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  • Articles  (2,281)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2,281)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (2,281)
  • Physics  (2,281)
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  • Articles  (2,281)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collision-activated dissociation studies of alkylamines formed from copper-induced dealkylation of N-alkylporphyrins (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 406-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A low-energy (5-450 eV) collision-activated dissociation (CAD) study of a series of aliphatic amines revealed that at collision energies above 200 eV, charge-site-initiated fragmentation occurs. The resulting fragment ions can be utilized in the characterization of alkyl substituents of di- and trisubstituted aliphatic amines. In the presence of Cu2+ and a suitable nucleophile, such as n-dodecylamine, N-alkyl protoporphyrins dealkylate to afford copper protoporphyrin and an alkyl-dodecylamine adduct. A CAD study of a number of alkyl-dodecylamine adducts derived from the copper-induced dealkylation of synthetic N-alkyl protoporphyrins, using charge-site-initiated fragment ions, showed that the alkyl group was trapped by the nucleophilic amine present. Subsequently this method was used to identify the alkyl group of a biologically derived N-alkyl protoporphyrin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041013
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The analysis of smokestack samples for dioxins by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 418-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A CONCEPT 1 SQ hybrid mass spectrometer has been used to show the potential of high resolution mass spectrometry and hybrid tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for dioxin analysis. The usual method chosen for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) is selected-ion monitoring (SIM) at high resolution, the high resolution imparting a degree of specificity to the analysis. An alternative technique is to use low resolution (1000) gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on a hybrid mass spectrometer, where the specificity of MS/MS is utilized. Data are presented illustrating the potential of both techniques from a single instrument, the CONCEPT 1 SQ.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041016
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproducing daughter-ion spectra using the transmission oscillation properties of quadrupole collision cells (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transmission oscillation properties of parent ions through an RF-only quadrupole are investigated as a function of collision energy, radicfrequency of the quadrupole, and type and pressure of target gas. It is shown that small variations of collision energy can result in substantial differences in daughter-ion spectra obtained from the same parent ion. Since absolute values of collision energy are difficult to determine, reproducible daughter-ion spectra are problematical to acquire.In this work we show that reproduction of daughter-ion spectra, using the transmission properties of the collision cell, is possible. The characteristics of an RF-only quadrupole (Q*) are such that the parent ion intensity at the second detector varies as a function of collision energy and displays sinusoidal properties. By using the nodes and anti-nodes of the parent-ion transmission it is possible to achieve reproducible daughter-ion spectra of a wide range of biopolymers. The tuning of Q* is mass-dependent and not compound-dependent. Hence it is possible to optimize and tune Q* using an isobaric (or almost) standard such as one of the ions of perfluorotri-n-butylamine (electron ionization) or a glycerol cluster ion (fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry) before subjecting valuable sample to tandem mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and fast-atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry of some monosaccharide oximes (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 432-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The oximes of monosaccharides have not been well characterized by mass spectrometry. Conventional electron ionization (EI) experiments have supported the structures of these compounds but the data produced are usually equivocal (Finch and Merchant, JCS Perkin 1, 1682 (1975)). The application of fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry to monosaccharide oximes gives molecular weight information. However, little fragmentation is observed and it is not possible to distinguish between stereoisomers. Using fast-atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry experiments, we have produced daughter-ion spectra which are sufficiently different to enable us to distinguish between the stereoisomers of the oximes of monosaccharides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041019
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fast-atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry screening procedure for the presence of involatile sulphonated dyestuff intermediates (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 436-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The introduction of more rigorous regulations aimed at controlling the use of sulphonated dyestuffs and dyestuff intermediates has pointed to the need for screening methods for the presence of these involatile compounds. Although much work has been caried out recently on the mass spectrometric behaviour of these compounds, it has been concerned principally with the production of molecular weight information using novel ionization methods rather than with any attempt to obtain structurally diagnostic fragment ions. In this mass spectrometric investigation of a range of naphthalene sulphonic acid salts, positive-ion and negative-ion fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra have been obtained and FAB-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been used to acquire spectra (daugher-ion, parent-ion and neutral-loss) in an attempt to develop a useful screening method. On known compounds, best results were found when using a negative-ion neutral-loss scan to detect the loss of 64 mass units (corresponding to loss of SO2). This was confirmed by successful use of this scan to screen a sample of sulphonate residues.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041020
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calendar of events (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041028
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation of the metastable dieckmann ester molecular ion: Loss of carbon monoxide (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 488-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structure of the ionized enol of methyl 4-buteneoate ([10]+·) is proposed for the [M-CO]+· ions from the metastable Dieckmaann ester 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate molecular ion. This proposal is based on a comparison of the metastable-ion mass spectra and the kinetic energy releases of these ions with the same data of an authentic ion [10]+·.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of arachidonic-acid-containing molecular species in glycerophospholipid classes from rat kidney by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 495-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The qualitative analysis of the molecular species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine from a rat kidney, by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry after separation and purification by liquid chromatography is described. The present results indicate that a high content of arachidonic-acid-containing molecular species within major glycerophospholipid classes is present in this biological sample.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-ionization-Induced fragmentation of N-monosubstituted 2-phenylacetamides (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 498-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron-ionization-induced mass spectra of N-monosubstituted 2-phenylacetamides were recorded and their fragmentation patterns were studied by metastable-ion analyses. Representative deuterated analogues of these compounds have also been synthesized and their mass spectra compared with those of the unlabelled parent compounds. The most typical fragmentation for N-alkyl-, N-isoalkyl- and N-cycloalkyl-2-phenylacetamides is cleavage of the bond β to the carbonyl function, resulting in an ion fragment of m/z 92, following the transfer of hydrogen and elimination of a corresponding ketene. The primary fragmentation process for N-aryl substituted 2-phenylacetamides is the loss of an aromatic hydrogen atom from the molecular ion. The other principal fragmentation processes observed with these compounds are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041204
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oil/oil correlation based on gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of polycyclic biomarkers (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polycyclic biomarkers such as steranes, diasteranes and tri-, tetra- and pentacyclic terpanes in the hydrocarbon fraction of oils were studied by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis in order to correlate six crude oils. Distribution and abundance of these biomarkers were determined for the samples from the Kikinda, Mokrin (Vojvodina) and Požarevac oil fields (two samples for each oil field). The SIM (single-ion monitoring) method was used for the analysis of steranes and terpanes. Individual steranes, terpanes and their stereoisomers were identified by the comparison of obtained retention times with those quoted in the literature. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the oils from the Kikinda and Mokrin (Vojvodina) fields belong to the same genetic type, while the oil from the Požarevac field belongs to another type. It was also found that the oils from the Kikinda and Mokrin fields were of a higher degree of maturity than the oils from the Požarevac field.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041207
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry in the analysis of oligosaccharides (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The analysis of intact neutral oligosaccharides by on-line liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry is described. Molecular-weight information on oligomers up to a degree of polymerization of 10 is obtained using an aqueous mobile phase containing 10-4 mol/L sodium acetate, which was found to be compatible with thermospray interfacing and ionization. Ions due to sodiated and disodiated oligosaccharides are observed under these conditions without fragmentation. The aqueous 10-4 mol/L sodium acetate mobile phase is demonstated to be applicable in the separation of mixtures of oligosaccharides on a reversed-phase octadecyl-modified silica column.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060309
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative-ion fast-atom bombardment mass spectra of fluorosilicates. Reactivity of matrices (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 206-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Negative-ion fast-atom bombardment mass spectra of fluorosilicates allow their identification. Both a glycerol matrix and a m-nitrobenzyl alcohol matrix show specific reactivities towards the anions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060311
