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  • 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous  (20)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
  • Geodesy
  • nitrogen
  • INGV  (27)
  • Edizioni - Nautilus  (2)
  • American Institute of Physics  (1)
  • Birkhäuser
  • Blackwell publishing
  • Wabern : Federal Office of Topography, Swiss Geological Survey
  • 2005-2009  (31)
  • 2000-2004  (1)
Collection
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: COST (Co-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) is an important instrument supporting co-operation among scientists and researchers across Europe now joining 35 member countries. Scientific projects in the COST framework are called COST Actions and have the objectives embodied in their respective Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The main objectives of the COST Actions within the European ionospheric and radio propagation community have been: to study the influence of upper atmospheric conditions on terrestrial and Earthspace communications, to develop methods and techniques to improve existing and generate new ionospheric and propagation models over Europe for telecommunication and navigation applications and to transfer the results to the appropriate national and international organizations, institutions and industry dealing with the modern communication systems. This paper summarises in brief the background and historical context of four ionospheric COST Actions and outlines their main objectives and results. In addition, the paper discusses the dissemination of the results and the collaboration among the participating institutions and researchers.
    Description: DRS Codem Systems Ball Aerospace Corporation University of Massachusetts Lowell
    Description: Published
    Description: Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A., April 29, 2007
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Physics of the Ionosphere ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In order to investigate the dynamic processes actually in progress in the Aeolian Islands a volcanic area in Southern Italy, high precision geodetic observations are employed. the knowledge of the kinematic field (vertical and horizontal displacements) and of the time-space gravity variations is an important constrain for any model describing the geodynamic processes involving the investigated area. Gravimetric (absolute, relative and gradiometric), photogrammetric, altimetric and GPS surveys are periodically carried out on networks spanning over the whole aeolian archipelagus. Recently a GPS network has been designed and surveyed to obtain a more complete knowledge of the kinematic field taking place in the area. This will improve the understanding of the tectonic processes acting in the area. The result of the interdisplinary approach are presented and discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 33-50
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Observations ; Volcanology ; Eolian Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Le stime probabilistiche della pericolosità sismica sono alla base di qualsiasi politica di prevenzione dei danni da terremoto, sia perché utilizzate per definire le aree prioritarie per interventi di riduzione del rischio sismico, sia perché su di esse si basa la normativa tecnica per le costruzioni. Eppure, nonostante la loro importanza, non esiste una procedura standard universalmente riconosciuta per definire con precisione la pericolosità sismica di un’area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reggio Calabria, Italy
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recent development of the Global Positioning System geodetic technique allow the determination of the separation between the ellipsoid and the geoid if GPS-derived elevations are compared with spirit leveling measurements; this approach may provide a contribution to the definition of the geoidal ondulation even on areas such as the Italian peninsula characterized by wide roughness of topography and very complex geological and structural features. With this aim in 1993 we measured by the GPS technique the position of 32 benchmarks along some of the Italian first order leveling routes located across the Apenninic chain. The simultaneous surveys performed on ITRF stations and on 5 tide gauge stations, may provide an accurate constrain of the gravimetric geoid recently computed by DIIAR in Milan, Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 72-80
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geodesy ; GPS ; WGS84-Ellipsoid ; Geoidal Heights ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In this paper we report the results of several investigations aimed at evaluating ground motion scenarios for the September 26th, 1997 Colfiorito earthquake (Mw 6.0, 09:40 UTC). We model the observed variability of ground motions through synthetic scenarios which simulate an earthquake rupture propagating at constant rupture velocity (2.7 km/s) and the inferred directivity. We discuss the variability of kinematic source parameters, such as the nucleation position and the rupture velocity, and how it influences the predicted ground motions and it does not account for the total standard deviation of the empirical predictive model valid for the region. Finally, we used the results from the scenario studies for the Colfiorito earthquake to integrate the probabilistic and deterministic approaches for seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: GNDT 2000-2003 S3 Project, DPC-INGV 2004-2006
    Description: Published
    Description: 509-525
