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  • Articles  (79)
  • linear programming  (79)
  • 2010-2014
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  • Mathematics  (79)
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  • 1
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    Annals of operations research 51 (1994), S. 45-59 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Multiple objective ; linear programming ; stochastic ; decision support system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Most of the multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) methods which have been proposed in the last fifteen years suppose deterministic contexts, but because many real problems imply uncertainty, some methods have been recently developed to deal with MOLP problems in stochastic contexts. In order to help the decision maker (DM) who is placed before such stochastic MOLP problems, we have built a Decision Support System called PROMISE. On the one hand, our DSS enables the DM to identify many current stochastic contexts: risky situations and also situations of partial uncertainty. On the other hand, according to the nature of the uncertainty, our DSS enables the DM to choose the most appropriate interactive stochastic MOLP method among the available methods, if such a method exists, and to solve his problem via the chosen method.
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  • 2
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    Numerical algorithms 8 (1994), S. 185-199 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Basis ; feasible solution ; controllability ; linear programming ; reachability ; simplex method ; time optimal control ; 65 K
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The reachability problem for linear time-invariant discrete-time control systems with sign-restricted input is considered. The time-optimal control is constructed by an iterative procedure. Each step of the iteration is defined as a linear programming problem. This problem is solved by the simplex algorithm. The initial feasible solution for the simplex algorithm is provided by the preceding step of the iteration. The inversion of the basis matrix is reduced to a bordering procedure. The structural stability of the solution is investigated.
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  • 3
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 80 (1994), S. 319-331 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Predictor-corrector algorithm ; weighted center of the solution set ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In certain applications of linear programming, the determination of a particular solution, the weighted center of the solution set, is often desired, giving rise to the need for algorithms capable of locating such center. In this paper, we modify the Mizuno-Todd-Ye predictor-corrector algorithm so that the modified algorithm is guaranteed to converge to the weighted center for given weights. The key idea is to ensure that iterates remain in a sequence of shrinking neighborhoods of the weighted central path. The modified algorithm also possesses polynomiality and superlinear convergence.
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  • 4
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 81 (1994), S. 343-354 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Reverse convex programming ; nonconvex programming ; nonlinear programming ; linear programming ; test problems ; global optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A method of constructing test problems with known global solution for a class of reverse convex programs or linear programs with an additional reverse convex constraint is presented. The initial polyhedron is assumed to be a hypercube. The method then systematically generates cuts that slice the cube in such a way that a prespecified global solution on its edge remains intact. The proposed method does not require the solution of linear programs or systems of linear equations as is often required by existing techniques.
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  • 5
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 80 (1994), S. 3-18 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multiple criteria decision making ; efficient set ; global optimization ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, researchers and practitioners have been increasingly interested in the problem (P) of maximizing a linear function over the efficient set of a multiple objective linear program. Problem (P) is generally a difficult global optimization problem which requires numerically intensive procedures for its solution. In this paper, simple linear programming procedures are described for detecting and solving four special cases of problem (P). When solving instances of problem (P), these procedures can be used as screening devices to detect and solve these four special cases.
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  • 6
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    Mathematical programming 60 (1993), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Convex programming ; linear programming ; multiplier method ; exponential penalty ; Augmented Lagrangian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we analyze the exponential method of multipliers for convex constrained minimization problems, which operates like the usual Augmented Lagrangian method, except that it uses an exponential penalty function in place of the usual quadratic. We also analyze a dual counterpart, the entropy minimization algorithm, which operates like the proximal minimization algorithm, except that it uses a logarithmic/entropy “proximal” term in place of a quadratic. We strengthen substantially the available convergence results for these methods, and we derive the convergence rate of these methods when applied to linear programs.
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  • 7
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    Mathematical programming 62 (1993), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Greedy algorithm ; Monge arrays ; series parallel graphs ; linear programming ; network flow ; transportation problem ; integrality ; convexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the concept of series and parallel composition of linear programming problems and show that greedy properties are inherited by such compositions. Our results are inspired by earlier work on compositions of flow problems. We make use of certain Monge properties as well as convexity properties which support the greedy method in other contexts.
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  • 8
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    Mathematical programming 60 (1993), S. 215-228 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Primary 90C05 ; 90C33 ; Strict complementarity ; maximal complementarity ; interior point algorithms ; linear programming ; monotone complementarity problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We show that most interior-point algorithms for linear programming generate a solution sequence in which every limit point satisfies the strict complementarity condition. These algorithms include all path-following algorithms and some potential reduction algorithms. The result also holds for the monotone complementarity problem if a strict complementarity solution exists. In general, the limit point is a solution that maximizes the number of its nonzero components among all solutions.
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  • 9
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    Mathematical programming 58 (1993), S. 1-32 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Interior point method ; linear programming ; quadratic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a unified framework for solving linear and convex quadratic programs via interior point methods. At each iteration, this method solves an indefinite system whose matrix is $$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} { - D^{ - 2} } & {A^T } \\ A & 0 \\ \end{array} } \right]$$ instead of reducing to obtain the usualAD 2 A T system. This methodology affords two advantages: (1) it avoids the fill created by explicitly forming the productAD 2 A T whenA has dense columns; and (2) it can easily be used to solve nonseparable quadratic programs since it requires only thatD be symmetric. We also present a procedure for converting nonseparable quadratic programs to separable ones which yields computational savings when the matrix of quadratic coefficients is dense.
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  • 10
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    Annals of operations research 45 (1993), S. 349-372 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Incomplete market ; trading constraints ; linear programming ; optimal portfolio ; duality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We study a consistent treatment for both the multi-period portfolio selection problem and the option attainability problem by a dual approach. We assume that time is discrete, the horizon is finite, the sample space is finite and the number of securities is less than that of the possible securities price transitions, i.e. an incomplete security market. The investor is prohibited from investing stocks more than given linear investment amount constraints at any time and he maximizes an expected additive utility function for the consumption process. First we give a set of budget feasibility conditions so that a consumption process is attainable by an admissible portfolio process. To establish this relation, we used an algorithmic approach which has a close connection with the linear programming duality. Then we prove the unique existence of a primal optimal solution from the budget feasibility conditions. Finally, we formulate a dual control problem and establish the duality between primal and dual control problems.
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  • 11
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    Annals of operations research 46-47 (1993), S. 249-269 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Convex polytopes ; degeneracy ; linear programming ; simplex method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Finding the incident edges to a degenerate vertex of a polyhedron is a non-trivial problem. So pivoting methods generally involve a perturbation argument to overcome the degeneracy problem. But the perturbation entails a bursting of each degenerate vertex into a cluster of nondegenerate vertices. The aim of this paper is to give some bounds on the number of these perturbed vertices.
