ALBERT

Description: The bacterial strain Gp_4_7.1T, isolated from the marine sponge Isops phlegraei collected at the Sula Ridge off the Norwegian coast, was characterized. The isolate was a motile spirillum that was monopolarly and monotrichously flagellated. It was aerobic, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Optimal growth occurred between 20 and 30 °C, at pH 7–8 and with a salt concentration of 2–3 % (w/v). The isolate showed a relatively restricted nutritional profile. Substrate utilization tests were only positive for arabinose. Enzyme tests were positive for esterase lipase C8, lipase C14, leucine arylamidase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase. The strain was not able to reduce nitrate. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison classified the strain as a member of the order Oceanospirillales in the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain Gp_4_7.1T formed a distinct phyletic line with less than 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest relatives with validly published names. Based on the determined data, it is proposed that the strain represents a novel species in a new genus, Spongiispira norvegica gen. nov., sp. nov.; the type strain of Spongiispira norvegica is Gp_4_7.1T (=DSM 17749T =NCIMB 14401T).

Description: Strain HAL40bT was isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. 1 collected at the Sula Ridge off the Norwegian coast and characterized by physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analyses. The isolate was a small rod with a polar flagellum. It was aerobic, Gram-negative and oxidase- and catalase-positive. Optimal growth was observed at 20–30 °C, pH 7–9 and in 3 % NaCl. Substrate utilization tests were positive for arabinose, Tween 40 and Tween 80. Enzyme tests were positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The predominant cellular fatty acid was C17 : 1 ω8, followed by C17 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω7. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS was used to characterize the strain, producing a characteristic low-molecular-mass protein pattern that could be used as a fingerprint for identification of members of this species. The DNA G+C content was 69.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis supported by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison classified the strain as a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain HAL40bT was only distantly related to other marine bacteria including Neptunomonas naphthovorans and Marinobacter daepoensis (type strain sequence similarity 〉90 %). Based on its phenotypic, physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the strain should be placed into a new genus as a representative of a novel species, Spongiibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov.; the type strain of Spongiibacter marinus is HAL40bT (=DSM 17750T =CCUG 54896T).

Description: A marine bacterium, strain Pol012T, was isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella polypoides and subsequently characterized as belonging to subphylum 1 of the phylum ‘Verrucomicrobia’. Strain Pol012T was non-motile, Gram-negative, coccoid or rod-shaped and red in colour. The menaquinones MK-8 and MK-9 were detected. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 50.9 mol%. Growth was possible at temperatures between 8 and 30 °C and at pH values between 6.8 and 8.2. The closest cultured relative of strain Pol012T was Akkermansia muciniphila (83 % sequence similarity), while the closest environmental 16S rRNA gene sequence was the marine clone Arctic96BD-2 (95 % sequence similarity). Strain Pol012T is the first marine pure-culture representative of ‘Verrucomicrobia’ subphylum 1 and represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Rubritalea marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Pol012T (=DSM 177716T=CIP 108984T). The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Pol012T is DQ302104, and those for verrucomicrobial 16S rRNA gene sequences from sponges and seawater are DQ302105–DQ302120.

Description: Die 72. Reise der FS Poseidon fand zwischen dem 9. und 13. März 1981 im Skagerrak statt.

Description: Bacterial strains UST030701-097T and UST030701-084T were isolated from a marine sponge in the Bahamas. Both strains were pink-pigmented, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and chemo-organotrophic. Cells of strain UST030701-097T were short, curved rods with fast-gliding motility, whereas those of strain UST030701-084T were straight rods with a less rapid gliding motion. The two strains had MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone and did not produce flexirubin-type pigments. The DNA G+C contents of strains UST030701-097T and UST030701-084T were 42.5 and 43.7 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains belonged to the family 'Flexibacteraceae' of the phylum Bacteroidetes. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains UST030701-097T and UST030701-084T was 95.0 %; their closest relative was [Marinicola] seohaensis, with 93.3 % and 96.0 % sequence similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic tree topology indicated that the two strains belonged to the same lineage, but were on separate branches. Whilst strain UST030701-084T and [Marinicola] seohaensis were found on one branch, strain UST030701-097T was in another branch that had no species with validly published names. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data obtained in the present study, we propose that strain UST030701-097T represents a novel genus and that strain UST030701-084T represents a novel species in the phylum Bacteroidetes. The genus Fabibacter gen. nov. is proposed, with strain UST030701-097T (=NRRL B-41220T=JCM 13334T) as the type strain of the type species, Fabibacter halotolerans sp. nov. Strain UST030701-084T (=NRRL B-41219T=JCM 13337T) is proposed as the type strain of Roseivirga spongicola sp. nov. In an earlier study, it was suggested that the genus Marinicola is a later heterotypic synonym of the genus Roseivirga. However, a formal proposal to reclassify [Marinicola] seohaensis, the only member of the genus Marinicola, has not yet been made. The results of phylogenetic analyses in this study support the reclassification of [Marinicola] seohaensis as Roseivirga seohaensis comb. nov.

Description: A coccoid, phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from a mud sample collected from brackish water in the Bhitarkanika mangrove forest of Orissa, India, in a medium containing 2 % NaCl (w/v). This bacterium, strain JA304T, was Gram-negative and had a requirement for NaCl. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the vesicular type. The colour of the phototrophically grown culture was saddle-brown. Bacteriochlorophyll a and the carotenoid lycopene were present as photosynthetic pigments. Strain JA304T was able to grow photolithoautotrophically and could photoassimilate a number of organic substrates. Yeast extract was required for growth of strain JA304T. The DNA G+C content was 68.1–68.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicate that the isolate represents a member of the Chromatiaceae within the class Gammaproteobacteria. According to sequence comparison data, strain JA304T is positioned distinctly outside the group formed by the four genera Thiocystis, Chromatium, Allochromatium and Thermochromatium, with only 86.7–91.0 % sequence similarity. Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from these previously described taxa support the classification of this isolate as a representative of a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Thiophaeococcus mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Thiophaeococcus mangrovi is JA304T (=JCM 14889T =DSM 19863T). PABA, para-aminobenzoic acid The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JA304T is AM748925. A phase-contrast micrograph and whole-cell absorption spectrum and an acetone spectrum of extracted pigments of strain JA304T are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

Description: A brown-coloured bacterium was isolated from photoheterotrophic (benzoate) enrichments of flooded paddy soil from Andhra Pradesh, India. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JA2(T) was shown to belong to the class Betaproteobacteria, related to Rubrivivax gelatinosus (99 % sequence similarity). Cells of strain JA2(T) are Gram-negative, motile rods with monopolar single flagella. The strain contained bacteriochlorophyll a and most probably the carotenoids spirilloxanthin and sphaeroidene, but did not have internal membrane structures. Intact cells had absorption maxima at 378, 488, 520, 590, 802 and 884 nm. No growth factors were required. Strain JA2(T) grew on benzoate, 2-aminobenzoate (anthranilate), 4-aminobenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, phenylalanine, trans-cinnamate, benzamide, salicylate, cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol and cyclohexane-2-carboxylate as carbon sources and/or electron donors. The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. Based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA2(T) is different from representatives of other photosynthetic species of the Betaproteobacteria and was recognised as representing a novel species, for which the name Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA2(T) (=ATCC BAA-35(T)=JCM 13220(T)=MTCC 7087(T)).

