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  • Oxford University Press  (80,069)
  • PANGAEA  (50,742)
  • Cell Press  (46,874)
  • 2010-2014  (175,991)
  • 1945-1949  (1,694)
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  • 1
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    Surface sediment samples from several fore-arc basins west and southwest of the Indonesian Archipelago, analyzed by planktonic foraminifera, stable oxygen and carbon isotopic signals and opal and CaCO3 contents in bulk sediment (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Mohtadi, Mahyar; Max, Lars; Hebbeln, Dierk; Baumgart, Anne; Krück, Nils; Jennerjahn, Tim C (2007): Modern environmental conditions recorded in surface sediment samples off W and SW Indonesia: Planktonic foraminifera and biogenic compounds analyses. Marine Micropaleontology, 65(1-2), 96-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.06.004
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: A total of 69 surface sediment samples from several fore-arc basins located west and southwest of the Indonesian Archipelago was analyzed with respect to the faunal composition of planktonic foraminifera, the stable oxygen and carbon isotopic signal of a surface-dwelling (Globigerinoides ruber) and a thermocline-dwelling (Neogloboquadrina dutertrei) species, and the opal and CaCO3 contents in bulk sediment. Our results show that the distribution pattern of opal in surface sediments corresponds well to the upwelling-induced chlorophyll concentration in the upper water column and thus, represents a reliable proxy for marine productivity in the coastal upwelling area off S and SW Indonesia. Present-day oceanography and marine productivity are also reflected in the tropical to subtropical and upwelling assemblages of planktonic foraminifera in the surface sediments, which in part differ from previous studies in this region probably due to different coring methods and dissolution effects. The average stable oxygen isotopic values (d18O) of G. ruber in surface sediments vary between 2.9 per mill and 3.2 per mill from basin to basin and correspond to the oceanographic settings during the SE monsoon (July-October) off west Sumatra, whereas off southern Indonesia, they reflect the NW monsoon (December-March) or annual average conditions. The d18O values of N. dutertrei show a stronger interbasinal variation between 1.6 per mill and 2.2 per mill and correspond to the upper thermocline hydrology in July-October. In addition, the difference between the shell carbon isotopic values (d13C) of G. ruber and N. dutertrei (Delta d13C) appears to be an appropriate productivity recorder only in the non-upwelling areas off west Sumatra. Consequently, joint interpretation of the isotopic values of these species is distinctive for different fore-arc basins W and SW of Indonesia and should be considered in paleoceanographic studies.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB10008-4; GeoB10010-1; GeoB10014-1; GeoB10015-1; GeoB10016-2; GeoB10022-6; GeoB10024-3; GeoB10025-3; GeoB10026-2; GeoB10027-3; GeoB10028-4; GeoB10029-3; GeoB10031-3; GeoB10033-3; GeoB10034-3; GeoB10036-3; GeoB10038-3; GeoB10039-3; GeoB10040-3; GeoB10041-3; GeoB10042-2; GeoB10044-3; GeoB10047-1; GeoB10049-5; GeoB10050-1; GeoB10058-1; GeoB10059-1; GeoB10061-5; GeoB10063-5; GeoB10064-5; GeoB10065-9; GeoB10067-5; GeoB10068-2; GeoB10069-4; Indian Ocean; MARUM; MUC; MultiCorer; PABESIA; SO184/1; SO184/2; SO189/2; SO189/2_002; SO189/2_003; SO189/2_009; SO189/2_011; SO189/2_027; SO189/2_028; SO189/2_031; SO189/2_032; SO189/2_034; SO189/2_035; SO189/2_038; SO189/2_041; SO189/2_048; SO189/2_051; SO189/2_053; SO189/2_059; SO189/2_060; SO189/2_064; SO189/2_065; SO189/2_069; SO189/2_072; SO189/2_076; SO189/2_080; SO189/2_084; SO189/2_087; SO189/2_089; SO189/2_097; SO189/2_101; SO189/2_104; SO189/2_112; SO189/2_114; SO189/2_118; SO189/2_121; SO189/2_139; SO189/2_147; Sonne; SUMATRA
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 2
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    Sinking rates of particles measured from deployments in the Atlantic Ocean based on seasonal data (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Fischer, Gerhard; Karakas, Gökay (2009): Sinking rates and ballast composition of particles in the Atlantic Ocean: implications for the organic carbon fluxes to the deep ocean. Biogeosciences, 6, 85-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-85-2009
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The flux of materials to the deep sea is dominated by larger, organic-rich particles with sinking rates varying between a few meters and several hundred meters per day. Mineral ballast may regulate the transfer of organic matter and other components by determining the sinking rates, e.g. via particle density. We calculated particle sinking rates from mass flux patterns and alkenone measurements applying the results of sediment trap experiments from the Atlantic Ocean. We have indication for higher particle sinking rates in carbonate-dominated production systems when considering both regional and seasonal data. During a summer coccolithophorid bloom in the Cape Blanc coastal upwelling off Mauritania, particle sinking rates reached almost 570 m per day, most probably due the fast sedimentation of densely packed zooplankton fecal pellets, which transport high amounts of organic carbon associated with coccoliths to the deep ocean despite rather low production. During the recurring winter-spring blooms off NW Africa and in opal-rich production systems of the Southern Ocean, sinking rates of larger particles, most probably diatom aggregates, showed a tendency to lower values. However, there is no straightforward relationship between carbonate content and particle sinking rates. This could be due to the unknown composition of carbonate and/or the influence of particle size and shape on sinking rates. It also remains noticeable that the highest sinking rates occurred in dust-rich ocean regions off NW Africa, but this issue deserves further detailed field and laboratory investigations. We obtained increasing sinking rates with depth. By using a seven-compartment biogeochemical model, it was shown that the deep ocean organic carbon flux at a mesotrophic sediment trap site off Cape Blanc can be captured fairly well using seasonal variable particle sinking rates. Our model provides a total organic carbon flux of 0.29 Tg per year down to 3000 m off the NW African upwelling region between 5 and 35° N. Simple parameterisations of remineralisation and sinking rates in such models, however, limit their capability in reproducing the flux variation in the water column.
    Keywords: ANT-III/2; ANT-VII/5; BO3; BO3_trap; Bouvet Island; Cape Blanc; CB1_trap; CB13; CB13_trap; CB2_trap; CB3_trap; CB4_trap; CB7; CB7_trap; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; CV1-2_trap; CV2; CV2_trap; EA7; EA7_trap; EA8; EA8_trap; EA9; EA9_trap; East Equatorial Atlantic; Eastern equatorial Atlantic; GBN3_trap; GBS5; GBS5_trap; GeoB2212-8; GeoB2908; KG1_trap; M12/1; M16/2; M22/1; M29/3; M6/6; M9/4; MARUM; Meteor (1986); MOOR; Mooring; Mooring (long time); MOORY; Northwest Africa; PF3; Polar Front; Polarstern; PS06; PS14; Trap; TRAP; Trap, sediment; TRAPS; WA10; WA10_trap; WA11; WA11_trap; WA13; WA13_trap; WA14; WA14_trap; WA19; WA19_trap; WA4_trap; WA7_trap; WA8_trap; WA9; WA9_trap; Walvis Ridge, Southeast Atlantic Ocean; Western Atlantic; Western Equatorial Atlantic; WR2_trap
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 3
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    Magnetic extracts of three gravity cores located at the Ceará Rise, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Sierra Leone Rise (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Franke, Christine; von Dobeneck, Tilo; Drury, Martyn R; Meeldijk, Johannes D; Dekkers, Mark J (2007): Magnetic petrology of equatorial Atlantic sediments: Electron microscopy results and their implications for environmental magnetic interpretation. Paleoceanography, 22, PA4207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001442
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The magnetic microparticle and nanoparticle inventories of marine sediments from equatorial Atlantic sites were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to classify all present detrital and authigenic magnetic mineral species and to investigate their regional distribution, origin, transport, and preservation. This information is used to establish source-to-sink relations and to constrain environmental magnetic proxy interpretations for this area. Magnetic extracts were prepared from sediments of three supralysoclinal open ocean gravity cores located at the Ceará Rise (GeoB 1523-1; 3°49.9'N/41°37.3'W), the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (GeoB 4313-2; 4°02.8'N/33°26.3'W), and the Sierra Leone Rise (GeoB 2910-1; 4°50.7'N/21°03.2'W). Sediments from two depths corresponding to marine isotope stages 4 and 5.5 were processed. This selection represents glacial and interglacial conditions of sedimentation for the western, central, and eastern equatorial Atlantic and avoids interferences from subsurface and anoxic processes. Crystallographic, elemental, morphological, and granulometric data of more than 2000 magnetic particles were collected by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. On basis of these properties, nine particle classes could be defined: detrital magnetite, titanomagnetite (fragmental and euhedral), titanomagnetite-hemoilmentite intergrowths, silicates with magnetic inclusions, microcrystalline hematite, magnetite spherules, bacterial magnetite, goethite needles, and nanoparticle clusters. Each class can be associated with fluvial, eolian, subaeric, and submarine volcanic, biogenic, or chemogenic sources. Large-scale sedimentation patterns are delineated as well: detrital magnetite is typical of Amazon discharge, fragmental titanomagnetite is a submarine weathering product of mid-ocean ridge basalts, and titanomagnetite-hemoilmenite intergrowths are common magnetic particles in West African dust. This clear regionalization underlines that magnetic petrology is an excellent indicator of source-to-sink relations. Hematite encrustations, magnetic spherules, and nanoparticle clusters were found at all investigated sites, while bacterial magnetite and authigenic hematite were only detected at the more oxic western site. At the eastern site, surface pits and crevices were seen on the crystal faces indicating subtle early diagenetic reductive dissolution. It was observed that paleoclimatic signatures of magnetogranulometric parameters such as the ratio of anhysteretic and isothermal remanent magnetizations can be formed either by mixing of multiple sources with separate, relatively narrow grain size ranges (western site) or by variable sorting of a single source with a broad grain size distribution (eastern site). Hematite, goethite, and possibly ferrihydrite nanoparticles occur in all sediment cores studied and have either high-coercive or superparamagnetic properties depending on their partly ultrafine grain sizes. These two magnetic fractions are generally discussed as separate fractions, but we suggest that they could actually be genetically linked.
    Keywords: Amazon Fan; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB1523-1; GeoB2910-1; GeoB4313-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M16/2; M29/3; M38/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Midatlantic Ridge; Sierra Leone Rise; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 4
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    Paleomagnetic analysed of two sediment cores off Cape Ghir (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bleil, Ulrich; Dillon, Melanie (2008): Holocene Earth's magnetic field variations recorded in marine sediments of the NW African continental margin. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, 52(2), 133-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11200-008-0010-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Holocene records documenting variations in direction and intensity of the geomagnetic field during the last about seven and a half millennia are presented for Northwest Africa. High resolution paleomagnetic analyses of two marine sediment sequences recovered from around 900 meter water depth on the upper continental slope off Cape Ghir (30°51'N, 10°16'W) were supplemented by magnetic measurements characterizing composition, concentration, grain size and coercivity of the magnetic mineral assemblage. Age control for the high sedimentation rate deposits (~60 cm/kyr) was established by AMS radiocarbon dates. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) is very predominantly carried by a fine grained, mostly single domain (titano-)magnetite fraction allowing the reliable definition of stable NRM inclinations and declinations from alternating field demagnetization and principal component analysis. Predictions of the Korte and Constable (2005) geomagnetic field model CALS7K.2 for the study area are in fair agreement with the Holocene directional records for the most parts, yet noticeable differences exist in some intervals. The magnetic mineral inventory of the sediments reveals various climate controlled variations, specifically in concentration and grain size. A very strong impact had the mid-Holocene environmental change from humid to arid conditions on the African continent which also clearly affects relative paleointensity (RPI) estimates based on different remanence normalizers. To overcome this problem the pseudo-Thellier RPI technique has been applied. The results represent the first Holocene record of Earth's magnetic field intensity variations in the NW Africa region. It displays long term trends similar to those of model predictions, but also conspicuous millennium scale differences.
    Keywords: 261; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB6007-2; GeoB8601-3; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M45/5a; M58/2; MARUM; Meteor (1986); off Northwest Africa; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 10 datasets
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  • 5
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    Physics, geochemistry and bulk sedimentology on cores from the Peru Basin (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Weber, Michael E (1998): Estimation of biogenic carbonate and opal by continuous non-destructive measurements in deep-sea sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 45(11), 1955-1975, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00028-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Empirical relationships between physical properties determined non-destructively by core logging devices and calibrated by carbonate and opal measurements determined on discrete samples allow extraction of carbonate and opal records from the non-destructive measurements in biogenic settings. Contents of detrital material can be calculated as a residual. For carbonate and opal the correlation coefficients (r) are 0.954 and ?0.916 for sediment density, ?0.816 and 0.845 for compressional-wave velocity, 0.908 and ?0.942 for acoustic impedance, and 0.886 and ?0.865 for sediment color (lightness). Carbonate contents increase in concert with increasing density and acoustic impedance, decreasing velocity and lighter sediment color. The opposite is true for opal. The advantages of deriving the sediment composition quantitatively from core logging are: (i) sampling resolution is increased significantly, (ii) non-destructive data can be gathered rapidly, and (iii) laboratory work on discrete samples can be reduced. Applied to paleoceanographic problems, this method offers the opportunity of precise stratigraphic correlations and of studying processes related to biogenic sedimentation in more detail. Density is most promising because it is most strongly affected by changes in composition.