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triphosphorus disulfide: The elusive P3S2· radical generated and identified by neutralization/reionization mass spectrometryDedicated to Professor John L. Holmes on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dissociative ionization by electron impact (70 eV) of terraphosphorus trisulfide, P4S3, yields P3S2+ ions whose neutralization/reionization mass spectrum shows that the elusive P3S2· radical is a viable species in the rarefied gas phase. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations indicate that the structure of this radical is that of a planar five-membered PPSPS ring of C2v symmetry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060310
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry of oligodeoxythmidylic acids (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferulic acid, sinapinic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybendoic acid (DHBA) have been tested as matrix materials for matrix-asserted laser desorption of the pure oligonucleotide pd(T)12 and a mixture of oligonucleotides pd(T)12 through pd(T)18 using pulsed 337 nm radiation combined with reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The three matrix materials are compared with respect to obtainable mass resolution, degree of fragmentation, and adduct formation, as well as the highest mass resolution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060312
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C60 and C70 fullerene isomers generated in flames. Detection and verification by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysesNRCC No. 33014. (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 214-220 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fullerenes C60 and C70, generated by combustion, have been shown previously to be produced in controlled laminar flames accompanied by other compounds having fullerene-like characteristics. Analysis of these additional compounds by hith-performance liquid chromatography, coupled on-line with mass spectrometry has identified them as isomers of the C60 and C70 fullerenes. The newly observed isomers have characteristic UV spectra and are thermally unstable, undergoing conversion to the more stable fullerenes with a half-life of about 1 h in boiling toluene (111°C). Isomers of C60 and C70 fullerenes previously have been studied theoretically, but not observed experimentally. The flame-generated material also contains C60O and C70O compounds, as well as C76 and higher carbon clusters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060313
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editor (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060316
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase chemistry of first transition series carbonyl metallate ions, [Metal(CO)x]-: Reactions with 13C- and 18O-Labelled carbon dioxide. A Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance study (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 221-223 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gas-phase reactions between 13CO2 and C18O2 and a series of carbonyl metallate ions [Metal(CO)x]- with x=3, 4 for the metals chromium, manganese, iron and also x=2 for iron, have ben examined at low pressures by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. while the 16-and 17-electron ions [Mn(CO)4]- and [Fe(CO)4]- were unreactive, both ligand displacement and oxidative reactions have been identified for the other 13-, 14- and 15-electron metal-ion systems as a consequences of Metal-C, O=13 and 18O=C cleavages in [(CO)x. Metal. η2-OCO]- intermidiates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060314
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extent of internal excitation of the protonated molecules of some liquid martices bombarded by keV Cs+ ion beams (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 224-228 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In an attempt to probe the extent of internal excitation of protonated ions formed by positive fast-ion bombardment, the protonated molecules of four commonly used liquid matrices are formed by means of the above technique and their respective mass-selected collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra are investigated within the collision energy range, 5-200 eV (in the laboratory frame of references). These measurements are also repeated for the same four precursor ions formed by means of positive-ion chemical ionization in two different reagent gases, NH3 and CH4. The observed dissociation channels and the relative peak heights associated with them imply that the internal excitation of protonated molecules formed by fast-ion bombardment is much higher than that associated with the protonated ions formed in positive-ion ammonia CI(NH3-CI+). On the other hand, close resemblance between the CID spectra of ions formed by the first technique, by CH4-CI+ and by electron ionization is clearly evident.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060315
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product announcement (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041221
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Calendar of evnets (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290041222
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991) 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050101
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  • 23
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    Mass spectrometry in environmental analysis (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 11-14 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The coupling of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry provides the most useful technique for structure elucidation and quantitative analysis of organic compounds in environmental samples. The technique finds its application in all environmental media: air, water, wastes, soil, particularly in connection with reliable sampling and sample preparation. Alternative separation and ionization techniques are used in practice on special occassions, such as the assessment of the health hazard caused by an unknown compound, when structure elucidation cannot be performed by the standard gas chromatography/mass spectrometry equipment.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050104
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  • 24
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    Observation of the fullerene anions C60- and C70- by electrospray ionization (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 254-256 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mass spectsrometric investigation on the fullerence C60 and C70 was performed using electsdrospray ionization. C60-, C60O2-, C70-, and C70O2- ions were detected by reducing C60 and C70 using Nak amalgam in benzene + dimethoxyethane solvent. C70- was found to be much more reactive than C60- in solution.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060406
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Negative-mode electrospray-mass spectrometry using nonaqueous solvents (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 265-268 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nonaqueous solvents suitable for negative-mode electrospray-mass spectrometry were investigated. Mixtures of methanol with benzene and with carbon tetrachloride were found to be the best solvents. Negative ions of 10-9 M concentrations of surface-active agents in these solutions could be detected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060408
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Synchronized collision-cell energy ramping. Improving the quality of product-ion spectra (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 269-271 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The design and use of an RF-only collision-cell ramp generator is described. The generatio controls the collision energy voltage applied to the RF-only collision cell in a hybrid mass spectrometer of BEqQ geometry. The generator enables the collision-cell voltage to be increased or decreased in a linear ramp, over the full 500 V available. The start/stop functions of the ramp are synchronized under data system control to the scan of the quadrupole mass analyser. The collision-induced dissociation spectra so produced show an increase in the product ion abundance.
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    The implementation and application of precursor-ion scanning using a four-sector instrument (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 272-277 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Precursor-ion scanning, in which all ions that fragment to form a selected product ion are detected, has been implemented on a four-sector instrument. The various experimental parameters associated with the experiment i.c., prcursor mass range, product and precursor ion resolution, collision energy and mass-measurement accuracy have been established via a series of experiments, Brief examples of the use of the technique in the characterization of synthetic polymers, quaternary salts and peptieds are described together with the analysis of a mixture of phthalate esters.
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    Evidence for a lysine-specific fragmentation in fast-atom bombardment mass spectra of peptides (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 257-264 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A fragmentation proccess observed for peptides that contain lysine, or other amino acids which possess a free amino group on their sidechain, is reported. The ions generated by this process are found 16 Da below the acylium-type B ions that result from fragmentation at the C-terminal side of lysine or other amine-containing residues in fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra. These ions, which are referred to as (B - 16) ions, permit differentiation between the isobaric amino acids lysine and glutamine in peptide mass spectra. High resolution measurements indicate that (B - 16) ions differ in composition from the corresponding B ions by the removal of one oxygen atom. Formation is believed to occur through a cyclization process initiated by nucleophilic attack by the free amino group of the lysine sidechain at the carbon of the acylium ion (B ion). A similar process initiated derectly from the protonated peptide may also occur. Analogous cyclization processes are restricted for glutamine because this residue is comparatively less nucleophilic than lysine (i.e., amide vs amine). Although (B - 16) ions have been detected under high energy collisionally induced dissociation, they are formed less readily than by FAB mass spectrometry. A mechanism consistent jwith this observation as well as other experimental evidence is presented to account for the formation of (B - 16) ions.
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    The components of the venom of a spider Scodra griseipes. 1. Analysis of low molecular weight products using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 289-292 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low molecular weight venom constituents of the spider Scodra griseipes have been derivatized using bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoracetamide and pentafluoropropionic anhydride. Examinatio of these derivatives by coupled gas chromatogrtaphy/mass spectrometry using electron ionization or ammonia- or isobutane-chemical ionization allows their structural identification. Comparisons have also made with retention time and mass spectra of the pure compounds. Four acids: phosphoric, lactic, citric, Y-aminobutyric (neurotransmitter0 and four basic biogenic amines: putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine have been found.
