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  • Abundance  (6)
  • Processing fishery products  (6)
  • By catch  (3)
  • INP (Ecuador)  (13)
  • Wiley  (1)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2005-2009  (14)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
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  • 2005-2009  (14)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 2010-2014  (2)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The occurrence of gurnard Prionotus stephanophrys was studied in the course of a series of fisheries research cruises on the Ecuadorian continental shelf between 1980 and 1985. The species is common in coastal waters south of 1°S . Its abundance is very variable, possibly associated with sea temperatures. Normally densities are between 0.8 and 1.6 t.km-2. The standing stock varies between 13,000 and 150,000 t wich it is estimated can sustain catches of around 4,000 t pet year, and up to 40,000 t in times of great abundance. P. stephanophyrs is found in large shoals on the bottom during the day but a night moves up into mid-water to feed on euphausids. The fish caught had size range of 12 cm to 37 cm, but the majority were between 16 cm and 21 cm in total length. The growth parameters and natural mortality were calculated. The present fisheries catch large quantities of these gurnards, but most is discarded at sea and the small amounts landed are only used for fish meal production. However, the flesh is of good quality and could easily be used for human consumption.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biomass ; Catch composition ; Biomass ; Abundance ; Catch composition ; Natural mortality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    INP (Ecuador)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El volumen de venta de sardina y macarela enlatada para consumo nacional en el año 1984 era 9.349 tm1 de acuerdo a estadísticas oficiales. Es notable que estos productos se consumen en alrededor de un 70% en las áreas rurales (private communication), sobre todo en la Costa. Parece que el alto grado de aceptabilidad se debe a su conveniencia y factibilidad de manejo sin enfriamiento, su buena disponibilidad y su bajo costo relativo a otros alimentos proteícos. Sin embargo, aunque el pescado enlatado es todavía la fuente de proteínas más barata que está fácilmente disponible a todo el país, el costo del envase encarece en gran medida este tipo de alimento. Cuesta tres veces o más que todos los demás ingredientes y representa cerca del 40% del precio del producto ex-fábrica. Numerosas investigaciones se han realizado con el fin de reemplazar la lata por otro empaque hermético que sea de costo reducido y que mantenga el producto en buenas condiciones. La funda flexible esterilizante de aluminio laminada ha tenido cierto éxito, aunque la forma de su manejo exige rígidas normas contra posibles daños, las cuales cuestionan su viabilidad en países en vías de desarrollo, además de aumentar el costo hasta niveles superiores a la lata que trata de reemplazar. Así mismo, el uso de este envase ha sido generalizado en estos países. Los empaques al vacío han sido utilizados por mucho tiempo para empacar carnes y pescado principalmente de alto valor. Con el aumento de la disponibilidad y el mayor desarrollo de los plásticos laminados en el Ecuador, se vieron las posibilidades para su uso en productos de bajo costo elaborados con pescado pelágico. Las especies utilizadas en las pruebas fueron macarela, sardina del sur y jurel. Se pudo observar que los empaques al vacío ofrecen cierta protección contra la oxidación del producto. Se pudo concluir que el empaque al vacío impide el desarrollo de rancidez en el producto. Sin embargo, su vida de percha necesariamente se encuentra restringida en alrededor de 4 a 5 semanas debido al cambio de color producido por la ligera oxidación en la superficie del producto. Se considera que el empaque se paga por si mismo debido a las posibilidades de mayores ventas de este producto considerado de mejor presentación que el vendido desde un balde de salmuera.