    Keywords: 178KG; 179KG; 181KL; 183KG; 184KL; 185KG; 186KG; 188KG; 189KL; 190KG; 193KG; 194KG; 196KG; 197KG; 201MX; 202KG; 204KG; 206KL; 207KG; 209KG; 210MX; 212KG; 215KG; 216KG; 217KL; 220KG; 221KG; 222SL; 223MX; 225GA; 226KG; 227KG; 229KL; 230KG; 231KG; 234KG; 235KL; 236KG; 237KG; 242KG; 243KL; 244KA; 246KG; 247KG; 248KG; 249KL; 251KL; 252KG; 254KL; 255KG; 260KG; 261KA; 262KG; 264KG; 265KG; 268KA; 269MC; 272KA; 276KL; 277KG; 278KA; 286KL; 287KG; 290KG; 292KG; ATESEPP; BCR; Box corer (Reineck); Grab_BGR Video A; Gravity corer (Kiel type); GTVA; KAL; Kasten corer; KL; MAXC; MaxiCorer; MUC; MultiCorer; Piston corer (BGR type); SL; SO106/1; SO106/1_169KL; SO106/1_178KG; SO106/1_179KG; SO106/1_181KL; SO106/1_183KG; SO106/1_184KL; SO106/1_185KG; SO106/1_186KG; SO106/1_188KG; SO106/1_189KL; SO106/1_190KG; SO106/1_193KG; SO106/1_194KG; SO106/1_196KG; SO106/1_197KG; SO106/1_201MX; SO106/1_202KG; SO106/1_204KG; SO106/1_206KL; SO106/1_207KG; SO106/1_209KG; SO106/1_210MX; SO106/1_212KG; SO106/1_215KG; SO106/1_216KG; SO106/1_217KL; SO106/1_220KG; SO106/1_221KG; SO106/1_222SL; SO106/1_223MX; SO106/1_225GA; SO106/1_226KG; SO106/1_227KG; SO106/1_229KL; SO106/1_230KG; SO106/1_231KG; SO106/1_234KG; SO106/1_235KL; SO106/1_236KG; SO106/1_237KG; SO106/1_242KG; SO106/2; SO106/2_243KL; SO106/2_244KA; SO106/2_246KG; SO106/2_247KG; SO106/2_248KG; SO106/2_249KL; SO106/2_251KL; SO106/2_252KG; SO106/2_254KL; SO106/2_255KG; SO106/2_260KG; SO106/2_261KA; SO106/2_262KG; SO106/2_264KG; SO106/2_265KG; SO106/2_268KA; SO106/2_269MC; SO106/2_272KA; SO106/2_276KL; SO106/2_277KG; SO106/2_278KA; SO106/2_286KL; SO106/2_287KG; SO106/2_290KG; SO106/2_292KG; SO106/2_515KG; SO106/2_537KG; SO106/2_554MC; SO106/2_556KG; SO106/2_558KG; SO106/2_563KG; SO106/2_571MC; SO106/2_596KG; Sonne
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 175 datasets
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  • 6
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    Investigations on a sediment core from the Indian Ocean (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Weber, Michael E (1997): Quantitative Ableitung sedimentphysikalischer Parameter mit Hilfe eines Multi-Sensor Core Loggers - neue Wege in der Analytik mariner Sedimente. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geologie, 43, 144-153, hdl:10013/epic.37615.d001
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) enables non-destructive, quasi-continuous measuroments of physical properties, reducing the time needed for discrete sample analysis. Density, compressional wave velocity (Vp), and magnetic susceptibility are measured on water-saturated sediment cores. Rapid variations in the lithology can thus be more easily recognized. The advantages of MSCL measurements over traditional sedimentological investigation methods are illustrated using several examples. Density-Vp relationships provide detailed lithological information prior to splitting the sediment cores. In terrigenous sediments, density increases with Vp, whereas in biogenic sediments it decreases. In biogenic sediments in the South Atlantic, low densities and high Vp are associated with high opal content. In biogenic sediments in the Peru Basin, density increases with carbonate content. Carbonate, which is very important for deep-sea environmental protection and for paleoclimatic studies, can be determined quantitatively from MSCL measurements in this area. In terrigenous sediments in the Bengal Fan, the acoustic impedance (the product of density and Vp) increases with grain size. There, the grain-size distribution can be rapidly derived from the acoustic impedance. Moreover, in hemipelagic sediments in the Bengal Fan, it is possible to correlate variations in magnetic susceptibility with cyclic changes in the earth's orbital parameters - an important prerequisite for detailed stratigraphic studies.
    Keywords: BENGAL FAN; Indian Ocean; KL; Piston corer (BGR type); SO93/1; SO93/1_22KL; Sonne
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  • 7
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    Sedimentology on two core from the Bransfield Strait area (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Troll, Georg; Matthies, Dietmar; Hofstetter, Alfons; Skeries, Wolfgang (1994): Recent and subrecent marine sediments of the North-Western Weddell Sea and the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Polarforschung, 62(2/3), 129-144, hdl:10013/epic.29707.d001
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The raw material for these investigations are samples from marine (sub)surface sediments around the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula. They had been sampled in the years 1981 to 1986 during several expeditions of the research vessels Meteor, Polarstern and Walther Herwig. 83 box core, gravity core and dredge samples from the area of the Bransfield Strait, the Powell Basin and the northern Weddell Sea have been examined for their grain-size distribution, their mineralogical and petrographical composition. Silt prevails and its clay proportions exceed 25% wt. in water depths greater than 2000 m. The granulometrical results reveal some typical sedimentation processes within the area of investigation. While turbiditic processes together with sediment input from melting icebergs control the sedimentation in the Weddell Sea, the South Orkney Island Plateau and the Powell Basin, the fine grained material from Bransfield Strait mainly relies on marine currents in the shelf area. In addition, the direct sediment input of coarse shelf sediments from the Bransfield Strait into the Powell Basin through submarine canyons could be proven. Variations in the grain-size composition with sediment depth are smalI. The mineral composition of the clay and fine silt fractions is quite uniform in all samples. There are (in decreasing order): illite, montmorillonite, chlorite, smectite, mixed-Iayers, as well as detrital quartz and feldspars. A petrographically based sediment stratigraphy can be established in using the considerable changes in the chlorite- and Ca-plagioclase portions in samples from Core 224. For this sedimentation area a mean sedimentation rate of 7 cm/1000 a is assumed. Remarkable changes in the portions of amorphous silica components - diatom skeletons and volcanic glass shards - appear all over the area of investigation. They contribute between 4-83 % to the clay and fine silt fraction. Several provinces according to the heavy mineral assemblages in the fine sand fraction can be distinguished: (i) a province remarkably influenced by minerals of volcanic origin south and north of the South Shetland Islands; (ii) a small strip with sediment dominated by plutonic material along the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and (iii) a sediment controlled by metamorphic minerals and rock fragments in the area of the Weddell Sea and Elephant Island. While taking the whole grain-size spectrum into account a more comprehensive interpretation can be given: the accessoric but distinct appearance of tourmaline, rutile and zircon in the heavy mineral assembly along the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula is in agreement with the occurrence of acid volcanic rock pieces in the coarse fraction of the ice load detritus in this region. In the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands chlorite appears in remarkable portions in the clay fraction in combination with leucoxene, sphene and olivine, and pumice as well as pyroclastic rocks in the medium and coarse grain fractions, respectively. Amphiboles and amphibole-schists are dominant on the South Orkney Island Plateau. In the sediments of the northwestern Weddell Sea the heavy mineral phases of red spinel, garnet, kyanite and sillimanite in connection with medium to highgrade metamorphic rocks especially granulitic gneisses, are more abundant. A good conformity between the ice rafted rock sampIes and the rocks in the island outcrops could be proven, especially in the vicinity of offshore islands nearby. On the continent enrichments of rock societies and groups appear in spacious outlines: acid effusive rocks in the west of the ice divide on the Antarctic Peninsula, clastic sedimentites at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and granoblastic gneisses in central and eastern Antarctica. Coarse grain detritus with more than 1 cm of diameter must have been rafted by icebergs. These rock fragments are classified as rock types, groups and societies. The spacial distribution of their statistically determined weight relations evidently shows the paths of the iceberg drift and in nexus with already known iceberg routes also point to the possible areas of provenance, provided that the density of sample locations and the number of rock pieces are sufficient.
    Keywords: ANT-III/3; MULT; Multiple investigations; Polarstern; PS06/224; PS06/228; PS06 SIBEX
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  • 8
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    Radiocarbon dataing, stable oxygen isotopes, and Mg/Ca ratios in surface sediment samples of the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Mohtadi, Mahyar; Oppo, Delia W; Lückge, Andreas; De Pol-Holz, Ricardo; Groeneveld, Jeroen; Steinke, Stephan; Hemme, Nils; Hebbeln, Dierk (2011): Reconstructing the thermal structure of the upper ocean: Insights from planktic foraminifera shell chemistry and alkenones in modern sediments of the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. Paleoceanography, 26, PA2119, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002132
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Shell chemistry of planktic foraminifera and the alkenone unsaturation index in 69 surface sediment samples in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean off West and South Indonesia were studied. Results were compared to modern hydrographic data in order to assess how modern environmental conditions are preserved in sedimentary record, and to determine the best possible proxies to reconstruct seasonality, thermal gradient and upper water column characteristics in this part of the world ocean. Our results imply that alkenone-derived temperatures record annual mean temperatures in the study area. However, this finding might be an artifact due to the temperature limitation of this proxy above 28°C. Combined study of shell stable oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca ratio of planktic foraminifera suggests that Globigerinoides ruber sensu stricto (s.s.), G. ruber sensu lato (s.l.), and G. sacculifer calcify within the mixed-layer between 20 m and 50 m, whereas Globigerina bulloides records mixed-layer conditions at ~50 m depth during boreal summer. Mean calcifications of Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, and Globorotalia tumida occur at the top of the thermocline during boreal summer, at ~75 m, 75-100 m, and 100 m, respectively. Shell Mg/Ca ratios of all species show a significant correlation with temperature at their apparent calcification depths and validate the application of previously published temperature calibrations, except for G. tumida that requires a regional Mg/Ca-temperature calibration (Mg/Ca = 0.41 exp (0.068*T)). We show that the difference in Mg/Ca-temperatures of the mixed-layer species and the thermocline species, particularly between G. ruber s.s. (or s.l.) and P. obliquiloculata, can be applied to track changes in the upper water column stratification. Our results provide critical tools for reconstructing past changes in the hydrography of the study area and their relation to monsoon, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB10008-4; GeoB10010-1; GeoB10014-1; GeoB10015-1; GeoB10016-2; GeoB10022-6; GeoB10024-3; GeoB10025-3; GeoB10026-2; GeoB10027-3; GeoB10028-4; GeoB10029-3; GeoB10031-3; GeoB10033-3; GeoB10034-3; GeoB10036-3; GeoB10038-3; GeoB10039-3; GeoB10040-3; GeoB10041-3; GeoB10042-2; GeoB10044-3; GeoB10047-1; GeoB10049-5; GeoB10050-1; GeoB10058-1; GeoB10059-1; GeoB10061-5; GeoB10063-5; GeoB10064-5; GeoB10065-9; GeoB10067-5; GeoB10068-2; GeoB10069-4; Indian Ocean; MARUM; MUC; MultiCorer; PABESIA; SO184/1; SO184/2; SO189/2; SO189/2_002; SO189/2_003; SO189/2_009; SO189/2_011; SO189/2_027; SO189/2_028; SO189/2_031; SO189/2_032; SO189/2_034; SO189/2_035; SO189/2_038; SO189/2_041; SO189/2_048; SO189/2_051; SO189/2_053; SO189/2_059; SO189/2_060; SO189/2_064; SO189/2_065; SO189/2_069; SO189/2_072; SO189/2_076; SO189/2_080; SO189/2_084; SO189/2_087; SO189/2_089; SO189/2_097; SO189/2_101; SO189/2_104; SO189/2_112; SO189/2_114; SO189/2_118; SO189/2_121; SO189/2_139; SO189/2_147; Sonne; SUMATRA
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 9
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    Mineral composition, rare earth elements, and trace elements from samples of the northern Congo deep-sea fan (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Feng, Dong; Chen, Duofu; Peckmann, Jörn; Bohrmann, Gerhard (2010): Authigenic carbonates from methane seeps of the northern Congo fan: Microbial formation mechanism. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 27, 748-756, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.08.006
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Authigenic carbonates were collected from methane seeps at Hydrate Hole at 3113 m water depth and Diapir Field at 2417 m water depth on the northern Congo deep-sea fan during RV Meteor cruise M56. The carbonate samples analyzed here are nodules, mainly composed of aragonite and high-Mg calcite. Abundant putative microbial carbonate rods and associated pyrite framboids were recognized within the carbonate matrix. The d13C values of the Hydrate Hole carbonates range from -62.5 permil to -46.3 permil PDB, while the d13C values of the Diapir Field carbonate are somewhat higher, ranging from -40.7 permil to -30.7 permil PDB, indicating that methane is the predominant carbon source at both locations. Relative enrichment of 18O (d18O values as high as 5.2 permil PDB) are probably related to localized destabilization of gas hydrate. The total content of rare earth elements (REE) of 5% HNO3-treated solutions derived from carbonate samples varies from 1.6 ppm to 42.5 ppm. The shale-normalized REE patterns all display positive Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* 〉 1.3), revealing that the carbonates precipitated under anoxic conditions. A sample from Hydrate Hole shows a concentric lamination, corresponding to fluctuations in d13C values as well as trace elements contents. These fluctuations are presumed to reflect changes of seepage flux.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Congo Fan; GeoB8212-2; GeoB8215-2; M56/2; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Television-Grab; TVG
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 10
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    Dissolved organic carbon concentrations, amino sugar concentrations and highly significantly correlating FT-ICR mass peak magnitudes obtained from solid phase extracted marine dissolved organic matter during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXV/1 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Flerus, Ruth; Lechtenfeld, Oliver J; Koch, Boris P; McCallister, S Leigh; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe; Benner, Ronald; Kaiser, Karl; Kattner, Gerhard (2012): A molecular perspective on the ageing of marine dissolved organic matter. Biogeosciences, 9(6), 1935-1955, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1935-2012
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted with solid phase extraction (SPE) from 137 water samples from different climate zones and different depths along an Eastern Atlantic Ocean transect. The extracts were analyzed with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). D14C analyses were performed on subsamples of the SPE-DOM. In addition, the amount of dissolved organic carbon was determined for all water and SPE-DOM samples as well as the yield of amino sugars for selected samples. Linear correlations were observed between the magnitudes of 43% of the FT-ICR mass peaks and the extract D14C values. Decreasing SPE-DOM D14C values went along with a shift in the molecular composition to higher average masses (m/z) and lower hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratios. The correlation was used to model the SPE-DOM D14C distribution for all 137 samples. Based on single mass peaks a degradation index was developed to compare the degradation state of marine SPE-DOM samples analyzed with FT-ICR MS. A correlation between D14C, degradation index, DOC values and amino sugar yield supports that SPE-DOM analyzed with FT-ICR MS reflects trends of bulk DOM. A relative mass peak magnitude ratio was used to compare aged SPE-DOM and fresh SPE-DOM regarding single mass peaks. The magnitude ratios show a continuum of different reactivities for the single compounds. Only few of the compounds present in the FT-ICR mass spectra are expected to be highly degraded in the oldest water masses of the Pacific Ocean. All other compounds should persist partly thermohaline circulation. Prokaryotic (bacterial) production, transformation and accumulation of this very stable DOM occurs probably primarily in the upper ocean. This DOM is an important contribution to very old DOM, showing that production and degradation are dynamic processes.
    Keywords: ANT-XXV/1; Atlantic, transit cruise; Canarias Sea; Celtic Sea; CT; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Polarstern; PS73; PS73/004-1; PS73/006-1; PS73/006-3; PS73/008-1; PS73/010-2; PS73/013-1; PS73/015-1; PS73/015-2; PS73/015-4; PS73/017-2; PS73/019-1; PS73/022-1; PS73/024-1; PS73/026-1; PS73/026-2; PS73/026-4; PS73/028-1; PS73/030-1; PS73/030-3; PS73/032-1; PS73/032-4; PS73/034-1; PS73/036-1; PS73/038-1; PS73/038-3; PS73/042-1; PS73/044-1; PS73/044-2; PS73/047-1; PS73/051-1; PS73/054-1; PS73/056-1; PS73/056-3; PS73/056-4; PS73/059-1; PS73/062-1; PS73/062-3; PS73/064-1; PS73/1-track; South Atlantic Ocean; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 11
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    Planktonic foraminiferal (Globigerinoides ruber) Mg/Ca ratios and SSTs of sediment cores GeoB9501-4 and GeoB9501-5 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Multidecadal variations in Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST) influence the climate of the Northern Hemisphere. However, prior to the instrumental time period, information on multidecadal climate variability becomes limited, and there is a particular scarcity of sufficiently resolved SST reconstructions. Here, we present an eastern tropical North Atlantic reconstruction of SSTs based on foraminiferal (Globigerinoides ruber pink) Mg/Ca ratios that resolves multidecadal variability over the past 1700 years. Spectral power in the multidecadal band (50 to 70 years period) is significant over several time intervals suggesting that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) has been influencing local SST. Since our data exhibit high scatter the absence of multidecadal variability in the remaining record does not exclude the possibility that SST variations on this time scale might have been present without being detected in our data. Cooling by ~0.5 °C takes place between about AD 1250 and AD 1500; while this corresponds to the inception of the Little Ice Age (LIA), the end of the LIA is not reflected in our record and SST remains relatively low. This transition to cooler SSTs parallels the previously reconstructed shift in the North Atlantic Oscillation towards a low pre-20th century mean state and possibly reflects common solar forcing.