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ground motion scenario ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: A comparison between two of the most used scintillation models and experimental data is presented. The experimental data have been derived from a GPS scintillation monitor developed at Cornell University and placed in Tucuman (Argentina), under the peak of the anomaly. The models used (GISM and WBMOD) have been run for the geophysical conditions corresponding to the measurements. The comparison is done by subdividing the information on the basis of an ionospheric grid of 5°×5° surface square boxes. The comparison has been performed for several local times, from 18 LT until 04 LT. Here, only a few cases of particular interest are shown. The goal is to understand if the models are able to forecast actual scintillation morphology (from the satellite navigation systems point of view) and if they could be used to yield an estimate of scintillation effects on satellite navigation systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionospheric scintillations ; scintillation models ; GPS ; SBAS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We have developed a Bayesian method for the inversion of static ground deformations at volcanic areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 935-946
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Bayesian inversion ; deformation ; Geodesy ; magma ; Mt Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Various modern applications of empirical electron density models need realistic structures of the electron density distribution with smaller scales than the model background. Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) produce three dimensional and time dependent disturbances of the background ionization. We present a TID model suitable to «modulate» large scale electron density distributions by multiplication. A model TID takes into account the forward tilt of the disturbance wave front, a distinct vertical structure, a fan type horizontal radiation characteristic, geometric dilution and attenuation. More complicated radiation patterns can be constructed by means of superposition. The model TIDs originate from source regions which can be chosen arbitrarily. We show examples for TID modulations of the background model family developed at Trieste and Graz (NeQuick, COSTprof and NeUoG-plas).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionosphere ; electron density models ; Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances ; TID model ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The neotectonics of the islands of Faial, Pico and S. Jorge (Azores) is presented. Preliminary paleoseismology data from trench exposures across three active fault zones (Lomba do Meio, Lagoa do Capitão and Pico do Carvão faults) complement the information. Radiocarbon age constraints of paleoearthquakes suggest clustering of surface rupturing events. Slip rates deduced from paleoseismology analysis range from 0.10 to 0.40 cm/year and validate long-term slip rates obtained by neotectonic studies (using Pleistocene markers). The studied faults allowed a preliminary seismic hazard assessment: magnitudes of the largest paleoearthquakes, determined from slip per event range from Mw = 6.9 to 7.1, and maximum expected magnitudes, estimated from rupture length or rupture area, vary from Mw = 6.4 to 6.8. The former Mw estimates are in closer agreement with the magnitude of the major historic and instrumental seismic events in the archipelago, even though the used empirical relations between magnitude and rupture parameters may not be the most adequate due to the unique tectonic setting of Azores.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Azores ; neotectonics ; active faulting ; paleoseismology ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A probabilistic approach was applied to map the seismic hazard in Greece and the surrounding region. The procedure does not require any specification of seismic sources or/and seismic zones and allows for the use of the whole seismological record, comprising both historical and instrumental data, available for the region of interest. The new seismic hazard map prepared for Greece and its vicinity specifies a 10% probability of exceedance of the given Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values for shallow seismicity and intermediate soil conditions for an exposure time of 50 years. When preparing the map, the new PGA attenuation relation given by Margaris et al. (2001) was employed. The new map shows a spatial distribution of the seismic hazard that corresponds well with the features of shallow seismicity within the examined region. It depicts the level of seismic hazard in which the exceedance of the PGA value of 0.25 g may be expected to occur within limited areas. The highest estimated levels of seismic hazard inside the territory of Greece are found in the Northern Sporades Islands, where PGA values in excess of 0.50 g are reached at individual sites, and in the Zante Island in Western Greece, where PGA values in the range of 0.35 g to 0.40 g are obtained at more numerous localities. High values are also observed in the sea between the Karpathos and Rhodes islands, near the Island of Amorgos (Cyclades Archipelago) and in the Southwestern Peloponnesus. The levels of seismic hazard at the sites of seven Greek cities (Athens, Jannena, Kalamata, Kozani, Larisa, Rhodes and Thessaloniki) were also estimated in terms of probabilities that a given PGA value will be exceeded at least once during a time interval of 1, 50 and 100 years at those sites. These probabilities were based on the maximum horizontal PGA values obtained by applying the design earthquake procedure, and the respective median values obtained were 0.24 g for Athens, 0.28 g for Jannena, 0.30 g for Kalamata, 0.21 g for Kozani, 0.24 g for Larisa, 0.43 g for Rhodes and 0.35 g for Thessaloniki. The probabilities of exceedance of the estimated maximum possible PGA value were also calculated for the cities to illustrate the uncertainty of maximum PGA assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity of Greece ; probabilistic seismic ; hazard ; peak ground acceleration ; design earthquake procedure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Results