Description: OceanRep OceanRep Home Contact Quick Search Simple Search Advanced Search Browse Author Research division Document type Year Course of Study Latest Peer-reviewed Articles All About us GEOMAR Library Open Access Policies Statements Help FAQs Statistics Directions | Contact | Sitemap | Imprint Zur Kinematik eines stochastischen Feldes interner Wellen in einer Scherströmung. Logged in as Barbara Schmidt Manage depositsManage recordsManage shelvesProfileSaved searchesReviewAdminLogout - Tools Peters, Hartmut (1981) Zur Kinematik eines stochastischen Feldes interner Wellen in einer Scherströmung. (Doctoral thesis/PhD), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 118 pp. [img] Text Diss. 1981 Peters, H.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Registered users only Download (7Mb) Abstract Für die im Atlantik im Bereich des Äquatorialen Gegenstroms während GATE beobachtete mittlere Schichtung und Scherströmung werden vertikale Eigenschwingungen (Moden) und Dispersionskurven hochfrequenter (0.3 bis 15 cph) interner Wellen berechnet. Ein spektrales Modell der Kinematik freier, linearer interner Wellen wird durch die stochastische Überlagerung so gewonnener Moden erzeugt. Modellrechnungen werden zu Vergleichs- und Testzwecken für einfache Grundzustände (N 2 = const.; u = const.) durchgeführt. Die den Verhältnissen während GATE entsprechenden Rechnungen ergeben folgende Resultate: In den Energiespektren wird eine Schulter bei Frequenzen zwischen 1.5 und 4 cph beobachtet, die einen nicht unbeträchtlichen Teil der Gesamtenergie des Wellenfeldes repräsentiert. Diese Schulter kann im wesentlichen nicht durch kinematische Effekte erklärt werden, sie muß dynamische Ursachen haben. Im Frequenzbereich 1.5 bis 4 cph wird das Wellenfeld praktisch ausschließlich von der ersten Mode beherrscht. Nach den Beobachtungen sind die Wellen überwiegend gegen die mittlere Strömung gerichtet. Zur Erklärung dessen müssen sowohl dynamische als auch kinematische Effekte herangezogen werden. Das beobachtete Maximum der Kohärenz zwischen Strömung in der Deckschicht und Temperatur in der Sprungschicht zwischen 1. 5 und 4 cph ist prinzipiell der Kinematik des Systems zuzuschreiben. Die Skalen des Wellenzahlspektrums, die sich aus der Anpassung des Modells an die Daten ergeben, sind derart, daß nur ein Teil der Anisotropie des Systems von Moden und Dispersionskurven wirksam wird. Die Vertikalstruktur der beobachteten Strömungsfluktuationen kann mit dem Modell nicht vollständig beschrieben werden. Das Modell wird kritisch diskutiert.

Description: A novel Gram-negative, motile, aerobic rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a Bathymodiolus sp. specimen collected from the Logatchev hydrothermal vent field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The novel strain, M41(T), was catalase- and oxidase-positive and metabolised various carbohydrates and amino acids. It grew well in marine broth with an optimal growth temperature of 31 degrees C to 34 degrees C (range 4-40 degrees C and salinity requirement of 3% (range 0.3-9%). The pH range for growth was pH 4.6 to 9.5, with an optimum at pH 8.0. The predominant fatty acids were C-16: (1)omega 7c, C-16: 0 and C-18: 1 omega 7c. The DNA G + C content of strain M41(T) was 52.2 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was 94 % similar to that of the type strain of Oceanospirillum beijerinckii, the closest cultivated relative. Other related type strains were Oceanospirillum multiglobuliferum (93% gene sequence similarity), Neptunomonas naphthovorans (92%) and Marinobacterium jannaschii (92 %). According to phylogenetic analysis and physiological characteristics, it is suggested that strain M41(T) represents a new genus and novel species for which the name Amphritea atlantica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M41(T) (= DSM 18887(T) = LMG 24143(T)).

Description: Two coccoid phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria were isolated from marine habitats (marine aquaculture pond near Bheemli, Visakhapatnam and marine tidal waters from a fishing harbour, Kakinada) in a medium that contained 3 % NaCl (w/v). Strains JA132T and JA130T are Gram-negative, motile cocci with a single flagellum. Both have an obligate requirement for NaCl. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes are of the vesicular type. Bacteriochlorophyll a and most probably carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series were present as photosynthetic pigments. Both strains were able to grow photolithoautotrophically and photolithoheterotrophically. Chemotrophic and fermentative growth could not be demonstrated. There is no vitamin requirement for strain JA132T, while strain JA130T requires niacin, biotin and pantothenate as growth factors. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that both strains cluster with species of the genus Thiorhodococcus belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria. The DNA G+C contents of strains JA132T and JA130T were 65.5 and 57.5 mol%, respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, morphological and physiological characteristics, strains JA132T and JA130T are significantly different from each other and from other species of the genus Thiorhodococcus and are recognized as two novel species, for which the names Thiorhodococcus bheemlicus sp. nov. and Thiorhodococcus kakinadensis sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of T. bheemlicus sp. nov. and T. kakinadensis sp. nov. are JA132T (=MTCC 8120T=ATCC BAA-1362T=JCM 14149T=DSM 18805T) and JA130T (=ATCC BAA-1353T=DSM 18858T=JCM 14150T), respectively

Description: A rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple sulfur bacterium, strain JA124(T), was isolated in pure culture from a marine aquaculture pond, located near Bhimunipatnam, in a medium that contained 3 % NaCl (w/v). Strain JA124(T) is a Gram-negative, motile rod with a single polar flagellum. Strain JA124(T) has a requirement for NaCl, with optimum growth at 1.5-8.5 %, and tolerates up to 11 % NaCl. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes are of the vesicular type. Bacteriochlorophyll a and probably carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series are present as photosynthetic pigments. Strain JA124(T) was able to utilize sulfide, sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite, thioglycollate and cysteine as sulfur sources. Strain JA124(T) was able to grow photolithoautotrophically, photolithoheterotrophically and photo-organoheterotrophically. Chemotrophic and fermentative growth could not be demonstrated. Strain JA124(T) lacks diazotrophic growth and acetylene reduction activity. Pyridoxal phosphate is required for growth. During growth on reduced sulfur sources as electron donors, sulfur is deposited intermediately as a number of small granules within the cell. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA124(T) clusters with species of the genus Marichromatium belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria. The highest sequence similarities of strain JA124(T) were found with the type strains of Marichromatium indicum (98 %), Marichromatium purpuratum (95 %) and Marichromatium gracile (93 %). However, DNA-DNA hybridization with Marichromatium indicum DSM 15907(T) revealed relatedness of only 65 % with strain JA124(T). The DNA base composition of strain JA124(T) was 67 mol% G+C (by HPLC). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, morphological and physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization studies, strain JA124(T) (=ATCC BAA-1316(T)=JCM 13911(T)) is sufficiently different from other Marichromatium species to merit its description as the type strain of a novel species, Marichromatium bheemlicum sp. nov.

Description: Strain UST040317-058(T), comprising non-pigmented, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative cells that are motile by means of single polar flagella, was isolated from the surface of a marine sponge (Ircinia dendroides) collected from the Mediterranean Sea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in a separate cluster with the recognized bacterium Shewanella algae IAM 14159(T), with which it showed a sequence similarity of 95.0 %. The sequence similarity between strain UST040317-058(T) and its other (six) closest relatives ranged from 91.6 to 93.8 %. Strain UST040317-058(T) showed oxidase, catalase and gelatinase activities. The typical respiratory quinones for shewanellas, menaquinone MK-7 and ubiquinones Q-7 and Q-8, were also detected. The predominant fatty acids in strain UST040317-058(T) were i15 : 0, 16 : 0, 17 : 1omega8c and summed feature 3 (comprising i15 : 0 2-OH and/or 16 : 1omega7c), altogether representing 56.9 % of the total. The DNA G+C content was 39.9 mol%. The strain could be differentiated from other Shewanella species by its inability to reduce nitrate or produce H(2)S and by 10-22 additional phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data presented in this study, strain UST040317-058(T) represents a novel species in the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella irciniae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UST040317-058(T) (=JCM 13528(T)=NRRL B-41466(T)).

