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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology  (3)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations  (2)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism
  • Climate
  • Agu  (2)
  • Birkhauser  (2)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (2)
  • Annual Reviews  (1)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1990-1994
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The tectonic deformation of the Lipari-Vulcano complex, one of the most important active volcanic areas of Mediterranean region, is studied here through the analysis of ten years (1996-2006) of GPS data from both 3 permanent and 13 non-permanent stations. This area can be considered crucial for the understanding of the Eurasia-Africa plates interaction in the Mediterranean area, and, in general, this work emphasize a methodological approach, already applied in other areas worldwide (e.g. Shen et al., 1996, El-Fiki and Kato, 1999) where geodetic data and strain parameters maps of critical areas can help to improve our understanding of their geodynamical aspects. In this framework, this study is aimed at providing a kinematic deformation model on the basis of the dense geodetically estimated velocities of the Lipari-Vulcano complex. In particular, the observed deformation pattern can be described by a mix between 1) the main N-S regional compression and 2) a NNE-SSW compression with a small right-lateral strike slip component acting along a tectonic structure N°40W trending located between the two islands. This pattern was inspected through a simplified synthetic model.
    Beschreibung: This research has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 370–377
    Beschreibung: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): GPS ; Aeolian Islands ; strain ; modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Acoustic emissions (AE), compressional (P), shear (S) wave velocities, and volumetric strain of Etna basalt and Aue granite were measured simultaneously during triaxial compression tests. Deformation-induced AE activity and velocity changes were monitored using twelve P-wave sensors and eight orthogonally polarized S-wave piezoelectric sensors; volumetric strain was measured using two pairs of orthogonal strain gages glued directly to the rock surface. P-wave velocity in basalt is about 3 km/s at atmospheric pressure, but increases by 〉 50% when the hydrostatic pressure is increased to 120 MPa. In granite samples initialP-wave velocity is 5 km/s and increases with pressure by〈20%. The pressure-induced changes of elastic wave speed indicate dominantly compliant low-aspect ratio pores in both materials, in addition Etna basalt also contains high-aspect ratio voids. In triaxial loading, stress-induced anisotropy of Pwave velocities was significantly higher for basalt than for granite, with vertical velocity components being faster than horizontal velocities. However, with increasing axial load, horizontal velocities show a small increase for basalt but a significant decrease for granite. Using first motion polarity we determinedAE source types generated during triaxial loading of the samples. With increasing differential stressAEactivity in granite and basalt increased with a significant contribution of tensile events. Close to failure the relative contribution of tensile events and horizontal wave velocities decreased significantly. A concomitant increase of doublecouple events indicating shear, suggests shear cracks linking previously formed tensile cracks.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 974-993
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Acoustic emission ; ultrasonic velocity ; fracture ; rock ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A tomomorphometric analysis of the Somma-Vesuvius topography is presented. This consists in extracting horizontal cross sections at different altitudes, and in determining some morphometric parameters: radius of the circle with a surface area equal to the cross section, circularity, ratio between the major and minor axis of the best fitting ellipse, orientation a of the ellipse major axis, and the x-y centroid. The Somma includes three portions: the apron zone, the flanks, and the summit caldera boundary. Between 225 m and 525 m, a is 50 –60 . Between 600 m and 775 m, a is 130 –135 . These are the preferred strike of the eruptive fissures affecting the northwestern Somma flanks, the faults affecting the whole edifice, the nodal planes from local earthquakes. The Somma activity developed along a NE-SW structural discontinuity, whereas the post-caldera activity concentrated along a NW-SE striking structure. Somma activity migrates from SE to NW.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L17305
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Tomomorphometry ; Somma-Vesuvius volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A wide set of dynamics phenomena (i.e., geodynamics, Post Glacial Rebound, seismicity and volcanic activity) can produce time gravity changes, which spectrum varies from short (1… 10 s) to long (more than 1 year) periods. The amplitude of the gravity variations is generally in the order of 10 8…10 9 g, consequently their detection requires instruments with high sensitivity and stability: then, high quality experimental data. Spring and superconducting gravimeters are intensively used with this target and they are frequently jointed with tiltmeters recording stations in order to measure the elastogravitational perturbation of the Earth. The far-field effects produced by large earthquakes on records collected by spring gravimeters and tiltmeters are investigated here. Gravity and tilt records were analyzed on time windows spanning the occurrence of large worldwide earthquakes; the gravity records have been collected on two stations approximately 600 km distant. The background noise level at the stations was characterized, in each season, in order to detect a possible seasonal dependence and the presence of spectral components which could hide or mask other geophysical signals, such as, for instance, the highest mode of the Seismic Free Oscillation (SFO) of the Earth. Some spectral components (6.5’; 8’; 9’; 14’, 20’, 51’) have been detected in gravity and tilt records on the occasion of large earthquakes and the effect of the SFO has been hypothesized. A quite different spectral content of the EW and NS tiltmeter components has been detected and interpreted as a consequence of the radiation pattern of the disturbances due to the earthquakes. Through the analysis of the instrumental sensitivity, instrumental effects have been detected for gravity meters at very low frequency.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1379–1397