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  • 12
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    Annals of operations research 46-47 (1993), S. 497-508 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Simplex method ; linear programming ; pivoting ; degeneracy ; exterior point algorithms ; cycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We present an exterior point simplex type algorithm that possesses a new monotonic property. A dual feasible basic solution is required to start with. Intermediate solutions are neither primal nor dual feasible. Cycling-free pivoting rules and an exponentional example are presented.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Degeneracy/cycling ; non-Archimedean data envelopment analysis ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A non-Archimedean effective anti-degeneracy/cycling method for linear programming models, especially Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), processing networks and advertising media mix models is herein developed. It has given a tenfold speed increase plus elimination of cycling difficulties over conventional Marsden or Kennington/Ali LP software modules in a 1000 LP DEA application.
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  • 14
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    Annals of operations research 46-47 (1993), S. 393-408 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Degeneracy ; linear programming ; degeneracy graphs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Degenerate optima in linear programming problems lead in a canonical way to so-called o-degeneracy graphs as subgraphs of degeneracy graphs induced by the set of optimal bases. Fundamental questions about the structure of o-degeneracy graphs suggest the closer inspection of some properties of these graphs, such as, for example, the connectivity and the complexity. Finally, some open questions are pointed out.
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  • 15
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    Annals of operations research 43 (1993), S. 427-441 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Petroleum production ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe a planning model for the management of approximately 130 petroleum-producing wells in the North Sea. The objective is to form a better basis for the decisions about which wells to produce from and which to shut down during a period. Every well is dealt with individually as the production potential and chemical composition are different. The total flow consists of six saleable components: gas, four NGL products, and oil. The production may be curtailed due to the capacities of the platforms, gathering centre, pipelines and refinery plants. The total gas production is available for fulfilling the gas contracts, injecting the gas into the reservoirs or using the gas as fuel. There exist contracts for some of the NGL products, while the rest of the NGL products and oil are sold on the free market. The well-management model is solved by means of a standard mathematical programming code, and computational results are given for a planning problem with four different data sets.
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  • 16
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    Decisions in economics and finance 16 (1993), S. 73-86 
    ISSN: 1129-6569
    Keywords: project analysis ; linear programming ; internal financial law (IFL) ; financial leverage ; discounted cash-flows (DCF) decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si definisce un modello generale (PAULA) per la valutazione, selezione e gestione ottimale di progetti certi alternativi. Sfruttando i risvolti formali e finanziari dei problemi lineari associati (diretto e duale), si formulano poi due proposte per definire una legge finanziaria interna (IFL) ottimale, utili sia per abbattere la molteplicità intrinseca delleIFL, sia per evitare risultati economicamente arbitrari nel loro uso.
    Notes: Abstract We define a general model (called PAULA) for the valuation, optimal management and selection among mutually exclusive safe projects. By exploiting the formal and financial features of the associated linear problems (primal and dual), we put forward two proposals to define an optimal internal financial law (IFL). They may be used to reduce the multiplicity of the IFLs and to avoid economically arbitrary outcomes.
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  • 17
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    OR spectrum 15 (1993), S. 43-55 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Modeling ; linear programming ; compiler ; MPS ; Modellierung ; lineare Programmierung ; Compiler ; MPS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beschreibt die neue Version der Modellierungssprache LPL (Linear Programming Language), die sich dazu eignet, mathematische Modelle aufzubauen, zu warten und zu dokumentieren. Die LPL-Sprache wurde zum Erstellen von MPS-InputDateien und Resultate-Tabellen größerer LP-Modelle erfolgreich eingesetzt. Der LPL-Compiler übersetzt ein LPL-Programm, das ein vollständiges Modell repräsentiert, in den Eingabecode eines LP/MIP-Lösungsprogramms, ruft den Lösungsalgorithmus auf, liest die Lösung, und ein integrierter Tabellengenerator gibt vom Benutzer definierte Resultate-Tabellen aus. Außerdem erlaubt ein Dateneingabe-Generator, die Daten in verschiedenen Formaten zu lesen.
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the new version of the modeling language, named LPL (Linear Programming Language). It may be used to build, modify and document mathematical models. The LPL language has been successfully applied to generate automatically MPS input files and reports of large LP models. The available LPL compiler translates LPL programs to the input code of any LP/MIP solver, calls the solver automatically, reads the solution back to its internal representation, and the integrated Report Generator produces the user defined reports of the model. Furthermore, an Input Generator can read the data from many formats.
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  • 18
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    Mathematical programming 59 (1993), S. 163-213 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: 90C30 ; 68Q15 ; 52A25 ; 90C05 ; 90C20 ; 90C25 ; 11J72 ; 11J81 ; Computational convexity ; computational complexity ; polynomial-time algorithms ; NP-hardness ; mathematical programming ; computational geometry ; ellipsoid method ; linear programming ; sensitivity analysis ; quadratic programming ; robotics ; convex body ; polarity ; polytope ; convex hull ; breadth ; width ; diameter ; radius ; insphere ; circumsphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the complexity of computing (or approximating, or bounding) the various inner and outer radii of ann-dimensional convex polytope in the space ∝ n equipped with an ℓ p norm or a polytopal norm. The polytopeP is assumed to be presented as the convex hull of finitely many points with rational coordinates (V-presented) or as the intersection of finitely many closed halfspaces defined by linear inequalities with rational coefficients (ℋ-presented). The innerj-radius ofP is the radius of a largestj-ball contained inP; it isP's inradius whenj = n and half ofP's diameter whenj = 1. The outerj-radius measures how wellP can be approximated, in a minimax sense, by an (n — j)-flat; it isP's circumradius whenj = n and half ofP's width whenj = 1. The binary (Turing machine) model of computation is employed. The primary concern is not with finding optimal algorithms, but with establishing polynomial-time computability or NP-hardness. Special attention is paid to the case in whichP is centrally symmetric. When the dimensionn is permitted to vary, the situation is roughly as follows: (a) for general ℋ-presented polytopes in ℓ p spaces with 1〈p〈∞, all outer radius computations are NP-hard; (b) in the remaining cases (including symmetric ℋ-presented polytopes), some radius computations can be accomplished in polynomial time and others are NP-hard. These results are obtained by using a variety of tools from the geometry of convex bodies, from linear and nonlinear programming, and from the theory of computational complexity. Applications of the results to various problems in mathematical programming, computer science and other fields are included.
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    Mathematical programming 62 (1993), S. 153-197 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Complexity analysis ; interior point methods ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; linear programming ; semi-infinite programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Karmarkar's algorithm for linear programming was published in 1984, and it is highly important to both theory and practice. On the practical side some of its variants have been found to be far more efficient than the simplex method on a wide range of very large calculations, while its polynomial time properties are fundamental to research on complexity. These properties depend on the fact that each iteration reduces a “potential function” by an amount that is bounded away from zero, the bound being independent of all the coefficients that occur. It follows that, under mild conditions on the initial vector of variables, the number of iterations that are needed to achieve a prescribed accuracy in the final value of the linear objective function is at most a multiple ofn, wheren is the number of inequality constraints. By considering a simple example that allowsn to be arbitrarily large, we deduce analytically that the magnitude of this complexity bound is correct. Specifically, we prove that the solution of the example by Karmarkar's original algorithm can require aboutn/20 iterations. Further, we find that the algorithm makes changes to the variables that are closely related to the steps of the simplex method.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 78 (1993), S. 127-142 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Karmarkar's algorithm ; lower bounds ; linear programming ; interior-point methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We give two results related to Gonzaga's recent paper showing that lower bounds derived from the Todd-Burrell update can be obtained by solving a one-variable linear programming problem involving the centering direction and the affine direction. We show how these results may be used to update the primal solution when using the dual affine variant of Karmarkar's algorithm. This leads to a dual projective algorithm.