Description: A reddish-brown bacterium was isolated from photoheterotrophic enrichments of mangrove soil from the western coast of India, in a medium that contained 10 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA100T clusters with species of the genus Marichromatium of the class ‘Gammaproteobacteria’. Cells of strain JA100T are Gram-negative, motile rods with monopolar single flagella; they require NaCl, the optimum concentration being 1–4 %, and tolerate concentrations up to 13 %. The strain has vesicular internal membrane structures, bacteriochlorophyll a and, most probably, carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. No growth factors are required. A reduced sulfur source is required for growth, and, during growth on reduced sulfur sources as electron donors, sulfur is intermediately deposited as a single large granule within the cell. Strain JA100T could not grow at the expense of other tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, except malate. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and its morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA100T is sufficiently different from other Marichromatium species to justify its designation as a novel species, for which the name Marichromatium indicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA100T (=DSM 15907T=ATCC BAA-741T=JCM 12653T).

Description: A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic bacterium (JA181T) was isolated from a tidal water sample. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain JA181T was shown to belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria, most closely related to Rhodovulum sulfidophilum (97.8 % similarity to the type strain), Rhodovulum adriaticum (93 %), Rhodovulum robiginosum (93 %), Rhodovulum iodosum (94 %), Rhodovulum imhoffii (94 %), Rhodovulum strictum (95 %), Rhodovulum euryhalinum (94.6 %) and Rhodovulum marinum (94.6 %). DNA–DNA hybridization with Rdv. sulfidophilum DSM 1374T (relatedness of 39 % with strain JA181T) and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain JA181T from the eight Rhodovulum species with validly published names. Strain JA181T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Rhodovulum visakhapatnamense sp. nov. is proposed (type strain JA181T =JCM 13531T =ATCC BAA-1274T =DSM 17937T).

Description: A novel isolate belonging to the genus Streptomyces, strain YIM 47672(T), was obtained from soil from Hainan, an island in China. The characterization of this isolate was performed by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed long spore chains in the aerial mycelia. The cell wall contained L-diaminopimelic acid, traces of meso-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose and xylose. The phospholipid was of type II. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities for YIM 47672(T) with respect to the most closely related type strains of species of the genus Streptomyces were less than 96.3%. Therefore strain YIM 47672(T) represents a novel member of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces hainanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 47672 (T) (=CCTCC AA 205017(T) = DSM 41 900(T)).

Description: A novel actinonmycete strain, YIM 0006(T), was isolated from soil of a tropical rainforest in northern Thailand. The isolate displayed the following characteristics: aerial mycelium is absent, short spore chains are formed directly on the substrate mycelium, contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose (cell-wall chemotype IV), the diagnostic phospholipid is phosphaticlylcholine, MK-9(H-4) is the predominant menaquinone and the G + C content of the genomic DNA is 69.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics showed that strain YIM 0006(T) belongs to the family Pseudonocardiaceae but can be distinguished from representatives of all genera classified in the family. The novel genus and species Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed, with strain YIM 0006(T) (=CCTCC AA 205017(T) =DSM 45062(T)) as the type strain of Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis.

Description: A yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium (strain UST050418-085(T)) was isolated from the surface of a marine sponge, Myxilla incrustans, at Friday Harbor, WA, USA. The DNA G+C content of this strain was 34.6 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were i15 : 0, a15 : 0, i15 : 1, i16 : 0, i17 : 0 3-OH, 17 : 0 2-OH and summed feature 3, comprising i15 : 0 2-OH and/or 16 : 1omega7c (altogether representing 69.0 % of the total fatty acids). MK-6 was the only respiratory quinone detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the closest relatives of UST050418-085(T) were members of the genus Gillisia, with sequence similarities of 93.2-96.6 %. Strain UST050418-085(T) differed from its closest relatives by 11 to 18 phenotypic traits. Molecular evidence and phenotypic characteristics suggest that strain UST050418-085(T) represents a novel species within the genus Gillisia. The name Gillisia myxillae sp. nov. is proposed, with UST050418-085(T) (=JCM 13564(T)=NRRL B-41416(T)) [corrected] as the type strain

Description: A novel purple sulfur bacterium, strain WS(T), was isolated from a microbial mat from an estuary of the White Sea. Individual cells are coccoid shaped, motile by flagella and do not contain gas vesicles. The mean cell diameter is 1.85 mum (range 1.5-2.0 mum). Cell suspensions exhibit a purple-violet colour. They contain bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the rhodopinal series as photosynthetic pigments. The novel bacterium is an anoxygenic photoautotroph, using sulfide, thiosulfate, sulfite and elemental sulfur as electron donors for photosynthesis and is capable of photoassimilating several organic carbon sources in the presence of carbonate and a reduced sulfur source (sulfide and/or thiosulfate). Sulfur globules, formed during oxidation of sulfide, are stored transiently inside the cells. Optimal salinity and pH for growth are at 0.5-2.0 % NaCl and pH 7.0-7.5. The DNA base composition of strain WS(T) is 61.8 mol% G+C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the new isolate belongs to the genus Thiorhodococcus, with Thiorhodococcus minor CE2203(T) as the nearest relative (sequence similarity of 97.3 %). Several distinct differences from described species necessitate the description of a novel species. Thiorhodococcus mannitoliphagus sp. nov. is the proposed name, with strain WS(T) (=ATCC BAA-1228(T)=VKM B-2393(T)) as the type strain.

Description: ALs Ergänzung zum IfM-Bericht Nr. 108 wird in dem vorliegenden Bericht für den Benutzer eine Anleitung zu dem Dialogprogramm STASIP (Statistics of Single-Point Moorings) gegeben. Ein vereinfachter Programmlauf stellt die Funktionsweise des Programms dar und vermittelt die wichtigsten Grundlagen. Durch einen weiteren umfassenderen Rechenlauf wird dann die Anwendungsvielfalt des Programms erläutert. Im Anhang befindet sich neben wichtigen Tabellen ein vollständiger Programmausdruck. (AUT)

Description: In dieser Arbeit wird das Bewegungsverhalten von Einpunktverankerungen mit Hilfe eines Rechenprogramms untersucht, das zunächst von D. A. Moller an der Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution entwickelt worden war und hier auf Verankerungen des Instituts für Meereskunde Kiel angepaßt wurde. Zunächst werden fünf Messanordnungen in der Ruhelage beschrieben, wobei Stromlosigkeit vorausgesetzt wird. Anschließend wird für sechs vereinfachte Stromprofile die Form dieser Verankerungen berechnet. Mit einfachen Stromprofilen ist es möglich, je nach Stabilität der Verankerung Abtauchtiefen von mehr als 350 m zu erzeugen. Bei diesen hypothetischen Stromprofilen treten Horizontalauslenkungen der oberen Komponente von 1600 m und mehr bei einer Länge der Verankerung von etwa 5000 m auf. Nach Abschätzung des grundsätzlichen Verhaltens werden aktuelle gemessene Daten der Stromgeschwindigkeit gemittelt. Hiermit wird die Form der Verankerung berechnet, um die Wirkung wahrer Stromprofile auf diese Einpunktverankerungen beurteilen zu können. Das Verhalten der NEADS-Verankerungen wird bei allen Stromlagen gut reproduziert, jedoch mussten wegen mangelnder Überdeckung des Tiefenbereichs durch Messgeräte einige Stromprofile durch Interpolation bzw Extrapolation ergänzt werden. Die JASIN-Verankerung lasst sich nur bei geringen Stromgeschwindigkeiten hinreichend gut berechnen, während in Phasen mit starkem Strom der Fehler groß ist. Dies ist unter anderem auf eine zusätzliche Markierungsboje an der Oberfläche zurückzuführen. Zum Abschluß werden einige Hinweise zur Sensitivität des Simulationsprogramms auf bestimmte Verankerungsparameter gegeben, wobei der Reckberechnung von Perlonseil, der Genauigkeit des Stromprofils und der Bestimmung der verwendeten Auftriebe und Gewichte erhöhte Bedeutung zukommen. (AUT)