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Gravimeters ; seismic free oscillation ; earthquakes ; tiltmeters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 436 bytes
    Format: 541391 bytes
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a comparison between the pattern of surface ruptures produced by a single earthquake and patterns of cumulative deformation. We performed a detailed study of the 1999 earthquake coseismic ruptures and of the long-term tectonic landforms in a key area of the Du¨zce fault segment of the North Anatolian fault. We observed a scaleindependent en echelon arrangement of the coseismic surface ruptures. As a whole, the long-term geomorphic expression of the Du¨zce Fault near the 1999 ruptures is evidence of the principal slip zone at depth that accommodates the bulk of the displacement during an individual rupture event. This may stay localized through many rupture episodes with persistent geometry and kinematics. The long-term tectonic and geomorphic expression of the fault in a broader area around the 1999 ruptures defines a wider deformation zone. In fact, an old and complex fault arrangement has been mapped, partially coinciding with the 1999 rupturing fault, suggesting that the 1999 ruptures are an incomplete expression of the long-term Du¨zce fault system. The relationships between the coseismic and the old fault systems suggest an evolution of the fault pattern trough time, with a tendency to simplify a geometric complexity into a straighter, mature trace. The integrated investigation of long-term tectonic morphologies and structural pattern offers a noteworthy frame to interpret the coseismic rupture kinematics and clarifies their complexities. Moreover, to fully understand the principal slip zone at depth, this work shows the importance of the study of strain distribution pattern and evolution of surface rupturing faults.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B06312
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Coseismic ruptures ; tectonic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), a shallow crustal level felsic, tourmaline-bearing, dyke-sill swarm of Late Miocene age is associated with abundant tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal veins and metasomatic masses. Development of these veins and masses in the host rocks demonstrates multiple hydro-fracturing by magmatic, boron-rich saline fluid. Tourmalines in felsic dykes are schorl, whereas in veins and metasomatic masses, tourmaline composition ranges from schorl-dravite through dravite to uvite. This compositional shift is evidence for an increasing contribution to the magmatic boron-rich fluids by a Mg-Ca-Ti-rich external component represented by biotite-rich and amphibolite host rocks. This system can be envisaged as an exposed proxy of the high temperature hydrothermal system presently active in the deepest part of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Tuscany).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 318-326
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Hydro-fractures ; geothermal systems ; Magmatism ; southern Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Annual Reviews, 2003. This article is posted here by permission of Annual Reviews for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Environment and Resources 28 (2003): 521-558, doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.28.011503.163443.
    Beschreibung: Agriculture and industrial development have led to inadvertent changes in the natural carbon cycle. As a consequence, concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere and may lead to changes in climate. The current challenge facing society is to develop options for future management of the carbon cycle. A variety of approaches has been suggested: direct reduction of emissions, deliberate manipulation of the natural carbon cycle to enhance sequestration, and capture and isolation of carbon from fossil fuel use. Policy development to date has laid out some of the general principles to which carbon management should adhere. These are summarized as: how much carbon is stored, by what means, and for how long. To successfully manage carbon for climate purposes requires increased understanding of carbon cycle dynamics and improvement in the scientific capabilities available for measurement as well as for policy needs. The specific needs for scientific information to underpin carbon cycle management decisions are not yet broadly known. A stronger dialogue between decision makers and scientists must be developed to foster improved application of scientific knowledge to decisions. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the carbon cycle, carbon measurement capabilities (with an emphasis on the continental scale) and the relevance of carbon cycle science to carbon sequestration goals.
    Beschreibung: The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation.
    Schlagwort(e): Carbon sequestration ; Measurement techniques ; Climate ; Kyoto protocol
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: 406392 bytes
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