derived from analysing the ionosphere response to faint and bright solar flares are presented. The analysis used technology of a global detection of ionospheric effects from solar flares as developed by the authors, on the basis of phase measurements of the Total Electron Content (TEC) in the ionosphere using an international GPS network. The essence of the method is that use is made of appropriate filtering and a coherent processing of variations in the TEC which is determined from GPS data, simultaneously for the entire set of visible GPS satellites at all stations used in the analysis. This technique is useful for identifying the ionospheric response to faint solar flares (of X-ray class C) when the variation amplitude of the TEC response to separate line-on-sight to GPS satellite is comparable to the level of background fluctuations. The dependence of the TEC variation response amplitude on the bright flares location on the Sun is investigated
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionopshere ; Total Electron Content ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The deviations of hourly f 0 F 2 from monthly medians for 20 stations in Europe during the period 1958-1998 are studied. Spectral analysis is used to show that, both for original data (for each hour) and for the deviations from monthly medians, the deterministic components are the harmonics of 11 years (solar cycle), 1 year and its harmonics, 27 days and 12 h 50.49 m (2nd harmonic of lunar rotation period L 2 ) periodicities. Using histograms for one year samples, it is shown that the deviations from monthly medians are nearly zero mean (mean 〈 0.5) and approximately Gaussian (relative difference range between %10 to %20) and their standard deviations are larger for daylight hours (in the range 5-7). It is shown that the amplitude distribution of the positive and negative deviations is nearly symmetrical at night hours, but asymmetrical for day hours. The positive and negative deviations are then studied separately and it is observed that the positive deviations are nearly independent of R12 except for high latitudes, but negative deviations are modulated by R12 . The 90% confidence interval for negative deviations for each station and each hour is computed as a linear model in terms of R12. After correction for local time, it is shown that for all hours the confidence intervals increase with latitude but decrease above 60N. Long-term trend analysis showed that there is an increase in the amplitude of positive deviations from monthly means irrespective of the solar conditions. Using spectral analysis it is also shown that the seasonal dependency of negative deviations is more accentuated than the seasonal dependency of positive deviations especially at low latitudes. In certain stations, it is also observed that the 4th harmonic of 1 year corresponding to a periodicity of 3 months, which is missing in f 0 F 2 data, appears in the spectra of negative variations.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: deviations ; solar cycle ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In this paper hourly daily F2-layer critical frequency data recorded at Rome and one minute daily TEC data recorded at Florence were used and the relevant variabiles were calculated. It was concluded that there was no clear evidence as to how they correlated. In order to obtain a measure of the f 0 F 2 and TEC variability, the normalised differences df0 F2 and d TEC from the relevant monthly median values were also considered. Since no clear evidence could be obtained as of how df0 F2 and d TEC correlate, a new parameter, the ?Ap /?R ratio was tried. ?Ap was taken as the difference between the maximum value of Ap measured at the relevant disturbance and that corresponding at the beginning of the disturbance. ?R corresponded to the two above mentioned values of Ap. This parameter was compared to the differences of the corresponding df0 F2 values called ?df and d TEC values called ?dT. In wintertime, when ?A p /? R was negative, for the vast majority of the occurrences either ?df or ?dT was negative; ?df and ?dT were never observed to be negative at the same time whereas they were both positive in fewer than 10% of the observations. When ?A p /?R was positive then either ?df or ?dT were negative. In summertime when ?A p /?R was negative both ?df and ?dT were negative. When ?A p /?R was positive, while a positive ?df corresponded almost always to a positive ?dT, a negative ?df would equiprobably indicate either a positive or a negative ?dT.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionopshere ; ionospheric modelling ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: High-resolution vertical electron density true height profiles from Athens Digisonde are used to calculate the electron content up to the peak of the F 2 layer (bottomside electron content) and also the topside electron content up to 1000 km, using the Huang-Reinisch method, to investigate the relative behavior of these two parameters during storm events. It was shown that the topside electron content represents roughly the 2/3 of the total electron content of the ionosphere and it is strongly affected by the geomagnetic activity, much more than the bottomside electron content. During daylight hours the values of the topside electron content exhibit intense fluctuations, while they become smoother in nature during events of night-time F 2 layer uplifting caused by the auroral activity. All these facts demonstrate that the Huang-Reinisch method provides a realistic tool for monitoring the variations of the ionospheric ionisation at a given location and it could be used in the frames of a world wide effort for the development of realistic models to accurately predict the electron content and to support effectively earth-space communications including navigation systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: bottom side electron content ; topside electron content ; ionispheric storm effect ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: As an alternative to traditional parametric approaches, we suggest nonparametric methods for analyzing temporal data on earthquake occurrences. In particular, the kernel method for estimating the hazard function and the intensity function are presented. One novelty of our approaches is that we take into account the possible dependence of the data to estimate the distribution of time intervals between earthquakes, which has not been considered in most statistics studies on seismicity. Kernel estimation of hazard function has been used to study the occurrence process of cluster centers (main shocks). Kernel intensity estimation, on the other hand, has helped to describe the occurrence process of cluster members (aftershocks). Similar studies in two geographic areas of Spain (Granada and Galicia) have been carried out to illustrate the estimation methods suggested.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: nonparametric estimation ; hazard function ; intensity function ; dependent data ; clustering ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Much uncertainty currently exists in the use by different workers of the term variability in describing the results of statistical analyses applied to ionospheric measurement data sets and in their relationships with various existing or new ionospheric models. Often it is not clear whether data for different time periods or different geographical areas, and if so which, are being used to formulate results. Terms are presented in the Annex which it is suggested should be used, at least once in every publication addressing this topic, to describe unambiguously what is talked about. The background to the proposed terminology is discussed. Options for variability parameters are also addressed.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionosphere ; ionospheroc terminology ; space and time variation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Seismic hazard in terms of probability of exceedance of a given intensity in a given time span,was assessed for 12 sites in Japan.The method does not use any attenuation law.Instead,the dependence of local intensity on epicentral intensity I 0 is calculated directly from the data,using a Bayesian model.According to this model (Meroni et al., 1994),local intensity follows the binomial distribution with parameters (I 0 ,p ).The parameter p is considered as a random variable following the Beta distribution.This manner of Bayesian estimates of p are assessed for various values of epicentral intensity and epicentral distance.In order to apply this model for the assessment of seismic hazard,the area under consideration is divided into seismic sources (zones)of known seismicity.The contribution of each source on the seismic hazard at every site is calculated according to the Bayesian model and the result is the combined effect of all the sources.High probabilities of exceedance were calculated for the sites that are in the central part of the country,with hazard decreasing slightly towards the north and the south parts.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Bayesian estimation ; local intensity ; random variable p ; probabilities of exceedance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A critical part of the vertical ionospheric electron concentration profile is the region above its maximum (topside ionosphere) and many attempts have been made to model this region because of the limited experimental data available. Recently, many topside electron concentration profiles obtained with the Intercosmos-19 satellite became accessible through the Internet. The period analyzed corresponds to March 1979 - December 1980, a time interval of high solar activity. The present work describes the comparison of these profiles with the IRI and NeQuick model profiles obtained by driving the models with the values of the maximum electron concentration and its height given by the satellite.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionospheric electron ; comparison profiles ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Recently an increasing number of topside electron density profiles has been made available to the scientific community on the Internet. These data are important for ionospheric modeling purposes, since the experimental information on the electron density above the ionosphere maximum of ionization is very scarce. The present work compares NeQuick and IRI models with the topside electron density profiles available in the databases of the ISIS2, IK19 and Cosmos 1809 satellites. Experimental electron content from the F2 peak up to satellite height and electron densities at fixed heights above the peak have been compared under a wide range of different conditions. The analysis performed points out the behavior of the models and the improvements needed to be assessed to have a better reproduction of the experimental results. NeQuick topside is a modified Epstein layer, with thickness parameter determined by an empirical relation. It appears that its performance is strongly affected by this parameter, indicating the need for improvements of its formulation. IRI topside is based on Booker's approach to consider two parts with constant height gradients. It appears that this formulation leads to an overestimation of the electron density in the upper part of the profiles, and overestimation of TEC.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: topside ionosphere ; electron density models ; topside soundings ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The ionospheric electron density model NeQuick is a «profiler» which uses the peaks of the E-layer, the F1-layer and the F2-layer as anchor points. In the version prepared for and submitted to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) the model uses the ITU-R (CCIR) maps for foF2 and M(3000)F2 and adapted maps similar to the ITU-R ones for foE and foF1. Since users found problematic behaviour of NeQuick under conditions of strong differences of foE and foF2 map structures, the profiling was adapted by changing the properties of the Epstein layers used for this purpose. The new formulation avoids both strange horizontal structures of the geographic distribution of electron density in fixed heights and unrealistic peculiarities of the height profile which occasionally occurred with the old version of the model. Since the Epstein layer approach allows for 8 parameters only (3 layer amplitudes and 5 semi-thicknesses) the adaptation was no minor task but needed careful planning of suitable strategies.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionosphere ; electron density models ; profilers ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.03. Forecasts