Description: Two Gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated YIM 48771(T) and YIM 48782(T), were isolated from virgin forest soil samples collected in Hunan Province, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of the two novel isolates ranged from 96.3 to 97.6% with species of the genus Sphaerisporangium with validly published names but, in the tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolates formed distinct phyletic lines. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two novel isolates was 97.1%. DNA-DNA hybridization of strains YIM 48771(T) and YIM 48782(T) with recognized species of the genus Sphaerisporangium revealed that the level of DNA-DNA relatedness was below 70%. The DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 48771(T) and YIM 48782(T) were 67.1 and 71 mol%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-9(H(4)); major polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoglycolipids; major fatty acids, iso-C(16:0) and 10-methyl C(17:0)] supported the affiliation of the two isolates with the genus Sphaerisporangium. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the two isolates from recognized Sphaerisporangium species. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomical and phylogenetic data, strains YIM 48771(T) and YIM 48782(T) are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Sphaerisporangium, for which the names Sphaerisporangium flaviroseum sp. nov. (type strain, YIM 48771(T)=DSM 45170(T)=KCTC 19393(T)) and Sphaerisporangium album sp. nov. (type strain, YIM 48782(T)=DSM 45172(T)=CCTCC AA 208026(T)) are proposed.

Description: A Gram-positive, milk-white coloured, aerobic strain, YIM 48868(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Maytenus hookeri Loes in Xishuangbanna, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain YIM 48868(T) was a member of the genus Actinopolymorpha, showing 96.8% sequence similarity to Actinopolymorpha singaporensis IM 7744(T) and 97.0% similarity to Actinopolymorpha rutila YIM 45725(T). Chemotaxonomic data (peptidoglycan type 1, LL-diaminopimelic acid; sugar pattern C, glucose, rhamnose and ribose; polar lipids PI, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphaticlylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylinositol) were characteristic of the genus Actinopolymorpha. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 48868(T) formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Actinopolymorpha. Strain YIM 48868(T) could be differentiated from recognized species by means of phenotypic properties and the predominant menaquinones [MK-9(H(6)), MK-9(H(8)), MK-10(H(6)), MK-10(H(8))]. The DNA G+C content was 66.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM 48868(T) and the type strains of A. singaporensis and A. rutila were 48.7% and 53.1%, respectively. These data, in combination with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrate that strain YIM 48868(T) represents a novel species in the genus Actinopolymorpha, for which the name Actinopolymorpha alba sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 48868(T) (=CCTCC AA 208030(T) =DSM 45243(T)).

Description: A spherical-shaped, phototrophic, purple sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from anoxic sediment in a marine aquaculture pond near Bheemli (India). Strain JA142T is Gram-negative and non-motile. It has a requirement for NaCl (optimum of 2 % and maximum of 6 % w/v NaCl). Intracellular photosynthetic membranes are of the vesicular type. In vivo absorption spectra indicate the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the okenone series as photosynthetic pigments. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA142T is related to halophilic purple sulfur bacteria of the genera Thiohalocapsa and Halochromatium, with the highest sequence similarity to Thiohalocapsa halophila DSM 6210T (97.5 %). Morphological and physiological characteristics differentiate strain JA142T from other species of the genera Halochromatium and Thiohalocapsa. Strain JA142T is sufficiently different from Thiohalocapsa halophila based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological and physiological characteristics to allow the proposal of a novel species, Thiohalocapsa marina sp. nov., with the type strain JA142T (=JCM 14780T =DSM 19078T). The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JA142T is AM491592. A phase-contrast micrograph of cells of strain JA142T, whole-cell and acetone absorption spectra and 16S rRNA gene sequence-based neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood, minimum-evolution and maximum-parsimony trees are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

Description: In March 2007 the sea floor drill rig MeBo (short for “Meeresboden-Bohrgerät”, ‘sea floor drill rig’ in German) returned from a 17-day scientific cruise with the new German research vessel Maria S. Merian. Four sites between 350 m and 1700 m water depth were sampled at the continental slope off Morocco by push coring and rotary drilling. Up to 41.5-m-long sediment cores were recovered from Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene marls. MeBo bridges the gap between conventional sampling methods from standard multipurpose research vessels (gravity corer, piston corer, dredges) and drill ships. Most bigger research vessels will be able to support deployment of the MeBo. Since the drill system can be easily transported within 20-ft containers, worldwide operation from vessels of opportunity is possible. With the MeBo a new system is available for marine geosciences that allows the recovery of high quality samples from soft sediments and hard rock from the deep sea without relying on the services of expensive drilling vessels.

Description: A rod-shaped, translucent yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative bacterium, strain B390(T), was isolated from the bryozoan Schizobrachiella sanguinea collected in the Adriatic Sea, near Rovinj, Croatia. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated affiliation to the genus Tenacibaculum, with sequence similarity levels of 94.8-97.3 % to type strains of species with validly published names. It grew at 5-34 degrees C, with optimal growth at 18-26 degrees C, and only in the presence of NaCl or sea salts. In contrast to other type strains of the genus, strain B390(T) was able to hydrolyse aesculin. The predominant menaquinone was MK-6 and major fatty acids were iso-C-15:0, iso-C-15:0 3-OH and iSO-C-15:1. The DNA G + C content was 31.6 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization and comparative physiological tests were performed with type strains Tenacibaculum aestuarii JCM 13491(T) and Tenacibaculum lutimaris DSM 16505 T, since they exhibit 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities above 97%. These data, as well as phylogenetic analyses, suggest that strain B390(T) (=DSM 18961(T) =JCM 14633(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum adriaticum sp. nov. is proposed.

Description: A pink-pigmented, phototrophic, purple nonsulfur bacterium, strain JA173T, was isolated in pure culture from a saltern in Gokarna, India, in a medium containing 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain JA173T was a non-motile Gram-negative rod that multiplied by budding. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA173T clusters with the class Alphaproteobacteria; highest sequence similarity (98 %) was to the type strain of Rhodobium orientis and 94 % similarity was observed to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of Rhodobium marinum. However, DNA–DNA hybridization with R. orientis DSM 11290T revealed a relatedness value of only 35.1 % with strain JA173T. Strain JA173T contained lamellar internal membranes, bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Strain JA173T had an obligate requirement for NaCl (optimum growth at 2–6 %, w/v) and grew photoheterotrophically with a number of organic compounds as carbon source or electron donor. Photoautotrophic, chemoautotrophic and fermentative growth could not be demonstrated. Yeast extract was required for growth. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization data and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA173T is sufficiently different from other species of the genus Rhodobium to be recognized as a representative of a novel species, Rhodobium gokarnense sp. nov. The type strain is JA173T (=ATCC BAA-1215T=DSM 17935T=JCM 13532T).

Description: A yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, slowly gliding, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium (UST040801-001T) was isolated from marine sediment. The DNA G+C content was 39?9 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were a15 : 0, i15 : 0, i15 : 0 3-OH, i17 : 1v9c, i17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3, comprising i15 : 0 2-OH and/or 16 : 1v7c (altogether representing 76?2% of the total). MK-6 was the only respiratory quinone. Flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Gramella echinicola KMM 6050T (the only species in the genus) was the closest relative of UST040801-001T, sharing 98?0% sequence similarity. The DNA–DNA relatedness between UST040801-001T and Gramella echinicola KMM 6050T was 13 %. Strain UST040801-001T can be distinguished from G. echinicola by means of 11 phenotypic traits. The results of molecular and phenotypic analyses suggested that UST040801-001T represents a novel species of Gramella. The name Gramella portivictoriae sp. nov. is proposed for this bacterium, with UST040801-001T (=NRRL 41137T=JCM 13192T) as the type strain.