    Keywords: 286; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9501-4; GeoB9501-5; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; M65/1; MARUM; Mauritania Canyon; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 12
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    Organic geochemical parameters (biomarker) in sedimentary sequences and sediment traps (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Fahl, Kirsten; Stein, Ruediger (2012): Modern seasonal variability and deglacial/Holocene change of central Arctic Ocean sea-ice cover: New insights from biomarker proxy records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 351-352, 123-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.009
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: For the reconstruction of sea-ice variability, a biomarker approach which is based on (1) the determination of sea-ice diatom-specific highly-branched isoprenoid (IP25) and (2) the coupling of phytoplankton biomarkers and IP25 has been used. For the first time, such a data set was obtained from an array of two sediment traps deployed at the southern Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean at water depth of 150 m and 1550 m and recording the seasonal variability of sea ice cover in 1995/1996. These data indicate a predominantly permanent sea ice cover at the trap location between November 1995 and June 1996, an ice-edge situation with increased phytoplankton productivity and sea-ice algae input in July/August 1996, and the start of new-ice formation in late September. The record of modern sea-ice variability is then used to better interpret data from sediment core PS2458-4 recovered at the Laptev Sea continental slope close to the interception with Lomonosov Ridge and recording the post-glacial to Holocene change in sea-ice cover. Based on IP25 and phytoplankton biomarker data from Core PS2458-4, minimum sea-ice cover was reconstructed for the Bølling/Allerød warm interval between about 14.5 and 13 calendar kyr BP, followed by a rapid and distinct increase in sea-ice cover at about 12.8 calendar kyr BP. This sea-ice event was directly preceded by a dramatic freshwater event and a collapse of phytoplankton productivity, having started about 100 years earlier. These data are the first direct evidence that enhanced freshwater flux caused enhanced sea-ice formation in the Arctic at the beginning of the Younger Dryas. In combination with a contemporaneous, abrupt and very prominent freshwater/meltwater pulse in the Yermak Plateau/Fram Strait area these data may furthermore support the hypothesis that strongly enhanced freshwater (and ice) export from the Arctic into the North Atlantic could have played an important trigger role for the onset of the Younger Dryas cold reversal. During the Early Holocene, sea-ice cover steadily increased again (ice-edge situation), reaching modern sea-ice conditions (more or less permanent sea-ice cover) probably at about 7–8 calendar kyr BP.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-IX/4; ARK-XI/1; AWI_Paleo; KAL; Kasten corer; Laptev Sea; Mooring (long time); MOORY; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Polarstern; PS2458-4; PS27; PS27/038; PS2756-1; PS36; PS36/051LOMO-2
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 13
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    Biometric measurements of Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cortese, Giuseppe; Gersonde, Rainer; Maschner, Katharina; Medley, Pamela (2012): Glacial-interglacial size variability in the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis: Possible iron/dust controls? Paleoceanography, 27, PA1208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002187
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The valve area of Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, the most abundant diatom species in the Southern Ocean, strongly changes in size in response to varying conditions in the surface ocean. We examined the link, both in two iron fertilization experiments and in sediment samples covering several glacial Terminations, between size variability in this species and environmental conditions across the Antarctic Polar Front, including sea ice extent, sea surface temperature, and the input of eolian dust. The iron fertilization experiments show valve area to be positively correlated with iron concentrations in ambient waters, which suggests the possibility of a causal relation between valve size of Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and ambient surface water iron concentration. Larger valves are usually found during glacial times and thus seem to be related to lower sea surface temperature and wider sea ice coverage. Moreover, our results indicate that there usually is a strong correlation between larger valve size and increased input of eolian dust to the Southern Ocean. However, this correlation, obvious for the fertilization experiments and for glacial Terminations I, II, III, and V, does not seem to be valid for Termination VI, where size appears to be inversely correlated to dust input.
    Keywords: 177-1093; ANT-VI/3; ANT-XI/2; ANT-XVIII/2; ANT-XXI/3; Atlantic Indik Ridge; AWI_Paleo; BONGO; Bongo net; COMPCORE; Composite Core; CTD/Rosette; CTD118; CTD121; CTD146; CTD15; CTD150; CTD18; CTD47; CTD55; CTD64; CTD67; CTD71; CTD-RO; Gravity corer (Kiel type); International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Joides Resolution; KL; Leg177; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Piston corer (BGR type); Polarstern; PS12; PS12/557; PS1654-2; PS2498-1; PS2499-5; PS28; PS28/304; PS28/314; PS58/011-3; PS58/012-4; PS58/014-4; PS58/038-7; PS58/042-5; PS58/045-9; PS58/046-5; PS58/048-5; PS58/088-7; PS58/090-2; PS58/107-6; PS58/108-3; PS58 EISENEX; PS65/424-22; PS65/427-6; PS65/508-22; PS65/509-16; PS65/511-12; PS65/513-18; PS65/514-18; PS65/543-5; PS65/546-19; PS65/553-3; PS65/570-14; PS65/580-12; PS65/587-12; PS65/591-11; PS65/593-9; PS65 EIFEX; SL; South Atlantic; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 14
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    Pore water (SO4, CH4, alkalinity, HS-, Ca, Sr, Mg, Ba) and solid phase (Ca, Sr, Mg, Ba) data measured in pockmark sediments of the Northern Congo Fan (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Nöthen, Kerstin; Kasten, Sabine (2011): Reconstructing changes in seep activity by means of pore water and solid phase Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in pockmark sediments of the Northern Congo Fan. Marine Geology, 287(1-4), 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.06.008
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: This study focuses on the vertical distribution of authigenic carbonates (aragonite and high Mg-calcite) in the form of finely disseminated precipitates as well as massive carbonate concretions present in and above gas hydrate bearing sediments of the Northern Congo Fan. Analyses of Ca, Mg, Sr and Ba in pore water, bulk sediments and authigenic carbonates were carried out on gravity cores taken from three pockmark structures (Hydrate Hole, Black Hole and Worm Hole). In addition, a background core was retrieved from an area not influenced by fluid seepage. Pore water Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios are used to reveal the current depths of carbonate formation as well as the mineralogy of the authigenic precipitates. The Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of bulk sediments and massive carbonate concretions were applied to infer the presence and depth distribution of authigenic aragonite and high Mg-calcite, based on the approach presented by Bayon et al. [Bayon et al. (2007). Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in Niger Delta sediments: Implications for authigenic carbonate genesis in cold seep environments. Marine Geology 241(1–4), 93–109, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2007.03.007]. We show that the approach developed by Bayon et al. (2007) for sediments of cold seeps of the Niger Delta is also suitable to identify the mineralogy of authigenic carbonates in pockmark sediments of the Congo Deep-Sea Fan. We expand this approach by combining interstitial with solid phase Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios, which demonstrate that high Mg-calcite is the predominant authigenic carbonate that currently forms at the sulfate/methane reaction zone (SMRZ). This is the first study which investigates both solid phase and pore water signatures typical for either aragonite or high Mg-calcite precipitation for the same sediment cores and thus is able to identify active and fossil carbonate precipitation events. At all investigated pockmark sites fossil horizons of the SMRZ were deduced from high Mg-calcite located above and below the current depths of the SMRZ. Additionally, aragonite enrichments typical for high seepage rates were detected close to the sediment surface at these sites. However, active precipitation of aragonite as indicated by pore water characteristics only occurs at the Black Hole site. Dissolved and solid phase Ba concentrations were used to estimate the time the SMRZ was fixed at the current depths of the diagenetic barite fronts. The combined pore water and solid phase elemental ratios (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) and Ba concentrations allow the reconstruction of past changes in methane seepage at the investigated pockmark sites. At the Hydrate Hole and Worm Hole sites the time of high methane seepage was estimated to have ceased at least 600 yr BP. In contrast, a more recent change from a high flux to a more dormant stage must have occurred at the Black Hole site as evidenced by active aragonite precipitation at the sediment surface and a lack of diagenetic Ba enrichments.
    Keywords: AWI_EcolChem; Congo Fan; Ecological Chemistry @ AWI; GC; GeoB8203-3; GeoB8205-2; GeoB8208-4; GeoB8213-2; Gravity corer; M56/2; Meteor (1986)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 13 datasets
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  • 15
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    Age determinations of bottom sediments from the Sea of Okhotsk by different methods (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bubenshchikova, N V; Nürnberg, Dirk; Gorbarenko, Sergey A; Lembke-Jene, Lester (2010): Variations of the oxygen minimum zone of the Okhotsk Sea during the last 50 ka as indicated by benthic foraminiferal and biogeochemical data. Translated from Okeanologiya, 2010, 50(1), 99-113, Oceanology, 50(1), 93-106, https://doi.org/10.1134/S000143701001011X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: On the base of data on benthic foraminifera and sediment biogeochemistry (contents of total organic carbon, calcium carbonate and biogenic opal) in two cores (1265 and 1312 m water depth) from the southeastern Sakhalin slope and one core (839 m water depth) from the southwestern Kamchatka slope variations of the oxygen minimum zone during the last 50 ka in the Okhotsk Sea are reconstructed. The oxygen minimum zone was less pronounced during cooling in the MIS 2 that is suggested to be caused by maximal expansion of the sea ice cover, decrease of marine productivity and increase of production of oxygenated Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW). Two-step-like strengthening of oxygen minimum zone during warmings in the Terminations 1a and 1b was combined with (1) enhanced oxygen consumption due to decomposition of large amount of organic matter in the water column and bottom sediments due to increased marine productivity and supply of terrigenous material from submerged northern shelves; (2) sea ice cover retreat and reduction of OSIW production; (3) freely inflow of the oxygen-depleted intermediate water mass from the North Pacific.
    Keywords: Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev; Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; GC; Gravity corer; KOMEX I; LV28; LV28-2-4; LV28-40-5; LV28-43-5; Sea of Okhotsk
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 16
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    Geochemistry and documentation of water and sediment profiles from KOMEX I expedition (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Documentation and geochemical measurements of water and sediment profiles from KOMEX I expedition.
    Keywords: Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; GC; GEOMAR; Gravity corer; Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; HYC; Hydro corer; KOMEX; KOMEX I; Kurile-Okhotsk Sea Marine Experiment; LV28; LV28-11-1; LV28-14-1; LV28-15-2; LV28-17-1; LV28-17-2; LV28-20-1; LV28-20-2; LV28-20-3; LV28-2-1; LV28-21-1; LV28-2-2; LV28-2-3; LV28-2-4; LV28-24-1; LV28-25-1; LV28-28-1; LV28-29-1; LV28-30-3; LV28-30-4; LV28-3-2; LV28-32-1; LV28-34-1; LV28-34-2; LV28-37-1; LV28-39-1; LV28-40-1; LV28-40-3; LV28-40-4; LV28-40-5; LV28-41-1; LV28-41-4; LV28-41-5; LV28-4-2; LV28-42-2; LV28-42-3; LV28-42-4; LV28-42-5; LV28-4-3; LV28-43-1; LV28-43-3; LV28-43-4; LV28-43-5; LV28-4-4; LV28-44-2; LV28-44-3; LV28-44-4; LV28-44-5; LV28-4-5; LV28-5-1; LV28-55-1; LV28-6-1; LV28-61-1; LV28-61-3; LV28-62-1; LV28-63-1; LV28-64-1; LV28-64-3; LV28-64-5; LV28-65-1; LV28-66-2; LV28-8-1; MSN; MUC; MultiCorer; Multiple opening/closing net; Sea of Okhotsk
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 98 datasets
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  • 17
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    Colour reflectance and descriptions of seven sediment cores from the Weddell Sea (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Weber, Michael E; Clark, Peter U; Ricken, Werner; Mitrovica, Jerry X; Hostetler, Steven W; Kuhn, Gerhard (2011): Interhemispheric ice-sheet synchronicity during the last glacial maximum. Science, 334(6060), 1265-1269, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209299
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The timing of the last maximum extent of the Antarctic ice sheets relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. We develop a chronology for the Weddell Sea sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet that, combined with ages from other Antarctic ice-sheet sectors, indicates that the advance to and retreat from their maximum extent was within dating uncertainties synchronous with most sectors of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Surface climate forcing of Antarctic mass balance would probably cause an opposite response, whereby a warming climate would increase accumulation but not surface melting. Our new data support teleconnections involving sea-level forcing from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation and attendant heat flux to Antarctic grounding lines to synchronize the hemispheric ice sheets.
    Keywords: ANT-V/4; ANT-VI/3; ANT-VIII/5; AWI_Paleo; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Halley Bay; Lyddan Island; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Polarstern; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS10; PS10/778; PS12; PS12/319; PS1498-2; PS1599-3; PS16; PS16/409; PS16/410; PS16/413; PS16/417; PS16/432; PS1789-1; PS1790-1; PS1791-2; PS1793-2; PS1798-1; SL; SPP1158; Weddell Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 10 datasets
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  • 18
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    Hydrography and documentation of sediment profiles from expedition KOMEX II (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Documentation and geochemical measurements of water and sediment profiles from KOMEX II expedition.
    Keywords: Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Derugin Basin; Eastern continental slope of Sakhalin; Eastern slope of Kurile Basin; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Gravity corer (Russian type); HYC; Hydro corer; KOMEX; KOMEX II; Kurile Basin; Kurile-Okhotsk Sea Marine Experiment; La Perusa (Soya) Strait; LV29-1; LV29-100-1; LV29-10-1; LV29-103-2; LV29-103-3; LV29-103-4; LV29-104-2; LV29-104-3; LV29-104-4; LV29-106-2; LV29-106-4; LV29-106-5; LV29-108-2; LV29-108-4; LV29-108-5; LV29-1-1; LV29-110-2; LV29-11-1; LV29-112-2; LV29-112-5; LV29-114-2; LV29-114-4; LV29-115-1; LV29-116-2; LV29-120-1; LV29-12-1; LV29-123-1; LV29-131-2; LV29-131-4; LV29-14-1; LV29-15-1; LV29-16-1; LV29-17-1; LV29-19-1; LV29-2; LV29-20-1; LV29-2-1; LV29-22-1; LV29-23-1; LV29-24-1; LV29-25-1; LV29-27-1; LV29-28-1; LV29-29-1; LV29-31-1; LV29-32-1; LV29-34-1; LV29-35-1; LV29-38-1; LV29-39-1; LV29-4-1; LV29-42-5; LV29-43-1; LV29-45-1; LV29-46-1; LV29-47-1; LV29-50-1; LV29-5-1; LV29-51-1; LV29-53-1; LV29-53-2; LV29-56-1; LV29-59-1; LV29-6-1; LV29-63-1; LV29-66-1; LV29-69-2; LV29-69-3; LV29-69-4; LV29-70-2; LV29-70-4; LV29-70-5; LV29-7-1; LV29-72-2; LV29-72-3; LV29-72-4; LV29-76-3; LV29-78-2; LV29-78-3; LV29-79-1; LV29-79-2; LV29-79-3; LV29-81-1; LV29-82-1; LV29-84-1; LV29-84-2; LV29-87-1; LV29-88-2; LV29-88-3; LV29-88-4; LV29-88-5; LV29-89-2; LV29-90-1; LV29-9-1; LV29-91-1; LV29-91-3; LV29-92-1; LV29-94-2; LV29-94-3; LV29-94-4; MSN; MUC; MultiCorer; Multiple opening/closing net; Obzhirov flare; Ocean Floor Observation System; OFOS; RGC; Sakhalin Gulf; Sakhalin shelf and slope; SL; Southwestern Kamchatka slope; Terpenia bay
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 133 datasets
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  • 19
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    Sea surface temperature estimates and alkenone C37:4 abundances in ODP Site 145-882 and 177-1090 (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Martínez‐García, Alfredo; Rosell-Melé, Antoni; McClymont, Erin L; Gersonde, Rainer; Haug, Gerald H (2010): Subpolar Link to the Emergence of the Modern Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue. Science, 328(5985), 1550-1553, https://doi.org/10.1126/Science.1184480
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The cold upwelling 'tongue' of the eastern equatorial Pacific is a central energetic feature of the ocean, dominating both the mean state and temporal variability of climate in the tropics and beyond. Recent evidence for the development of the modern cold tongue during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition has been explained as the result of extratropical cooling that drove a shoaling of the thermocline. We have found that the sub-Antarctic and sub-Arctic regions underwent substantial cooling nearly synchronous to the cold tongue development, thereby providing support for this hypothesis. In addition, we show that sub-Antarctic climate changed in its response to Earth's orbital variations, from a subtropical to a subpolar pattern, as expected if cooling shrank the warm-water sphere of the ocean and thus contracted the subtropical gyres.