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    Matrix-assisted laser desorption using a fast-atom bombardment ion source and a magnetic mass spectrometer (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 298-302 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A conventional fast-atom bombardment (FAB) ion source was used to achieve matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD) in a high-mass, double-focusing, magnetic mass spectrometer. The pulsed ion signals generated by irradiation of a mixture of sample and matrix (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) with either a XeF excimer Laser (353 nm) or a nitrogen laser (337 nm) were recorded with a focal-plane detector. A resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 4500 was achieved at m/z 1347.7 (the peptide substance P), 2500 for CsI cluster ions at m/z 10005.7, and 1250 for the isotope cluster of the small protein cytochrome c (horse) [M+H]+=m/z 12360 (average). Sensitivity is demonstrated with 11 fmol of substance P. A survey scan is taken to prodluce a better signal-to-noise ratio. In addition to higher sensitivity and lower matrix interference, lthe advantage of MALD over FAB is the former's lower susceptibility to the presence of salts, and competition between hydrophobic and bydrophilic components of a mixture. This feature is demonstrated by the complete MALD spectrum of a crude partial tryptic digest of spedrm-whale apomyoglobin, containing 24 peptides, representing the entire sequence of this protein.
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    Control of ion kinetic energy in ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry: Very-low-energy collision-induced dissociation (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 303-305 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel means of effecting collision-induced dissociation of molecular ions for use in conjuction with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry is reported. Using an electronic circuit external to the ICR hardware and software, ions are continuously acceperated and decelerated over a period of hundreds of milliseconds by rledpreatedly shifting the phase of the radio frequency excitation driving signal by 180°. At low kinetic energies, a succession of collisions which transfer small amounts of energy favors the lowest energy fragmentation pathway and allows ions with large activation energies to fragmentation of n-butylbenzene cation and by extremely large secondary isotope effects in the dissociation of t-butoxide-d6 anion.
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    Gas-phase silane oligomerization by the isovalent rare earth ions Sc+, Y+ and Lu+Presented at the NATO Advanced Study Instiltute on Energetics of Organometallic Species, Curia, Portuga, September 1991. (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 306-307 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The gas-phase reactions between silane and three isovalent metal ions Sc+, y+ and Lu+ are investigated using a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. In contrast to its carbon analogue methane, silane exhibits very different behaviour towards these three metal ions. Lu+ is unreactive sdtowards silane even with a translational activation of the metal ion. The reaction is slow and endothermic with Sc+. It leads first to the formation of ScH+, and ScSIH2+, and then to the formation fo ScSiH3+. Slow sequential reactions are observed with the ion ScSiH2+ to give ScSinH2n+, ScSinH2n-2+, ScSinH2n-4+ and ScSin+ up to a value of n=3. By contrast to Sc+, only the emtal silylene ion YSiH2+ is observed in the tirst step of the rapid and exothermic reaction of Y+ with silane. YSiH2+ then undergoes a rapid sequintial reaction to give YSinH2n+ and YSinH2n-2+, ions up to a value of n=7.
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    Unequivocal discrimination between consecutive and competing collisionally induced decompositions in an ion trap (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 641-646 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Discrimination between consecutive and competing collisionally induced decomposition (CID) reactions can easily be obtained by a new pocedure consisting of the collisional activation of a parent ion and the simultaneous ejection of one of its daughter ions in an ion trap. This is done by applying, during a single storage phase, a DC voltage appropriate to induce fragmentation (‘boundary’ activation) of the parent and, at the same time, a ‘tickling’ RF potential, sufficient to eject a selected daughter ion rapidly from the trap. Several examples are reported which illustrate the capabilities of the procedure in establishing fragmentation pathways e.g., to determine whether a daughter ion is formed in a stepwise process involving an intermediate primary fragment rather than from the direct fragmentation of the parent ion. Salient features of this technique are discussed.
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    Characterization of iminopropadienone ions and neutrals in a tandem mass spectrometer (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 667-670 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Radical-cations of iminopropadienones (RN=C=C=C=O+·) have been generated by dissociative ionization of isoxazle precursors a structurally characterized by collisional activation mass spectrometry; the corresponding neutral cumulenes have also been produced in a tandem mass spectrometer by neutralization and/or flash-vacuum pyrolysis experiments.
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    Determination of active hydrogen in organic compounds by electron-impact mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 679-683 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report here detailed studies of Bose et al.'s (J. Org. Chem. 47, 4008 (1982)) simple method for obtaining electron-impact (EI) mass spectra from non-volatile and/or thermolabile organic compounds by using ammonium salts. Good quality mass spectra can be obtained by mixing the analyte with different ammonium salts (mainly with NH4Cl) in a given ratio, the mixture being introduced through a conventonal direct probe. A wide variety of ammonium salts has been used to study the effect of the anion and to determine the optimum analyte:NH4X ratio and the other experimental parameters (i.e., electron energy, source temperature etc). A very simple and cheap means of determination of active hydrogen in hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, amino and amido etc groups by EI mass spectrometry using deuterated ammonium chloride (ND4CI) is described. The method is based on exchange of active hydrogen for deuterium occurring in situ in the ion source. This technique allows drect comparison of spectra before and after deuteration and the number of active hydrogens can be identified in most cases. The applicability of this method is demonstrated on different model compounds.
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    Recent events (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 784-787 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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    Calendar of events (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. iii 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    An investigation into the electron-ionization-induced mass spectrometric behaviour of some trans- and cis-substituted cycloalkylamines of pharmaceutical interest (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 1-5 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electron-ionization-induced mass spectrometric behaviour of eight cyclopentylamine and cyclohexylamine derivatives, recently synthesized, has been investigated by means of accurate mass measurements and metastable ion studies. These approaches allowed an easy structural characterization of the title compounds. In particular, mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectroscopy proved effective for the differentiation of cis- vs trans-isomers.
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    Matrix-assisted laser desorption of peptides and proteins using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 27-32 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The analytical capabilities of the combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption with a quadrupole ion trap utilizing ion injection are demonstrated using peptides and proteins with molecular weights up to 43 kDa.
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    Thermal surface ionization of quaternary ammonium salts in particle-beam mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 37-40 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The applicability of thermal surface ionization in liquid chromatography/particle-beam mass spectrometry is investigated for the analysis of quaternary ammonium compounds. The compounds are mass anlyzed in a filament-off mode of operation with a particle-beam interface. An intense signal of the molecular cations is observed, while fragmentation can be induced by gas collisions and characterized using tandem mass spectrometry. A significant gain in signal-to-noise ratio in thermal surface ionization relative to electron ionization is observed.
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    Cyclic boronates in the mass spectrometry of ecdysteroids (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 46-52 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For the structural elucidation of ecdysteroids a reaction with phenylboronic acid has been employed. This reaction takes place exclusively on the C20,C22 diol moiety, thus facilitating fast and easy detection of this moiety in the molecule od ecdysteroid. This derivatization also redirects fragmentation to C17/C20 bond cleavage with charge retention on both fragments enabling assessment of the structure both of the steroid nucleus and of the side-chain. Possible reaction of phenylboronic acid with the diol moiety of the glycosyl group of the glycoside od ecdysteroid, producing di-adduct, is demonstrated; participation of the 5β-hydroxy group of 5β,20-dihydroxyecdysone in the formation of such a di-adduct is discussed; and the role of theenol form of the 6-carbonyl group is proved.