Description: A novel alphaproteobacterium, strain LD81(T), was isolated from the marine macroalga. Laminaria saccharina. The bacterium is mesophilic and shows a typical marine growth response. It is a chemoheterotrophic aerobe with the potential for denitrification. Growth optima are 25 degrees C, pH 5.5 and 3% NaCl. Strain LD81(T) has a unique phylogenetic position, not fitting any of the known families of the Alphaproteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a distant relationship to species of several orders of the Alphaproteobacteria, with less than 90% sequence similarity. Phylogenetically, strain LD81(T) is related to the type strains of Terasakiella pusilla (88.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and the three Thalassospira species (88.9-89.2%. It forms a cluster with these bacteria and a novel as-yet undescribed isolate (KOPRI 13522; 96.6% sequence similarity). Strain LD81(T) has a relatively low DNA G + C content (51.1 mol%) and, due to its distant phylogenetic position from all other alphaprotecibacteria, strain LD81(T) (=NCIMB 14374(T) =JCM 14845(T)) is considered as the type strain of a novel species within a new genus, for which the name Kiloniella laminariae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The genus Kiloniella represents the type of the new family Kiloniellaceae fam. nov. and order Kiloniellales ord. nov.

Description: During studies of moderately halophilic strains of Ectothiorhodospira from steppe soda lakes, we found a novel group of bacteria related to Ectothiorhodospira haloalkaliphila with salt optima at 50–80 g NaCl l”1. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains from soda lakes in Mongolia, Egypt and Siberia revealed separation of the group of new isolates from other Ectothiorhodospira species, including the closely related Ect. haloalkaliphila. DNA–DNA hybridization studies demonstrated that the new isolates form a homogeneous group at the species level, but at the same time are distinct from related species such as Ect. haloalkaliphila, Ect. vacuolata, Ect. shaposhnikovii and Ect. marina. The new isolates are considered to be strains of a novel species, for which the name Ectothiorhodospira variabilis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain WN22T (5VKM B-2479T 5DSM 21381T). Photosynthetic pigments of the novel species are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin and derivatives thereof, together with small amounts of lycopene and rhodopin. Gas vesicles are formed by most of the strains, particularly in media containing yeast extract (0.5 g l”1) and acetate (0.5–2.0 g l”1). Sequence analysis of nifH (nitrogenase) and cbbL (RuBisCO) confirmed the assignment of the strains to the genus Ectothiorhodospira and in particular the close relationship to Ect. haloalkaliphila. The novel species Ect. variabilis is found in soda lakes separated by great geographical distances and is an alkaliphilic and halophilic bacterium that tolerates salt concentrations up to 150–200 g NaCl l”1.

Description: A Gram-positive, non-spore-forming actinomycete, designated strain CC 0387(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from the Baltic Sea, Germany. Classification using a polyphasic approach and comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain CC 0387(T) belonged to the genus Promicromonospora and displayed more than 3% 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from all Promicromonospora species with validly published names. Strain CC 0387(T) did not produce aerial mycelium. Substrate mycelia were yellowish white to pale orange-yellow and fragmented into bacillary or coccoid elements. The cell wall contained lysine and alanine. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H-4) (86%). The G+C content of the DNA was 71.87 mol%. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genetic characteristics, strain CC 0387(T) (=CCTCC AA208024(T)=DSM 21481(T)) represents a novel species, for which the name Promicromonospora flava sp. nov. is proposed.

Description: A bacterial strain, UST030701-156T, was isolated from a marine sponge in the Bahamas. Strain UST030701-156T was orange-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped with tapered ends, slowly motile by gliding and strictly aerobic. The predominant fatty acids were a15 : 0, i15 : 0, i15 : 0 3-OH, i17 : 0 3-OH, i17 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3, comprising i15 : 0 2-OH and/or 16 : 1ω7c. MK-6 was the only respiratory quinone. Flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed UST030701-156T within a distinct lineage in the family Flavobacteriaceae, with 93·3 % sequence similarity to the nearest neighbour, Nonlabens tegetincola. The DNA G+C content of UST030701-156T was 41·0 mol% and was much higher than that of N. tegetincola (33·6 mol%). Strain UST030701-156T can be distinguished from other members of the Flavobacteriaceae by means of a number of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics. It is proposed, therefore, that UST030701-156T represents a novel taxon designated Stenothermobacter spongiae gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is UST030701-156T (=NRRL B-41138T=JCM 13191T). Carbon-source utilization by N. tegetincola was re-examined and an emended description is therefore included.

Description: A yellowish-brown bacterium was isolated from enrichment cultures inoculated with seawater samples from the eastern coast of India (Visakhapatnam) under photoheterotrophic conditions. Enrichment and isolation in a medium containing 2 % NaCl (w/v) yielded strain JA128T, which has ovoid to rod-shaped cells, also forms chains and is non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA128T clusters with the Alphaproteobacteria and the sequence similarity with its closest relatives, Rhodovulum iodosum and Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, was 95 %. Strain JA128T contained vesicular intracytoplasmic membranes, bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spheroidene series. Strain JA128T was mesophilic, slightly acidophilic, slightly halophilic and grew photoheterotrophically with a number of organic compounds as carbon source and electron donor. It was unable to grow photoautotrophically, chemoautotrophically or by fermentative modes. It did not utilize sulfide, thiosulfate or hydrogen as electron donors. Thiamine was required as a growth factor. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA128T was significantly different from other species of the genus Rhodovulum and was recognized as a novel species for which the name Rhodovulum marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA128T (=ATCC BAA 1215T=CCUG 52183T=JCM 13300T).

Description: A rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from seawater collected from the seashore of Visakhapatnam, on the east coast of India, in a medium that contained 2 % NaCl (w/v). Strain JA123(T) was Gram-negative and non-motile and had a requirement for NaCl. Photo-organoheterotrophic and chemo-organoheterotrophic growth occurred with organic compounds as carbon sources and electron donors. Photolithoautotrophic, chemolithoautotrophic and fermentative growth could not be demonstrated. Strain JA123(T) contained vesicular intracellular photosynthetic membrane structures. Bacteriochlorophyll a and probably carotenoids of the spheroidene series were present as photosynthetic pigments. Biotin was required for growth. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA123(T) clustered with species of the genus Rhodobacter. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA123(T) is sufficiently different from other Rhodobacter species to propose a novel species, Rhodobacter vinaykumarii sp. nov., to accommodate this strain; the type strain is JA123(T) (=DSM 18714(T) =JCM 14544(T) =CCUG 54311(T)).

Description: A novel actinomycete, designated strain YIM 46034(T), was isolated from an evergreen broadleaved forest at Menghai, in southern Yunnan Province, China. Phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the family Micromanosporaceae. Strain YIM 46034(T) showed more than 3% 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from recognized species of genera in the family Micromonosporaceae. Characteristic features of strain YIM 46034(T) were the production of two types of spores, namely motile spores, which were formed in sporangia produced on substrate mycelia, and single globose spores, which were observed on short sporophores of the substrate mycelia. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, arabinose and xylose, which are characteristic components of cell-wall chemotype 11 of actinomycetes. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the major phospholipid (phospholipid type 11). Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genetic characteristics, strain YIM 46034(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Planosporangium flavigriseum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Planosporangium flavigriseum is YIM 46034(T) (=CCTCC AA 205013(T) =DSM 44991(T)).