    Keywords: 145-882; 177-1090; Agulhas Ridge; ANT-XI/2; AWI_Paleo; COMPCORE; Composite Core; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Joides Resolution; KL; Leg145; Leg177; North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Piston corer (BGR type); Polarstern; PS2489-2; PS28; PS28/256; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 20
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    Age model, lipids, and iron/calcium-ratios of sediment core GeoB9307-3 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schefuß, Enno; Kuhlmann, Holger; Mollenhauer, Gesine; Prange, Matthias; Pätzold, Jürgen (2011): Forcing of south-east African wet phases during the last 17,000 years. Nature, 480(7378), 509-512, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10685
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Hide Intense debate persists about the climatic mechanisms governing hydrologic changes in tropical and subtropical southeast Africa since the Last Glacial Maximum, about 20,000 years ago. In particular, the relative importance of atmospheric and oceanic processes is not firmly established. Southward shifts of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) driven by high-latitude climate changes have been suggested as a primary forcing, whereas other studies infer a predominant influence of Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures on regional rainfall changes. To address this question, a continuous record representing an integrated signal of regional climate variability is required, but has until now been missing. Here we show that remote atmospheric forcing by cold events in the northern high latitudes appears to have been the main driver of hydro-climatology in southeast Africa during rapid climate changes over the past 17,000 years. Our results are based on a reconstruction of precipitation and river discharge changes, as recorded in a marine sediment core off the mouth of the Zambezi River, near the southern boundary of the modern seasonal ITCZ migration. Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures did not exert a primary control over southeast African hydrologic variability. Instead, phases of high precipitation and terrestrial discharge occurred when the ITCZ was forced southwards during Northern Hemisphere cold events, such as Heinrich stadial 1 (around 16,000 years ago) and the Younger Dryas (around 12,000 years ago), or when local summer insolation was high in the late Holocene, i.e., during the last 4,000 years.
    Keywords: 11; AFRIDEEP; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9307-3; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M63/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Sambesi Fan; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 21
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    Sea ice measurements during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/7 (Winter Weddell Outflow Study) (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Various physical properties of snow and sea ice were measured during ice stations in the Western Weddell Sea, Antarctic, during the POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/7 (WWOS) in 2006. Most stations were reached via a gangway directly from the vessels others by helicopter. All vertical positions are corrected to freeboard, e.g. z=0 represents the snow-ice interface. More detailed information about the data sets and methods are available from the cruise report (section 4 sea-ice physics).
    Keywords: ANT-XXIII/7; ANT-XXIII/7_597-HELI; ANT-XXIII/7_598-HELI; Atlantic Ocean; HELI; Helicopter; ICE; Ice station; Polarstern; PS69/542-2; PS69/543-1; PS69/545-2; PS69/549-2; PS69/551-2; PS69/551-3; PS69/554-2; PS69/556-1; PS69/558-1; PS69/561-2; PS69/564-1; PS69/565-1; PS69/567-4; PS69/568-1; PS69/568-4; PS69/571-1; PS69/573-1; PS69/575-1; PS69/577-1; PS69/578-1; PS69/579-1; PS69/580-1; PS69/584-1; PS69/585-1; PS69/586-1; PS69 WWOS; Scotia Sea, southwest Atlantic; Weddell Sea; WS-1; WS-10; WS-11; WS-12; WS-13; WS-17; WS-18; WS-19; WS-2; WS-21; WS-22; WS-4; WS-5; WS-6; WS-7; WS-8
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 22
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    Geochemical investigations of sediment profiles in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Voelker, Antje H L (1999): Zur Deutung der Dansgaard-Oeschger Ereignisse in ultra-hochauflösenden Sedimentprofilen aus dem Europäischen Nordmeer (Dansgaard-Oeschger events in ultra-high resolution sediment records from the Nordic Seas). Berichte-Reports, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Kiel, 9, 278 pp, https://doi.org/10.2312/reports-ifg.1999.9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: High-, i.e. 15-140-yr-resolution climate records from sediment cores 23071, 23074, and PS2644 from the Nordic Seas were used to recon:;truct changes in the surface and deep water circulation during marine isotope stages 1-5.1, i.e. the last 82 000 yr. From this the causal links between the paleoceanographic signals and the Dansgaard-Oeschger events 1-21 revealed in 0180-ice-core records from Greenland were determined. The stratigraphy of the cores is based on the planktic 0180 curves, the minima of which were directly correlated with the GISP2-0180 record, numerous AMS 14C ages, and some ash layers. The planktic d18O and dl3C curves of all three cores reveal numerous meltwater events, the most pronounced of which were assigned to the Heinrich events 1-6. The meltwater events, among other things also accompanied by cold sea surface temperatures and high IRD concentration, correlate with the stadial phases of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles and in the western Iceland Sea also to colder periods or abrupt drops in 0180 within a few longer interstadials. Besides being more numerous, the meltwater events also show isotope values lighter in the Iceland Sea than in the central Norwegian Sea, especially if compared to core 23071. This implies a continuous inflow of relative warm Atlantic water into the Norwegian Sea and a cyclonic circulation regime.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-X/2; AWI_Paleo; Denmark Strait; Giant box corer; GIK/IfG; GIK23071-2; GIK23071-3; GIK23074-1; GIK23074-3; GIK23351-1; GIK23351-4; GIK23354-4; GIK23354-6; GKG; GLAMAP; Global Environmental Change: The Northern North Atlantic; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Institute for Geosciences, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel; KAL; Kasten corer; M2/2; M7/5; Meteor (1986); Norwegian-Greenland Sea; Norwegian Sea; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Polarstern; PS2613-1; PS2613-6; PS2616-7; PS2644-2; PS2644-5; PS2645-2; PS2645-5; PS2646-2; PS2646-5; PS2647-2; PS2647-5; PS31; PS31/113; PS31/116; PS31/160; PS31/160-5; PS31/161; PS31/162; PS31/163; Quaternary Environment of the Eurasian North; QUEEN; SFB313; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 48 datasets
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  • 23
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    Contents and stable carbon isotope compositions of biomarkers indicative for AOM-communities dominated by different ANME groups in two carbonate samples from Hydrate Hole pockmark (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Haas, Antonie; Peckmann, Jörn; Elvert, Marcus; Sahling, Heiko; Bohrmann, Gerhard (2010): Patterns of carbonate authigenesis at the Kouilou pockmarks on the Congo deep-sea fan. Marine Geology, 268(1-4), 129-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.027
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Different types of seep carbonates were recovered from the 'Kouilou pockmarks' on the Congo deep-sea fan in approximately 3100 m water depth. The carbonate aggregates are represented by pyritiferous nodules, crusts and slabs, tubes, and filled molds. The latter are interpreted to represent casts of former burrows of bivalves and holothurians. The nodules consisting of high-Mg-calcite apparently formed deeper within the sediments than the predominantly aragonitic crusts and slabs. Nodule formation was caused by anaerobic oxidation of methane dominantly involving archaea of the phylogenetic ANME-1 group, whereas aragonitic crusts resulted from the activity of archaea of the ANME-2 cluster. Evidence for this correlation is based on the distribution of specific biomarkers in the two types of carbonate aggregates, showing higher hydroxyarchaeol to archaeol ratios in the crusts as opposed to nodules. Formation of crusts closer to the seafloor than nodules is indicated by higher carbonate contents of crusts, probably reflecting higher porosities of the host sediment during carbonate formation. This finding is supported by lower d18O values of crusts, agreeing with precipitation from pore waters similar in composition to seawater. The aragonitic mineralogy of the crusts is also in accord with precipitation from sulfate-rich pore waters similar to seawater. Moreover, the interpretation regarding the relative depth of formation of crusts and nodules agrees with the commonly observed pattern that ANME-1 archaea tend to occur deeper in the sediment than members of the ANME-2 group. Methane represents the predominant carbon source of all carbonates (d13C values as low as -58.9 per mil V-PDB) and the encrusted archaeal biomarkers (d13C values as low as -140 per mil V-PDB). Oxygen isotope values of some nodular carbonates, ranging from + 3.9 to + 5.1per mil V-PDB, are too high for precipitation in equilibrium with seawater, probably reflecting the destabilization of gas hydrates, which are particularly abundant at the Kouilou pockmarks.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Congo Fan; GeoB8207-1; GeoB8212-2; M56/2; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Television-Grab; TVG
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 24
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    Climatic records of the late Holocene from sediment core GeoB9504-3 off Senegal (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Nizou, Jean; Hanebuth, Till J J; Vogt, Christoph (2011): Deciphering signals of late Holocene fluvial and aeolian supply from a shelf sediment depocentre off Senegal (north-west Africa). Journal of Quaternary Science, 26(4), 411-421, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1467
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: High-resolution climatic records of the late Holocene along the north-west African continental margin are scarce. Here we combine sediment grain size, elemental distribution and mineral assemblage data to trace dust and riverine sources at a shallow-marine sediment depocentre in the vicinity of the Senegal River mouth. The aim is to understand how these terrigenous components reflect climate variability during the late Holocene. Major element contents were measured and mineral identification was performed on three sub-fractions of our sediment core: (i) fluvial material 〈2 µm, (ii) aeolian material of 18-63 µm and (iii) a sub-fraction of dual-origin material of 2-18 µm. Results show that more than 80% of the total Al and Fe terrigenous bulk content is present in the fluviogenic fraction. In contrast, Ti, K and Si cannot be considered as proxies for one specific source off Senegal. The Al/Ca ratio, recording the continental river runoff, reveals two dry periods from 3010 to 2750 cal a BP and from 1900 to 1000 cal a BP, and two main humid periods from 2750 to 1900 cal a BP and from 1000 to 700 cal a BP. The match between (i) intervals of low river runoff inferred by low Al/Ca values, (ii) reduced river discharge inferred by integrated palynological data from offshore Senegal and (iii) periods of enhanced dune reactivation in Mali confirms this interpretation.
    Keywords: 289; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9504-3; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 9 datasets
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  • 25
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    Nd, Sr and Pb isotopes and clay minerals in sediment cores from the Gulf of Cadiz and the Portuguese margin (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Stumpf, Roland; Frank, Martin; Schönfeld, Joachim; Haley, Brian A (2011): Climatically driven changes in sediment supply on the SW Iberian shelf since the Last Glacial Maximum. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 312(1-2), 80-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.10.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The assemblages of marine sediments on the SW Iberian shelf have been controlled by contributions from distinct sources, which have varied in response to environmental changes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The rapid, decadal scale Mediterranean overturning circulation permits mixing of suspended particles from the entire Mediterranean Sea. They are entrained into the suspended particulate matter (SPM) carried by Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), which enters the eastern North Atlantic through the Strait of Gibraltar and spreads at intermediate depths in the Gulf of Cadiz and along the Portuguese continental margin. Other major sediment sources that have contributed to the characteristics and budget of SPM along the flow path of MOW on the SW Iberian shelf are North African dust and river-transported particles from the Iberian Peninsula. To reconstruct climate- and circulation-driven changes in the supply of sediments over the past ~23000 cal yr B.P., radiogenic Nd, Sr and Pb isotope records of the clay-size sediment fraction were obtained from one gravity core in the Gulf of Cadiz (577 m water depth) and from two gravity cores on the Portuguese shelf (1745 m, 1974 m water depth). These records are supplemented by time series analyses of clay mineral abundances from the same set of samples. Contrary to expectations, the transition from the LGM to the Holocene was not accompanied by strong changes in sediment provenance or transport, whereas Heinrich Event 1 (H1) and the African Humid Period (AHP) were marked by significantly different isotopic signatures reflecting changes in source contributions caused by supply of ice rafted material originating from the North American craton during H1 and diminished supply of Saharan dust during the AHP. The data also reveal that the timing of variations in the clay mineral abundances was decoupled from that of the radiogenic isotope signatures.
    Keywords: Gravity corer (Kiel type); M39/1; M39/1_08-3; M39/1_36-4; M39/1_58-2; M39008-3; M39058-2; Meteor (1986); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 26
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    Seismic reflection data, calcium/iron ratios, stable istopes, and magnetic susceptibility of sediment cores from the Pen Duick Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Van Rooij, David; Blamart, Dominique; De Mol, Lies; Mienis, Furu; Pirlet, Hans; Wehrmann, Laura Mariana; Barbieri, R; Maignien, Lois; Templer, Stefanie P; de Haas, Henk; Hebbeln, Dierk; Frank, Norbert; Larmagnat, Stéphanie; Stadnitskaia, Alina; Stivaletta, N; van Weering, Tjeerd C E; Zhang, Yancheng; Hamoumi, N; Cnudde, Veerle; Duyck, P; Henriet, Jean-Pierre; MiCROSYSTEMS MD 169 shipboard party (2011): Cold-water coral mounds on the Pen Duick Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz: the MiCROSYSTEMS project approach. Marine Geology, 282(1-2), 102-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.08.012
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Here we present a case study of three cold-water coral mounds in a juvenile growth stage on top of the Pen Duick Escarpment in the Gulf of Cadiz; Alpha, Beta and Gamma mounds. Although cold-water corals are a common feature on the adjacent cliffs, mud volcanoes and open slope, no actual living cold-water coral has been observed. This multidisciplinary and integrated study comprises geophysical, sedimentological and (bio)geochemical data and aims to present a holistic view on the interaction of both environmental and geological drivers in cold-water coral mound development in the Gulf of Cadiz. Coring data evidences (past or present) methane seepage near the Pen Duick Escarpment. Several sources and pathways are proposed, among which a stratigraphic migration through uplifted Miocene series underneath the escarpment. The dominant morphology of the escarpment has influenced the local hydrodynamics within the course of the Pliocene, as documented by the emplacement of a sediment drift. Predominantly during post-Middle Pleistocene glacial episodes, favourable conditions were present for mound growth. An additional advantage for mound formation near the top of Pen Duick Escarpment is presented by seepage-related carbonate crusts which might have offered a suitable substrate for coral settling. The spatially and temporally variable character and burial stage of the observed open reef frameworks, formed by cold-water coral rubble, provides a possible model for the transition from cold-water coral reef patches towards juvenile mound. These rubble "graveyards" not only act as sediment trap but also as micro-habitat for a wide range of organisms. The presence of a fluctuating Sulphate-Methane Transition Zone has an important effect on early diagenetic processes, affecting both geochemical and physical characteristics, transforming the buried reef into a solid mound. Nevertheless, the responsible seepage fluxes seem to be locally variable. As such, the origin and evolution of the cold-water coral mounds on top of the Pen Duick Escarpment is, probably more than any other NE Atlantic cold-water coral mound province, located on the crossroads of environmental (hydrodynamic) and geological (seepage) pathways.