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Packing fishery products ; Processing fishery products ; Cured products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A survey of demersal fish resources of the Continental Shelf of Ecuador was carried out between October 1980 an July 1985 by the National Fisheries Institute of Ecuador, with British Technical Cooperation. This report deals with the stock assessment part of the work. In the course of seven cruises, 366 valid diurnal hauls were made with a high-opening bottom trawl. The demersal fish resources were estimated by swept area methods and the results are presented. The overall average standing stock of demersal fish was 78 000 t of which 22 000 t was good fish, but 36 000 t were gurnards (Triglidae) and 3 000 t of unusable fish. The main stocks were gurnards, grunts and croakers, sharks and corvinas Cynoscion spp. The southern areas especially the Gulf of Guayaquil had the highest densities of fish (9,6 t.Km-2 or 4,0 t.Km-2 excluding gurnards). There was a massive abundance of the gurnard, Prionotus stephanophys in 1984 and 1985. There was a general decrease and other changes in the demersal stocks due to the effects of the ”El Niño” in 1983.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Demersal fisheries ; Geographical distribution ; Biomass ; Demersal fisheries ; Geographical distribution ; Abundance ; Biomass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Nineteen lightday rectangular transects were made 16 in the area of the Gulf of Guayaquil (Ecuador), and 3 in an oceanic area at the west of the Gulf of Guayaquil, this was the second part of research cruise, oriented to the evaluation of the small pelagic fish stocks, it was made between september 14th and 27th, 1995. The SIMRAD EK-500 acoustic system was used, installed on board of the National Research Institute (INP) R/V Tohallí. At the same time, people from the INP's Fisheries Observer Program were on four private enterprises vessels, while they were fishing in the same Gulf's area. They also made the biological sample of the commercial catch, for future relation with the results from the acoustic evaluation. The V/R Tohallí principal catch was jack makarell (Trachurus murphy), with a length range of 30-34 cm FL, caught over the continental talud associated with 20º C SST area. There was estimated a total of ca., 280 000 t/km2 of small pelagic, with an average density of 30,8 t/km2; and a ca., 250 000 t of small pelagic with an average density of 27,1 t/km2, in the oceanic area.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Geographical distribution ; Demersal fisheries ; Fishery resources ; Continental shelves ; Geographical distribution ; Abundance ; Demersal fisheries ; Fishery resources ; Continental shelves ; Echo surveys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 1-26
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The demersal phase (from 18th to November 01th, 1995) of cruise T95/10/04 DO, covered an area of 15632,6 km2 between 00º36'0”N-80º34'3”O and 03º22'8”S-80º49'5”O, of the Ecuadorian Continental Plataform, the depth range from 14 to 115 meters. 120 species were recorded, divided into 85 osseous fish species, three sharks, 11 ray, 18 crustaceans, two molluscan and one holothurid (sea cucumber). Total biomass was estimated as 95297,5 t; with 97,3% of this biomass distributed between 01º00'0”S and 03º23'S. The most abundant species were: barriga juma (Larimus spp) (11153 t), corvina (Cynoscion spp) (4523 t), gallineta (Prionotus spp) (55651 t), perela (Palabrax callaensis) (3774 t) and ravi junco (Centrithmus signifer) (2407 t).
    Description: Published
    Description: Prionotus; Larimus; Cynoscion; Paralabrax callaensis; Centristhmus signifer
    Keywords: Demersal fisheries ; Geographical distribution ; Fishery resources ; Continental shelves ; Fishery resources ; Demersal fisheries ; Continental shelves ; Abundance ; Geographical distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Este código de práctica contiene los requerimientos mínimos que deberán cumplir las plantas industriales que se dedican al procesamiento de pescado enlatado, para su operación y normal funcionamiento. Los sistemas de control y evaluación contenidos en el presente código se aplicarán anualmente a las plantas procesadores de pescado enlatado a fin de determinar el estado de funcionamiento y servirán de base técnica para el otorgamiento de los permisos anuales de operación. Se incluyen además normas y ciertos controles que servirán de guía, y al aplicarlos elevarán la calidad del producto.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Canned products ; Standards ; Quality assurance ; Processing fishery products ; Standards ; Canned products ; Quality assurance
