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  • Articles  (201,057)
  • 2010-2014  (125,952)
  • 1995-1999  (43,340)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location Patterns of High Growth Industries in Rural Counties (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The basic premise of this article is that the historic location determinants literature is unduly pessimistic regarding the economic prospects of rural areas. Most historic location research has treated rural areas as homogeneous regions. This study demonstrates that rural counties should be treated as differentiated sets of economic environments rather than as an aggregate. The locational potential of specific industries differs dramatically among differentiated rural regions. When examined in this way, a number of high-growth industries surface as having development potential under specified rural conditions. In addition this work raises serious questions about the adequacy of product life-cycle theory (Erickson 1976) and high-technology filtering-down theory (Glasmeier 1991) in identifying the variables critical to industrial location. This work indicates that neither small size nor remoteness is as limiting as suggested by earlier research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00158.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANNOUNCEMENTS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00161.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic and Deterministic Trends in State Economies (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Nonstationary behavior in regional economies must be recognized and categorized before activity indicators can be properly used in analyses. The nonstationary behavior of gross product by one-digit industry and personal income from all of the 50 states is examined. Tests to discriminate between stochastic and deterministic trends are pursued and the results indicate that the former dominate the latter. State-nation linkages in the presence of stochastic trends are explored and it is shown that stable, long-term relationships between nonstationary state and national outputs are rare at both the industry and aggregate levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00160.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The International Monetary System Since World War II (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00165.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Economics and Politics of Tax Increment Financing (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Tax Increment Financing (TIF) is a popular yet controversial tool that allows local governments to use property tax revenue to fund the public costs of economic development. Since TIF gives one local government the power to affect the tax bases of the overlapping jurisdictions, there is uncertainty and argument on the part of government officials and taxpayers as to who really finances the program. To evaluate the alternative contentions, this paper presents a general methodology that identifies which taxpayers in which locations fund the TIF's expenditures, and sets forward the conditions under which such a local economic development policy can be beneficial to taxpayers. The paper applies the model to study the TIF program currently active in downtown Des Moines, Iowa. The evidence indicates that the taxpayers in the entire metropolitan area subsidized the downtown activities in the early years, but now pay lower property tax rates due to the city's TIF-financed urban revitalization program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00163.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear Protective Action Advisories: A Policy Analysis and Evaluation (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Widespread spontaneous evacuation, the tendency for people to evacuate even when not advised to do so, has been highlighted as one of the likely behavioral responses to a nuclear power plant emergency. Utility company representatives contend that protective action advisories can be structured so as to stifle the magnitude and geographic extent of spontaneous evacuation. Data from a utility-company-sponsored telephone survey of households on Long Island, New York, where the Shoreham Nuclear Power Station is located, are used in this paper to test this proposition. Analyses of responses given to three sets of increasingly serious reactor accident scenarios, with and without information instructing people what protective actions to take, raise serious questions about the ability of emergency notification messages to affect human behavior in a radiological emergency. The results suggest firstly, that even if people me specifically advised not to evacuate, most would be inclined to do so; and secondly, that attempts to stifle the propensity to evacuate among those who are not at risk are likely to increase the propensity to stay behind among those who are at risk and should evacuate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00503.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure of Agricultural Unemployment in the United States (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines whether employment in agriculture is more sensitive to fluctuations in the level of economic activity than is employment in the economy as a whole. The analytical framework of the investigation rests on two functional relationships between unemployment and economic activity introduced by Thurow. The results indicate that agricultural unemployment is impacted by variations in economic activity to the same extent as is total unemployment. Finally, when subjected to a stability test, the underlying structural relationships are deemed to be stable over the sample period (1948-1988).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00492.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defense Impact Analysis Within a social Accounting Framework (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper uses a social accounting matrix (SAM) of the California economy to evaluate (1) industrial-occupational linkages associated with defense production, and (2) the relative impact of defense expenditures in a regional economy. Multipliers derived from the SAM are used to trace the distribution of wages and salaries payments from 24 industries to managerial, professional, skilled, and unskilled sectors of the labor force. Expenditures by federal defense and non-defense sectors and households are used to assess the relative impacts of defense spending in the overall regional economy. The results indicate that duality is prevalent in the regional labor market, with managerial and professional occupations receiving the greatest benefits from defense production. Overall impacts to the regional economy are less attributable to defense spending than non-defense and household sectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00496.