    Keywords: Belgica; BG09/14b; BG09/14b-track; CALYPSO; Calypso Corer; CT; GC; Gravity corer; Gulf of Cádiz, Atlantic Ocean; HERMIONE; Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Mans Impact On European Seas; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD04-2806; MD08-3215G; MD08-3216G; MD08-3220G; MD08-3227; MD140; MD169; MICROSYSTEMS; PRIVILEGE; South Atlantic Ocean; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 27
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    In situ measurements of hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and temperature in diffuse fluids of the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zielinski, Frank; Gennerich, Hans-Hermann; Borowski, Christian; Wenzhöfer, Frank; Dubilier, Nicole (2011): In situ measurements of hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and temperature in diffuse fluids of an ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal vent field (Logatchev, 14°45'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Implications for chemosymbiotic bathymodiolin mussels. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12, Q0AE04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003632
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The Logatchev hydrothermal vent field (14°45'N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) is located in a ridge segment characterized by mantle-derived ultramafic outcrops. Compared to basalt-hosted vents, Logatchev high temperature fluids are relatively low in sulfide indicating that the diffuse, low temperature fluids of this vent field may not contain sufficient sulfide concentrations to support a chemosymbiotic invertebrate community. However, the high abundances of bathymodiolin mussels with bacterial symbionts related to free-living sulfur oxidizing bacteria suggested that bioavailable sulfide is present at Logatchev. To clarify if diffuse fluids above mussel beds of Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis provide the reductants and oxidants needed by their symbionts for aerobic sulfide oxidation, in situ microsensor measurements of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and oxygen were combined with simultaneous temperature measurements. High temporal fluctuations of all three parameters were measured above the mussel beds. H2S and O2 co-existed with mean concentrations between 9-31 µM (H2S) and 216-228 µM (O2). Temperature maxima (〈= 7.4°C) were generally concurrent with H2S maxima (〈= 156 µM) and O2 minima (〉= 142 µM). Long-term measurements for 250 days using temperature as a proxy for oxygen and sulfide concentrations indicated that the mussels were neither oxygen- nor sulfide-limited. Our in situ measurements at Logatchev indicate that sulfide may also be bioavailable in diffuse fluids from other ultramafic-hosted vents along slow- and ultraslow-spreading ridges.
    Keywords: 8-Channel Temperature Lance; 8-CTL; DERIDGE; From Mantle to Ocean: Energy-, Material- and Life-cycles at Spreading Axes; HYDROMAR1; HYDROMAR2; M60/3; M60/3-29-ROV; M60/3-38-ROV; M60/3-66-ROV; M64/2; M64/2-283-ROV-3b; Meteor (1986); Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 10-15°N; Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 15°N; MSM04/3-258-ROV_J2; Remote operated vehicle; ROV
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 12 datasets
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  • 28
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    Age model, raw data and interpolated raw data from proxy records of sediment cores GeoB6007-1 and GeoB6007-2 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Here we present a 1200 yr long benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca based temperature and oxygen isotope record from a ~900 m deep sediment core off northwest Africa to show that atmosphere-ocean interactions in the eastern subpolar gyre are transferred at central water depth into the eastern boundary of the subtropical gyre. Further we link the variability of the NAO (over the past 165 yrs) and solar irradiance (Late Holocene) and their control on subpolar mode water formation to the multidecadal variability observed at mid-depth in the eastern subtropical gyre. Our results show that eastern North Atlantic central waters cooled by up to ~0.8± 0.7 °C and densities decreased by Sigma theta=0.3±0.2 during positive NAO years and during minima in solar irradiance during the Late Holocene. The presented records demonstrate the sensitivity of central water formation to enhanced atmospheric forcing and ice/freshwater fluxes into the eastern subpolar gyre and the importance of central water circulation for cross-gyre climate signal propagation during the Late Holocene.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB6007-1; GeoB6007-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Integrierte Analyse zwischeneiszeitlicher Klimadynamik; INTERDYNAMIK; M45/5a; MARUM; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 29
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    Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V1.4 (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Pfeil, Benjamin; Olsen, Are; Bakker, Dorothee C E; Hankin, Steven; Koyuk, Heather; Kozyr, Alexander; Malczyk, Jeremy; Manke, Ansley; Metzl, Nicolas; Sabine, Christopher L; Akl, John; Alin, Simone R; Bellerby, Richard G J; Borges, Alberto Vieira; Boutin, Jacqueline; Brown, Peter J; Cai, Wei-Jun; Chavez, Francisco P; Chen, Arthur; Cosca, Catherine E; Fassbender, Andrea J; Feely, Richard A; González-Dávila, Melchor; Goyet, Catherine; Hardman-Mountford, Nicolas J; Heinze, Christoph; Hood, E Maria; Hoppema, Mario; Hunt, Christopher W; Hydes, David; Ishii, Masao; Johannessen, Truls; Jones, Steve D; Key, Robert M; Körtzinger, Arne; Landschützer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lenton, Andrew; Lourantou, Anna; Merlivat, Liliane; Midorikawa, Takashi; Mintrop, Ludger J; Miyazaki, Chihiro; Murata, Akihiko; Nakadate, Akira; Nakano, Yoshiyuki; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Omar, Abdirahman M; Padín, Xose Antonio; Park, Geun-Ha; Paterson, Kristina; Pérez, Fiz F; Pierrot, Denis; Poisson, Alain; Ríos, Aida F; Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena; Salisbury, Joe; Sarma, Vedula V S S; Schlitzer, Reiner; Schneider, Bernd; Schuster, Ute; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Steinhoff, Tobias; Suzuki, Toru; Takahashi, Taro; Tedesco, Kathy; Telszewski, Maciej; Thomas, Helmuth; Tilbrook, Bronte; Tjiputra, Jerry; Vandemark, Doug; Veness, Tony; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew J; Weiss, Ray F; Wong, Chi Shing; Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki (2013): A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data, 5(1), 125-143, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-125-2013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968-2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities.
    Keywords: 0306SFC_PRT; 061ASFC_PRT; 06AQ19860627-track; 06AQ19860928-track; 06AQ19911114-track; 06AQ19911210-track; 06AQ19921005-track; 06AQ19930128-track; 06AQ19930228-track; 06AQ19931019-track; 06AQ19940524-track; 06AQ19951206-track; 06AQ19960320-track; 06AQ19980411-track; 06AQ19990327-track; 06AQ20001004-track; 06AQ20001026-track; 06BE19961010-track; 06CK20060523-track; 06CK20060715-track; 06CK20060821-track; 06GA19960613-track; 06GA276_3; 06LB19831130-track; 06LB19840107-track; 06LB19840629-track; 06LB19850110-track; 06LB19850313-track; 06LB19850812-track; 06LB19860116-track; 06LB19860323-track; 06LB19860801-track; 06LB19861011-track; 06LB19861214-track; 06LB19870221-track; 06LB19870501-track; 06LB19870721-track; 06LB19870920-track; 06LB19871126-track; 06LB19871231-track; 06LB19880204-track; 06MT18_1; 06MT19910903-track; 06MT19920510-track; 06MT19921229-track; 06MT19941012-track; 06MT19941119-track; 06MT19950714-track; 06MT19960607-track; 06MT19960622-track; 06MT19970106-track; 06MT19970516-track; 06MT19970707-track; 06MT19970814-track; 06MT19981228-track; 06MT20021015-track; 06MT20060714; 06MT20060714-track; 06MT22_5; 06MT30_2; 06MT30_3; 06MT37_2; 06MT39_4; 06MT39_5; 06P119910616-track; 06P119950901-track; 06PO20050321; 06PO20050322-track; 07AL19951011-track; 07AL19960218-track; 07AL19970503-track; 07AL19990718-track; 07AL19991101-track; 07AL19991129-track; 07AL20000113-track; 07AL20000210-track; 07AL20000305-track; 07AL20010513-track; 07AL20010607-track; 07AL20010709-track; 07AL20010802-track; 09AR0103; 09AR19910926-track; 09AR19921019-track; 09AR19930105-track; 09AR19930311-track; 09AR19930807-track; 09AR19931119-track; 09AR19940101-track; 09AR19940831-track; 09AR19941213-track; 09AR19950717-track; 09AR19950916-track; 09AR19960119-track; 09AR19960822-track; 09AR19970910-track; 09AR19971114-track; 09AR19980228-track; 09AR19980404-track; 09AR19980715-track; 09AR19990716-track; 09AR20011031-track; 09AR9401; 09AR9404; 09AR9407; 09AR9501; 09AR9502; 09AR9601; 09AR9604; 09AR9701; 09AR9703; 09AR9707; 09AR9801; 09AR9806; 09AR9901; 09FA20000927-track; 09SS19951116-track; 09SS19990205-track; 11BE19940413-track; 11BE19950303-track; 11BE19950912-track; 11BE19970513-track; 11BE19970527-track; 11BE19970609-track; 11BE19970618-track; 11BE19970621; 11BE19970621-track; 11BE19970702-track; 11BE19980107-track; 11BE19980614-track; 11BE19980625-track; 11BE19980710-track; 11BE19990830-track; 11BE19990904-track; 11BE19990914-track; 11BE19990918-track; 11BE20010502-track; 11BE20010514-track; 11BE20010522-track; 11BE20020422-track; 11BE20020511-track; 11BE20020528-track; 11BE20021104-track; 11BE20030331-track; 11BE20030901; 11BE20030901-track; 11BE20031027; 11BE20031027-track; 11BE20031208; 11BE20031208-track; 11BE20040223; 11BE20040223-track; 11BE20040329; 11BE20040329-track; 11BE20040524; 11BE20040524-track; 11BE20040601-track; 11BE20041004; 11BE20041004-track; 11BE20060425; 11BE20060425-track; 11BE20060529-track; 11BE20070507-track; 18QA19730812-track; 18QA19731028-track; 18QA19760111-track; 18QA19760619-track; 18QA19760911-track; 18QA19761204-track; 18VC19740105-track; 18VC19740216-track; 18VC19741113-track; 18VC19750622-track; 18VC19750913-track; 1995-10-BS; 1996-02-BS; 1997-05-BS; 1999-07-BS; 1999-11-BS; 1999-12-BS; 2000-01-BS; 2000-02-BS; 2000-03-BS; 2001-05-BS; 2001-06-BS; 2001-07-BS; 2001-08-BS; 2003-06-BS; 2003-07-BS; 2003-08-BS; 2003-09-BS; 2003-10-BS; 2004-02-BS; 2004-03-BS; 2004-04-BS; 2004-05-BS; 2004-06-BS; 2004-07-BS; 2004-08-BS; 2004-09-BS; 2004-10-BS; 2005-01-BS; 2005-02-BS; 2005-03-BS; 2005-04-BS; 2005-05-BS; 2005-06-BS; 2005-07-BS; 2005-08-BS; 2005-09-BS; 2005-10-BS; 2005-11-BS; 2005-12-BS; 2006-03-BS; 2006-04-BS; 2006-05-BS; 2006-06-BS; 2006-07-BS; 2006-08-BS; 2006-09-BS; 20070110_TC2; 20070117_TC2; 20070123_TC2; 20070130_TC2; 20070207_TC2; 20070219_TC2; 20070227_TC2; 20070305_TC2; 20070320_TC2; 20070327_TC2; 20070402_TC2; 20070409_TC2; 20070416_TC2; 20070423_TC2; 20070430_TC2; 20070508_TC2; 20070515_TC2; 20070521_TC2; 20070529_TC2; 20070604_TC2; 20070613_TC2; 20070620_TC2; 20070627_TC2; 20070703_TC2; 20070709_TC2; 20070716_TC2; 20070723_TC2; 20070730_TC2; 2007-07-BS; 20070806_TC2; 20070815_TC2; 20070820_TC2; 20070827_TC2; 2007-08-BS; 20070903_TC2; 20070910_TC2; 20070917_TC2; 20071001_TC2; 20071008_TC2; 20071010_TC2; 20071015_TC2; 20071023_TC2; 20071105_TC2; 20071115_TC2; 20071120_TC2; 20071128_TC2; 20071204_TC2; 20071211_TC2; 20071218_TC2; 20071225_TC2; 24N98L1; 24N98L2; 26GC20010421-track; 26GC20010831-track; 26NA20050107; 26NA20050107-track; 26NA20050115; 26NA20050115-track; 26NA20050130; 26NA20050130-track; 26NA20050207; 26NA20050207-track; 26NA20050317; 26NA20050317-track; 26NA20050321; 26NA20050321-track; 26NA20050402; 26NA20050402-track; 26NA20050420; 26NA20050420-track; 26NA20050502; 26NA20050502-track; 26NA20050511; 26NA20050511-track; 26NA20050523; 26NA20050523-track; 26NA20050531; 26NA20050531-track; 26NA20050614; 26NA20050614-track; 26NA20050624; 26NA20050624-track; 26NA20050714; 26NA20050714-track; 26NA20050720; 26NA20050720-track; 26NA20050730; 26NA20050730-track; 26NA20050805; 26NA20050805-track; 26NA20050815; 26NA20050815-track; 26NA20050824; 26NA20050824-track; 26NA20050914; 26NA20050914-track; 26NA20050927; 26NA20050927-track; 26NA20051005; 26NA20051005-track; 26NA20051018; 26NA20051018-track; 26NA20051026; 26NA20051026-track; 26NA20051110; 26NA20051110-track; 26NA20051117; 26NA20051117-track; 26NA20051130; 26NA20051130-track; 26NA20060518; 26NA20060518-track; 26NA20060527; 26NA20060527-track; 26NA20060607; 26NA20060607-track; 26NA20060617; 26NA20060617-track; 26NA20060628; 26NA20060628-track; 26NA20060708; 26NA20060708-track; 26NA20060719; 26NA20060719-track; 26NA20060728; 26NA20060728-track; 26NA20060809; 26NA20060809-track; 26NA20060818; 26NA20060818-track; 26NA20060830; 26NA20060830-track; 26NA20060908; 26NA20060908-track; 26NA20060920; 26NA20060920-track; 26NA20061011; 26NA20061011-track; 26NA20061021; 26NA20061021-track; 26NA20061128; 26NA20061128-track; 26NA20061202; 26NA20061202-track; 26NA20061214; 26NA20061214-track; 26NA20061225; 26NA20061225-track; 26NA20070103; 26NA20070103-track; 26NA20070112; 26NA20070112-track; 26NA20070125; 26NA20070125-track; 26NA20070205; 26NA20070205-track; 26NA20070216; 26NA20070216-track; 26NA20070323; 26NA20070323-track; 26NA20070329; 26NA20070329-track; 26NA20070410; 26NA20070410-track; 26NA20070418; 26NA20070418-track; 26NA20070427; 26NA20070427-track; 26NA20070509; 26NA20070509-track; 26NA20070518; 26NA20070518-track; 26NA20070530; 26NA20070530-track; 26NA20070610; 26NA20070610-track; 26NA20070622; 26NA20070622-track; 26NA20070701; 26NA20070701-track; 26NA20070712; 26NA20070712-track; 26NA20070721; 26NA20070721-track; 26NA20070802; 26NA20070802-track; 26NA20070811; 26NA20070811-track; 26NA20070901; 26NA20070901-track; 26NA20070912; 26NA20070912-track; 26NA20070923; 26NA20070923-track; 26NA20071003; 26NA20071003-track; 26NA20071014; 26NA20071014-track; 26NA20071024; 26NA20071024-track; 26NA20071103; 26NA20071103-track; 26NA20071114; 26NA20071114-track; 26NA20071124; 26NA20071124-track; 29HE050; 29HE19980729-track; 29HE20001028; 29HE20001028-track; 29HE20010306; 29HE20010306-track; 29HE20011027; 29HE20011027-track; 29HE20020305; 29HE20020305-track; 29HE20021028; 29HE20021028-track; 29HE20030409; 29HE20030409-track; 29HE20041021; 29HE20041021-track; 316N0154; 316N19810401-track; 316N19810416-track; 316N19810516-track; 316N19810619-track; 316N19810721-track; 316N19810821-track; 316N19810923-track; 316N19821202-track; 316N19821230-track; 316N19830130-track; 316N19831007-track; 316N19840111-track; 316N19871030-track; 316N19871123-track; 316N19871218-track; 316N19880128-track; 316N19940404-track; 316N19941201-track; 316N19950124-track; 316N19950310-track; 316N19950423-track; 316N19950611-track; 316N19950715-track; 316N19950829-track; 316N19951111-track; 316N19951205-track; 316N19961102-track; 316N19971005-track; 318M19780921-track; 318M19780928-track; 318M19790210-track; 318M19790308-track;
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 1851 datasets
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  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Radium in Arctic surface water (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M; Cai, Pinghe; Stimac, Ingrid; Bauch, Dorothea; Hanfland, Claudia; Roeske, Tobias; Moran, S Bradley (2012): Shelf-basin exchange times of Arctic surface waters estimated from 228Th/228Ra disequilibrium. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 177, C03024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007478