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  • 21
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 78 (1993), S. 247-266 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Projection methods ; Fejér contraction ; linear complementarity problems ; linear programming ; network programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, based on the idea of a projection and contraction method for a class of linear complementarity problems (Refs. 1 and 2), we develop a class of iterative algorithms for linear programming with linear speed of convergence. The algorithms are used to solve transportation and network problems with up to 10,000 variables. Our experiments indicate that the algorithms are simple, easy to parallelize, and more efficient for some large practical problems.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 76 (1993), S. 165-182 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Dynamic programming ; linear programming ; difference equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the general solutions to the optimal policy and the limit theorem forn-stage,m-reusableness rate production planning are obtained for the problem with free terminal point. In addition, general solutions to the problem with fixed terminal point are obtained. The links between the solutions to these problems are discussed.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 78 (1993), S. 523-539 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Constrained control ; robust control ; periodic systems ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem is considered of finding a control strategy for a linear discrete-time periodic system with state and control bounds in the presence of unknown disturbances that are only known to belong to a given compact set. This kind of problem arises in practice in resource distribution systems where the demand has typically a periodic behavior, but cannot be estimated a priori without an uncertainty margin. An infinite-horizon keeping problem is formulated, which consists in confining the state within its constraint set using the allowable control, whatever the allowed disturbances may be. To face this problem, the concepts of periodically invariant set and sequence are introduced. They are used to formulate a solution strategy that solves the keeping problem. For the case of polyhedral state, control, and disturbance constraints, a computationally feasible procedure is proposed. In particular, it is shown that periodically invariant sequences may be computed off-line, and then they may be used to synthesize on-line a control strategy. Finally, an optimization criterion for the control law is discussed.
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 267-279 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear complementarity ; P-matrix ; interior point ; potential function ; linear programming ; quadratic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The linear complementarity problem (LCP) can be viewed as the problem of minimizingx T y subject toy=Mx+q andx, y⩾0. We are interested in finding a point withx T y 〈ε for a givenε 〉 0. The algorithm proceeds by iteratively reducing the potential function $$f(x,y) = \rho \ln x^T y - \Sigma \ln x_j y_j ,$$ where, for example,ρ=2n. The direction of movement in the original space can be viewed as follows. First, apply alinear scaling transformation to make the coordinates of the current point all equal to 1. Take a gradient step in the transformed space using the gradient of the transformed potential function, where the step size is either predetermined by the algorithm or decided by line search to minimize the value of the potential. Finally, map the point back to the original space. A bound on the worst-case performance of the algorithm depends on the parameterλ *=λ*(M, ε), which is defined as the minimum of the smallest eigenvalue of a matrix of the form $$(I + Y^{ - 1} MX)(I + M^T Y^{ - 2} MX)^{ - 1} (I + XM^T Y^{ - 1} )$$ whereX andY vary over the nonnegative diagonal matrices such thate T XYe ⩾ε andX jj Y jj⩽n 2. IfM is a P-matrix,λ * is positive and the algorithm solves the problem in polynomial time in terms of the input size, |log ε|, and 1/λ *. It is also shown that whenM is positive semi-definite, the choice ofρ = 2n+ $$\sqrt {2n} $$ yields a polynomial-time algorithm. This covers the convex quadratic minimization problem.
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 295-305 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Interior-point method ; linear programming ; Karmarkar's method ; polynomial-time algorithm ; logarithmic barrier function ; path-following method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a path-following algorithm for the linear programming problem with a surprisingly simple and elegant proof of its polynomial behaviour. This is done both for the problem in standard form and for its dual problem. We also discuss some implementation strategies.
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 189-222 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: 65H10 ; 65K05 ; 65K10 ; Linearℓ 1 estimation ; linear programming ; interior-point algorithm ; simplex method ; least absolute value regression ; affine scaling method ; Karmarkar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, various interior point algorithms related to the Karmarkar algorithm have been developed for linear programming. In this paper, we first show how this “interior point” philosophy can be adapted to the linear ℓ1 problem (in which there are no feasibility constraints) to yield a globally and linearly convergent algorithm. We then show that the linear algorithm can be modified to provide aglobally and ultimatelyquadratically convergent algorithm. This modified algorithm appears to be significantly more efficient in practise than a more straightforward interior point approach via a linear programming formulation: we present numerical results to support this claim.
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 325-335 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Strict complementarity ; interior point algorithms ; linear programming ; optimal face
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown [8] that numerous interior-point algorithms for linear programming (LP) generate solution sequences that converge to strict complementarity solutions, or interior solutions on the optimal face. In this note we further establish a theoretical base for Gay's test (Gay, 1989) to identify the optimal face, and develop a new termination procedure to obtain an exact solution on the optimal face. We also report some numerical results for solving a set of LP test problems, each of which has a highly degenerate and unbounded optimal face.
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    OR spectrum 14 (1992), S. 43-52 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Markov decision processes ; linear programming ; Markovsche Entscheidungsprozesse ; lineare Programmierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Separabele Markoffsche Entscheidungsprobleme haben die Eigenschaft, daß für gewisse Paare (i, a) von Zuständeni und zugehörigen Aktionena gilt: (i) die unmittelbare Auszahlung ist die Summe zweier Terme, von denen der eine nur vom Zustand und der andere nur von der Aktion abhängt (ria=si+ta), (ii) die Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten hängen nur von der Aktion ab und nicht vom Zustand, in dem diese Aktion gewählt wurde. Dieses Modell wurde schon gegen Ende der Sechziger Jahre untersucht. Es wurde bewiesen, daß diskontierte Probleme und undiskontierte Probleme mit nur einer rekurrenten Klasse als lineare Programme mit weniger Variablen als im allgemeinen Modell formuliert werden können. Es war bisher unbekannt, ob auch für undiskontierte Modelle mit mehreren rekurrenten Klassen eine Formulierung mit weniger Variablen existiert. Dieses Problem wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit gelöst: eine solche Formulierung ist möglich. Abschließend werden einige Anwendungen von separablen Modellen angegeben.