Description: Der Strommesser registriert selbsttätig photographisch Stromrichtung und Stromgeschwindigkeit im Meere, und zwar bis zu einer Meßdauer von vier Wochen in Abständen von fünf Minuten. Er besitzt Eigenauftrieb und ist deshalb einfach zu verankern. Er kann bis Meßtiefen von 50 m ausgelegt werden. Dieser neue Strommesser nutzt die Vorzüge des Schaufelradstrommessers von H. Rauschelbach, der sich seit 25 Jahrerr in vielen hundert Auslegungen bewährt hat. Er vermeidet einen wesentlichen Nachteil dieses Gerätes, der besonders in gezeitenstromarmen Meeren wie der Ostsee ins Gewicht fällt, nämlich die hohe Anlaufgeschwindigkeit. Das neue Gerät ist ein Propellerstrommesser, der bei nur 2,5 cm/sec Stromgeschwindigkeit anspringt. Selbst in Bodennähe randlicher Meeresbuchten wie der Eckernförder Bucht konnten brauchbare Strommessungen über längere Zeiträume erzielt werden.

Description: Die Schlei, eine Förde der schleswig-holsteinischen Ostseeküste, wird als ein stark durch Abwässer belastetes Brackwassergebiet hydrographisch und biologisch untersucht. Die hydrographischen Bedingungen lassen zusammen mit den nur unwesentlichen Strömungen keinen ausreichenden Abbau der übermäßigen Eutrophierungserscheinungen zu. Die früher reiche tierische und pflanzliche Bodenbesiedlung ist besonders in der inneren Schlei durch Mudablagerungen auf weite Strecken vernichtet. Die Massenentwicklungen verhältnismäßig weniger Arten bestimmen im Plankton wie Benthos hier das Bild. Besonders wird auf die Ciliatenbesiedlung eingegangen, die unter dem Einfluß der verschiedenen Faktoren wie Bodenbeschaffenheit, Salzgehalt, Eutrophierung, Bakteriendichte ein gutes Bild der herrschenden Zustände gibt. Biological investigations, especially of the Ciliate fauna in the polluted water of the SchleiFjord (western Baltic) (Summary): The Schlei, a fjord on the Ballic coast of SchleswigHclstein, is a brackish water area much clogged with sewage. In the present paper it is clwmined hydrographically and biologically. The hydrographical conditions in connection with onlv rninor currents does not permit sufficient decomposition of the excessive eutrophic phenomena in the shallow water. The formerly rich bottom life is, especially in the inner Schlei, widely destroyed by mud deposits. The mass development of comparatively few species determine the picture of plankton as weil as of benthos. Particular stress is laid on the present distribution of ciliates which, undcr the influence of the various factors such as the nature of the bottom, salinity, eutrophic state, density of bacteria, present a good picture of the prevailing condition.

Description: In Vorbereitung der internationalen Untersuchung der Überströmung des Island-Färöer-Rückens, die im Juni 1960 mit 10 Forschungsschiffen stattfinden soll, wurde ein hydrographischer Schnitt Anfang März 1959 von „Anton Dohrn" durchgeführt und Anfang Mai 1959 vollständig wiederholt. Der Schnitt verläuft am SW-Hang des Rückens (Abb. 1). Es zeigt sich, daß in beiden Fällen ein und dasselbe Gebiet von der Überströmung des sehr kalten, verhältnismäßig salzarmen subarktischen Wassers bevorzugt wird, nämlich in 63° N und 10° W, (vgl. Abb. 2, 3, 5 und 6). Der große Temperaturunterschied in den bodennahen Schichten in etwa 550 m, der zwischen den Aufnahmen im März und Mai 1959 vorhanden war und 4°C erreichte (Abb. 4), deutet auf die großen Schwankungen der Überströmung hin. As a preliminary step to the international investigation of the Iceland-Faroe Ridge, which is scheduled to take place in June 1960 with 10 research ships, a hydrographic section was carried out at the beginning of March 1959 from the "Anton Dohrn". It was repeated in full at the beginning of May 1959. The section runs along the southwestern slope of the ridge (fig. 1). The overflow of very cold subarctic water, poor in salinity, took place in the same area in both cases, in 60° N and 10° W (figs. 2, 3, 5 and 6). The high values of temperature-differences near the sea-bottom in about 550 m between March and May 1959 (fig. 4), reach a maximum of 4°C and indicate very great variations in the overflow itself.

Description: A literature survey of oceanographic observations off the east coast of India is presented. For Waltair it is suggested that during fall the tendency for sinking is counterbalanced by the salinity stratification. Strong vertical mixing depresses the surface concentration of oxygen heavily. Nutrients are brought up at the same time as indicated by phytoplankton blooms. The river discharge during southwest monsoon does not contribute important amount of phosphate phosphorus to the sea. - Markedly seasonal blooms of phytoplankton are not observed off Madras as there is no marked seasonal upwelling. - Other areas in the northern Bay of Bengal are mentioned.

Description: Zur Entwicklung von Schaltungen zur Temperaturkompensation in Salzgehaltsmeßgeräten, die die elektrische Leitfähigkeit messen, aber den Salzgehalt direkt anzeigen, ist es oft zweckmäßig, die tatsächliche Leitfähigkeit zu ersetzen durch das Produkt der Leitfähigkeit bei 35 ‰ Salzgehalt und einer Funktion des Salzgehaltes. Hierfür werden zwei Salzgehaltsfunktionen berechnet, und zwar die erste so, daß der mittlere quadratische Fehler in der Leitfähigkeit möglichst klein ist und die zweite entsprechend für den kleinsten Fehler im Salzgehalt. Diese Funktionen sind in einer Tabelle gegeben, die Fehler in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Salzgehalt als Kurven. For the development of temperaturc compcnsating circuits for salinometers that measure conductivity and indicate salinity it is suitable to substitute the real electrical conductivity by the product of the conductivity at 35 ‰ s and a function of the salinity. In this paper two funclions of salinity are computed: The first one in such a manner that the mean square error in conductivity is a minimum, the second one that the error in salinity is a minimum. The functions are shown in a table. The errors are plotted versus temperature and salinity.

Description: Es werden zwei Vertreter der neuen Familie Xarifiidae (Crust. Copepoda) beschrieben, Xarifia maldivensis und X. fimbriata n.g.n.sp. Sie leben als Schmarotzer auf Riffkorallen (Poccillopora) und wurden von der Xarifa-Expedition 1957 /58 im Gebiet der Malediven (Indischer Ozean) gesammelt. Die neue Familie ist in die Nähe der Lamippidae zu stellen, unterscheidet sich aber durch die Segmentierung des Körpers, durch gut entwickelte Mundteile, ausgeprägten Sexualdimorphismus bei den Maxillipeden und durch fünf Beinpaare, von denen die vorderen vier deutliche Endopoditen tragen.

Description: Für ozeanographische Messungen (Temperatur, Strömung) auf dem Schelfgebiet (0-200 m) wird ein Beobachtungsmast aus Al-Mg 3 beschrieben. Ein Schreibgerät registriert die Werte im Abstand von 30 sec in einem Gehäuse am Meeresboden. Der Schreiber wird durch Batterien gespeist und arbeitet zur Zeit 4 1/2 Tage. Ein schematisches Bild der Anlage gibt Abb. 13. Messungen mit der neuen Anlage aus der westlichen Ostsee werden mitgeteilt (Abb. 19-24). A mast consisting of noncorrodible AlMg 3 has been constructed for oceanographical measurements in the shelf area (0-200 m). lt consists of several collapsible 10 m-tubes and an iron case anchoring the mast. The case contains an electrical strip-chart-recorder, a transformer and batteries and a buoy (fig. 13). The divice records every 30 sec temperature or velocity and operates 4 1/2 days. Results from the Baltic are presented in figures 19-24.