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The transpolar drift is strongly enriched in 228Ra accumulated on the wide Arctic shelves with subsequent rapid offshore transport. We present new data of Polarstern expeditions to the central Arctic and to the Kara and Laptev seas. Because 226Ra activities in Pacific waters are 30% higher than in Atlantic waters, we correct 226Ra for the Pacific admixture when normalizing 228Ra with 226Ra. The use of 228Ra decay as age marker critically depends on the constancy in space and time of the source activity, a condition that has not yet adequately been tested. While 228Ra decays during transit over the central basin, ingrowth of 228Th could provide an alternative age marker. The high 228Th/228Ra activity ratio (AR = 0.8-1.0) in the central basins is incompatible with a mixing model based on horizontal eddy diffusion. An advective model predicts that 228Th grows to an equilibrium AR, the value of which depends on the scavenging regime. The low AR over the Lomonosov Ridge (AR = 0.5) can be due to either rapid transport (minimum age without scavenging 1.1 year) or enhanced scavenging. Suspended particulate matter load (derived from beam transmission and particulate 234Th) and total 234Th depletion data show that scavenging, although extremely low in the central Arctic, is enhanced over the Lomonosov Ridge, making an age of 3 years more likely. The combined data of 228Ra decay and 228Th ingrowth confirm the existence of a recirculating gyre in the surface water of the eastern Eurasian Basin with a river water residence time of at least 3 years.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XI/1; ARK-XXII/2; AWI_MarGeoChem; Barents Sea; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; East Siberian Sea; Expendable CTD; In situ pump; ISP; Kara Sea; Laptev Sea; Marine Geochemistry @ AWI; Polarstern; PS36; PS36/002-1; PS36/003-1; PS36/004-1; PS36/006-1; PS36/007-2; PS36/009-1; PS36/010-1; PS36/012-1; PS36/016-1; PS36/018-1; PS36/019-2; PS36/021-1; PS36/023-2; PS36/024A-2; PS36/025-2; PS36/029-2; PS36/031-3; PS36/033-2; PS36/040-2; PS36/042-2; PS36/044-2; PS36/045-2; PS36/047-2; PS36/049-2; PS36/051-1; PS36/052-1; PS36/056-2; PS36/060-1; PS36/062-1; PS36/065-1; PS36/071-1; PS36/073-1; PS36/080-2; PS36/084-1; PS36/089-2; PS36/091-2; PS36/094-1; PS70/237-4; PS70/239-2; PS70/257-6; PS70/261-3; PS70/263-3; PS70/264-6; PS70/266-3; PS70/268-6; PS70/271-6; PS70/272-2; PS70/274-5; PS70/276-4; PS70/277-4; PS70/279-4; PS70/284-2; PS70/285-9; PS70/290-5; PS70/294-6; PS70/299-3; PS70/301-4; PS70/303-2; PS70/309-6; PS70/312-6; PS70/322-5; PS70/326-4; PS70/328-14; PS70/333-6; PS70/335-2; PS70/338-4; PS70/342-12; PS70/346-2; PS70/349-3; PS70/352-7; PS70/358-2; PS70/363-9; PS70/371-7; PS70/377-3; PS70/382-2; PS70/385-7; PS70/389-4; PS70/400-3; PS70/407-3; PS70/409-2; PS70/411-4; PS70/XCTD58-1; PS70 SPACE DAMOCLES; XCTD
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 31
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    Unknown
    Age determinations, biomarker analyses, and accumulation rates of three sediment cores from the Fram Strait (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Müller, Juliane; Werner, Kirstin; Stein, Ruediger; Fahl, Kirsten; Moros, Matthias; Jansen, Eystein (2012): Holocene cooling culminates in sea ice oscillations in Fram Strait. Quaternary Science Reviews, 47, 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.024
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: A reconstruction of Holocene sea ice conditions in the Fram Strait provides insight into the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoceanographic development of this climate sensitive area during the past 8,500 years BP. Organic geochemical analyses of sediment cores from eastern and western Fram Strait enable the identification of variations in the ice coverage that can be linked to changes in the oceanic (and atmospheric) circulation system. By means of the sea ice proxy IP25, phytoplankton derived biomarkers and ice rafted detritus (IRD) increasing sea ice occurrences are traced along the western continental margin of Spitsbergen throughout the Holocene, which supports previous palaeoenvironmental reconstructions that document a general cooling. A further significant ice advance during the Neoglacial is accompanied by distinct sea ice fluctuations, which point to short-term perturbations in either the Atlantic Water advection or Arctic Water outflow at this site. At the continental shelf of East Greenland, the general Holocene cooling, however, seems to be less pronounced and sea ice conditions remained rather stable. Here, a major Neoglacial increase in sea ice coverage did not occur before 1,000 years BP. Phytoplankton-IP25 indices ("PIP25-Index") are used for more explicit sea ice estimates and display a Mid Holocene shift from a minor sea ice coverage to stable ice margin conditions in eastern Fram Strait, while the inner East Greenland shelf experienced less severe to marginal sea ice occurrences throughout the entire Holocene.
    Keywords: ARK-X/2; AWI_Paleo; East Greenland Sea; Fram Strait; Gravity corer (Kiel type); KAL; Kasten corer; Maria S. Merian; MSM05/5; MSM05/5_712-2; MSM05/5_723-2; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Polarstern; PS2641-4; PS31; PS31/154; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 32
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    Unknown
    Grain-size distribution, sedimentation rate and x-ray fluorescence data of four sediment cores off the Senegal River estuary (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Nizou, Jean; Hanebuth, Till J J; Heslop, David; Schwenk, Tilmann; Palamenghi, Luisa; Stuut, Jan-Berend W; Henrich, Rüdiger (2010): The Senegal River mud belt: A high-resolution archive of paleoclimatic change and coastal evolution. Marine Geology, 278(1-4), 150-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Fine-grained sediment depocenters on continental shelves are of increased scientific interest since they record environmental changes sensitively. A north-south elongated mud depocenter extends along the Senegalese coast in mid-shelf position. Shallow-acoustic profiling was carried out to determine extent, geometry and internal structures of this sedimentary body. In addition, four sediment cores were retrieved with the main aim to identify how paleoclimatic signals and coastal changes have controlled the formation of this mud depocenter. A general paleoclimatic pattern in terms of fluvial input appears to be recorded in this depositional archive. Intervals characterized by high terrigenous input, high sedimentation rates and fine grain sizes occur roughly contemporaneously in all cores and are interpreted as corresponding to intensified river discharge related to more humid conditions in the hinterland. From 2750 to 1900 and from 1000 to 700 cal a BP, wetter conditions are recorded off Senegal, an observation which is in accordance with other records from NW-Africa. Nevertheless, the three employed proxies (sedimentation rate, grain size and elemental distribution) do not always display consistent inter-core patterns. Major differences between the individual core records are attributed to sediment remobilization which was linked to local hydrographic variations as well as reorganizations of the coastal system. The Senegal mud belt is a layered inhomogeneous sedimentary body deposited on an irregular erosive surface. Early Holocene deceleration in the rate of the sea-level rise could have enabled initial mud deposition on the shelf. These favorable conditions for mud deposition occur coevally with a humid period over NW-Africa, thus, high river discharge. Sedimentation started preferentially in the northern areas of the mud belt. During mid-Holocene, a marine incursion led to the formation of an embayment. Afterwards, sedimentation in the north was interrupted in association with a remarkable southward shift in the location of the active depocenter as it is reflected by the sedimentary architecture and confirmed by radiocarbon dates. These sub-recent shifts in depocenters location are caused by migrations of the Senegal River mouth. During late Holocene times, the weakening of river discharge allowed the longshore currents to build up a chain of beach barriers which have forced the river mouth to shift southwards.
    Keywords: 287; 288; 289; 290; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9502-4; GeoB9503-3; GeoB9503-5; GeoB9504-3; GeoB9504-4; GeoB9505-4; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 13 datasets
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  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solid phase analysis of sediment core GeoB9309-1 from the Zambezi (or Mozambique) deep-sea fan (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: März, Christian; Hoffmann, Jan; Bleil, Ulrich; de Lange, Gert J; Kasten, Sabine (2008): Diagenetic changes of magnetic and geochemical signals by anaerobic methane oxidation in sediments of the Zambesi deep-sea fan (SW Indian Ocean). Marine Geology, 255(3-4), 118-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The Zambezi deep-sea fan, the largest of its kind along the east African continental margin, is poorly studied to date, despite its potential to record marine and terrestrial climate signals in the southwest Indian Ocean. Therefore, gravity core GeoB 9309-1, retrieved from 1219 m water depth, was investigated for various geophysical (magnetic susceptibility, porosity, colour reflectance) and geochemical (pore water and sediment geochemistry, Fe and P speciation) properties. Onboard and onshore data documented a sulphate/methane transition (SMT) zone at ~ 450-530 cm sediment depth, where the simultaneous consumption of pore water sulphate and methane liberates hydrogen sulphide and bi-carbonate into the pore space. This leads to characteristic changes in the sediment and pore water chemistry, as the reduction of primary Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, the precipitation of Fe sulphides, and the mobilization of Fe (oxyhydr)oxide-bound P. These chemical processes also lead to a marked decrease in magnetic susceptibility. Below the SMT, we find a reduction of porosity, possibly due to pore space cementation by authigenic minerals. Formation of the observed geochemical, magnetic and mineralogical patterns requires a fixation of the SMT at this distinct sediment depth for a considerable time--which we calculated to be ~ 10 000 years assuming steady-state conditions--following a period of rapid upward migration towards this interval. We postulate that the worldwide sea-level rise at the last glacial/interglacial transition (~ 10 000 years B.P.) most probably caused the fixation of the SMT at its present position, through drastically reduced sediment delivery to the deep-sea fan. In addition, we report an internal redistribution of P occurring around the SMT, closely linked to the (de)coupling of sedimentary Fe and P, and leaving a characteristic pattern in the solid P record. By phosphate re-adsorption onto Fe (oxyhydr)oxides above, and formation of authigenic P minerals (e.g. vivianite) below the SMT, deep-sea fan deposits may potentially act as long-term sinks for P.
    Keywords: 14; AFRIDEEP; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9309-1; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M63/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Sambesi Fan; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Paleocoenographic investigations on sediment profile GeoB6008 (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: McGregor, Helen V; Dima, Mihai; Fischer, Helmut W; Mulitza, Stefan (2007): Rapid 20th-Century Increase in Coastal Upwelling off Northwest Africa. Science, 315(5812), 637-639, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134839
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Near-shore waters along the northwest African margin are characterized by coastal upwelling and represent one of the world's major upwelling regions. Sea surface temperature (SST) records from Moroccan sediment cores, extending back 2500 years, reveal anomalous and unprecedented cooling during the 20th century, which is consistent with increased upwelling. Upwelling-driven SSTs also vary out of phase with millennial-scale changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (NHTAs) and show relatively warm conditions during the Little Ice Age and relatively cool conditions during the Medieval Warm Period. Together, these results suggest that coastal upwelling varies with NHTAs and that upwelling off northwest Africa may continue to intensify as global warming and atmospheric CO2 levels increase.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB6008-1; GeoB6008-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M45/5a; MARUM; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; PACLIVA; Patterns of Climate Variability in the North Atlantic; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Rock magnetic, element, and color data of three sediment cores along the Senegalese continental margin (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Itambi, Achakie C; von Dobeneck, Tilo; Mulitza, Stefan; Bickert, Torsten; Heslop, David (2009): Millennial-scale northwest African droughts related to Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles: Evidence in marine sediments from offshore Senegal. Paleoceanography, 24, PA1205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001570
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: We present a suite of new high-resolution records (0-135 ka) representing pulses of aeolian, fluvial, and biogenic sedimentation along the Senegalese continental margin. A multiproxy approach based on rock magnetic, element, and color data was applied on three cores enclosing the present-day northern limit of the ITCZ. A strong episodic aeolian contribution driven by stronger winds and dry conditions and characterized by high hematite and goethite input was revealed north of 13°N. These millennial-scale dust fluxes are synchronous with North Atlantic Heinrich stadials. Fluvial clay input driven by the West African monsoon predominates at 12°N and varies at Dansgaard-Oeschger time scales while marine productivity is strongly enhanced during the African humid periods and marine isotope stage 5. From latitudinal signal variations, we deduce that the last glacial ITCZ summer position was located between core positions at 12°26' and 13°40'N. Furthermore, this work also shows that submillennial periods of aridity over northwest Africa occurred more frequently and farther south than previously thought.
    Keywords: 291; 301; 312; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9506-1; GeoB9516-5; GeoB9527-5; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 16 datasets
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  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermomagnetic measurements on sediment cores GeoB1523-1, GeoB2910-1 and Geob4313-2 (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Franke, Christine; Frederichs, Thomas; Dekkers, Mark J (2007): Efficiency of heavy liquid separation to concentrate magnetic particles. Geophysical Journal International, 170(3), 1053-1066, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03489.x
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Low-temperature rock magnetic measurements have distinct diagnostic value. However, in most bulk marine sediments the concentration of ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic minerals is extremely low, so even sensitive instrumentation often responds to the paramagnetic contribution of the silicate matrix in the residual field of the magnetometer. Analysis of magnetic extracts is usually performed to solve the problems raised by low magnetic concentrations. Additionally magnetic extracts can be used for several other analyses, for example electron microscopy or X-ray diffraction. The magnetic extraction technique is generally sufficient for sediments dominated by magnetite. In this study however, we show that high-coercivity components are rather underrepresented in magnetic extracts of sediments with a more complex magnetic mineralogy. We test heavy liquid separation, using hydrophilic sodium polytungstenate solution Na6[H2W12O40], to demonstrate the efficiencies of both concentration techniques. Low-temperature cycling of zero-field-cooled, field-cooled and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization acquired at room temperature was performed on dry bulk sediments, magnetic extracts, and heavy liquid separates of clay-rich pelagic sediments originating from the Equatorial Atlantic. The results of the thermomagnetic measurements clarify that magnetic extraction favours components with high spontaneous magnetization, such as magnetite and titanomagnetite. The heavy liquid separation is unbiased with respect to high- and low-coercive minerals, thus it represents the entire magnetic assemblage.