    Notes: Summary Separable Markovian decision problems have the property that for certain pairs (i, a) of a statei and an actiona: (i) the immediate reward is the sum of terms due to the current state and action (ria=Si+ta), (ii) the transition probability depends only on the action and not on the state from which the transition occurs. The separable model was studied already in the late sixties. For the discounted case and the unichain undiscounted case a reduced LP formulation was given, which involves a substantially smaller number of variables than in the LP formulation of a general Markov decision problem. It was unknown whether such an efficient formulation was also possible in the multichain case. This paper solves this problem: such an efficient formulation can be obtained. Some applications of separable models are also presented.
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Bilinear ; duality ; linear programming
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    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the maximization of a bilinear function over two independent polytopes. The maximization problem is converted into a max—min problem, using duality. This problem is then solved via a sequence of dual linear programmes, whose constraint vectors are successively determined bytth order optima of a master linear programme.
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 375-414 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Leontief matrices ; linear programming ; integer programming ; network flows ; polyhedral combinatorics ; expert systems
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    Notes: Abstract Leontief substitution systems have been studied by economists and operations researchers for many years. We show how such linear systems are naturally viewed asLeontief substitution flow problems on directed hypergraphs, and that important solution properties follow from structural characteristics of the hypergraphs. We give a strongly polynomial, non-simplex algorithm for Leontief substitution flow problems that satisfy againfree property leading to acyclic extreme solutions. Integrality conditions follow easily from this algorithm. Another structural property,support disjoint reachability, leads to necessary and sufficient conditions for extreme solutions to be binary. In a survey of applications, we show how the Leontief flow paradigm links polyhedral combinatorics, expert systems, mixed integer model formulation, and some problems in graph optimization.
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    Numerical algorithms 3 (1992), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Moment problem ; Schrödinger equation ; inequalities ; convexity ; linear programming
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    Notes: Abstract We show that it is possible to project out in an exact manner the lowest eigenstate of Schrödinger equations. Taking into account the nodeless property of the lowest eigenstate one can replace the full Schrödinger equation by a moment problem whose measure is the eigenstate itself. The infinite set of positivity inequalities linked to this moment problem provides a framework which allows to compute sequences of upper and lower bounds to the unknown eigenvalue and eigenfunction. The effective computation is based on deep convexity properties embedded in the set of hierarchical inequalities associated to this moment problem. The convexity allows to get the bounds through linear programming. We illustrate the method with simple one dimensional problems.
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    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 2 (1992), S. 39-50 
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Keywords: image processing ; linear programming ; mathematical morphology ; image algebra ; template decomposition
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Template decomposition techniques can be useful for improving the efficiency of imageprocessing algorithms. The improved efficiency can be realized either by reorganizing a computation to fit a specialized structure, such as an image-processing pipeline, or by reducing the number of operations used. In this paper two techniques are described for decomposing templates into sequences of 3×3 templates with respect to gray-scale morphological operations. Both techniques use linear programming and are guaranteed to find a decomposition of one exists.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 75 (1992), S. 587-602 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Probabilistic constrained problems ; chance-constrained problems ; linear programming ; duality ; optimization ; convex analysis
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    Notes: Abstract We present two pairs of dually related probabilistic constrained problems as extensions of the linear programming duality concept. In the first pair, a bilinear function appears in the objectives and each objective directly depends on the feasibility set of the other problem, as in the game theoretical formulation of dual linear programs. In the second pair, we reformulate the objectives and eliminate their direct dependence on the feasibility set of the other problem. We develop conditions under which the dually related problems have no duality gap and conditions under which the two pairs of problems are equivalent as far as their optimality sets are concerned.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 75 (1992), S. 101-132 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Diffusion equation ; optimal control ; Radon measures ; optimization ; linear programming ; moment problem
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    Notes: Abstract The present paper is concerned with an optimal control problem for then-dimensional diffusion equation with a sequence of Radon measures as generalized control variables. Suppose that a desired final state is not reachable. We enlarge the set of admissible controls and provide a solution to the corresponding moment problem for the diffusion equation, so that the previously chosen desired final state is actually reachable by the action of a generalized control. Then, we minimize an objective function in this extended space, which can be characterized as consisting of infinite sequences of Radon measures which satisfy some constraints. Then, we approximate the action of the optimal sequence by that of a control, and finally develop numerical methods to estimate these nearly optimal controls. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate these ideas.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 75 (1992), S. 445-470 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Augmented Lagrangian algorithms ; linear programming ; global convergence rates ; convex programming
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    Notes: Abstract We introduce new augmented Lagrangian algorithms for linear programming which provide faster global convergence rates than the augmented algorithm of Polyak and Treti'akov. Our algorithm shares the same properties as the Polyak-Treti'akov algorithm in that it terminates in finitely many iterations and obtains both primal and dual optimal solutions. We present an implementable version of the algorithm which requires only approximate minimization at each iteration. We provide a global convergence rate for this version of the algorithm and show that the primal and dual points generated by the algorithm converge to the primal and dual optimal set, respectively.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 73 (1992), S. 197-203 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Linear inequalities ; linear complementarity problems ; linear programming ; sensitivity analysis ; tolerance approach
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we apply the tolerance approach proposed by Wendell for sensitivity analysis in linear programs to study sensitivity analysis in linear complementarity problems. In the tolerance approach, we find the range or the maximum tolerance within which the coefficients of the right-hand side of the problem can vary simultaneously and independently such that the solution of the original and the perturbed problems have the same index set of nonzero elements.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 74 (1992), S. 305-316 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Geometric programming ; linear programming ; complementary slackness ; Lagrange multipliers
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    Notes: Abstract When the terms in a convex primal geometric programming (GP) problem are multiplied by slack variables whose values must be at least unity, the invariance conditions may be solved as constraints in a linear programming (LP) problem in logarithmically transformed variables. The number of transformed slack variables included in the optimal LP basis equals the degree of difficulty of the GP problem, and complementary slackness conditions indicate required changes in associated GP dual variables. A simple, efficient search procedure is used to generate a sequence of improving primal feasible solutions without requiring the use of the GP dual objective function. The solution procedure appears particularly advantageous when solving very large geometric programming problems, because only the right-hand constants in a system of linear equations change at each iteration.
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    Mathematical programming 50 (1991), S. 29-51 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Interior-point methods ; linear programming ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; logarithmic barrier function ; affine scaling algorithms ; continuous trajectories for linear programming
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    Notes: Abstract We consider the continuous trajectories of the vector field induced by the primal affine scaling algorithm as applied to linear programming problems in standard form. By characterizing these trajectories as solutions of certain parametrized logarithmic barrier families of problems, we show that these trajectories tend to an optimal solution which in general depends on the starting point. By considering the trajectories that arise from the Lagrangian multipliers of the above mentioned logarithmic barrier families of problems, we show that the trajectories of the dual estimates associated with the affine scaling trajectories converge to the so called ‘centered’ optimal solution of the dual problem. We also present results related to asymptotic direction of the affine scaling trajectories. We briefly discuss how to apply our results to linear programs formulated in formats different from the standard form. Finally, we extend the results to the primal-dual affine scaling algorithm.