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Reporte del estudio de la pesca acompañante del camarón para el Golfo de Guayaquil, para los meses de mayo, junio y julio de 1986. Se dan a conocer las diferentes familias y/o especies para las categorías camarón, pescado bueno y basura; con sus respectivas tasas de captura y porcentajes de ocurrencia. La razón fue 1:2.18:13.84 kg.h-1 variando 1:2.75:12.60 kg.h-1 determinándose que entre 13%-17% es aprovechado para consumo humano directo y entre 77%-81% es aprovechado. Hipotéticamente se calculó para el total de la flota camaronera (240 barcos), que apróximadamente de 11,000 y 36,000 t son aprovechadas anualmente y entre 70,000 y 190,000 t son devueltas al mar.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: By catch ; Shrimp fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los cambios físicos, químicos y organolépticos en macarela (Scomber japonicus) y sardina (Sardinops sagax, Etrumeus teres) saladas durante el procesamiento y subsecuente almacenamiento en salmuera son descritos. Es evaluada además la calidad del producto desde el punto de vista microbiológico, así como también los efectos que se observan en el producto final cuando el artesano ecuatoriano usa materia prima de baja calidad. Los principales cambios que ocurren (enrojecimiento de la carne, desarrollo de olores a frutas, el aumento de las bases volátiles totales y de proteínas solubles y posiblemente histamina parecen estar relacionadas más con la autólisis que con el desarrollo microbiológico). La maduración o ”deterioración” (en términos del paladar ecuatoriano) puede reducir mediante el uso de materia prima enfriada de primera calidad. Por otro lado, las pruebas realizadas usando preservativos químicos (compuestos de amonio cuaternario, bisulfitos, nitritos) no tuvieron efecto en la vida de percha del producto. Valores de 45 a 50 mg% de B.V.T. se recomiendan como límite de control para productos comerciales en Ecuador. Esto representa un tiempo de almacenamiento de aproximadamente entre 3 y 5 meses para productos elaborados con materia prima de buena calidad. Además es aconsejable una prueba o análisis organoléptico.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chemical composition ; Physical properties ; Organoleptic properties ; Microbiological analysis ; Processing fishery products ; Storage effects ; Chemical composition ; Physical properties ; Organoleptic properties ; Microbiological analysis ; Cured products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper describes a simple method of producing a protein-enriched sweet biscuit, shown to be popular with young children, by adding cooked minced shark flesh and soya flour to a slightly modified biscuit formulation. The biscuit can be manufactured on standard production equipment at a cost which renders it ideal for use in institutional feeding programmes, the product´s extended shelf life being an additional advantage, especially in remote rural areas. Acceptability tests were carried out amongst 1,750 school children in poor communities both in the Andes and in Guayaquil. The children were fed biscuits (12,35 g) per day, of wich an average of 96,7% in Guayaquil and 99% in the Andean areas were consumed immediately. Acceptance was high and fishy flavours were hardly noticed. The cost of the biscuit delivered to a warehouse in Guayaquil is estimated at S/.88.-per kg (approximately US (0,88 per kg). Chemical analysis shows a crude protein content of 18 to 20% compared with 7 to 8% in a normal sweet biscuit, while the true protein content is estimated to be 17%. The calorific value is about 4,750 cals per gram.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Dried products ; Acceptability ; Processing fishery products ; Dried products ; Food fish ; Acceptability
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La pesca de especies pelágicas pequeñas es para el Ecuador un recurso masivo el cual se aprovecha en más de un 90% para la elaboración de harina de pescado, usada en la alimentación de animales. A pesar del bajo valor de estas especies, cantidades insignificantes de las mismas entran al comercio de pescado fresco, el cual está dominado por especies con un menor contenido de grasas. A cambio se comercializa una cantidad apreciable en productos enlatados (9,349 tm en 1984 solo para el mercado nacional), pero se limita el consumo entre los sectores de más bajos ingresos, a causa del alto costo del envase de hojalata. Este factor favorece la elaboración de un producto salado que no necesita un envase caro para su conservación. Hasta ahora se han identificado la macarela (Scomber japonicus) y la caballita (Caranx spp) como aptas para fabricar productos salados de bajo costo, entre S/.25 y S/.36 por lb (apróximadamente US$0,25 y US$0,36) para el consumidor. Este producto cárnico tan económico podría jugar un papel importante en la solución de problemas nutricionales que afectan a más de dos millones de