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Electron density models of the ionosphere use different analytical formulations for the electron density vertical profile in the topside. The present paper compares some single-layer topside analytical descriptions (Chapman, Epstein, modified Epstein used in the NeQuick model) with experimental topside profiles obtained from measurements of IK19 and ISIS2 satellites. The limits of height range and shape for each formulation are described and analyzed and suggestions for the use of multiple layers solution to reproduce experimental results are given.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: topside ionosphere ; ionospheric modeling ; ionospheric layer formulation ; top side soundings ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Based on the indicative modelling, the changes in Coulomb failure function (?CFS) suggest that the W-HV segment and the T-P segment could be stable in at least the future 300 years and 190 years respectively, for these periods should be needed to accumulate the stress released by the M 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake, assuming that there is no influence from other sources, the earthquake did not alter the failure threshold, and that failure is a fairly deterministic process. The results also show that the influence on the W-HV segment and T-P segment of the Wellington Fault caused by the 1855, M 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake is significant considering that the average fault rupture recurrence interval on the Wellington Fault is about 500-770 years. With our present understanding of the Wellington and Wairarapa faults, it can be concluded that the 1855 Wairarapa earthquake retarded earthquake occurrence on the W-HV segment and the T-P segment of the Wellington Fault. Thus the seismic hazard in the Wellington region may be over-estimated.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Wellington region ; changes on Coulombfailure stress ; earthquake hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A brief summary is given of the major achievements of the COST 271 Action. New challenges have been identified that open the way for a proposal, which is outlined, for a follow-on to the COST 271 Action within the COST Telecommunications, Information Science and Technology framework.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: An important part of the tasks of Working Group 2 of the COST Action 271 «Assessment of space plasma effect for satellites applications» is the assessment of novel data sources for information about the state of ionisation of the ionosphere. This report deals with those aspects which are not represented adequately in the scientific papers in this issue. Here emphasis is given to the product aspect (data and model collections, descriptions of methods and algorithms, availability of products, expected future developments) and the links between the past COST Actions 238 and 251 with the present Action 271 and with possible future cooperations. Working Group 2 was leading in the transionospheric propagation aspects of possible products for the International Telecommunication Unions Radiocommunication (ITU-R) Study Group 3. This report gives a short overview emphasizing future developments.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In winter and equinoctial season nights, the main trough of the F region is an important stable structure of the ionosphere at the border between mid and high latitudes. Therefore it has to be taken into account in modelling and mapping approaches. Werner and Prölss (1995) derived a model for the position of the trough minimum which has found wide acceptance. The model is based on in-situ electron density data measured aboard the low orbiting Dynamic Explorer satellite DE 2 (1981-1986). We present results for other properties of the main trough derived from the same data set. These results are sufficiently good for modelling purposes which need reliable information on the depth, the equatorward and poleward width and the steepness of the walls of the trough. Because of the eccentric orbit of DE 2 (orbit height between about 300-1000 km) it was necessary to «project» observed electron densities to the peak of the F 2 layer. This was done by means of the electron density model COSTprof. The database was restricted to those cases for which the height of DE 2 was below 700 km. Examples are shown for «typical» troughs observed under various conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionosphere ; on in-situ electron density ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper deals with some fundamental considerations regarding the behaviour of geotechnical structures under seismic loading. First a complete definition of the earthquake disaster risk is provided, followed by the importance of performing site-specific hazard analysis. Then some suggestions are provided in regard to adequate assessment of soil parameters, a crucial point to properly analyze the seismic behaviour of geotechnical structures. The core of the paper is centered on a critical review of the analysis methods available for studying geotechnical structures under seismic loadings. All of the available methods can be classified into three main classes, including the pseudo-static, pseudo-dynamic and dynamic approaches, each of which is reviewed for applicability. A more advanced analysis procedure, suitable for a so-called performance-based design approach, is also described in the paper. Finally, the seismic behaviour of the El Infiernillo Dam was investigated. It was shown that coupled elastoplastic dynamic analyses disclose some of the important features of dam behaviour under seismic loading, confirmed by comparing analytical computation and experimental measurements on the dam body during and after a past earthquake.