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catch the Wave—Book Review Essay, Part 2 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article:Douglas E. Booth, Regional Long Waves, Uneven Growth, and the Cooperative Alternative.Nathan H. Mager, The Kondratieff Waves.Michael Marshall, Long Waves of Regwnal Development. Testing Competing Theories on Government Growth William D. Berry and David Lowery, Understanding United States Government Growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00498.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEWS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article:Economic Power and Human Capital Ray Marshall, Unheard Voices: Labor & Economic Policy in a Competitive World.Housing—Changes Ahead Leland S. Burns and Leo Grebler, The Future of Housing Markets: A New Appraisal.State Industrial Development Policy Norman Walzer and David E. Chicoine, eds., Financing Economic Development in the 1980's: Issues and Trends.Quality of Life in Suburbia Donald N. Rothblatt and Daniel J. Garr, Suburbia: An International Assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00767.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What About People in High Technology? Some Research and Policy Considerations (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: One of the fundamental aspects of “high technology” is its reliance on people. The high-tech context permits a reexamination of several elements of regional research and policy, including technical workers, entrepreneurship, the effect of new technology in the workplace, and the potential for public policies to address people-related issues. This paper suggests that an orientation toward people relates more accurately to the underlying processes, particularly those that focus on flows of people and information. Entrepreneurship, for example, depends critically on people and their social networks. Likewise, the level of technology in a region or nation is defined by the stock of knowledge and skills found within firms and people. A long-term perspective is necessary for public policies that address regional competitiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00489.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poverty and Income Transfer Policy at the State Level (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This note presents a method for developing data on poverty at the state level and applies it to produce estimates of state poverty for the mid-1980s. The findings are based on four alternative measures of poverty: the official one, pretransfer poverty, prewelfare poverty and pre-state-transfer poverty, a new measure especially useful for analyzing the impact of state transfer policies on poverty. The data are reported and then used to compare the antipoverty impact of states’income support policies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00502.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEWS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Reagan and Regulation Marshall R. Goodman and Margaret T. Wrightson, Managing Regulatory Reform: The Reagan Strategy and Its Impâct. The Good Life Boguslaw Galeski and Eugene Wilkening, eds., Family Farming in Europe and America.Alessandro Bonanno, Small Farm: Persistence with Legitimation. Progress of the Global Village William H. Dutton, Jay G. Blumler, and Kenneth L. Kraemer, eds. Allocating Resources J. S. Davis, P. A. Oram, and J. G. Ryan, Assessment of Agricultural Research Priorities: An International Perspective. Socialized Agriculture, Atomized Community Ildiko Vasary, Beyond the Plan: Social Change in a Hungarian Village. The Right Technology Frances Stewart, ed., Macro-Policies for Appropriate Technology in Developing Countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00505.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shift-Share Analysis: The International Dimension (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper extends the traditional shift-share model to incorporate international effects. While some industries compete nationally for markets, other compete internationally. For industries competing nationally, regional growth derives from regional superiority relative to the national economy. For those competing internationally, regional growth is tied to regional advantages from specialization and competitive advantage relative to the international economy. Building on the Esteban - Marquillas concept of homothetic employment, the international shift-share model identifies regional growth due to regional and national competitive advantage and regional and national specialization. We demonstrate that the international model retains the property of region to region additivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00497.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transitions of Poverty Amidst Employment Growth: Two Nonmetro case studies (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The theory behind employment growth as a strategy for lessening the poverty problem is based on a premise that job opportunities are inadequate. But during rapid employment growth in some nonmetropolitan areas of Kentucky and Georgia the effect on poverty has been limited. A large majority of poor households have no potential to leave poverty via employment since age, health, and other limiting factors among household members restrict entry into the work force. Also, for some the condition of being poor resulted not because they had never worked, but because they tended to have worked at marginal, low-wage jobs. Meanwhile, some jobs went unfilled because employers could not find persons who could meet the right requirements. This study shows that in these two areas, expanding employment opportunities did not significantly reduce the poverty problem. As the literature addressing the issue of the effects of employment growth on poverty is inconclusive and sometimes contradictory, clarification of how employment gains are distributed among local residents is essential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00762.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Change in Southern Manufacturing: Expansion in the Tennessee Valley (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Since the dollar began to decline on international markets in 1985, economic conditions have improved rapidly throughout the Tennessee Valley. The improvement was particularly strong in rural counties and in rural manufacturing. This paper finds the reasons for slow regional growth in the early 1980's were partly cyclical (and hard on the durable goods sector) and partly the strength of the dollar on international markets (which was hard on nondurables). The turnaround in the dollar since 1985 has provided welcome relief. There is little evidence of structural damage to the regional manufacturing base caused by the strong dollar, and manufacturing provides a secure foundation for further growth and development in the Tennessee Valley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00765.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canadian Investment in Northern New York: Impact of Exchange Rates on Foreign Direct Investment (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates the determinants of Canadian direct investment in Northern New York, focusing on the influence of changing foreign exchange rates. Hypotheses are formulated that new investment should be positively related to the value of the U.S. dollar while expansions of existing facilities ought to be unrelated to exchange rate movements. These predictions are supported by the data. Since Canadian investment is found to behave quite differently from domestic-source investment, we conclude that other factors besides exchange rates account for much of this difference.1