Description: Es wird der Versuch unternommen, an Hand von 84 Längsschnitten durch die Kieler Förde in den Jahren 1952-57 die vorherrschenden Schichtungstypen in ihrer Abhängigkeit von der wetterlage darzustellen. Durch Mittelbildungen aus allen Salzgehaltsbeobachtungen wird ein Bild der mittleren Schichtungsverhältnisse gewonnen. Der Einfluß der Jahreszeiten auf die thermohaline Schichtung geht aus den mittleren Verhältnissen im Februar, Mai, Juli, Oktober und Dezember hervor. Sie sind gegen den Frühling und Sommer zu durch zunehmende vertikale Gradienten, gegen Herbst und Winter durch abnehmende Schichtung infolge stärkerer Durchmischung im Stromgebiet der Belte und durch fortschreitende Abkühlung charakterisiert. Um die Einwirkungen der Großwetterlage zu zeigen, werden die Schichtungsverhältnisse an 16 ausgewählten Beispielen erörtert, die von den mittleren Verhältnissen stärker abweichen und die Einflüsse der drei Hauptwetterlagen - sommerliche Hochdrucklage, Westwetterlage, Ostwetterlage - klar erkennen lassen. Zur Klärung der Zusammenhänge mit der vorausgegangenen Witterung werden meteorologische und hydrographische Faktoren - Oberflächentemperatur und -salzgehalt sowie Wasserstand im Kieler Hafen, örtlicher Luftdruck, nordsüdlicher Luftdruckgradient und vorherrschende Winde - herangezogen und z. T. miteinander korreliert. Die Unterschiede in der zeitlichen Folge der Schichtungstypen während der witterungsmäßig voneinander abweichenden Jahre 1952 und 1953 (Winter-Frühjahr) sowie 1954 und 1955 (Sommer-Herbst) werden an Isoplethendiagrammen dargestellt.

Description: An 13 Längsschnitten, die vom Verfasser in elf verschiedenen Monaten der Jahre 1953-1955 aufgenommen worden sind, wird die vertikale Verteilung des Salzgehalts für die gesamte Kanalstrecke Port Said-Suez dargestellt und zugleich eine erste Vorstellung von ihren jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen gewonnen. Einen tieferen Einblick in den jährlichen Gang gewähren Jahreskurven des Salzgehalts an ausgewählten Stationen für die drei natürlichen Regionen des Kanals: Das Gebiet um Port Said, das Bitter-See-Gebiet und das Gebiet um Suez. Isoplethendiagramme des Salzgehalts veranschaulichen die jahreszeitlichen und regionalen Veränderungen des Salzgehalts in 0,6 und 12 m Tiefe. Die 44 ‰ Isohaline erweist sich hierbei als eine klare Abgrenzung der zentralen Wassermassen des Bitter-See-Gebietes gegenüber den peripheren des Suez- bzw. Port-Sais-Gebietes.

Description: Zur Untersuchung des Salzwassereinflusses auf limnische Organismen wurden Klone von Lemnaceen (speziell Lemna minor) in verschiedenen Medien kultiviert. In Kulturen mit Nordseesalz gedieh Lemna minor bis 14 ‰ (Vorkommensgrenze in der Natur ca. 3 ‰). Bis zu dieser Konzentration erfolgte die Bildung neuer „Blätter". In Salzgehaltskulturen nahm die Länge der Wurzeln ab, die Pflanzen ab 10 ‰ waren praktisch wurzellos. Es nahm ferner die Größe der „Blätter" ab. Die Größenabnahme war durch Verkleinerung der Zellen bedingt. Versuche mit anderen Salzwassern (Ostsee-Wasser, Kaspisee-Wasser) ergab besseres Wachstum, besonders in Kaspisee-Wasser. Versuche mit einseitigen Salzlösungen ergaben noch gutes Wachstum mit NaCl und besonders CaCl2, herabgesetztes mit KCl und MgCl2. Gemische mit zwei Salzen als Salzgehaltsspender ergaben gute Resultate besonders mit Ca-Salzen. Das relativ gleichmäßige Verhalten in einseitigen Lösungen macht einen Einfluß geringer Verschiebungen der Salzgehaltskomponente auf die Verbreitung von Lemna unwahrscheinlich (abgesehen von einer Förderung durch Ca-Steigerung). In vielen Kulturen ergab sich ein besonders gefördertes Gedeihen (Vermehrung, Wurzellänge, Zellgröße) in schwachen Salzlösungen, also die Erscheinung der Brackwasser-Stimulation. Eine Sonderwirkung des Salzgehaltes bei ca. 8 ‰ wird in manchen Kulturen erkennbar.

Description: Die Unterschiede in den Temperatur- und Salzgehalts-Adaptationen zwischen den im tieferen und im flachen Wasser vorkommenden Bodenevertebraten der deutschen Nordsee und Ostsee sind in erster Linie genotypisch artspezifisch bedingt. Jahreszeitliche und andere umweltbedingte phaenotypische Adaptationen, die durch eine größere erbliche Reaktionsbreite ermöglicht werden, finden sich nur bei Arten, die im flachen Wasser leben oder einen größeren vertikalen Verbreitungsbereich haben. Die salzgehaltsbezogenen Unterschiede innerhalb der sowohl in der Nordsee wie auch im Brackwasser der Ostsee vorkommenden Arten sind überwiegend rein phaenotypisch. The differences in temperature and salinity adaptations between bottom invertebrates living in deep and shallow waters in the German North Sea and the Baltic Sea are caused mainly by genotypical specifications. Seasonal and other environmentally induced phenotypical adaptations will be met only in species which either live in shallow water, or have a large vertical distribution. The salinity - related differences between species living both in the North Sea and in the brackish Baltic Sea are caused mainly by phenotypical adaptations.

Description: New species of the genera Achnanthes, Navicula, Amphora, Hantzschia, and Nitzschia ancl a new genus Hustedtiella, are describecd

Description: Aufgaben und Ergebnisse einer Forschungsfahrt von F. K. "Hermann Wattenberg" in der östlichen und mittleren Ostsee im Sommer 1960 werden angeführt. An der starken Streuung der hydrographischen Faktoren, die nach Dauermessungen auf vier Ankerstationen vorhanden ist, sind interne Wellen und unvollkommene isotropische Vermischung beteiligt. Die große Streubreite der Beobachtungen setzt allgemein den Wert von Einzelmessungen in der Ostsee stark herab. Tasks and results of a research cruise of research cutter "Hermann Wattenberg" into the Eastern and Central Baltic in summer 1960 are stated. The strong deviation of the hydrographic factors, which is present according to permanent measurements at four anchoring stations, is partly due to internal waves and incomplete isotropic mixing. The broad range of deviation of the observations generally reduces the value of single measurements in the Baltic.

Description: Die Hypotonieresistenz mariner Rotalgen aus der Nordsee (Helgoland) und der Ostsee (Kattegat, Kieler Bucht) wird vergleichend untersucht. Dabei ergibt sich bei den vergleichbaren Delesseriaceen, daß die nach den bisherigen Literaturangaben zu erwartenden Resistenzunterschiede zwischen Nordsee- und Ostseeformen nicht vorhanden sind. Bestätigt wird die hohe Hypotonieempfindlichkeit von Plocamium coccineum aus der Nordsee; auffallend ist andererseits die hohe Hypotonieresistenz einiger Rotalgen aus dem südlichen Kattegat, obwohl diese Arten im Gebiet der Kieler Bucht nicht vorkommen. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse diskutiert im Hinblick auf die Ökologie und Biologie der untersuchten Arten. Konstitutionell gegebene Salzgehaltstoleranzen scheinen bei der Besiedlung des Brackwassers eine größere Rolle zu spielen als ökologisch bedingte Modifikationen der Resistenzgrenzen. Es ist jedoch notwendig, die Resistenzuntersuchungen auf die reproduktiven Stadien auszudehnen. The hypotonic resistance of marine red algae from the North Sea (Helgoland) and the Baltic (Kattegat, Kiel Bay) is compared. Differences in the resistance of corresponding Delesseriaceae from the Baltic and North Sea as expected from former publications turned out to be not existent. The high hypotonic sensitivity of Plocamium coccineum from the North Sea is confirmed; striking on the other hand is the high hypotonic resistance of some red algae from the southern Kattegat, though these species do not occur in the Kiel Bay. Finally the results are discussed with regard to the ecology and biology of the investigated species. Constitutionally given tolerances to salinity seem to be of greater importance at the settlement in brackish water than ecologically conditioned modifications of the resistance limits. It is necessary, however, to extend the investigations of resistance to the reproductive stages.