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    The use of hydrogen-deuterium exchange to facilitate peptide sequencing by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 58-62 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The utility of hydrogen-deuterium exchange for sequencing peptides by mass spectrometry is demonstrated. The number of exchangeable hydrogens in a peptide is readily obtained by electrospray analysis of the peptide dissolved in deuterated solvents. This information can be used, in conjunction with published computer algorithms for interpreting peptide mass spectra, to reduce significantly the number of candidate sequences that fit the experimentsl data. This information, when combined with fragment-ion information in the mass spectrum, greatly increases the reliability of sequence determination.
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    Stereospecific Retro-Diels-Alder reactions in the negative-ion mass spectra of Diels-Alder adducts of substituted p-benzoquinones and glucofuranodienesCDRI Communication. (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 92-94 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The negative ions of cis- and trans-Diels-Alder adducts of p-benzoquinones and glucofuranodienes enable these stereoisomers to be differentiated because the cis- isomers undergo a highly-favoured retro-Diels-Alder reaction.
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    Erratum (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 109-109 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993) 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070201
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    Vaporization processes of borosilicate coatings studied by high temperature mass spectrometry and using an induction plasma generator (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 127-131 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new approach has been applied to study processes which take place during the thermochemical action of air (or other) plasma on heat protection materials. Vaporization processes of the borosilicate coating of ‘Buran's’ heatprotective tiles, both the initial state and after rf-entry simulation testing (up to 100 landings), were investigated by the Knudsen mass spectrometric effusion method. Modelling of the thermochemical action of the shock-layer plasma onto the front surfaces of real-scale tiles was carried out by using an induction plasma genetor of 500kW power. It was established that the thermochemical action of the plasma causes, essentially, a decrease of vapour pressure over the coating. However, despite this decrease, the pressures observed are significantly higher than those over the SiO2-B2O3 system at the same temperature, due to gas-phase SiO production by reaction between boron and silicon oxides and SiB4, which are contanied in the coating. The data available aiiow one to postulate the presence of the SiBO molecule in the gas phase. Data on mass-loss rates obtained by direct measurments after re-entry simulation compared nwell with the values calcuted from mass spectrometric data. It is suggested that the difference observed is caused by thermochemical action of atomic oxygen on the coating.
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    Differentiation of anomeric glycosyl azides using mass spectrometric methods (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 147-151 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron ionization (EI), chemical ionization and mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectra have been applied with the aim of obtaining an unambiguous differentiation between the anomeric 2,3-O-isopropylidene α-and β-D-ribofuranosyl azide derivatives. The MIKE spectra of their metastable [M — CH3]+ ions, originating from EI, showed a decomposition pattern allowing distinction between the anomers. The origin of the ions in the EI mass spectra, supported by examination of the deuterium-labelled derivatives, makes it possible to identify the actual azido group orientation in a particular anomer.
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    Randomization in the fragmentation of benzophenone (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 163-166 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hydrogen and carbon randomization in the mass spectrometric behaviour of benzophenone has been studied by deuterium and 13C-labelling. Hydrogen scrambling is involved only in the reactions of primary loss of hydrogen from molecular ions, as well as in secondary elimination of two hydrogen atoms from [M—CO]+· ions. The carbon randomization does not feature in benzophenone upon electron impact.
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    Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of an enkephalin mixture using an autospec dynamic liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometer interface (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 176-178 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A mixture of four enkephalins was separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with dynamic liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry. A newly developed screen/wick target made the method sensitive and reproducible.
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    Influence of acetylation on the [M + Na]+ ion formation of simple phenol and aniline compounds under fast-atom bombardment conditions (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 172-175 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of acetylation on the formation of sodium adduct [M + Na]+ ions, under fast-atom bombardment conditions, has been investigated using monosubstituted phenol and aniline compounds. The acetylation of o-isomers, except for the nitrophenols, highly enhanced the [M + Na]+ ion formation, while m- and p-isomers showed little effect on acetylation except for p-methoxyphenol and aniline. The favorable effect of acetylation on [M + Na]+ ion formation is explained by the conformational flexibility of C—O—Ac and G—NH—Ac functions and the carbonyl oxygen as a cation-accepting site, which are advantageous for the multisite interaction with a Na+ ion.
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    Laser mass spectrometry of dibenzodioxin, dibenzofuran and two isomers of dichlorodibenzodioxins: Selective ionization (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 183-185 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser-induced mass spectra and UV spectra of dibenzodioxin, dibenzofuran, and two isomers of dichlorodibenzodioxin measured by means of resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization in a supersonic molecular beam are presented. The UV spectra show sharp bands and large wavelength shifts both being specific to the number and position of the chlorine atoms. The mass spectra are free of fragments. Therefore the prerequisites for isomer selective ionization and detection of these substances are fulfilled. This encourages further work on polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.
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    Observation of intact (heme-bound) myoglobin by electrospray ionization on a double-focusing mass spectrometer (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 186-189 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A noncovalently bound complex, the heme-apomyoglobin protein system (Mr 17 568), was detected using electrospray ionization on a double-focusing mass spectrometer with an array detector. The kilovolt energy conditions used for ion transmission and focusing did not cause significant amounts of fragmentation of the weakly-bound complex. With a high-performance array detector, femtomolar sensitivity was achieved for myoglobin in water.
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    Determination of sulfated peptides via prompt fragmentation by UV matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 201-204 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Determination of sulfation on peptides is difficult by biochemical methods if only a few picomoles of sample are available. By varying the laser irradiance, matrix-assisted laser desorpiion/ionization mass spectra were obtained containing fragment ions diagnostic of sulfation.
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    A model for peak shape in slow-scan-rate quadrupole ion trap mass spectronnetry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 210-214 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The results of calculations are presented that address the effect of the scan rate on peak shape and position for slow-scan-irate detection in the quedrupole ion trap. The calculations are based on a model for signal detection that account for the change in the number of ions in the trap as the ejection field sweeps across a peak. The calculations predict that reduced scan rates lead to peak narrowing, peak asymmetry, and a shift in the apparent mass in the in resulting mass spectrum.
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    In situ reduction suitable for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and liquid secondary ionization using tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 225-228 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The suitability of the hydrochloride salt of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) for in situ reduction with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and liquid secondary ionization (LSI) mass spectrometry is evaluated. TCEP can be used to irreversibly reduce organic disulfldes to thiols in water and is active at an acidic pH. We found that TCEP was suitable for partial reduction of bovine insulin deposited on the target and mixed with either sinapinic acid in MALDI or glycerol and m-nitrobenzyl alcohol in LSIMS. When TCEP was added to insulin deposited on the target without prior mixing of sinapinic acid the in situ MALDI protocol resulted in almost complete reduction.
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    Charge stripping C60+ (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 238-239 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the translational energy loss accompanying the charge-stripping reactions M++N→M2++N+e- and M2++N→M3++N+e- have been performed for C60+, C70+ and C602+, C702+ respectively. The energy nesessary to remove the second electron from Buckminsterfullerene was determined, QminI=IE(C60+→C602+=12.25±0.5 eV.