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00485.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conjoining Interindustry Linkages and Ownership Data: An Empirical Application (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Interest in the economic role of the large enterprise has led to numerous studies of economic dependency and regional economic health and performance. In this paper, an interindustry accounting framework is conjoined with Dun and Bradstreet corporate ownership data to provide a fresh perspective on the effects of external economic ownership. The aggregate level measurement method is applied to fifteen multicounty regions in the state of Illinois, and reveals considerable variation in the measures generated. High regional dependence measures are directly related to employment stability and inversely related to employment growth.Although interindustry accounts have been used most commonly in economic impacts assessment and forecasting, a broader range of potential applications lies in their use as descriptive and explanatory measurement tools. This paper addresses the external ownership issue at the macrolevel by testing the relationship between measures of input-output dependence and indices of regional employment growth and stability, and demonstrates, in the process, a non-conventional use of interindustry data. The conjoining of interindustry data and the Dun and Bradstreet data produces a unique set of measures of regional economic structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1989.tb00487.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Marginal Costs and Cost Savings from Economies of Scale in Municipal Waste Treatment: An Application to the Chesapeake Bay Region (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Marginal costs of removing effluent from waste treatment facilities are defined under different assumptions about regulatory policies. Marginal costs are different under a policy of uniform treatment for all plants compared to a least-cost policy, where different plants treat at different levels. The cost savings under these alternative policies are compared for river basins of the Chesapeake Bay when there are economies of scale in treatment costs. Current regulations for treatment plants in the Bay, which are not entirely uniform, are also compared to both the uniform and least-cost solutions. The potential savings from a least-cost policy are substantial for some basins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00479.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Spatial Impact of Reaganomics: A Test of Six Models (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Recent analyses of the Reagan budget reallocations suggest that the spatial distribution of public expenditures among the American states have undergone a major change. What remains unclear, however, is why the Reagan budget reallocations generated these clearly defined spatial effects. In trying to answer this question, we identify five explanations of the spatial impacts, explanations focusing on electoral, partisan, wealth, urban-rural, and expenditure base effects. Along with controls for regional effects, these explanations are tested by OLS regression analysis of data on the state allocations of federal expenditures from the last Carter to the first Reagan budgets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00482.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changing Patterns of Migration and Regional Economic Growth in the U.S.: A Demographic Perspective (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: During the 1970s and early 1980s, the South and West Census regions accounted for over 90 percent of incremental national population, which was easily the highest percentage accounted for by these regions in the nation's history. This paper stresses the importance of powerful demographic forces that contributed to the regional shift, but it does not ignore important economic factors. A major theme of the paper is that because the baby boom has now largely matured out of the most mobile age classes, population and employment growth differentials that strongly favored the South and West will moderate in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00483.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Business Location in the United States (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This article empirically examines whether variations in state environmental regulations have affected the location of manufacturing branch plants by the Fortune 500 companies. Using several measures of environmental regulation, no statistically significant effects of environmental regulation on business location are found. For most manufacturing industries, the estimates are precise enough to rule out the possibility of large effects of environmental regulation on business location. For highly polluting industries, however, the variance in the estimates is quite large. We cannot rule out the possibility of effects of environmental regulation on the location of highly polluting industries that are large enough to be important to policymakers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00473.x
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  • 23
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    Effects of Transfers on Remote Regional Economies: The Transfer Economy in Rural Alaska (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper we examine the effects of transfers on the economies of remote regions. A model which describes the consequences of different types of transfers on settlement patterns is developed. The growth of the transfer economy in rural Alaska and its effect on population and income is reviewed. We find that transfer programs in remote regions may have consequences far broader than their original intent. While the programs may improve the standard of living for regional residents, they may also lead to inefficient settlement patterns, increasing dependence on transfers, and a higher cost of eventual adjustment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00467.x
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  • 24