ecuatorianos, especialmente en las áreas rurales de la Sierra donde el consumo de proteína animal de todo tipo es bajo, y la distribución de pescado fresco está limitada a la venta en las ferias semanales. El informe da una guía práctica para la elaboración del producto que pueda ser empacado en baldes plásticos o al vacío. Se presenta información sobre el uso del empaque al vacío, el cual se justifica en términos de una mejor apariencia y manipuleo. Sin embargo, en vista de que los prototipos elaborados hasta la fecha sólo tienen una vida de percha de 4 a 5 semanas, a temperaturas tropicales, comparado con 3 a 5 meses para el producto en baldes, se necesita más investigación para determinar como aumentarla. Se enfatiza además la importancia de la calidad de la materia prima, presentando los resultados de una investigación que demuestra que este es el factor que más afecta las características finales y vida de percha del producto. En 1984, con el producto empacado en baldes se realizaron pruebas de aceptación y ventas experimentales en las zonas rurales de la Provincia del Chimborazo. El producto demostró tener un buen nivel de aceptabilidad y que era factible de alcanzar un consumo promedio anual per cápita de 1 kg o más. No obstante, sería necesario introducir el producto con una campaña de educación al consumidor, que enseñara como preparar el pescado y que enfatizara su alto valor nutricional. Al lograr un consumo promedio de un kilo per cápita, el consumo en las áreas rurales de la Sierra sería de unos 1600 tm por año, pero tomando en cuenta las ciudades de la Sierra, y las zonas de la Costa y Oriente, es probable que el potencial de consumo estaría entre 2000 y 3000 tm por año. A fines de 1984 y comienzos de 1985, se organizó una prueba de comercialización en la Provincia de Chimborazo, para poder estimaren forma más precisa la capacidad de consumo en la mencionada provincia. No obstante debido a ciertas demoras, una pesca muy mala y problamas de calidad, no se pudo llevar a cabo en la forma planeada. Los resultados aunque inconclusos parecen sugerir que la meta anual de 1 kg per cápita es alcanzable. Se recomienda fomentar la producción de pescado salado por parte de empresas industriales con barcos refrigerados, en vez de pequeñas empresas artesanales, pues las primeras pueden ofrecer un producto de calidad más uniforme durante una mayor proporción del año. No obstante la experiencia del grupo SALPROMAR de Valdivia inndica que las empresas artesanales pueden participar exitosamente en esta actividad, especialmente si logran enhielar su materia prima a bordo de la embarcación. Además, es probable que la empresa artesanal tenga éxito si combina la elaboración de estos productos conservados en salmuera con la de productos secos salados. En vista a los beneficios nutricionales se puede argumentar a favor de una estrecha colaboración entre el Estado y productores privados en la comercialización del producto.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marketing ; Pelagic fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Fish consumption ; Packing fishery products ; Marketing ; Processing fishery products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: During the 14th and 27th of november 1995, were colected samples to determinate distribution, presence of eggs and fish larvae in the Guayaquil Gulf waters. The highest quantity of fish larvae 2 500 larvae.(10m2)-1 was showed (02~'40'S - 82~'50'W); while the fish eggs was registered as 15 000 eggs.(10m2)-1. The minor quantities of fish larvae between 48 and 57 larvae.(10m2)-1, which located around longitude 81~'20' - 82~'40'W and latitude 02~'40'S - 02~'50'S. In the North part of the Guayaquil Gulf, fish larvae were registered at concentrations between 500 and 2000 larvae.(10m2)-1, near Tip of Santa Elena (02~'25'W and 81~'10'W), a the one area which presented the hightest quantity 150 000 eggs.(10m2)-1 of fish eggs; the Carangidae and Scombridae families were identified when analizing the eggs. In the center and towards the South of the Gulf, fish larvae between 92 and 223 larvae.(10m2)-1 were presented; the eggs concentrations were lower when compared with the North; stations except the station near of Saint Clare Island which presented 3 000 eggs.(10m2)-1 Scomber japonicus and Sardinops sagax were identified among the species of economical importance. The were not any eggs but larvae of the Engraulidae in a few of the stations.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Geographical distribution ; Fishery resources ; Pelagic fisheries ; Ichthyoplankton ; Geographical distribution ; Abundance ; Fishery resources ; Pelagic fisheries