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    Standard reference spectra for tandem mass spectrometry quality assurance, performance evaluation and proficiency testing: Tandem mass spectrometers which use RF-only multipole collision cells (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 245-248 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) of the acetone cation (m/z 58) can be used for quality assurance, performance evaluation, and proficiency testing of CAD measurements in tandem mass specstrometry (MS/MS) instruments which use RF-only multipole collision cells. The absolute branching ratios (product distributions) of the CAD fragment ions, when measured as a function of the center-of-mass collision energy Ecm, can provide an objective basis for quality assurance whenever MS/MS methods are used (viz, to validate how well the target thickness, ion-containment efficiency, and collision energy are being controlled in various instruments).
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    Direct evidence for degradation of esperamicin A1 with thiol confirmed by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 252-254 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A degradation of esperamicin A1, which is a potent antitumor antibiotic having DNA-cleaving activity, was studied by fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. It was proved that the degradation easily occurs via the thiol group(s) in the matrix solution and not by a FAB-induced reaction. It was concluded that from the FAB mass spectra of all non-volatile compounds, the molecular weight should be determined by using at least two chemically different matrices.
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    Peptide sequencing by matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 105-108 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel method of peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry is described. Metastable decay of laser-desorbedions, taking place in the first field-free drift region of a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer, has been monitored to get structural information from larger peptides. Fragment ions from metastable decay are mass analysed by adjusting the potentiaals of the ion reflectron according to the kinetic energies of the ions. The features of the technique and its significance for future applications are outlined.
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    Determination of the acyl moieties of the antibiotic complex A40926 and their relation with the membrane lipids of the producer strainPresented in part at the Budapest 91 Informal Meeting on Mass Spectrometry, Budapest, June 3-5, 1991. (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 109-114 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Structures of the fatty acid characterizing the various components of A40926 were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry on the methyl esters obtained by methanolysis of the complex. The results confirm the residues previously assigned to Factor A (n-Undecanoic acid) and B (10-methyl-undecanoic acid) and establish the residues of Factor A1(9-methyl-decanoic acid), B1 (n-dodecanoic acid), RS1 (8-methyl-nonanoic acid), RS2 (n-decanoic acid), and RS3 (n-tridecanoic acid). As the actinomadura species contain in their mycelia large quantities of C15-C17 fatty acid residues as membrane phospholipids, these mycelia were saponified and the fatty acids obtained were analyzed as above. There is a close correlation beterrn the fatty acid content of A40923 complex and that of longer homologues in the producer mycelia.
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    Analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds by supercritical fluid charomatography/mass spectrometry using atmospheric-pressure chemical ionizationNRCC #31956. (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 149-155 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The development of microbore packet-column supercritical fluid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (SFC/APCI-MS) for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) is described. The SFC system was coupled to the mass spectrometer using an improved interface designed to accommodate commercially available fused silica restrictors. The atmospheric pressure chemical ionization characteristics of PAC are discussed and the use of chemical ionization reagents to modify the type of spectra obtained is described. With selected-ion monitoring techniques the interface provided detection limits in the low picogram range for individual PAC standards. Using a photoionization detector for the off-line optimization of chromatographic conditions, SFC/APCI-MS was applied to the analysis of complex mixtures of PAC in coal tar and tar sand oil extracts. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to provide structural information.
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    High temperature mass spectrometry in materials research (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 175-187 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Vaporization is an important property in materials research since it limits the use of the materials at high temperatures and since valuable thermodynamic data can be determined from vapour pressures. High-temperature mass spectrometry is the most versatile method for the elucidation of vaporization processes. Numerous results have been obtained. This article describes the fundamentals of the method and gives examples of its application. These examples describe the determination of thermodynamic properties for the gaseous species and condensed phases. The materials considered are salts, alloys and graphitic materials. They are of interest for metal halide lamps, superalloys, and nuclear reactors.
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    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992) 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060301
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    Accurate mass measurement of proteins using electrospray ionization on a magnetic sector instrument (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 173-178 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Peptides and proteins with molecular weights of ca 20 000 have been mass measured with accuracies of ±0.5 Da using electrospray ionization interfaced to a double-focusing magnetic sector mass spectrometer. Factors affecting mass measurement accuracy such as resolution, peak profiles, calibration, data processing, and mass calculations are discussed.
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    News (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. i 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050417
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    Conformational changes in proteins probed by hydrogen-exchange electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 214-217 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrogen-exchange electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry is demonstrated to be an effective new method for probing conformational changes of proteins in solutions. The method is based on the mass spectrometric measurement of the extent of hydrogen/deuterium exchange that occurs in different protein conformers over defined periods of time. Results are presented in which hydrogen-exchange electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry is used to probe conformational changes in bovine ubiquitin induced by the addition of methanol to aqueous acidic solutions of the protein.
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    Charge-separation reactions of N2O cations formed by low- and high-energy ionization (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 221-225 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Triple and quardruple coincidence charge-separation spectra of nitrous oxide ionized by single low-energy photons and by high-energy electrons are reported. Low-lying states of the molecular dication, which are populated at all energies, dissociate mainly into ion pairs by two-body reactions. The reaction producing N++N+O+ is weak at low excitation energy and may occur by a very fast secondary dissociation of intermediate dinitrogen ions. At high energy a major new effect is triple ionization followed by dissociation into three atomic ions. These ion triple produce a significant spurious contribution to the spectrum of ion pairs, and several sorts of pair whih appear at high energy are mainly or entirely artifacts of this type.
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    Dyanmic ion trapping for Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Simultaneous positive- and negative-ion detection (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 166-172 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The conventional static electric potential used to trap ions fro fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry has been replaced by a low-amplitude [as low as Vac≍0.5 V for N2+] alternating (17.5kHz) electric field applied to the end caps of an ICR ion trap. Ion z-motion is then governed by a Mathieu equation, whose solution leads to a z-stability diagram for which optimal results are obtained at z-stability parameter, qz = 4qλV ac/(mω2)≍0.5, in which m/q is the ion mass-to-charge ratio, Ω is the RF frequency, and λ=2.7737/d2 for a cubic trap of edge length, d. A triangular waveform appears to be more effective than sinusoidal modulation. We demonstrate experimentally three major additional advantages of RF trapping for FTICR mass spectrometry: (a) both positive and negative ions may be trapped and detected simultaneously; (b) Magnetron motion is eliminated, along with the electrostatic radial field-induced ICR frequency shift and sidebands; and (c) mass calibration follows a simpler law (m=a/v, in which a is a constant and v is the measured ICR orbital frequency) than for electrostatic trapping (m=a/v+b/v2, in which a and b are constants). All prior FTICR mass spectrometric capabilities are preserved, except that (as in an RF-only quadrupole ion trap) optimal sensitivity is observed only for 0.4≤qz≤0.7, so that the mass-to-charge ratio range for a single FTICR mass spectrum is limited accordingly.
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    Observation of MH+, MO+, MOH+, MH-, MO- and MOH- Ions (M=C60 and C70) in fast-atom bombardment mass spectra of fullerenes (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 184-186 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: C60 and C70 in 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol and 2-nitrophenyloctylether have been investigated using both positive- and negative-ion fast-atom bombardment spectrometry. In addition to the ions, MH+, MO+ and MOH+, and corresponding MH-, MO- and MOH- ions (M—C60, C70) other ions were observed in the positive- and negative-ion mass spectra. Collision-induced dissociations of the MO+ and MOH+ ions produced the fullerene ions, indicating that the oxygen and hydroxyl were connected to the convex external surface of the fullerenes.