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    THE CORPORATE ROLE OF LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE UNITED STATES (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This study has three purposes. The first is to determine, for the 30 largest U.S. metropolitan areas in 1980. the relationship among population size, the number of major corporations headquartered in these centers, and the number of subsidiaries located there. The expectation is that there will be positive relationships in all cases. Second, this study, based on variations in the relationships examined above, sets forth a corporate classification of the 30 metropolitan areas and identifies common characteristics and locations among six categories of centers. Finally, using the six-fold classification of centers, metropolitan employment growth between 1980 and 1986 is analyzed, especially job growth in services and in finance, insurance, and real estate (FIRE). The six-fold classification proves useful in understanding employment growth in these 30 centers during the 1980s and, with modifications, perhaps beyond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00470.x
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  • 25
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    Book Reviews (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Changing Commodity Regulation Jerry W. Markham, The History of Commodity Futures Trading and Its Regulation. Sitte and Cities George R. Collins and Christine Crasemann Collins, Camillo Sitte: The Birth of Modern City Planning with a Translation of the 1889 Austrian Edition of his City Planning According to Artistic Principles. Suburbs Here and Abroad Donald N. Rothblatt and Daniel J. Garr, Suburbia, an Znternutional Assessment. New Approaches to Development Inderjit Singh, Lyn Squire, and John Strauss, eds. Is the U.S. Economy All Right? F. Stevens Redburn, Terry F. Buss, and Larry C. Ledebur, eds. Revitalizing the U.S. Economy. A Success Story John R. Westley, Agriculture and Equitable Growth Mathematical Land Rent Models James B. Kau, C.F. Lee, and C.F. Sirmans, Urban Econometrics: A Wealth of Valuable Information F. Larry Leistritz and Brenda L. Ekstrom, Social Impact Assessment and Management
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00471.x
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  • 26
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    Economic Heterogeneity Within Large Metropolitan Areas (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Recent research has indicated that individual income distribution in the United States has tended toward greater inequality in recent years. Hypotheses are presented on the expected effect of that trend on suburban municipalities within large metropolitan areas. One major expectation is that the distribution of per capita incomes among the municipalities will be found to bifurcate. A methodology that rests on a graphical depiction of income and a revision of the famous Pearson plane is used to identify trends. Results indicate that the long term trend (at least since 1960) toward income homogeneity came to a halt by 1979 and began to reverse itself in the early 1980s, although bimodal distributions of income are not yet (1983) in evidence. Rapidly growing and rich communities are tending toward greater internal income homogeneity.
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    A Cartographic Analysis of Water Development Referenda in Texas, 1957-85 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: State-level financial assistance programs for water projects are expected to become more important as federal funding levels drop and mechanisms change. In some western states such as Texas and California, constitutional restrictions are placed on tax and spending limits and the issuance of general obligation bonds to finance projects is subject to voter approval through a referendum process. Seven water-related referenda have been held in Texas between 1957 and 1985. Election results indicate that through 1968 voters from across the state supported the concept of state-level financial assistance for water projects and ratified three consecutive referenda, thus establishing the Water Development Fund and its $400 million authorization limit. Between 1969 and 1981, three amendments intended to increase authorization and expand the Fund's scope were defeated in elections that exhibited a regionalized voting pattern between East and West Texas voters. In 1985, this cleavage was not evident and the Water Development Fund was increased by an additional $980 million. These shifts reflect changes in voter perceptions of the state's water development policy and coincide with release of the 1968 and 1984 versions of the Texas Water Plan. The Texas experience, which is particularly relevant to California, could also be useful to other states considering similar state-level financial programs that would require voter approval.
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    The Labor Market Impacts of Post-school Occupational Training for Young Men (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The period 1966 to 1976 was a decade of change, contrast and challenge. In this article a model is developed and estimated contrasting the labor market experiences of young men who participated in post-school occupational training during this period with those young men who did not participate. Participation in post-school forms of occupational training is identified as a significant contributor to individual labor market success during the period and racial differences in returns to training participation are highlighted. The results prompt questions concerning the direction of current federal training policy.
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    Human Capital Stock and Flow and Economic Growth Analysis: Note (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Human capital is becoming recognized as an increasingly important factor in rural economic development. Economic research, however, has not provided clear empirical support of the relationship between human capital investment and economic growth. This paper applies stock and flow concepts to human capital and suggests an operational approach for applying stock and flow concepts to the analysis of the impact of human capital investments through education on economic growth.
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    State Lottery Sales: Separating the Influence of Markets and Game Structure (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: State lotteries are the fiscal gimmick for the 1980s, receiving widespread popular and legislative approval. Unfortunately, the impact of structural and external influences on lottery sales is not well understood. This analysis sheds light on these influences, demonstrating that state economic activity, age of the game, interstate lottery competition, and game portfolios significantly affect sale and, consequently, benefit to the state.
