted of clast-rich single bursts, originating from the same vent inside the Northeast Crater. Conspicuous ash emission was scarce. Eruptions were preceded by the flashing of a perturbation wave characterized by low temperatures and an average propagation velocity of about 35–100 m s−1. This perturbation was thought to be caused by the bursting of the gas slug at the bottom of the crater and is interpreted as an air wave. This was immediately followed by the expansion of a jet of ‘hot’ gas and particles, at a velocity of 35–75 m s−1. Ejecta coarser than 138 cm appeared ∼1.6–2 s after the onset of the explosion, moving at a variable velocity (30–60 m s−1). Eruptive events were either vertical or inclined 7–13◦ towards the NNW. This inclination is thought to be a consequence either of the morphology of the conduit, following modest rock falls that partially obstructed the uppermost part of the crater, or of the displacement of the internal conduit due to the explosive activity of the volcano. The instability of the summit area is a further possible cause of the deformation of the conduit.
    Description: This work was partially funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Italy, project INGVDPC V2
    Description: Published
    Description: 591–601
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: explosive dynamic ; thermal video monitoring ; volcano-tectonic structures ; volcano collapses ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Feedback processes between magmatic events and flank movement at Mount Etna (Italy) during the 2002-2003 eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 Mount Etna eruption and the associated deformation provide a unique possibility to study the relationships between volcanism and volcano instability. The sequence started with movement of the eastern volcano flank and was associated with earthquakes and the formation of surface ruptures. Then the eruption occurred from fissures at the north and south rift zones and was followed by additional flank movement, seismic swarms, and surface ruptures. The overall area of flank movement implicated more than 700 km2. In this paper we investigate how episodes of magmatic events (eruptions and intrusions) and flank movement interact. In three-dimensional numerical models we simulate the volcano-tectonic events and calculate changes in the static stress field. The models suggest that the 2002–2003 events are the result of interrelated processes consisting of (1) the preeruptive intrusion of magma and inflation of the volcano, which induced (2) the movement of the volcano east flank, (3) facilitated the eruption, and (4) led to the slip of a much larger part of the eastern and southeastern flanks. Understanding the precise interconnectivity of these processes may help to forecast the behavior during future volcanic crisis at Mount Etna, which is crucial in minimizing volcanic and seismic hazards on the highly populated eastern sector of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-12
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; flank instability ; volcano deformation ; volcano-tectonic interaction ; elastic stress field modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 15
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    Propagation of dikes at Vesuvio (Italy) and the effect of Mt. Somma (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Dikes provide crucial information on how magma propagates within volcanoes. Somma-Vesuvio (Italy) consists of the active Vesuvio cone, partly bordered by the older Mt. Somma edifice. Historical chronicles on the fissure eruptions in 1694–1944 are matched with an analytical solution to define the propagation path of the related dikes and to study any control of the Mt. Somma relief. The fissures always consisted of the downslope migration of vents from an open summit conduit, indicating lateral propagation as the predominant mechanism for shallow dike emplacement. No fissure emplaced beyond Mt. Somma, suggesting that its buttressing hinders the propagation of the radial dikes. An analytical solution is defined to describe the mechanism of formation of the laterally propagating dikes and to evaluate the effect of topography. The application to Somma-Vesuvio suggests that, under ordinary excess magmatic pressures, the dikes should not propagate laterally at depths 〉240–480 m below the surface, as the increased lithostatic pressure requires magmatic pressures higher than average. This implies that, when the conduit is open, the lateral emplacement of dikes is expectable on the S, Wand E slopes. The lack of fissures N of Mt. Somma is explained by its buttressing, which hinders dike propagation. Citation: Acocella, V., M. Porreca, M. Neri, E. Massimi, and M. Mattei (2006), Propagation of dikes at Vesuvio (Italy) and the effect of Mt. Somma, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08301, doi:10.1029/2005GL025590.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08301
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 16
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    Understanding shallow magma emplacement at volcanoes: orthogonal feeder dikes during the 2002-2003 Stromboli (Italy) eruption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Understanding how shallow magma is emplaced within volcanoes is crucial for hazard assessment. The 2002–2003 Stromboli eruption provides the opportunity to investigate shallow magma emplacement resulting from orthogonal feeder dikes and its possible effects. Stromboli erupted in 2002–2003, when effusive activity replaced Strombolian activity. On December 28, a NE-SW fissure propagated from the lava-filled northernmost summit crater. On December 29, a NW-SE fissure propagated north of the craters, feeding NW-SE aligned vents. On December 30, this area collapsed, reaching the sea and generating a tsunami. In mid February 2003, the NW-SE fissure became inactive, while the NE-SW effusive fissure continued until July. A model for shallow magma emplacement is proposed. The lateral propagation of a NE-SW dike from the northernmost crater was triggered. Below, a NW-SE dike, propagating from the magma-filled NE tip of the NE-SW elongated conduit, fed the NW-SE aligned vents. In February, the conduit periphery became solidified, freezing the NW-SE dike, and the transport of magma was limited to the central part, focusing its rise below the craters. This fed the NE-SW fissure until the supply decreased further (July), returning to the ordinary level sustaining Strombolian activity. Orthogonal dike emplacement followed the trajectories of the maximum (gravitational) stress s1, partly controlled by the irregular topography of the uppermost edifice. The emplacement of orthogonal dikes in a limited area is feasible at non-perfectly conical active volcanoes, where the maximum gravitational stress may show variations from a purely radial path.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17310