Description: Die·Echogramme der Forschungsfahrten von V. F. S. "Gauß" (Sommer 1957, Weiserkarte Tafel 1) und F. F. S. "Anton Dohrn" (Sommer 1958, IGJ, Weiserkarte Tafel 6) wurden im Hinblick auf die Topographie des Reykjanes-Rückens ausgewertet. Die zeichnerische Darstellung der insgesamt 54 Echolotprofile erfolgt in 50-facher Überhöhung. Die abstandsgetreue Reihenanordnung der Profile (Tafel 2-5 und 7) ermöglicht einen Überblick über den Gesamtverlauf des Rückens, seine morphologischen Details und somit auch die Beantwortung einiger Spezialfragen zur Topographie: a. Der Reykjanes-Rücken verläuft ohne Unterbrechung zwischen Südwest-Island und 55 °N. b. Die Hauptrichtung des Rückens ist NE/SW. c. Der Kamm des Rückens besitzt durchweg Tiefen kleiner als 1000 m und erreicht im NE Tiefen von unter 200 m (in Schelfnähe). d. Das Relief des Rückens ist besonders kompliziert, wobei vor allem die Kammregion durch mannigfaltige Formen stark gegliedert ist, während die seitlichen Abhänge bei den meisten Profilen zwar steil, aber weniger kompliziert verlaufen. e. Auffallende Beziehungen zwischen Details benachbarter Schnitte bestehen nur selten. Durchgehend vorhandene morphologische Einzelerscheinungen sind nicht erkennbar. f. Vulkanische Formen treten bei mehreren Profilen auf. g. Eine tiefe zentrale Längsspalte, wie sie das „Rift Valley" des Mittelatlantischen Rückens darstellt, läßt sich nicht erkennen, wenn auch fast alle Profile kleinere Einsenkungen im Kamm aufweisen. Lediglich im südlichsten Profil finden sich zwei entsprechend tiefe und breite Senken. (Tafel 7)

Description: Das isolierte Kiemengewebe von Mytilus edulis (Ostsee-Exemplare) aus Brackwasser von 15 ‰ S hat einen um etwa 50% höheren Sauerstoffverbrauch als das gleiche Gewebe von Nordsee-Exemplaren aus Meerwasser von 30 ‰ S. Das isolierte Mantelrandgewebe der Ostsee-Exemplare hat einen um etwa 10% höheren Sauerstoffverbrauch. Die Pericardialdrüsen von Ostsee-Exemplaren haben den gleichen Sauerstoffverbrauch wie die von Nordsee-Exemplaren. - Nach Überführung von Ostsee-Exemplaren in normales Meerwasser nimmt der Sauerstoffverbrauch des Kiemengewebes ab. - Durch Zusatz von Glucose, Succinat, Pyruvat und Malat zum Atmungsmedium wird der Sauerstoffverbrauch des überlebenden Gewebes (Kiemen, Mantelrand) gesteigert. - Der respiratorische Quotient des isolierten Kiemengewebes beträgt in reinem Meerwasser O,76 bis O,78. Nach Zugabe von Glucose zum Medium beträgt er 0,90. - Das Kiemengewebe kleiner Muscheln hat einen höheren Sauerstoffverbrauch als das großer Individuen. Zusatz von Glucose erhöht die Gewebeatmung bei kleinen Muscheln stärker als bei größeren Individuen. - Das Homogenat des Kiemengewebes von Ostsee-Exemplaren hat, unabhängig von der osmotischen Konzentration des Atmungsmediums, einen höheren Sauerstoffverbrauch als das von Nordsee-Exemplaren. Nach Anpassung von Nordsee-Exemplaren an Brackwasser ist der Sauerstoffverbrauch ihres Kiemenhomogenates erhöht. Das Homogenat der Mitteldarmdrüsen von Nord- und Ostsee-Exemplaren hat den gleichen Sauerstoffverbrauch. - Die Dehydrogenasenaktivität des Kiemenhomogenates von Ostsee-Exemplaren ist um 60% größer als die von Nordsee-Exemplaren. Nach Anpassung der Nordsee-Exemplare an Brackwasser ist die Dehydrogenasenaktivität des Kiemenhomogenates erhöht.

Description: Aus der Literatur und nach eigenen Messungen werden neue Mittelwerte für eine Tabelle der Plankton-Äquivalente abgeleitet (Tabelle 7). Bemerkenswert ist das gefundene hohe Verhältnis Trocken-/Lebendgewicht für Diatomeen und Periclineen. Die Berechnung des Volumens der organischen Substanz aus gezählten Planktern nach Lohmann (1908) wird beschrieben, die zu erwartenden Fehler werden abgeschätzt. Eine Untersuchung der Beziehung zum Eiweißgehalt (Abb. 1) ergab, daß mit der organischen Substanz nach Lohmann im wesentlichen das Plasmavolumen bestimmt wird. Ein Vergleich mit dem Chlorophyllgehalt (Abb. 2, Tab. 6) in verschiedenen phytoplankton-Bevölkerungen ergab wechselnde Chlorophyllmengen innerhalb und außerhalb der autotrophen Organismen. Zur Bestimmung des Plankton-Trockengewichts werden verschiedene Wege untersucht. Dabei wird eine Berechnung aus dem Eiweißgehalt nicht ungenauer als eine Ableitung aus dem Verdrängungsvolumen der Plankter.

Description: Im Anschluß an das Internationale „Overflow"-Unternehmen im Gebiet des Island-Färöer-Rückens (Juni 1960) wurde die Topographie der steil aufragenden Anton-Dohrn-Kuppe (φ = 57 °30'N, λ = 11° 10'W) mit F. F. S. "Anton Dohrn" untersucht. Die geringste Tiefe der Kuppe beträgt 521 m, das kreisförmige Gipfelplateau besitzt Tiefen zwischen 600 und 900 m gegenüber Tiefen von 1800 bis 2300 m in der Umgebung (Tafel 1-3). Als auffallendste Erscheinung wird eine ringförmige Mulde erkannt, die den symmetrischen Kegel unmittelbar am Fuß umgibt und die 30-150 m tiefer ist als der angrenzende Tiefseeboden. Im Abstand von etwa 10 sm verläuft eine sanfte Schwelle halbkreisförmig von SW über NW nach NE um die Kuppe. Eine Erklärung der ringförmigen Mulde durch Absinken des gesamten Kegels sowie eine zweite durch relativ geringe Sedimentation am Fuß der Kuppe werden diskutiert. Eine Entscheidung bleibt sedimentgeologischen und geophysikalischen Untersuchungen vorbehalten. After the International Overflow operation in the area of the Iceland-Faroe Ridge in June 1960 the topography of the steep rising Anton-Dohrn seamounl (φ = 57°30'N, = λ 11°10'W) was investigated with F. R. S. "Anton Dohrn". The lowest depth of the seamount is 521 m; the circular summit plateau has depths between 600 and 900 m against depths of 1800 to 2300 m in the environment (table 1-3). In addition, - as the most distinctive phenomenon, - a ring-shaped depression can be perceived, which surrounds the base of the symmetrical cone immediately and which is 30-150 m deeper than the neighboring deep sea bottom. In a distance of about 10 sm, a gentle rise runs semicircular from SW over NW to NE around the seamount. An interpretation of the development of the circular depression either by a sinking of the entire cone or by relatively slight sedimentation at the seamount's base is being discussed. A decision will be left to sedimentgcological and geophysical investigations.