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    Mathematical programming 50 (1991), S. 277-290 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Algorithms ; complexity ; data structures ; dynamic trees ; graphs ; linear programming ; maximum flow ; network flow ; network optimization
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    Notes: Abstract Goldfarb and Hao (1990) have proposed a pivot rule for the primal network simplex algorithm that will solve a maximum flow problem on ann-vertex,m-arc network in at mostnm pivots and O(n 2 m) time. In this paper we describe how to extend the dynamic tree data structure of Sleator and Tarjan (1983, 1985) to reduce the running time of this algorithm to O(nm logn). This bound is less than a logarithmic factor larger than those of the fastest known algorithms for the problem. Our extension of dynamic trees is interesting in its own right and may well have additional applications.
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    Mathematical programming 52 (1991), S. 415-428 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Interior point methods ; linear programming ; potential reduction methods ; Karmarkar's algorithm
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    Notes: Abstract We present a procedure for computing lower bounds for the optimal cost in a linear programming problem. Whenever the procedure succeeds, it finds a dual feasible slack and the associated duality gap. Although no projective transformations or problem restatements are used, the method coincides with the procedures by Todd and Burrell and by de Ghellinck and Vial when these procedures are applicable. The procedure applies directly to affine potential reduction algorithms, and improves on existent techniques for finding lower bounds.
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    Mathematical programming 52 (1991), S. 209-225 
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    Keywords: Karmarkar's algorithm ; linear programming ; projective algorithm ; conical projection ; interior methods
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    Notes: Abstract Interior methods for linear programming were designed mainly for problems formulated with equality constraints and non-negative variables. The formulation with inequality constraints has shown to be very convenient for practical implementations, and the translation of methods designed for one formulation into the other is not trivial. This paper relates the geometric features of both representations, shows how to transport data and procedures between them and shows how cones and conical projections can be associated with inequality constraints.
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    BIT 31 (1991), S. 2-14 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: E.1 ; F.2.2 ; computational geometry ; intersection detection ; geometric duality ; multidimensional search ; hyperplane-polyhedron intersection ; polyhedron-polyhedron intersection ; arbitrary dimensions ; linear programming
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a dual approach to detect intersections of hyperplanes and convex polyhedra in arbitrary dimensions. Ind dimensions, the time complexities of the dual algorithms areO(2 d logn) for the hyperplane-polyhedron intersection problem, andO((2d) d−1 log d−1 n) for the polyhedron- polyhedron intersection problem. These results are the first of their kind ford 〉 3. In two dimensions, these time bounds are achieved with linear space and preprocessing. In three dimensions, the hyperplane-polyhedron intersection problem is also solved with linear space and preprocessing; quadratic space and preprocessing, however, is required for the polyhedron-polyhedron intersection problem. For generald, the dual algorithms require $$O(n^{2^d } )$$ space and preprocessing. All of these results readily extend to unbounded polyhedra.
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    Mathematical programming 51 (1991), S. 17-43 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Interior point methods ; linear programming ; fractional linear programming ; projective algorithm ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; polynomial-type algorithm
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    Notes: Abstract We present a new projective interior point method for linear programming with unknown optimal value. This algorithm requires only that an interior feasible point be provided. It generates a strictly decreasing sequence of objective values and within polynomial time, either determines an optimal solution, or proves that the problem is unbounded. We also analyze the asymptotic convergence rate of our method and discuss its relationship to other polynomial time projective interior point methods and the affine scaling method.
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    Mathematical programming 51 (1991), S. 133-135 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Convex programming ; integer programming ; linear programming
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    Notes: Abstract We prove the following theorem which gives a bound on the proximity of the real and the integer solutions to certain constrained optimization programs.
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    Mathematical programming 52 (1991), S. 481-509 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Interior point methods ; linear programming ; potential function ; search direction
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    Notes: Abstract A basic characteristic of an interior point algorithm for linear programming is the search direction. Many papers on interior point algorithms only give an implicit description of the search direction. In this report we derive explicit expressions for the search directions used in many well-known algorithms. Comparing these explicit expressions gives a good insight into the similarities and differences between the various algorithms. Moreover, we give a survey of projected gradient and Newton directions for all potential and barrier functions. This is done both for the affine and projective variants.
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 35 (1991), S. 87-111 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: linear programming ; programming in conditions of uncertainty ; sensitivity ; interval and finite arithmetic ; systems of equations
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This note gives a synopsis of new methods for solving linear systems and linear programming problems with uncertain data. All input data can vary between given lower and upper bounds. The methods calculate very sharp and guaranteed error bounds for the solution set of those problems and permit a rigorous sensitivity analysis. For problems with exact input data in general the calculated bounds differ only in the last bit in the mantissa, i.e. they are of maximum accuracy.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 71 (1991), S. 465-484 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Stabilization ; uncertain systems ; constrained control ; positive invariance ; linear programming
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The linear state feedback synthesis problem for uncertain linear systems with state and control constraints is considered. We assume that the uncertainties are present in both the state and input matrices and they are bounded. The main goal is to find a linear control law assuring that both state and input constraints are fulfilled at each time. The problem is solved by confining the state within a compact and convex positively invariant set contained in the allowable state region. It is shown that, if the controls, the state, and the uncertainties are subject to linear inequality constraints and if a candidate compact and convex polyhedral set is assigned, a feedback matrix assuring that this region is positively invariant for the closed-loop system is found as a solution of a set of linear inequalities for both continuous and discrete time design problems. These results are extended to the case in which additive disturbances are present. The relationship between positive invariance and system stability is investigated and conditions for the existence of positively invariant regions of the polyhedral type are given.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 70 (1991), S. 191-209 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Diffusion equation ; boundary control ; optimal control ; Radon measures ; linear programming ; approximations
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The existence and numerical estimation of a boundary control for then-dimensional linear diffusion equation is considered. The problem is modified into one consisting of the minimization of a linear functional over a set of Radon measures. The existence of an optimal measure corresponding to the above problem is shown, and the optimal measure is approximated by a finite convex combination of atomic measures. This construction gives rise to a finite-dimensional linear programming problem, whose solution can be used to construct the combination of atomic measures, and thus a piecewise-constant control function which approximates the action of the optimal measure, so that the final state corresponding to the above control function is close to the desired final state, and the value it assigns to the performance criterion is close to the corresponding infimum. A numerical procedure is developed for the estimation of these controls, entailing the solution of large, finite-dimensional linear programming problems. This procedure is illustrated by several examples.
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    Mathematical programming 48 (1990), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Coercivity ; quadratic programming ; linear programming ; aggregation ; relaxation ; multigrid methods
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    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with multilevel iterative methods which combine a descent scheme with a hierarchy of auxiliary problems in lower dimensional subspaces. The construction of auxiliary problems as well as applications to elasto-plastic model and linear programming are described. The auxiliary problem for the dual of a perturbed linear program is interpreted as a dual of perturbed aggregated linear program. Coercivity of the objective function over the feasible set is sufficient for the boundedness of the iterates. Equivalents of this condition are presented in special cases.