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 17
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    The SO2 camera: A simple, fast and cheap method for ground-based imaging of SO2 in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: SO2 flux is widely monitored on active volcanoes as it gives a window into the hidden, subsurface magma dynamics. We present here a new approach to SO2 flux monitoring using ultraviolet imaging of the volcanic plume through carefully chosen filters to produce images of SO2 column amount. The SO2 camera heralds a breakthrough in both our ability to measure SO2 flux at unprecedented frequencies (2 Hz) and at unprecedented accuracy, thanks to the application of correlation techniques to determine wind speed directly from the images and the ability to measure the whole profile simultaneously. In this paper we detail the commercially available pieces required to construct the SO2 camera, introduce a retrieval scheme to determine SO2 amounts from the images and present results from a field campaign in November 2005 on Sakurajima volcano, Japan.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24804
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 18
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    Coda wave interferometric detection of seismic velocity changes associated with the 1999 M = 3.6 event at Mt. Vesuvius (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We detect seismic wave velocity changes at Mt. Vesuvius, using doublets and the Coda Wave Interferometry method. The high sensitivity of multiply scattered coda waves to temporal changes in the medium allows us to detect velocity variation smaller than 0.4%. We use 17 doublets, some of them grouped in families of multiplets, spanning January 1996 to December 1999. Data show a systematic increase in velocity from 1996 to end- September 1999, followed by a rapid drop in velocity. This drop immediately precedes a sustained swarm of VT-type earthquakes, including the 9th October 1999 M = 3.6 event, the largest in the region since at least 1972. We propose a long term fluid pressurization followed by influx as a possible causative mechanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06306
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 19
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    Data Acquisition for Volcano Monitoring (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: NONE
    Description: Published
    Description: 385,392
    Description: open
    Keywords: NONE ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Type: article
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  • 20
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    Seismic and acoustic detection of a bolide airburst in the Gulf of Naples (southern Italy) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 10 September 2005 at 1711 LT (1511 UT) a loud boom was heard on the Ischia island. A clear seismic signal was also recorded by the seismic monitoring network of the Neapolitan volcanic areas (Ischia, Campi Flegrei, and Mount Vesuvius) and on a regional station (Mount Massico). On the basis of the seismic recordings and on acoustic phenomena reports, we relate this event to the atmospheric explosion (airburst) of a bolide about 15 km SW of Ischia at an elevation of about 11.5 km. The location has been obtained through nonlinear traveltime inversion in a realistic atmospheric model including wind effects. We show, using statistical estimators, how the traveltime pattern is due to both atmospheric winds and the bolide trajectory. Using the same reasoning we discard a human origin (supersonic jet or sea-air missile). In addition, we also propose a new algorithm for fast acoustic traveltime computation for a supersonic moving source.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10307
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    Volcanic tremor location during the 2004 Mount Etna lava effusion (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: A lava emission started at Mt. Etna, Italy, on 7 September, 2004. Neither earthquake seismicity heralded or accompanied the opening of the fracture field from which the lava poured out, nor volcanic tremor changed in amplitude and frequency content at the onset of the effusive activity. To highlight long-term changes, we propose a method for the location of the tremor source based on a 3D grid search, using the amplitude decay of the seismic signal, from January to November 2004. We find the centroid of the tremor source within a zone close to and partially overlapped with the summit craters (pre-effusive phase), which extended up to 2 km south of them (effusive phase). The depths are of between 1698 and 2387 m a.s.l. We hypothesize the lava effusion stemmed from a degassed magma body, although we find evidence of temporary magma overpressure conditions, such as those documented on 25 September.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09304
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 22
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    Composite ground deformation pattern forerunning the 2004–2005 Mount Etna eruption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: After the end of the 2002–2003 eruption, Mount Etna activity was characterized only by gentle degassing at the summit craters and some earthquake swarms. Suddenly, an eruption started on 7 September 2004 in complete absence of summit crater volcanic activity, seismicity or seismic tremor, and ground deformation. This is the first time that magma poured out passively without preeruptive and coeruptive volcanic and/or geophysical phenomena. The primary key to understanding this event is represented by the ground deformation pattern recorded through GPS measurements during the year before the eruption. The ground deformation shows inflation superimposed by a predominant eastward movement of the eastern sector at a rate never observed before in a noneruptive period. The images from satellite radar interferometry confirmed this pattern. The deformation field clearly shows that the maximum tension in the eastern sector of the volcano caused the opening of the eruptive fracture which favored the silent pouring out of already resident magma.