    Keywords: Amazon Fan; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB1523-1; GeoB2910-1; GeoB4313-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M16/2; M29/3; M38/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Midatlantic Ridge; Sierra Leone Rise; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 9 datasets
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Porewater and solid-phase phosphorus geochemistry in surface sediments of sediment core GeoB9510-3, GeoB9518-4 and GeoB9519-6 (2010)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Despite intensive research on the different domains of the marine phosphorus (P) cycle during the last decades, frequently discussed open questions still exist especially on controlling factors for the benthic behaviour of P and its general distribution in sediment-pore water systems. Steady state or the internal balance of all relevant physical and (bio)geochemical processes are amongst the key issues. In this study we present and discuss an extended data set from surface sediments recovered from three locations on the NW African continental slope. Pore water data and results from sequential sediment extractions give clear evidence to the well-known close relationship between the benthic cycles of P and iron. Accordingly, most of the dissolved phosphate must have been released by microbially catalyzed reductive dissolution of iron (oxhydr)oxides. However, rates of release and association of P and iron, respectively, are not directly represented in profiles of element specific sediment compositions. Results from steady-state based transport-reaction modelling suggest that particle mixing due to active bioturbation, or rather a physical net downward transport of P associated to iron (oxyhydr)oxides, is an essential process for the balance of the inspected benthic cycles. This study emphasizes the importance of balancing analytical data for a comprehensive understanding of all processes involved in biogeochemical cycles.
    Keywords: 295; 303; 304; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9510-3; GeoB9518-4; GeoB9519-6; M65/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 8 datasets
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  • 38
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    Oceanographic investiations from the Sea of Ochotsk (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kaiser, André (2001): Ozeanographie, Produktivität und Meereisverbreitung im Ochotskischen Meer während der letzten ca. 350 ka. PhD Thesis, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany, 114 pp, urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-5823
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, which is characterized by strong variations in the productivity and sediment supply due to sea ice transport and river input. Furthermore the variations in the hydrological cycle determine the formation of the SOIW (Sea of Okhotsk Intermediate Water) which plays an important role in the ventilation processes in the intermediate water of the N-Pacific. Isotope data measured on planktonic and benthic foraminifera, sedimentological and geochemical studies of sediment cores and surface samples from the Sea of Okhotsk are used to reconstruct the paleoceanography during the past 350.000 years. The dating and correlation of the sediments are based on oxygen isotope stratigraphy, absolute ages, magnetic susceptibility as well as a detailled tephrachronology of the entire basin. The sedimentation rates are characterized by temporal and spatial variations. The maximum sedimentation rate takes place at the continental slope off Sakhalin due to the input of the Amur River, the sea ice drift and the high productivity. The sedimentation rate in the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk is generelly high because of the influence of the nutrient-rich Kamchatka Current. In the central and northern parts of the Sea of Okhotsk, areas with low productivity and reduced terrestrial supply, the sedimentation rate is the lowest. The analyses of the surface sediment samples make it possible to characterize the (sub)- recent sediment supply and transportation processes. The bulk sediment measurements, isotope data and the accumulation rate of ice-rafted debris (IRD) show a dominant sea ice cover and a region with a high productivity as well as a high Amur River input in the western part of the sea. The eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, however, is marked by the predominance of warm and nutrient-rich water masses coming from the Kamchatka Current which restricts the sea ice cover. This is reflected in low content of ice-rafted debris and high productivity proxies as well as in isotope data. The deposits of the Sea of Okhotsk are characterized by terrestrial, biogenic and volcanogenic sediment input which varies temporally and spatially. Here, the sedimentation pattern is dominated by the terrestrial input. Bulk sediment measurements and sample analyses of the 〉 63 micron particle input make it possible to distinguish glacial and interglacial fluctuations. The sedimentation processes during glacial times are determined by a high content of ice-rafted debris, whereas the primary production is higher during interglacial periods. During the last glacial/interglacial cycle the IRD-distribution pattern indicates a strong sea ice transport in the western part and in large areas of the open sea in the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk with a relatively constant ice-drift system. The IRD flux in sediments of the oxygen isotope Stage 6 reflects a new sedimentation pattern in the eastern part of the sea. This high IRD accumulation rate indicates ice advances beyond the shelf margin and an iceberg transport from NE-E direction into the Sea of Okhotsk. The several large, brief, negative anomalies in d13C values of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s) show releases of methane from basin sediments which correspond to periods of relative sea level falls. The high sedimentation rates on the Sakhalin slope allow insights into the climatic history in Holocene and indicate shorter-scale variations oscillation in Stage 3, which correlate with the global climatic changes. These variations are described as Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in Greenland ice cores and as Heinrich-Events in several marine sediment cores from the N-Atlantic.
    Keywords: 2182; 2185; Akademik A Nesmeyanov; Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev; GC; GC_POI; Gravity corer; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Gravity corer (POI); KAL; Kasten corer; KOMEX; KOMEX I; Kurile-Okhotsk Sea Marine Experiment; LV27/GREGORY; LV27-10-1; LV27-10-5; LV27-12-2; LV27-12-3; LV27-15-1; LV27-4-2; LV27-4-3; LV27-5-4; LV27-5-5; LV27-7-2; LV27-7-3; LV27-8-2; LV27-8-3; LV27-9-4; LV28; LV28-2-2; LV28-2-3; LV28-34-1; LV28-34-2; LV28-40-3; LV28-40-4; LV28-41-3; LV28-41-4; LV28-42-3; LV28-42-4; LV28-4-3; LV28-4-4; LV28-44-2; LV28-44-3; MUC; MultiCorer; OK92; OK92_2182; OK92_2185; Sea of Okhotsk; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 120 datasets
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  • 39
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    Physical oceanography, sea-bed photographs and videos of benthos from the Weddell Sea taken with remote operated vehicle CHEROKEE during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/8 (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Gutt, Julian; Barratt, Iain; Domack, Eugene W; d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cédric; Dimmler, Werner; Grémare, Antoine; Heilmayer, Olaf; Isla, Enrique; Janussen, Dorte; Jorgensen, Elaina; Kock, Karl-Hermann; Lehnert, Linn Sophia; López-González, Pablo José; Langner, Stephanie; Linse, Katrin; Manjón-Cabeza, Maria Eugenia; Meißner, Meike; Montiel, Américo; Raes, Maarten; Robert, Henri; Rose, Armin; Schepisi, Elisabet Sañé; Saucède, Thomas; Scheidat, Meike; Schenke, Hans Werner; Seiler, Jan; Smith, Craig (2011): Biodiversity change after climate-induced ice-shelf collapse in the Antarctic. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58(1-2), 74-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.024
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The marine ecosystem on the eastern shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula was surveyed 5 and 12 years after the climate-induced collapse of the Larsen A and B ice shelves. An impoverished benthic fauna was discovered, that included deep-sea species presumed to be remnants from ice-covered conditions. The current structure of various ecosystem components appears to result from extremely different response rates to the change from an oligotrophic sub-ice-shelf ecosystem to a productive shelf ecosystem. Meiobenthic communities remained impoverished only inside the embayments. On local scales, macro- and mega-epibenthic diversity was generally low, with pioneer species and typical Antarctic megabenthic shelf species interspersed. Antarctic Minke whales and seals utilised the Larsen A/B area to feed on presumably newly established krill and pelagic fish biomass. Ecosystem impacts also extended well beyond the zone of ice-shelf collapse, with areas of high benthic disturbance resulting from scour by icebergs discharged from the Larsen embayments.
    Keywords: Agassiz Trawl; AGT; ANT-XXIII/8; Bottom trawl; BT; CAML; Census of Antarctic Marine Life; CT; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Drake Passage; Dundee Island; EBA; Evolution and Biodiversity in the Antarctic; Polarstern; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS69; PS69/602-1; PS69/603-1; PS69/605-2; PS69/609-2; PS69/614-2; PS69/619-2; PS69/622-2; PS69/624-2; PS69/629-2; PS69/631-2; PS69/634-2; PS69/638-2; PS69/643-2; PS69/648-2; PS69/651-2; PS69/654-2; PS69/656-2; PS69/659-2; PS69/661-1; PS69/664-2; PS69/667-2; PS69/671-2; PS69/674-2; PS69/675-1; PS69/680-2; PS69/682-2; PS69/686-2; PS69/689-2; PS69/691-2; PS69/693-2; PS69/695-2; PS69/697-2; PS69/699-1; PS69/699-2; PS69/700-2; PS69/700-4; PS69/700-5; PS69/702-1; PS69/702-5; PS69/702-9; PS69/703-1; PS69/703-2; PS69/703-3; PS69/703-5; PS69/706-1; PS69/706-2; PS69/709-1; PS69/709-2; PS69/710-1; PS69/710-5; PS69/710-6; PS69/711-7; PS69/714-1; PS69/714-2; PS69/715-1; PS69/716-1; PS69/717-1; PS69/718-8; PS69/719-1; PS69/720-2; PS69/721-2; PS69/722-1; PS69/722-4; PS69/722-5; PS69/724-1; PS69/725-1; PS69/725-3; PS69/725-6; PS69/726-2; PS69/726-3; PS69/726-4; PS69/726-5; PS69/727-1; PS69/728-1; PS69/728-2; PS69/728-3; PS69/8-track; Remote operated vehicle CHEROKEE; Remote operated vehicle SPRINT 103; ROVC; ROVS; Scotia Sea, southwest Atlantic; Snow Hill Island; South Atlantic Ocean; SPP1158; Underway cruise track measurements; Weddell Sea; Weddell Sea, Larsen-A; Weddell Sea, Larsen-B
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 38 datasets
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  • 40
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    Chemistry and grain-size distribution of terrigenous sediments deposited at Site GeoB9501 (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Mulitza, Stefan; Heslop, David; Pittauerova, Daniela; Fischer, Helmut W; Meyer, Inka; Stuut, Jan-Berend W; Zabel, Matthias; Mollenhauer, Gesine; Collins, James A; Kuhnert, Henning; Schulz, Michael (2010): Increase in African dust flux at the onset of commercial agriculture in the Sahel region. Nature, 466, 226-228, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09213
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The Sahara Desert is the largest source of mineral dust in the world. Emissions of African dust increased sharply in the early 1970s, a change that has been attributed mainly to drought in the Sahara/Sahel region caused by changes in the global distribution of sea surface temperature. The human contribution to land degradation and dust mobilization in this region remains poorly understood, owing to the paucity of data that would allow the identification of long-term trends in desertification. Direct measurements of airborne African dust concentrations only became available in the mid-1960s from a station on Barbados and subsequently from satellite imagery since the late 1970s: they do not cover the onset of commercial agriculture in the Sahel region ~170 years ago. Here we construct a 3,200-year record of dust deposition off northwest Africa by investigating the chemistry and grain-size distribution of terrigenous sediments deposited at a marine site located directly under the West African dust plume. With the help of our dust record and a proxy record for West African precipitation we find that, on the century scale, dust deposition is related to precipitation in tropical West Africa until the seventeenth century. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, a sharp increase in dust deposition parallels the advent of commercial agriculture in the Sahel region. Our findings suggest that human-induced dust emissions from the Sahel region have contributed to the atmospheric dust load for about 200 years.
    Keywords: 286; GeoB; GeoB9501-4; GeoB9501-5; Geosciences, University of Bremen; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65/1; Mauritania Canyon; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 15 datasets
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  • 41
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    Pollen analyses of sediment core GeoB9508-5 (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bouimetarhan, Ilham; Prange, Matthias; Schefuß, Enno; Dupont, Lydie M; Lippold, Jörg; Mulitza, Stefan; Zonneveld, Karin A F (2012): Sahel megadrought during Heinrich Stadial 1: evidence for a three-phase evolution of the low- and mid-level West African wind system. Quaternary Science Reviews, 58, 66-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.015
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Millennial-scale dry events in the Northern Hemisphere monsoon regions during the last Glacial period are commonly attributed to southward shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) associated with an intensification of the northeasterly (NE) trade wind system during intervals of reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Through the use of high-resolution last deglaciation pollen records from the continental slope off Senegal, our data show that one of the longest and most extreme droughts in the western Sahel history, which occurred during the North Atlantic Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), displayed a succession of three major phases. These phases progressed from an interval of maximum pollen representation of Saharan elements between ~19 and 17.4 kyr BP indicating the onset of aridity and intensified NE trade winds, followed by a millennial interlude of reduced input of Saharan pollen and increased input of Sahelian pollen, to a final phase between ~16.2 and 15 kyr BP that was characterized by a second maximum of Saharan pollen abundances. This change in the pollen assemblage indicates a mid-HS1 interlude of NE trade wind relaxation, occurring between two distinct trade wind maxima, along with an intensified mid-tropospheric African Easterly Jet (AEJ) indicating a substantial change in West African atmospheric processes. The pollen data thus suggest that although the NE trades have weakened, the Sahel drought remained severe during this time interval. Therefore, a simple strengthening of trade winds and a southward shift of the West African monsoon trough alone cannot fully explain millennial-scale Sahel droughts during periods of AMOC weakening. Instead, we suggest that an intensification of the AEJ is needed to explain the persistence of the drought during HS1. Simulations with the Community Climate System Model indicate that an intensified AEJ during periods of reduced AMOC affected the North African climate by enhancing moisture divergence over the West African realm, thereby extending the Sahel drought for about 4000 years.
    Keywords: 293; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB9508-5; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65/1; MARUM; Meteor (1986); SL
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    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 42
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    Paleotemperature reconstructions on sediment core GIK161603-3 (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Wang, Yiming V; Leduc, Guillaume; Regenberg, Marcus; Andersen, Nils; Larsen, Thomas; Blanz, Thomas; Schneider, Ralph R (2013): Northern and southern hemisphere controls on seasonal sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean during the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography, 28(4), 619-632, https://doi.org/10.1002/palo.20053
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Different proxies for sea surface temperature (SST) often exhibit divergent trends for deglacial warming in tropical regions, hampering our understanding of the phase relationship between tropical SSTs and continental ice volume at glacial terminations. To reconcile divergent SST trends, we report reconstructions of two commonly used paleothermometers (the foraminifera G. ruber Mg/Ca and the alkenone unsaturation index) from a marine sediment core collected in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean encompassing the last 37,000 years. Our results show that SSTs derived from the alkenone unsaturation index (UK'37) are consistently warmer than those derived from Mg/Ca by ~2-3°C except for the Heinrich Event 1. In addition, the initial timing for the deglacial warming of alkenone SST started at ~15.6 ka, which lags behind that of Mg/Ca temperatures by 2.5 kyr. We argue that the discrepancy between the two SST proxies reflects seasonal differences between summer and winter rather than post-depositional processes or sedimentary biases. The UK'37 SST record clearly mimics the deglacial SST trend recorded in the North Atlantic region for the earlier part of the termination, indicating the early deglacial warming trend attributed to local summer temperatures was likely mediated by changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at the onset of the deglaciation, In contrast, the glacial to interglacial SST pattern recorded by G. ruber Mg/Ca probably reflects cold season SSTs. This indicates that the cold season SSTs was likely mediated by climate changes in the southern hemisphere, as it closely tracks the Antarctic timing of deglaciation. Therefore our study reveals that the tropical southwestern Indian Ocean seasonal SST was closely linked to climate changes occurring in both hemispheres. The austral summer and winter recorded by each proxy is further supported with seasonal SST trends modeled by AOGCMs for our core site. Our interpretation that the alkenone and Mg/Ca SSTs are seasonally biased may also explain similar proxy mismatches observed in other tropical regions at the onset of the last termination.