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    Mathematical programming 49 (1990), S. 91-111 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Sparse matrices ; linear programming ; bipartite matching
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    Notes: Abstract Many optimization algorithms involve repeated processing of a fixed set of linear constraints. If we pre-process the constraint matrixA to be sparser, then algebraic operations onA will become faster. We consider the problem of making a given matrix as sparse as possible, theSparsity Problem (SP). In a companion paper with S. Frank Chang, we developed some theoretical algorithms for SP under a non-degeneracy assumption (McCormick and Chang, 1988). Here we investigate what must be done to make those algorithms applicable in practice. We report encouraging computational results in making linear programming constraint matrices sparser. We also find that the Simplex Algorithm can solve the reduced LPs faster. Comparisons are made to a heuristic algorithm for SP of Adler et al. (1989).
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    Mathematical programming 47 (1990), S. 269-296 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Cross decomposition ; convergence ; linear programming ; mixed integer programming ; nonlinear programming
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    Notes: Abstract Cross decomposition is a recent method for mixed integer programming problems, exploiting simultaneously both the primal and the dual structure of the problem, thus combining the advantages of Dantzig—Wolfe decomposition and Benders decomposition. Finite convergence of the algorithm equipped with some simple convergence tests has been proved. Stronger convergence tests have been proposed, but not shown to yield finite convergence. In this paper cross decomposition is generalized and applied to linear programming problems, mixed integer programming problems and nonlinear programming problems (with and without linear parts). Using the stronger convergence tests finite exact convergence is shown in the first cases. Unbounded cases are discussed and also included in the convergence tests. The behaviour of the algorithm when parts of the constraint matrix are zero is also discussed. The cross decomposition procedure is generalized (by using generalized Benders decomposition) in order to enable the solution of nonlinear programming problems.
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    Mathematical programming 47 (1990), S. 175-201 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Optimization ; linear programming ; complexity ; polynomial time algorithms
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    Notes: Abstract We present an algorithm for linear programming which requires O(((m+n)n 2+(m+n)1.5 n)L) arithmetic operations wherem is the number of constraints, andn is the number of variables. Each operation is performed to a precision of O(L) bits.L is bounded by the number of bits in the input. The worst-case running time of the algorithm is better than that of Karmarkar's algorithm by a factor of $$\sqrt {m + n} $$ .
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    Mathematical programming 46 (1990), S. 85-103 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Semi-infinite linear programming ; generalized linear programming ; convex programming ; linear programming ; duality
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    Notes: Abstract We present an algorithm for solving a large class of semi-infinite linear programming problems. This algorithm has several advantages: it handles feasibility and optimality together; it has very weak restrictions on the constraints; it allows cuts that are not near the most violated cut; and it solves the primal and the dual problems simultaneously. We prove the convergence of this algorithm in two steps. First, we show that the algorithm can find anε-optimal solution after finitely many iterations. Then, we use this result to show that it can find an optimal solution in the limit. We also estimate how good anε-optimal solution is compared to an optimal solution and give an upper bound on the total number of iterations needed for finding anε-optimal solution under some assumptions. This algorithm is generalized to solve a class of nonlinear semi-infinite programming problems. Applications to convex programming are discussed.
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    Mathematical programming 46 (1990), S. 173-190 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Karmarkar's algorithm ; linear programming ; rate of convergence
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    Notes: Abstract The asymptotic behaviour of Karmarkar's method is studied and an estimate of the rate of the objective function value decrease is given. Two possible sources of numerical instability are discussed and a stabilizing procedure is proposed.
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    Mathematical programming 46 (1990), S. 259-271 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Scheduling ; parallel machines ; approximation algorithm ; worst case analysis ; linear programming ; integer programming ; rounding
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    Notes: Abstract We consider the following scheduling problem. There arem parallel machines andn independent jobs. Each job is to be assigned to one of the machines. The processing of jobj on machinei requires timep ij . The objective is to find a schedule that minimizes the makespan. Our main result is a polynomial algorithm which constructs a schedule that is guaranteed to be no longer than twice the optimum. We also present a polynomial approximation scheme for the case that the number of machines is fixed. Both approximation results are corollaries of a theorem about the relationship of a class of integer programming problems and their linear programming relaxations. In particular, we give a polynomial method to round the fractional extreme points of the linear program to integral points that nearly satisfy the constraints. In contrast to our main result, we prove that no polynomial algorithm can achieve a worst-case ratio less than 3/2 unlessP = NP. We finally obtain a complexity classification for all special cases with a fixed number of processing times.
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    Annals of mathematics and artificial intelligence 1 (1990), S. 189-205 
    ISSN: 1573-7470
    Keywords: Probabilistic logic ; reasoning about probabilities ; linear programming ; algorithms ; complexity
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    Notes: Abstract We continue our study, initiated in [9], of the following computational problem proposed by Nilsson: Several clauses (Boolean functions of several variables) are given, and for each clause the probability that the clause is true is specified. We are asked whether these probabilities are consistent. They are if there is a probability distribution on the truth assignments such that the probability of each clause is the measure of its satisfying set of assignments. Since this is a generalization of the satisfiability problem of predicate calculus, it is immediately NP-hard. In [9] we showed certain restricted cases of the problem to be NP-complete, and used the Ellipsoid Algorithm to show that a certain special case is in P. In this paper we use the Simplex method, column generation techniques, and variable-depth local search to derive an effective heuristic for the general problem. Experiments show that our heuristic performs successfully on instances with many dozens of variables and clauses. We also prove several interesting complexity results that answer open questions in [9] and motivate our approach.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 65 (1990), S. 29-40 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Constrained control ; optimal control ; linear programming ; perturbed systems
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of control in the presence of unknown but limited disturbance for a discrete-time linear system with polyhedral input and state bounds is investigated. Two problems are considered: that of reaching an assigned target set in the state space; and that of keeping the state in a given region using the available controls. In both cases, a solution is given via linear programming. A computational procedure for the control synthesis is proposed which can be implemented to obtain a feedback control.