    Description: Published
    Description: B12207
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
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    Thermal model of the Vesuvius magma chamber (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A thermal modeling of the Vesuvius is presented, based on its magmatic and volcanic history. A 2D numerical scheme has been developed to evaluate the heat transfer inside and around a magma body, the latent heat of crystallization and the inputs of magma from the asthenosphere to a crustal reservoir. Assuming a ratio 〉1 between velocities of magma ascending in the conduit and magma laterally displaced in the reservoir, the results indicate that, after 40 ka, the reservoir is vertically thermally zoned. As a consequence it hosts magma batches that can individually differentiate, mix and be contaminated by the crust, and produce the spectrum of isotopic compositions of the Vesuvian products. The thermal model reproduces the geothermal gradient and the brittle-ductile transition (250– 300 C) at 6 km of depth (the maximum depth of earthquake foci) only after 0.5–1 Ma, implying a long lived magma chamber below the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17302
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 24
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    Evidence for fluid migration as the source of deformation at Campi Flegrei (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We model the location, geometry and density of the source of the recent geological unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) by inverting levelling, trilateration and gravity measurements collected between 1980 and 1995. The best fitting source for the 1980–84 inflation is a horizontal penny-shaped crack with a density 142 to 1115 kg/m3. The source best fitting the deflation period (1990–95) is a vertical spheroid with density between 902 and 1015 kg/m3. These results exclude the intrusion of magma, and indicate the migration of fluid to and from the caldera hydrothermal system as the cause of ground deformation and consequent unrest.
    Description: Published
    Description: L01307
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 25
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    Seismological insight into the kinematics of the 5 April 2003 vulcanian explosion at Stromboli volcano (southern Italy) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 5 April 2003 at 07:13 GMT (09:13 local time) a violent vulcanian explosion occurred at Stromboli volcano. At the time of the event an eruptive crisis was ongoing at the volcano with a lava flow outpouring along the Sciara del Fuoco flank. The seismic signals related to the event were recorded by 8 permanent broadband stations and gives information about the eruption kinematics. An ultra-longperiod signal (period 〉 20 s), that we interpret as the effect of the ground tilt on the broadband sensors, starts about 4 min before and terminates about 1 min after the explosion. On the basis of the radial pattern of tilt directions we conclude that this signal is the effect of the deformation of the volcanic edifice, due to the rapid rising of a batch of magma, its ejection and the magma column readjustment. About 1 min before the explosion we observe an high frequency signal (period 〈 0.1 s) that we believe to be related to the vesiculation of the rising batch of gas-rich magma. At 07:13:35 GMT a powerful very-long-period signal (period 2 20 s), marking the onset of the explosive fragmentation, is recorded. This is confirmed by a blast wave following few seconds later. The remaining seismic signal (more than 3 min), shows an higher frequency content being related only to the fall of ballistic ejecta and to landslides along Sciara del Fuoco.We propose the implementation of an early warning system for the short-term forecast of such explosions, based on the real-time automatic detection of the tilt signals preceding such events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08308
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 26
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    Permeability-porosity relationship: a reexamination of Kozeny-Carman equation based on a fractal pore-space geometry assumption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The relationship between permeability and porosity is reviewed and investigated. The classical Kozeny-Carman approach and a fractal pore-space geometry assumption are used to derive a new permeability-porosity equation. The equation contains only two fitting parameters: a Kozeny coefficient and a fractal exponent. The strongest features of the model are related to its simplicity and its capability to describe measured permeability values of different non-granular porous media better than other models.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02318
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 27
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    Reply to comment by Luigi Vigliotti on “Lost tsunami” (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: No abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: L02609
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna tsunami ; homogenite ; 365 A.D. tsunami ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 28
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    A quantitative approach for evaluating lava flow simulation reliability: LavaSIM code applied to the 2001 Etna eruption (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2009) American Geophysical Union.
    Description: This work developed a quantitative approach for evaluating the reliability of lava flow simulation codes. In particular, it applied the LavaSIM code to simulate the main lava flow emplaced on the south flank of Mount Etna (Italy) between 18 July and 9 August 2001 which represents an ideal test case for validating numerical codes. LavaSIM is the only full 3-D model and is thus able to account for the vertical variation of lava properties such as temperature, viscosity, velocity, and liquidus or solidus state. It presents the most complete description of the lava cooling, and its greatest peculiarity is the potential to discriminate between cells filled by liquid or solid lava. Thirteen simulation tests were performed varying the main input parameters, and they were checked thanks to the availability of syneruption maps, defining the lava flow planar expansion throughout its whole emplacement. Two parameters were adopted for quantitatively evaluate the agreement between real and simulated flows: the percent length ratio (PLR), here defined, and the fitness function (e1). Their joint analysis allowed checking both the simulated lateral spreading, through e1, and the flow lengthening, through PLR. The simulated flows follow a path very similar to the observed one, giving a good fitting of the lateral spreading, though the simulations are, after the second day, normally longer and thinner. The temporal evolution of the three-dimensional distribution of liquid lava and crust was also analyzed. Finally, the analysis presented here demonstrated the great capability of the LavaSIM simulation code.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q09003
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: lava flow ; quantitative assessment of simulation reliability ; 2001 Etna eruption ; LavaSIM ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 29
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    Probabilistic Volcanic Hazard and Risk Assessment (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-08
    Description: No abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: 318
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Probabilistic Volcanic Hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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