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    Improved accuracy of mass measurement with a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 524-527 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mass Measurement accuracy of better than 0.015% on protonated gramicidin S (nominal chemical average molecular weight 1141.5 Da) and its first three isotopes has been achieved using reasonant ion ejection in the quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer operated at unit resolution. Analyte and Calibrant ions are subjected to identical injection and trapping conditions when desorbed by Cs+ ions from a split prone-tip and co-injected into the trap. When the mass analysis scan rate is slowed, enhanced resolution is achieved for all ions but the mass range accessed in a single scan of the digital-to-analog converter, which controls the mass analysis scan, is limited making calibration difficult. A peak-matching procedure is described for use at these higher resolution conditions in which the offset voltage which determines the origin of the RF amplitude ramp is adjusted in such a fashion that the analyte and calibrant ions occur at the same point in the mass analysis scan. This procedure gave an improved mass measurement accuracy of better than 0.007% for the protonated gramicidin S. ions.
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    Sensitivity of fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry to various polymorphic forms of cortisone acetate (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 531-535 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The present paper discussses non-traditional possibilities of the applications of mass spectrometry to the detection and study of differences in crystal polymorphic forms. The parameter of fast-atom bombardment which is sensitive to different polymorphs, namely the rate of the formation of cluster ions of an analyte with the glycerol matrix, was chosen for study. Using as an example the analysis of four different samples of cortisone acetate, varying in their polymorphic forms, treatment procedures, and dispersion of the crystalinepowder, it is shown that the relative intensity of the cluster ion [MGH]+ (where M repressents the analyte and G a molecule of glycerol) differs for two of the polymorphic forms and is the same for one of these forms, whether it is obtained by recrystallization from chloroform or by cryogrinding. Analysis of the time dependences of the [MGH]+ ion intensity allowewd us to detect finer effects in the samples, associated with cryogrinding, namely differences in solubility and presumably, mechanoactivation.
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    Recent events (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 545-545 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060814
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    Comparison of the fast-atom bombardment and electrospray ionization mass spectra of meso-pyrzolylporphyrins (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 540-542 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fast-atom bombardment (FAB) and Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of meso-pyrazolylporphyrins have been studied. Both types of spectra allow one to determine the molecular weight of each compound studied. ESI mass Spectra show two further nteresting properties. First, there is addition of only one and two protons. Second, the ESI spectra show cluster ions for which the measured and theoretical isotope rations are in good occurrence of reduction phenomena prevents such a calculation from the FAB mass Spectra.
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    Sequential product-ion spectra (MS3 and MS4) with array detection and reaction-intermediate scanning on a four-sector mass spectrometer (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 553-559 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Frangmentation yields during high-energy collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) tandem mass spectrometie experiments are often low, due in part to the short time-period available for the fragmentations. Consequently, attempts at multi-stage mass spectrometry undeer high-energy CAD conditions can give unsatisfactory result when a conventional point detector is used. Arry detection dramatically improves the detection of ion currents of low abundance; we therefore incorporated arry detection in a variety of sequential product-ion ‘scanning’ experiments, including MS3 and MS4, using a BEBE instrument. The corresponding experiments were previously established on a BEqQ hybrid instrument. where the final stage of decomposition occurred under low-energy CAD conditions. The results from the hybrid were used as a basis of comparison for the results under high-energy CAD with array detection. On the BEBE instrument, the use of the array greatly enhanced the signal-to background ratio for second-and third-generation product-ion spectra, as compared to the use of the point detector on the instrument in several instances, the use of the array was criticaL to the success of the experiment on the four-sector instrument. For the peptides analyzed, the fragmentation patterns observed in the sequential product spectra were similar on the four-sector instrument and on the hybrid instrument, although the relative abundances differed between the high-and low energy CAD regimes. Reaction-intermediate scanning, involving two sequential decomposition step occurring on the microsecond high energy time scale, has also been implemented on the BEBE instrument. A New mode of reaction-intermediate scanning has also been implemented on the BEqQ hybrid instrument, permitting it to access sequential fragmentation when both occur under high-energy CAD conditions.
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    The electron-induced fragmentation of large ring cycloalkylamines. Intramolecular reactions between radical and immonium within distonic ions (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 330-335 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The unimolecular reactivity of molecular radical cations of secondary and tertiary cycloalkylamines in the gas phase is explained by the reactivity of the radical. Two competing reactions are crucial: the displacement of the radical along the hydrocarbon chanin by hydrogen transfers leading to a series of distonic ions, and the reaction of the radical with the immonium group, in each distonic ion, leading to cyclic structures. The resulting rearranged parent ions fragment subsequently by losing homelogous alkyl radicals.
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    Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry of peptide derivatives with diethylpyrocarbonate (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 336-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The reaction products of five peptides with diethylpyrocarbonate, a site-specific reagent for histidine residues and amino groups, have been synthesized, isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. Peptides containing histidine, as well as compounds resulting from the N-carboethoxylation of terminal amino groups and the histidine imidazole ring, provide a derivative produced by cleavage of the histidine heterocyclic ring through a Bamberger reaction. The main masss spectral features of these derivatives are discussed in comparison with structurally related compounds. HPLC along with with FAB MASS spectrometry shows itself to be a suitable technique for the characterization of these structures.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050708
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    Electron-impact induced fragmentation of spiro-1-pyrazolines (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 626-630 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The positive-ion electron impact mass spectra of twelve spiro-1-pyrazolines have been recorded as 70 eV electron energy and the dat analyzed to elucidate their fragmentation pathways. None of these compounds gave abundant molecular ions (M+) due to the instability of the pyrazoline ring. The first step in the decomposition of M+ ions is the elimination of a nitrogen molecule followed by a rearrangement resulting in the formation of the cation radical [M-28]+, the decomposition of which is discussed in detail. The proposed fragmentation pathways and their mechanisms are supported by high-resolution data, linked-scan measurements at constant B/E and collision-induced dissociation-mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectra.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290061008
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    C-terminal sequencing of peptides using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 637-640 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A low-flow reactor is described for the on-line monitoring of peptides digested with carboxypeptidase P by electrospray ionization. Two peptides were analyzed using this technique: glucagon (average MW 3482.8 Da), and apomyoglobin (average MW 16 951.5). Both peptides gave interpretable results. The first 19 amino acids of glucagon were successfully sequenced. Apomyoglobin yielded sequence information to the 30th amino acid with some gaps. At 300 nL/min, 50% of the first 30 amino acids were sequenced and at 1μL/min, 67% of the first 30 amino acids were observed.
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    Charge promotion of low-energy fragmentations of peptide ions (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 658-662 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have examined the hypothesis that structural features which predispose to localization of charge at a strongly favored site are not conducive to the low-energy fragmentation of peptide ions via a multiplicity of pathways. Consistent with this proposal, it is demonstrated that the formation of N- or C-terminal pre-charged derivatives is detrimenal to the formation of sequence-specific product ions following low-energy collisional activation. Protonation of pre-charged derivatives (yielding doubly charged ions) restores favorable fragmentation properties; the effect is attributed to the fragmentation-directing properties of the proton whih may occupy one of several sites. Similarly, a doubly protonated peptide which incorporates a C-terminal arginine residue as a single strongly favored site of protonation exhibits favored low-energy fragmentations attributable to locaton of he second proton at one of several sites remote from the C-terminus.