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the paper presented, comparisons are made between 12 species of small demersal fish (less than 30 cm O.L.) commonly found in the shrimp by-catch. Each species is described, estimates are made as to their relative abundance and fishery and complete data are presented on processing: filets, deboned minces. Taste panel work was carried out on cooked fillets as well as products made from the deboned mince and chemical analyses were made on all the species. The possibility of future increased utilization of these species is discussed.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Demersal fisheries ; Organoleptic properties ; Demersal fisheries ; By catch ; Shrimp fisheries ; Processing fishery products ; Organoleptic properties
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Between the 6 and 13 of september of 1995, a study about the abundance, distribution of fish eggs and larvae in relation of the abundance and presence of the zooplankton in the Gulf of Guayaquil was carried out. The biggest fish larvae quantity was registered at station 16, 37 and 60 with values 500 and 1000 larvae.(10 m2)-1 which position at was long. 81~'00' - 82~'00'W; lat. 01~'00'S - 3~'04'S while the fish eggs concentration was 500 eggs.(10 m2)-1 at station 21. The smalles fish larvae quantity was registered between 6 and 73 larvae.(10 m2)-1, situated long. 81~'30' - 82~'00'W - lat. 02~'40' - 00~'59'S and 01~'00' south. At north of Gulf near of Puntilla of Santa Elena, Lat. 02~'00'S - Long. 81~'00'W, in the Center of the Ecuadorian coast, near of San Lorenzo cope at station 60 and the South zone near of Saint Clare Island at station 7 were registered fish larvae of commercial concern as Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Scombridae were registered. In the same area higher densities of mesoplanktonic organisms were registered at surface waters, finded 32 groups which values were between 517 and 1183 org.(m3)-1, where more the outstanding were: Cladocers, Quetognates, Copepods, Foraminifers and larvae Gasteropods while in oceanic waters there was less variety of microzooplankton, with values from 272 to 563 org.(m3)-1, 15 zooplanktonic groups were identified, being the most representatives: Foraminifers, Copepods, Cladocers y Quetognats. The highest zooplanktonic biomass concentration was registered at South - east of the Guayaquil Gulf with values from 2 and 7 gr.(100 m3)-1, and the lowest was registered at the North zone of the Ecuadorian coast with value of 1 gr.(100 m3)-1. 36 fish larvae families were identified with 40 gennus and 32 zooplanktonic groups. The fish eggs and larvae abundance was directly related to the zooplanckton presence.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Zooplankton ; Geographical distribution ; Ichthyoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Abundance ; Geographical distribution
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 1. Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.), many of which are listed as Vulnerable or Endangered on the IUCN Red List, are traded worldwide as souvenirs, aquarium fish and, primarily, for use in traditional medicines. Given concern over the sustainability of this trade, the genus was added to Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in May 2004. 2. This paper reports findings of the first ever survey of seahorse trade in Africa, conducted in Kenya and Tanzania in May and June 2000. 3. Seahorse trade in Kenya was found to be negligible, with approximately 10 live seahorses exported as aquarium fish annually. Until 1998, however, Kenya may have imported somewhere from 1 to 2.3 t of dried seahorses annually from Tanzania for re-export to Asian medicine markets. Seahorse trade in Tanzania remained substantial, with at least 630–930 kg of dried seahorse exported directly to Asia each year. 4. Accounts of declines in seahorse availability and seahorse size, although few in number, could be early warning signs that wild populations are suffering, at least locally. Close monitoring of future developments in the trade will be essential to allow for timely conservation action as and when necessary, and would contribute to our understanding of the ecological and economical implications of small-scale, non-food fisheries. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hippocampus spp ; By catch ; Non-food fisheries ; Seahorse trade ; Endangered species ; Aquatic animals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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