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic design ; soil dynamics ; case histories ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Telecommunications via ionospheric reflection of radio signals of ground-based transmitters are a traditional area. However, this technique is still in use in telecommunications, broadcasting, etc. Various problems have not yet been solved and some of them were studied in Working Group 3 (WG3). Structure of WG 3 and the terms of reference of its four working packages are described in the introductory paper by Zolesi and Cander (2004). Here we describe the main results achieved in COST 271 in the following areas: i) large-scale fluctuations of planetary and gravity waves; ii) development of a new type of HF channel simulator; iii) geomagnetic storm effects on the F1-region ionosphere; iv) the sporadic E-layer and spread-F phenomena; v) the HF radio wave propagation over northerly paths; vi) how to increase the bit rate in ionospheric radio links. In general, substantial progress was achieved but some problems remain open for future investigations.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper summarizes the the activities carried out by Working Group 4 of COST 271 Action. The structure of this Working Group included four Working packages that were dealing with different aspects of the same overall problem related to space plasma variability and irregularities effects on advanced satellite systems. General comments about the most relevant achievements and possible future lines of research are given.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere subsystem is strongly coupled via the electric field, particle precipitation, heat flows and small scale interaction. Satellites in situ measurements and ground based complex diagnostics can provide comprehensive coverage of both time and geomagnetic place effects. Human activity also can perturb Earth s environment, but few are connected with controlled experiments in the ionosphere and are transient. Most of them are related to industrial activity and have increased in recent years. The most important power sources are broadcasting transmitters, power stations, power lines and heavy industry. At ionospheric altitude some disturbances and physical processes are related to seismic activity, thunderstorm activity and some global changes in the Earth environment such as ozone holes. Various natural and artificial indicators can affect satellite telecommunication quality. The aim of this presentation is to report progress in understanding the physical processes in the ionosphere described above and to assess the application of these considerations to the study of plasma effects on Earth-space and satellite-to-satellite communication.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The paper presents an overview of the scientific research carried out in the frames of Working Group 1 activities of the COST Action 271. The basic objective of this Working Group was the study of the impact of ionospheric variability on communications. The main achievements and an overall evaluation are reported.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 31
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    INGV
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This article discusses the significance of the achievements of the COST 271 Action on science and technology for space weather and telecommunications in Europe and the world. The Action's work has impacted national and international projects and the decision processes. The key words encompassed in the title of COST 271 are «space weather». But as the reader of this Final Report will appreciate, many more topics were addressed during the Action by the large team of workers from a wide range of countries and organisations than this wording would suggest. Relevant to the performance of telecommunication systems that rely on the presence of the ionosphere for propagation support, or that are affected by transmission through it, there have been investigations among other items of solar and magnetosphere disturbances on the ionosphere, satellite and ground-based measurements of the ionosphere, assembly of near-real-time databases of ionosphere information on the Web, studies of planetary and gravity waves in the ionosphere, ionosphere modelling, mapping and forecasting, long-term changes, ray-path deviations in the presence of irregularities, channel-scattering functions, and scintillations on Earth-space paths. The impact of all this work on the outside communities can be considered within three broad headings as follows.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 32
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    Birkhäuser
    In:  Zürich, 256 pp., Birkhäuser, vol. 106, pp. 503, (ISBN 0521537436)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: GeodesyY ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Seismicity ; Earthquake hazard ; Martin ; Davila ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Global Positioning System ; Seismology ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Paleomagnetism ; Geodesy ; PAG ; Udias
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