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    Solvation of transition-metal ion complexes in the gas phase (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 848-852 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Solvation of the gas-phase transition-metal d0 complexes ScO+, YO+, YCHCN+ and NbO2+ with some protic and aprotic solvents has been studied using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The relative rate constants for formation of the solvated oxides show strong non-monotonic fluctuations with increasing extent of solvation. For ScO+ and YO+ the third solvent molecule attaches more rapidly than the second, while for NbO2+ the second attaches more rapidly than the first. This behavior suggests that in spite of the formal d0 character of the metal centers in these systems, simple electrostatic binding is not occurring. In contrast, YCHCN+ shows a continuous decrease in the rate for solvation with up to three molecules of CH3CN. The effects of solvation on the subsequent reactions of the metal oxides has been studied. YO+ solvation (with up to three H2O or two NH3 molecules) does not affect its arene C—H bond activation reactions. However, solvation of ScO+ and NbO2+ with one or two NH3 or H2O molecules shuts off benzene dehydrogenation.
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    High resolution accurate mass measurement of product ions formed in an electrospray source on a sector instrument (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 12-15 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The high resolution accurate mass measurement of product ions formed by collisionally activated dissociation in an electrospray source has been achieved using a reversed-geometry double-focusing mass spectrometer and accelerating voltage scans. Accurate mass measurements of product ions from angiotensin I, angiotensin II, leucine enkephalinamide, substance P (1-9) and a synthetic compound of pharmaceutical interest were obtained with an average error of 〈5 ppm.
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    Flow injection Thermospray® mass spectrometry for the automated analysis of potential agricultural chemicals (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 85-91 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Flow injection Thermospray mass spectrometry (TSP-MS) has been developed and utilized for molecular weight and structural confirmation for thousands of potential new agricultural chemicals. Initially, it was necessary to find TSP conditions which provide an optimal compromise between providing reproducible, informative mass spectra and being sufficiently universal and rugged for a wide variety of compound types. By acquiring both positive- and negative-ion spectra for each sample, the range of compounds that can be analyzed successfully is greatly expanded. The method developed is sufficiently universal that flow injection TSP-MS now provides the required information in approximately 70% of the mass spectrometric structural confirmations performed at the Agricultural Research Division of American Cyanamid. The success in using flow injection TSP-MS led to the development of instrumentation to fully automate these analyses. An IBM PC/AT® compatible computer is used to control sample delivery, data acquisition and data output. The PC performs the functions of both terminal and operator for a Finnigan® TSQ 46 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and its Data General Nova® 4X data system, while simultaneously controlling a Micromeritics® 725 (Alcott®) autosampler and its Reodyne® 8126 pneumatically actuated 6-port sampling valve. Furthermore, the need to document analyses in a manner that is consistent with Good Laboratory Practices has led to automated documentation for the instrument analysis log, as well as for the headers of the electronic data files and the printed spectral output. The new automated flow injection TSP-MS system described here was constructed using only commercially available equipment and has notably improved efficiency by reducing the instrument time required to record spectra and by minimizing analyst intervention.
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    New methods for computational ion structure evaluation by means of tandem mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 99-105 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: New methods are presented for the evaluation of ion structures and fragmentation pathways using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with low energy collision-induced dissociation. As an aid for mass spectroscopists, they incorporate a PC software package (named PDNL, written in Turbo-PASCAL 5.5 (Borland), running under DOS (Microsoft) with mouse-control). A database of almost 300 low energy MS/MS spetra is available for library searches. It utilizes a new, intensity-based matching algorithm fitting to the demand of MS/MS data. Computational methods have been developed for (i) the separation of the spectra of unresolved isobaric ions and evaluation of the ratio of the ion abundances, (ii) the evaluation of single-collision spectra using the multi-collisional data map, and (iii) the elucidation of collision-induced dissociation fragmentation pathways. Principal component analyses of sets of at least eight MS/MS spectra were used for a quick comparison of these spectra and for a summary of inter-ion relationships.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070121
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    Anionic rearrangements of deprotonated α-alkoxyvinyltrimethylsilanes in the gas phase (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 629-631 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: α-Alkoxyvinyltrimethylsilanes deprotonate to form two species -CH=C(SiMe3)OR and CH2=C(Si(Me)2CH2-)OR. The silylcarbanion undergoes the unusual rearrangement reaction CH2=C(Si(Me3)2CH2-)OR → ((CH2CO)Me2RSiCH2-) Me2RSiCH2- + CH2CO. Loss of (R-H) occurs when R ≥ Et; it is suggested that this is a reaction of the vinvl anion system.
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    Quantitative analysis of the molecular species of monosialogangliosides by continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 618-621 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Negative-ion continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment mass spectroemtry was evaluated asa means for the quantitative analysis of N-acetylneuraminyl-galactosyl-glucosyl ceramide (NeuAc-GM3) and N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide (NeuAc-GM3). This study was carried out on a 7070-EQ mass spectrometer (VG Analytical, Manchester, UK) using a home-made continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment probe with a mixture of methanol +water+triethanolamine (70:27:3, v/v/v)as the mobile phase. Utilizing 100 ng of acetyl-lysogalactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)galactosyl-glucosylceramide (acetyl-lysoGM1) as an internal standard curves for NeuAc-GM3 d18:1-16 0, NeuAc-GM3 d18:1-18:0 and Neuac-GM3 d18:1-18:0 were found to be linear over the range 5-250ng, with associated correlation coefficients of 0.990-0.997. The lower limit of detection was found to be 2.5ng. Satisfactory results could also de obtained when the calibration curves were derived from the deprotonated molecular ions of a mixture of the NeuAc-M2 and NeuAc-GM3 classes. Using this approach, quantitative determination of NeuAc-GM3 d18:1-16:0 from rat adrenal gland was performed sing N-acetylneuraminic acid assay as a test control. We found 278±36 ng of this species in 1 mg of tissue (three replicate experiments). The procedure represents a senstive method for the quantitation of mionosialogangliosides and its capability to give molecular species information.
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    Investigation of products arising from enzymatic digestion of advanced glycated albumin by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 624-628 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural investigation of the products arising from 28 days incubation of albumin with high glucose concentration and further enzymatic hydrolysis has been carried out by means of high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) under plasmaspray conditions. By this approach many different compounds have been detected, and for most of them, possible structures have been proposed on the basis of literature data and molecular weight assignments.
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    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992) 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060101
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    Ion counting and ion intensity measurements in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Application to matrix-assisted laser desorption (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 632-637 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A time-to-digital converter coupled to a charge-to-digitalconverter has been used to record mass spectra in matrix-assisted laser desorption(MALD) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Masses above 100 000 Da have been detected by ion counting. Utilizing an electrostatic mirror, good mass resolution has been achieved in MALD. When the number of detedted secondary ions is small the sensitivity of mass measurements is improved by using a charge-to-digital converter rather than a transient recorder.
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    Calender of events (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. ii 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290051215
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    Modelling coulomb effects in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry by charged disks and charged cylinders (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 1-3 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-dimensional charged-disk model is proposed to explain Coulomb-induced frequencey shifting in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. This model corresponds more closely to the actual FT-ICR experiment than does the charged-point model,1 which we recently developed. The model consists of a uniformly charged disk of ions of mass m1, whose excited cyclotron motion is perturbed by a second uniformly charged disk of ions of mass m2, whose cyclotron motion is also excited. By looking in a rotating coordinate frame which rotates at the cyclotron frequency of the first disk, it is seen that the second disk creates an average radial force on the first disk which lowers the cyclotron frequency of the first disk. This radial force is numerically evaluated and found to be a function of the cyclotron radius, the ration of the cyclotron radius to the disk radius, and the charges of the two disks. Unlike the charged-point model, which was flawed by having an infinite average radial Coulomb force, the average radial Coulomb force for the charged-disk model is finite. This average Coulomb force allows the use of formulae which permit characterization of a given set of model parameters in terms of an ‘apparent Coulomb distance’, for which a model consisting of point charges with a fixed location in a rotating frame would give the same frequency shift. It is argued that the same ‘apparent Coulomb distance’ would apply for a charged cylinder model, which accounts for Coulomb-induced line broadening in addition to Coulomb-induced frequency shifting. It is suggested that the treatment in this paper, together with the use of elongated cells equipped with trapping screens, could permit absolute mass calibrations of T-ICR spectra.