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 34 (1990), S. 353-379 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: linear programming ; projective algorithms ; computation of descent directions ; polynomial complexity
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Lösung linearer Optimierungsaufgaben beschreiben und bewerten wir Abstiegsrichtungen bei projektiven Methoden in der Formulierung von de Ghellinck and Vial (1986). Es zeigt sich, daß bei Wahl von Suchrichtungen aus dem projizierten Simplex um 1 im transformierten Raum stets polynomiale Laufzeitabschätzungen gelten. Insbesondere die Projektion der 1 stimmt mit der von de Ghellinck and Vial (1986) gewählten Suchrichtung überein, die bekanntlich bei zulässiger Startlösung äquivalent zu Karmarkar's Suchrichtung ist. Nahe bei dieser Suchrichtung bleibt die Komplexität der Methode unverändert [0(nL) Iterationen], während im allgemeinen die Schranke 0(n2 ·L) gilt, wobeiL die Größe des Linearen Optimierungsproblemes beschreibt. Die Untersuchungen zielen nicht darauf ab, Schranken für den ungünstigsten Fall zu verbessern, sondern sollen die freie Wahl von Suchrichtungen aus einer großen Klasse „polynomialer“ Richtungen zulassen. Wir zeigen, wie man unterschiedliche Suchrichtungen innerhalb einer Iteration aus der Projektion der 1 mit relativ kleinem zusätzlichen Aufwand berechnen kann. In projektiven Methoden wird die Lineare Optimierungsaufgabe als einparametrisches Zulässigkeitsproblem reformuliert, wobei als Parameter die jeweils bekannte obere Schranke des Optimalwertes dient. Daher ist es sehr wichtig, diese Schranke bei jeder Gelegenheit zu verbessern. Durch Verallgemeinerung von Schranken aus de Ghellinck and Vial (1986) leiten wir einige Unzulässigkeitstests her. Insbesondere liefert jede berechnete Suchrichtung eine obere Schranke, die möglicherweise die bekannte obere Schranke verbessert. Alle Schranken können durch Lösung einer Reihe einfacher linearer und quadratischer Gleichungen berechnet werden.
    Notes: Abstract For solving linear programming problems, we describe and evaluate descent directions for projective methods in the setting of the method of de Ghellinck and Vial (1986). It is shown that choosing search directions from the projected simplex centered at 1 in transformed space guarantees a polynomial time bound. In particular, the projection of 1 coincides with the direction chosen by de Ghellinck and Vial (1986) which is well known to be equivalent to Karmarkar's search direction when the initial solution is feasible. Close to that search direction the complexity of the method is unchanged [0(nL) iterations] while in general the bound is 0(n2 ·L), whereL is the size of the linear programming problem. The investigations were not made in order to improve worst case bounds, but rather to enable a free choice of search directions from a quite large class of “polynomial” directions. We show how different directions can be computed in one iteration using the projection of 1 with relatively small extra computational effort. In projective methods linear programming is reformulated as one-parametric feasibility problem where the parameter is the currently known upper bound on the optimal value. It is therefore very important to improve that bound whenever possible. Generalizing bounds from de Ghellinck and Vial (1986) we prove some infeasibility criteria. In particular, any computed search direction yields some upper bound which eventually improves that currently used. All bounds can be computed by solving sets of simple linear and quadratic equations.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 65 (1990), S. 161-169 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Linear inequalities ; polyhedra ; linear programming ; Fourier elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The parametric solution of a linear system of inequalitiesAx≤Bb, with parameterb, is considered. Fourier elimination is used to give a facial representation for the set ofb-values for which the system is consistent. Some interesting applications of the problem are discussed. Although the worst case complexity of the method is an exponential function of the size ofA, the computations are intuitive and very simple.
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    Mathematical programming 43 (1989), S. 151-173 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Conical projection methods ; Karmarkar's LP algorithm ; linear programming ; poly-nomial-time algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Linear Programming Problem is manipulated to be stated as a Non-Linear Programming Problem in which Karmarkar's logarithmic potential function is minimized in the positive cone generated by the original feasible set. The resulting problem is then solved by a master algorithm that iteratively rescales the problem and calls an internal unconstrained non-linear programming algorithm. Several different procedures for the internal algorithm are proposed, giving priority either to the reduction of the potential function or of the actual cost. We show that Karmarkar's algorithm is equivalent to this method in the special case in which the internal algorithm is reduced to a single steepest descent iteration. All variants of the new algorithm have the same complexity as Karmarkar's method, but the amount of computation is reduced by the fact that only one projection matrix must be calculated for each call of the internal algorithm.
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    Mathematical programming 44 (1989), S. 27-41 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Interior-point methods ; linear programming ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; polynomial-time algorithms ; logarithmic barrier function ; path following
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We describe a primal-dual interior point algorithm for linear programming problems which requires a total of $$O\left( {\sqrt n L} \right)$$ number of iterations, whereL is the input size. Each iteration updates a penalty parameter and finds the Newton direction associated with the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker system of equations which characterizes a solution of the logarithmic barrier function problem. The algorithm is based on the path following idea.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 61 (1989), S. 487-491 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Multicriteria optimization ; linear programming ; insoluble problems
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This note concerns a method for analyzing insoluble multicriteria linear programming problems.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 62 (1989), S. 225-237 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Redundancy ; degeneracy ; linear constraints ; linear programming
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a degenerate extreme point strategy for active set algorithms which classify linear constraints as either redundant or necessary. The strategy makes use of an efficient method for classifying constraints active at degenerate extreme points. Numerical results indicate that significant savings in the computational effort required to classify the constraints can be achieved.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 63 (1989), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Inverse gravimetry problem ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract From the knowledge of the anomalies of the gravitational field, we reconstruct the mass density distribution in a large region of the state of Bahia (Brazil). This inverse gravimetry problem has been translated into a linear programming problem and solved using the simplex method. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models have been considered.
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    Mathematical programming 41 (1988), S. 317-325 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Parametric methods ; linear programming ; anti-cycling pivoting rules
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The traditional perturbation (or lexicographic) methods for resolving degeneracy in linear programming impose decision rules that eliminate ties in the simplex ratio rule and, therefore, restrict the choice of exiting basic variables. Bland's combinatorial pivoting rule also restricts the choice of exiting variables. Using ideas from parametric linear programming, we develop anticycling pivoting rules that do not limit the choice of exiting variables beyond the simplex ratio rule. That is, any variable that ties for the ratio rule can leave the basis. A similar approach gives pivoting rules for the dual simplex method that do not restrict the choice of entering variables.
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    Mathematical programming 42 (1988), S. 125-133 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Cycling ; degeneracy ; graph theory ; linear programming ; sensitivity analysis ; simplex method
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    Mathematical programming 40 (1988), S. 165-181 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Relaxation ; network ; integer programming ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The strategy of subdividing optimization problems into layers by splitting variables into multiple copies has proved useful as a method for inducing exploitable structure in a variety of applications, particularly those involving embedded pure and generalized networks. A framework is proposed in this paper which leads to new relaxation and restriction methods for linear and integer programming based on our extension of this strategy. This framework underscores the use of constructions that lead to stronger relaxations and more flexible strategies than previous applications. Our results establish the equivalence of all layered Lagrangeans formed by parameterizing the equal value requirement of copied variables for different choices of the principal layers. It is further shown that these Lagrangeans dominate traditional Lagrangeans based on incorporating non-principal layers into the objective function. In addition a means for exploiting the layered Lagrangeans is provided by generating subgradients based on a simple averaging calculation. Finally, we show how this new layering strategy can be augmented by an integrated relaxation/restriction procedure, and indicate variations that can be employed to particular advantage in a parallel processing environment. Preliminary computational results on fifteen real world zero-one personnel assignment problems, comparing two layering approaches with five procedures previously found best for those problems, are encouraging. One of the layering strategies tested dominated all non-layering procedures in terms of both quality and solution time.