    Keywords: GIK/IfG; GIK16160-3; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Institute for Geosciences, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel; M75/3; M75/3_137-3; Meteor (1986); Sambesi Fan; SL
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    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 43
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    Hydrogen consumption in vent files of the equatorial Atlantic (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Petersen, Jillian M; Zielinski, Frank U; Pape, Thomas; Seifert, Richard; Moraru, Cristina; Amann, Rudolf; Hourdez, Stéphane; Girguis, Peter R; Wankel, Scott D; Barbe, Valerie; Pelletier, Eric; Fink, Dennis; Borowski, Christian; Bach, Wolfgang; Dubilier, Nicole (2011): Hydrogen is an energy source for hydrothermal vent symbioses. Nature, 476, 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10325
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents in 1977 revolutionized our understanding of the energy sources that fuel primary productivity on Earth. Hydrothermal vent ecosystems are dominated by animals that live in symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria. So far, only two energy sources have been shown to power chemosynthetic symbioses: reduced sulphur compounds and methane. Using metagenome sequencing, single-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, shipboard incubations and in situ mass spectrometry, we show here that the symbionts of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge use hydrogen to power primary production. In addition, we show that the symbionts of Bathymodiolus mussels from Pacific vents have hupL, the key gene for hydrogen oxidation. Furthermore, the symbionts of other vent animals such as the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila and the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata also have hupL. We propose that the ability to use hydrogen as an energy source is widespread in hydrothermal vent symbioses, particularly at sites where hydrogen is abundant.
    Keywords: DERIDGE; From Mantle to Ocean: Energy-, Material- and Life-cycles at Spreading Axes; HYDROMAR2; M64/2; M64/2-244-ROV; M64/2-263-ROV; M64/2-266-ROV; M64/2-281-ROV; M68/1; M68/1-20-ROV; M68/1-24-ROV; M68/1-39-ROV; M68/1-70-ROV; MARSUED3; Meteor (1986); Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 10-15°N; Remote operated vehicle; ROV
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 44
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    High resolution isotope and Mg/Ca record of sediment core GeoB12615-4 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Romahn, Sarah; Mackensen, Andreas; Groeneveld, Jeroen; Pätzold, Jürgen (2014): Deglacial intermediate water reorganization: new evidence from the Indian Ocean. Climate of the Past, 10(1), 293-303, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-293-2014
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The importance of intermediate water masses in climate change and ocean circulation has been emphasized recently. In particular, Southern Ocean Intermediate Waters (SOIW), such as Antarctic Intermediate Water and Subantarctic Mode Water, are thought to have acted as active interhemispheric transmitter of climate anomalies. Here we reconstruct changes in SOIW signature and spatial and temporal evolution based on a 40 kyr time series of oxygen and carbon isotopes as well as planktic Mg/Ca based thermometry from Site GeoB12615-4 in the western Indian Ocean. Our data suggest that SOIW transmitted Antarctic temperature trends to the equatorial Indian Ocean via the "oceanic tunnel" mechanism. Moreover, our results reveal that deglacial SOIW carried a signature of aged Southern Ocean deep water. We find no evidence of increased formation of intermediate waters during the deglaciation.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; GeoB12615-4; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M75/2; M75/2_103-4; Meteor (1986); Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Rufiji River - Latham Island; SL
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 45
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    Seasonal changes in sediment core PS1795-2 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sprenk, Daniela; Weber, Michael E; Kuhn, Gerhard; Wennrich, Volker; Hartmann, Thomas; Seelos, Klemens (2014): Seasonal changes in glacial polynya activity inferred from Weddell Sea varves. Climate of the Past, 10(3), 1239-1251, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1239-2014
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The Weddell Sea and the associated Filchner-Rønne Ice Shelf constitute key regions for global bottomwater production today. However, little is known about bottom-water production under different climate and icesheet conditions. Therefore, we studied core PS1795, which consists primarily of fine-grained siliciclastic varves that were deposited on contourite ridges in the southeastern Weddell Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We conducted high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and grain-size measurements with the RADIUS tool (Seelos and Sirocko, 2005, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00715.x) using thin sections to characterize the two seasonal components of the varves at sub-mm resolution to distinguish the seasonal components of the varves. Bright layers contain coarser grains that can mainly be identified as quartz in the medium-to-coarse silt grain size. They also contain higher amounts of Si, Zr, Ca, and Sr, as well as more ice-rafted debris (IRD). Dark layers, on the other hand, contain finer particles such as mica and clay minerals from the chlorite and illite groups. In addition, Fe, Ti, Rb, and K are elevated. Based on these findings as well as on previous analyses on neighbouring cores, we propose a model of enhanced thermohaline convection in front of a grounded ice sheet that is supported by seasonally variable coastal polynya activity during the LGM. Accordingly, katabatic (i.e. offshore blowing) winds removed sea ice from the ice edge, leading to coastal polynya formation. We suggest that glacial processes were similar to today with stronger katabatic winds and enhanced coastal polynya activity during the winter season. Under these conditions, lighter coarser-grained layers are likely glacial winter deposits, when brine rejection was increased, leading to enhanced bottom-water formation and increased sediment transport. Vice versa, darker finer-grained layers were then deposited during less windier season, mainly during summer, when coastal polynya activity was likely reduced.
    Keywords: ANT-VIII/5; AWI_Paleo; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Lyddan Island; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Polarstern; PS16; PS16/425; PS1795-2; SL
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    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 46
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    Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes and sediment geochemistry of sediment core GeoB12616-4 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Romahn, Sarah; Mackensen, Andreas; Pätzold, Jürgen; Kuhlmann, Holger (in prep.): Indian Ocean Deep Water Variability of the past 600 kyr.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: The Indian Ocean is an important component of the global thermohaline circulation system, as its western boundary currents feed the Agulhas Current, an integral part of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, Indian Ocean intermediate to deep-water variability on glacial-interglacial timescales is still a matter of debate. Here we provide stable carbon and oxygen isotopes and sediment elemental compositions of a sediment core from the edge of the Somali Basin. We demonstrate that throughout the past 600 kyr the intermediate western Indian Ocean was primarily bathed by Southern Ocean sourced Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW). This Southern Ocean sourced water mass enters the Somali Basin via the Amirante Passage or the Mozambique Channel and represents a downstream equivalent of South Atlantic UCDW. We cannot clearly account for the shortterm passage of Red Sea Water (RSW) at 1500 m water depth along the African continental margin, as previously suggested, on glacial-interglacial timescales.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; GeoB12616-4; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M75/2; M75/2_104-4; Meteor (1986); Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Rufiji River - Latham Island; SL
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 47
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    Isotope ratios, IRD and planktonic foraminifera content during marine isotope stage 5 of sediment cores MD99-2303, MD99-2304 and MD95-2010 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Risebrobakken, Bjørg; Dokken, Trond; Jansen, Eystein (2005): Extent and variability of the Meridional Atlantic Circulation in the Eastern Nordic Seas during Marine Isotope Stage 5 and its influence on the inception of the last Glacial. Geophysical Monograph Series, 158, 323-339, https://doi.org/10.1029/158GM20
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Variable climatic and oceanographic conditions characterized the last interglacial at high northern latitudes, probably related to changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The magnitudes of these changes are comparable to the Holocene variability, and were thus significantly subdued compared to glacial climate changes. A thermal optimum occurred during the early part of the interglacial, followed by a period of reduced Atlantic inflow to the northernmost Nordic Seas. Subsequently, a new period with increased strength of the AMOC occurred. Significant amounts of Ice-Rafted Debris (IRD) were deposited in the northernmost Nordic Seas before any major change of the global ice volume. This implies an early onset of local ice sheet growth, probably the result of enhanced inflow of Atlantic water to the northernmost Nordic Seas contemporary with a Northern Hemisphere summer insolation minimum. Contrasting sea-land conditions provided large moisture fluxes towards land, giving rise to rapid, early glacial growth. Throughout the glacial part of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, millennial-scale cold events occurred along the axis of the warm water transport, from the subtropics all the way to the northernmost Nordic Seas. Correlation of IRD events from sites in the Fram Strait, on the Voring Plateau, and in the North Atlantic provides evidence that the major Northern Hemisphere ice sheets at times responded coherently to the same forcing. The widespread distribution of these events highlights the importance of the oceanic influence on the regional climate system.
    Keywords: 3182N; 3280N; CALYPSO; Calypso Corer; IMAGES; IMAGES I; IMAGES V; International Marine Global Change Study; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD101; MD114; MD952010; MD95-2010; MD99-2303; MD99-2304; Spitsbergen slope; Voring Plateau
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    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 48
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    Sea surface temperature and stable isotopes from 9 cores of the Northeastern Atlantic (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kandiano, Evgenia S; Bauch, Henning A; Fahl, Kirsten; Helmke, Jan Peter; Röhl, Ursula; Pérez-Folgado, Marta; Cacho, Isabel (2012): The meridional temperature gradient in the eastern North Atlantic during MIS 11 and its link to the ocean-atmosphere system. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 333-334, 24-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.005
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Temporal and spatial patterns in eastern North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SST) were reconstructed for marine isotope stage (MIS) 11c using a submeridional transect of five sediment cores. The SST reconstructions are based on planktic foraminiferal abundances and alkenone indices, and are supported by benthic and planktic stable isotope measurements, as well as by ice-rafted debris content in polar and middle latitudes. Additionally, the larger-scale dynamics of the precipitation regime over northern Africa and the western Mediterranean region was evaluated from iron concentrations in marine sediments off NW Africa and planktic d13C in combination with analysis of planktic foraminiferal abundances down to the species level in the Mediterranean Sea. Compared to the modern situation, it is revealed that during entire MIS 11c sensu stricto (ss), i.e., between 420 and 398 ka according to our age models, a cold SST anomaly in the Nordic seas co-existed with a warm SST anomaly in the middle latitudes and the subtropics, resulting in steeper meridional SST gradients than during the Holocene. Such a SST pattern correlates well with a prevalence of a negative mode of the modern North Atlantic Oscillation. We suggest that our scenario might partly explain the longer duration of wet conditions in the northern Africa during MIS 11c compared to the Holocene.
    Keywords: 159-958; 161-975; 61F; ARK-II/5; CALYPSO; Calypso Corer; Canarias Sea; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Giant box corer; GIK23063-1; GIK23243-1 PS05/431; GIK23414-8; GKG; Gravity corer (Kiel type); IMAGES V; Jan Mayen Ridge; Joides Resolution; Leg159T; Leg161; M17/2; M2/2; M23414; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD114; MD99-2277; Meteor (1986); North Atlantic; Norwegian Sea; Polarstern; PS05; PS1243-1; SL; Western Basin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 9 datasets
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  • 49
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    Age and chemical composition of volcanic rocks and minerals from the Vityaz Ridge (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Pacific Oceanology Institute, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences | Supplement to: Lelikov, Evgeny P; Emelyanova, T A (2011): Geology and volcanism of the underwater Vityaz Ridge (Pacific slope of the Kuril Island Arc). Translated from Okeanologiya, 2011, 51(2), 329-343, Oceanology, 51(2), 315-328, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437011020081
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: This paper reports results of geological studies carried out during two marine expeditions of R/VAkademik M.A. Lavrent'ev (Cruises 37 and 41) in 2005 and 2006 at the underwater Vityaz Ridge. Dredging has yielded various rocks from the basement and sedimentary cover of the ridge within three polygons. On the basis of radioisotope age determinations, petrochemical, and paleontological data all the rocks have been subdivided into the following complexes: volcanic rock of Paleocene, Eocene, Late Oligocene, Middle Miocene, and Pliocene-Pleistocene; volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of Late Cretaceous - Early Paleocene, Paleogene (undifferentiated), Oligocene - Early Miocene, and Pliocene-Pleistocene. Determinations of age and chemical composition of the rocks have enabled to specify formation conditions of the complexes and to trace geological evolution of the Vityaz Ridge. Presence of young Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanites allows to conclude about the modern tectono-magmatic activity of the central part of the Pacific slope of the Kuril Islands.
    Keywords: Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev; Archive of Ocean Data; ARCOD; Dredge; DRG; LV-37; LV-37-14; LV-37-17; LV-37-19; LV-37-22; LV-37-24; LV-37-25; LV-37-37; LV-37-39; LV-41-13; LV-41-15; LV-41-18; LV-41-23; LV-41-24; Vityaz Ridge, Northwest Pacific
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 50
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    Geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Hikurangi and Manihiki Plateaus (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hoernle, Kaj; Hauff, Folkmar; van den Bogaard, Paul; Werner, Reinhard; Mortimer, Nick; Geldmacher, Jörg; Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter; Davy, Bryan (2010): Age and geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Hikurangi and Manihiki oceanic Plateaus. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24), 7196-7219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.030
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Here we present the first radiometric age data and a comprehensive geochemical data set (including major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios) for samples from the Hikurangi Plateau basement and seamounts on and adjacent to the plateau obtained during the R/V Sonne 168 cruise, in addition to age and geochemical data from DSDP Site 317 on the Manihiki Plateau. The 40Ar/39Ar age and geochemical data show that the Hikurangi basement lavas (118-96 Ma) have surprisingly similar major and trace element and isotopic characteristics to the Ontong Java Plateau lavas (ca. 120 and 90 Ma), primarily the Kwaimbaita-type composition, whereas the Manihiki DSDP Site 317 lavas (117 Ma) have similar compositions to the Singgalo lavas on the Ontong Java Plateau. Alkalic, incompatible-element-enriched seamount lavas (99-87 Ma and 67 Ma) on the Hikurangi Plateau and adjacent to it (Kiore Seamount), however, were derived from a distinct high time-integrated U/Pb (HIMU)-type mantle source. The seamount lavas are similar in composition to similar-aged alkalic volcanism on New Zealand, indicating a second wide-spread event from a distinct source beginning ca. 20 Ma after the plateau-forming event. Tholeiitic lavas from two Osbourn seamounts on the abyssal plain adjacent to the northeast Hikurangi Plateau margin have extremely depleted incompatible element compositions, but incompatible element characteristics similar to the Hikurangi and Ontong Java Plateau lavas and enriched isotopic compositions intermediate between normal mid-ocean-ridge basalt (N-MORB) and the plateau basement. These younger (~52 Ma) seamounts may have formed through remelting of mafic cumulate rocks associated with the plateau formation. The similarity in age and geochemistry of the Hikurangi, Ontong Java and Manihiki Plateaus suggest derivation from a common mantle source. We propose that the Greater Ontong Java Event, during which ?1% of the Earth's surface was covered with volcanism, resulted from a thermo-chemical superplume/dome that stalled at the transition zone, similar to but larger than the structure imaged presently beneath the South Pacific superswell. The later alkalic volcanism on the Hikurangi Plateau and the Zealandia micro-continent may have been part of a second large-scale volcanic event that may have also triggered the final breakup stage of Gondwana, which resulted in the separation of Zealandia fragments from West Antarctica.
    Keywords: 33-317A; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Dredge; DRG; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Leg33; SO168; SO168_1; SO168_12; SO168_21; SO168_25; SO168_26; SO168_3; SO168_32; SO168_33; SO168_34; SO168_35; SO168_36; SO168_38; SO168_39; SO168_40; SO168_43; SO168_47; SO168_49; SO168_50; SO168_9; Sonne; South Pacific/PLATEAU; ZEALANDIA
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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