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    Mass spectrometric analysis of a transition-metal-binding peptide using matrix-assisted leaser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A demonstration of probe tip chemistry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 4-8 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of flight mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the affinity of aqueous copper ions for a 26-residue synthetic peptide predicted to have metal-binding properties. A specific reaction occurred upon the dirct application of aqueous CuSO4 to the matrix/peptide sample remaining on the probe tip ater initial mass spectrometric investigation. Results indicated the binding of up to one copper ion per histidine residue and the loss of one proton for each bound copper. Bound copper was not returned to solution upon subsequent cold water washings of the probe tip. These results suggest that covalent interations, between the copper and the peptide, occurred during the probe-tip application of the metal ion to the sample.
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    Electrospray ionization mass spectra of hemoglobin and transferrin by a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. Comparison with theoretical isotopic distributions (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 9-13 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrospray ionization mass spectra of human hemoglobin chains and of transferrin were acquired on a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. The observed molecular ion for each hemoglobin chain was in good agreement with the theoretical isotopic distribution at a reasonable resolution of 2000. The clear separation of a variant ß-chain in admixture with the normal counterpart at mass 15867 that differed from it by 14 Da (0.09%) ensured that a smaller mass difference could be detected. The molecular ions for human transferrin were too broad compared with the theoretical shape to determine the molecular mass accurately, probably due to the heterogeneity of the carbohydrate moiety. A decrease in mass by neuraminidase digestion, however, determined the average number of sialic acids in the molecule.
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    Ionspray mass spectrometry of marine toxins. III. Analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by flow-injection analysis, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometryNRCC number 33002. (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 14-24 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ionspray mass spectrometry has been used to monitor the purification of saxitoxin, the parent compound in the family of toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), from a strain of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium excavatum. Quantitative results obtained by flow-injection analysis are compared to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection. The coupling of liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with ionspray mass spectrometry is described for the separation of mixtures of PSP toxins and the highly potent pufferfish toxin tetrodotoxin. Tandem mass spectrometry is used to provide the structural information, and the ability to distinguish isomeric PSP toxins both chromatographically and mass spectrometrically is demonstrated.
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    The correct molecular weight of myoglobin, a common calibrant for mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 32-36 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Myoglobins from horse heat muscle, horse skeletal muscle and sperm whale are widely used as calibration standards or test compounds for various mas spectrometric methodologies. In all such cases reproted in the literature, a molecular weight value is used (16950.5 and 17199, respectively) which is based on the assumption that amino acid 122 in this 153 amino-acid-long protein is asparagine, overlooking a published suggestion that it is aspartic acid instead. Since the mass assignment accuracy for matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry is reproted to be ±0.01% and for electrospray ionization ±0.0025%, and error of one mass unit in ∼ 17000 would be significant. The mass-to-charge ration of ions of the tryptic peptide encompassing amino acid 122 derived from commercially available horse heart and horse skeletal myoglobins, the apomyoglobin of the latter, and the tryptic and chymotryptic peptide of sperm whale myoglobin proved that in both proteins amino acid 122 is indeed aspartic acid, rather than asparagine. This finding was further confirmed by the collision-induced dissociation sectra of the [M+H]+ ions of the tryptic peptides from the horse myoglobins and the chymotriptic peptide from sperm whale myoglobin. Thus, the correct molecular weight of horse myoglobinis 16951.49 and that of the sperm whale protein is 17199.91.
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    New gas-chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for the quantitative analysis of primary aromatic amines in main- and side-stream cigarette smoke. I (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 406-409 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A sensitive and accurate method to quantitate 17 primary aromatic amines in tobacco smoke has been set up. two Italian commercial brands of cigarette were smoked in a home-made smoking machine; the amines in the smoke were trapped in dilute hudrochloric acid (containing 2H5-aniline, 13C1-o-toluidine and 2H9-4-aminobiphenyl as internal standards) and, after extraction and purification, derivatized as pentafluoropro-pionamides and measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the selected-ion-monitoring mode. Our results confirmed that side-stream smoke contains total levels of aromatic amines about 50-60 times higher than those of main-stream smoke of black-tobacco cigarettes is richer in aromatic amines compared to light-tobacco cigarettes.
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    Kinetics of isobaric ion/molecule reactions determined by the flowing afterglow-triple quadrupole technique (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 383-391 
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An experimental method is described for determining the kinetics of gas-phase ion/molecule reactions involving reactant and product ions with the same nominal or exact masses (i.e., isobaric ion/molecule reactions) using a flowing afterglow-triple qvadrupole instrument. The method involves formation of specific monitor ions in the triple quadrupole analyzer by collision-induced dissociation, exothermic ion/molecule reactions or energy-resolved ion/molecule reactions for use in determining the kinetics of reaction of one component of an isobaric ion mixture in the flow tube. The measured depletion of these types of monitor ions is shown to provide a reliable means of determining the rate coefficient for the overall reaction taking place when a neutral reagent is added to the flow reactor.
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    Mass measurement accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorbed biomolecules: A Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry studyContribution from the 2nd European FTMS Workshop, Antwerp, Belgium, September 1993. (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The use of binary matrices and internal calibrants to improve the mass measurement accuracy in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectro-metry is described. Binary matrices enhance the analyte ion yield and enable a complete MALDI-FTICR mass spectrum to be obtained from a single laser shot. The advantage of single-laser-shot data acquisition is that it eliminates line-broadening due to shot-to-shot frequency variations. It is shown that unresolved product ions, mainly due to loss of H2O and/or NH3, shift the centroid of an unresolved multi-component peak. A mass measurement accuracy of 12 ppm was obtained for the bovine insulin [M+H]+ ion using melittin as an internal calibrant.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290080106
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Does the mercuous diatomic dication exist in the gas phase? A search by mass spectrometryNRCC no. 34848. (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 409-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070519
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of saxitoxin by liquid chromatography/thermospray-mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 413-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The determination of the paralytic shellfish poison saxitoxin by liquid chromatography/thermospray-mass spectrometry (LC/TS-MS) was investigated. It was found that a commercial sample contained an impurity, which was identified as the plasticizer tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate. Spraying of saxitoxin in acid solution at pH 2 led to a useful TS mass spectrum, containing some fragment ions in addition to the protonated molecule. Using pentafluoropropionic acid as a counter-ion, saxitoxin could be determined by LC/TS-MS on a C18 re versed-phase column. By injecting the relatively large volume of 1 mL, a concentration of 30 ng/mL could be measured.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070602
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of urinary nucleosides in cancer patients; potential of modified nucleosides as tumour markers (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Analysis of urine from cancer patients by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry positively identified 14 urinary nucleosides including several modified nucleosides. Levels of the modified nucleosides 1-methyl-adenosine, 2-methylguanosine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine and 1-methylinosine as well as the total nucleoside level were elevated in the urine when a malignant tumour was present; the levels of N2,N2-dimethylguanosine were found to correlate with the stage of the cancer.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070605
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