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    Annals of operations research 14 (1988), S. 41-59 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Parallel algorithms ; SOR ; gradient projection ; linear programming ; linear complementarity problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A gradient projection successive overrelaxation (GP-SOR) algorithm is proposed for the solution of symmetric linear complementary problems and linear programs. A key distinguishing feature of this algorithm is that when appropriately parallelized, the relaxation factor interval (0, 2) isnot reduced. In a previously proposed parallel SOR scheme, the substantially reduced relaxation interval mandated by the coupling terms of the problem often led to slow convergence. The proposed parallel algorithm solves a general linear program by finding its least 2-norm solution. Efficiency of the algorithm is in the 50 to 100 percent range as demonstrated by computational results on the CRYSTAL token-ring multicomputer and the Sequent Balance 21000 multiprocessor.
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    Annals of operations research 14 (1988), S. 245-289 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: 90C27 ; 68Q15 ; 68Q25 ; 68Rxx ; Parallel computer ; computational complexity ; polylog parallel algorithm ; P-completeness ; sorting ; shortest paths ; minimum spanning tree ; matching ; maximum flow ; linear programming ; knapsack ; scheduling ; traveling salesman ; dynamic programming ; branch and bound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract This is a review of the literature on parallel computers and algorithms that is relevant for combinatorial optimization. We start by describing theoretical as well as realistic machine models for parallel computations. Next, we deal with the complexity theory for parallel computations and illustrate the resulting concepts by presenting a number of polylog parallel algorithms andP-completeness results. Finally, we discuss the use of parallelism in enumerative methods.
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    Mathematical programming 40 (1988), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Greedy algorithms ; series parallel graphs ; linear programming
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This note describes some sufficient conditions for the maximum or minimum of a weighted flow (the weights are on paths, and are derived from weights on the edges of the path), of given volume in a series parallel graph to be found by a greedy algorithm.
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    Mathematical programming 40 (1988), S. 183-195 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Karmarkar's method ; linear programming ; inexact projections
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Variants of Karmarkar's algorithm are given for solving linear programs with unknown optimal objective valuez *. These new methods combine the approach of Goldfarb and Mehrotra for relaxing the requirement that certain projections be computed exactly with the approach of Todd and Burrell for generating an improving sequence of lower bounds forz * using dual feasible solutions. These methods retain the polynomial-time complexity of Karmarkar's algorithm.
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    Mathematical programming 42 (1988), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Degeneracy ; dual infeasibility ; linear programming ; primal degeneracy ; simplex algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract The Revised Primal Simplex algorithm, in its simplest form, has no defence against degeneracy. Various forms of the perturbation method are usually effective, but most offer no guarantee of avoiding all degeneracy, and can lead to numerical difficulties. This paper presents a method that avoids cycling and circling by taking a dual approach. The degenerate subproblem consists of all the original variables, but only the degenerate transformed constraints. The current primal objective, which may be mixed, is used. This subproblem may be solved using the dual simplex algorithm, starting from the current dual infeasible solution, and with a zero dual objective. If the dual algorithm terminates optimally then the whole problem is optimal (subject to primal feasibility). Otherwise the final solution provides a non-basic direction which improves the value of the mixed primal objective and moves away from the degenerate vertex. A purification algorithm then renders the solution basic and further improves the mixed objective.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 55 (1987), S. 1-21 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Constrained nonsmooth convex programming ; penalty methods ; proximal methods ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An implementable algorithm for constrained nonsmooth convex programs is given. This algorithm combines exterior penalty methods with the proximal method. In the case of a linear program, the convergence is finite.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 54 (1987), S. 437-446 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Parallel algorithms ; linear programming ; complementarity problem ; successive overrelaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A parallel successive overrelaxation (SOR) method is proposed for the solution of the fundamental symmetric linear complementarity problem. Convergence is established under a relaxation factor which approaches the classical value of 2 for a loosely coupled problem. The parallel SOR approach is then applied to solve the symmetric linear complementarity problem associated with the least norm solution of a linear program.
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    Mathematical programming 35 (1986), S. 173-192 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Computational complexity ; average running time ; simplex algorithm ; linear programming ; linear complementarity problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We show that a particular pivoting algorithm, which we call the lexicographic Lemke algorithm, takes an expected number of steps that is bounded by a quadratic inn, when applied to a random linear complementarity problem of dimensionn. We present two probabilistic models, both requiring some nondegeneracy and sign-invariance properties. The second distribution is concerned with linear complementarity problems that arise from linear programming. In this case we give bounds that are quadratic in the smaller of the two dimensions of the linear programming problem, and independent of the larger. Similar results have been obtained by Adler and Megiddo.
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    Mathematical programming 35 (1986), S. 193-224 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Local improvement ; average performance of algorithms ; linear complementarity ; linear programming ; extremal set theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a general abstract model of local improvement, applicable to such diverse cases as principal pivoting methods for the linear complementarity problem and hill climbing in artificial intelligence. The model accurately predicts the behavior of the algorithms, and allows for a variety of probabilistic assumptions that permit degeneracy. Simulation indicates an approximately linear average number of iterations under a variety of probability assumptions. We derive theoretical bounds of 2en logn and en 2 for different distributions, respectively, as well as polynomial bounds for a broad class of probability distributions. We conclude with a discussion of the applications of the model to LCP and linear programming.
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    Annals of operations research 5 (1985), S. 599-612 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Microcomputers ; spreadsheets ; linear programming ; optimization ; software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the advantages of using spreadsheets for problem specification and report generation in optimization projects. It summarizes some of the mathematical programming software which is compatible with popular spreadsheets. A small production planning problem is used to illustrate the steps in input and processing of the results. Two programs are compared in detail.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 46 (1985), S. 55-66 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal value function ; linear programming ; sensitivity analysis ; parametric programming ; multiple-objective linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Often, the coefficients of a linear programming problem represent estimates of true values of data or are subject to systematic variations. In such cases, it is useful to perturb the original data and to either compute, estimate, or otherwise describe the values of the functionf which gives the optimal value of the linear program for each perturbation. If the right-hand derivative off at a chosen point exists and is calculated, then the values off in a neighborhood of that point can be estimated. However, if the optimal solution set of either the primal problem or the dual problem is unbounded, then this derivative may not exist. In this note, we show that, frequently, even if the primal problem or the dual problem has an unbounded optimal solution set, the nature of the values off at points near a given point can be investigated. To illustrate the potential utility of our results, their application to two types of problems is also explained.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 47 (1985), S. 349-368 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Respiratory physiology ; underdetermined linear systems ; least squares ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In recent literature, grossly underdetermined linear models have been developed for certain experimental techniques in respiratory physiology. Because physiologically sensible solutions of the models are reasonably assumed to be smooth, it is possible to recover such solutions using smoothed least-squares techniques. Bounds on the variability of smooth solutions satisfying the model can be generated using linear programming.
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