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    Book Reviews (1988)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Vintage Wine James M . Buchanan, Liberty, Market and State: New Trade Outlook James J. Emery, Norman A. Graham, and Michael F. Oppenheimer An Interdisciplinary Approach Allan Schnaiberg, Nicolas Watts, and Klaus Zimmermann, eds. Small-Scale Farming Gerald G. Marten, ed. Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia: A Human Ecology Perspective. Technological Advancement Nathan Rosenberg and Claudio Frischtak, eds. Dividing up the Oil Walter J. Mead, Asbjorn Moseidjord, Dennis D. Muraoka, and Philip E. Sorensen A Substantial Work Herman Van der Wee, Prosperity and Upheaval: The World Economy 1945-1980. Development: Red, Blue, or Green? Herb Addo, et al. eds., Development as Social Transformation: Reflections on the Global Problematique. The European Experience Graham Hall, ed., European Industrial Policy. Urban Homesteading David P. Varady, Neighborhood Upgrading Assessment and Future Directions Martin Fransman, Technology and Economic Development. Technology, Economics, Energy Norman K. Whittlesey, ed., Energy and Water Management in Western Irrigated Agriculture. Israeli Enigma S.N. Eisenstadt, The Transformation of Israeli Society: An Essay in Interpretation.
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    Land Value Taxation and New Housing Development in Pittsburgh (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Incentive and liquidity effects of Pittsburgh's land value tax system are hypothesized to encourage new housing development. To test this hypothesis, an econometric model is estimated using building permit data for the dependent variable and tax rates and other determinants of new housing demand and supply for the independent variables. For the case of new housing, it is shown that the incentive effect is significant but the liquidity effect is not. The incentive effect is found to encourage increases in the number of new units constructed in Pittsburgh rather than increases in the average cost of new units.
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    Corporate-Merger-Defined Core-Periphery Relations for the United States (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A modified core-periphery model of economic spatial relations is tested by an examination of U.S. corporate merger behavior from 1955 to 1980. A core, a number of semicores, semipheripheries, and a periphery describe the merger-defined relationships between states and SMSAs. The core-periphery structure is not stable across time and is related to the merger cycle.
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    Employment Multipliers and Functional Types of Communities: Effects of Public Transfer Payments (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The Arizona Community Data Set (ACDS) now contains the results of 40 separate establishment-level, community-wide surveys. These communities can be classified into different functional types, and OLS regression models can be used to explore the relationships among community functions, levels of public transfer payments, and magnitudes of economic base multipliers. The statistical analysis suggests that employment-derived estimates of the base multiplier tend to be biased upward unless transfer payments are specified in the model.
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    Integrated Economic-Environmental-Policy Modeling at the Regional and Multiregional Level: Methodological Characteristics and Issues (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 17 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    The Deductibility of State and Local Taxes: Impact Effects by State and Income Class (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 17 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Effects of Federal Economic Development Programs (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 17 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Book Reviews (1986)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Geographia's Quest Peter Gould. The Geographer at Work. London Whither the Welfare State? S. N. Eisenstadt and Ora Ahimeir, eds. The Welfare State and Its Aftermath. Away from Stereotypes: Appalachia Karl B. Raitz and Richard Ulack with Thomas R. Leinbach. Appalachia: A Regional Geography Land People and Development. Production Sharing and Distribution of Benefits Joseph Grunwald and Kenneth Flamm. The Global Factory: Foreign Assembly in International Trade. Planning and Embedded Values Martin Wachs, ed. Ethics in Planning. Approaches to Urban Development Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development. Cities and Self-Reliance Paul R. Porter and David C. Sweet, eds. Rebuilding America's Cities: Roads to Recovery. Sir Arthur's Careful Consideration W. Arthur Lewis. Racial Conflict and Economic Development. Keeping the Soil Where We Want It Edwin H. Clark II, Jennifer A. Haverkamp, and William Chapman. Eroding Soils: The Off-Farm Impacts. Should Workers Buy the Factory? Raymond Russell. Sharing Ownership in the Workplace. Aspects of Chinese Urbanization R. J. R. Kirkby. Urbanization in China: Town and Country in a Developing Economy 1949–2000 A.D. Centralization or Multiple Jurisdictions? David L. Chicoine and Norman Walzer. Governmental Structure and Local Public Finance.Book Review Essay: The Dual Gaps of Development Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. The Gap betweeen Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectivies on the Political Economy of Development.
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    The Combination of Banking and Insurance (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Congestion Measures for Local Public Goods in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Cities (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    The Hidden Dynamic in the Growth of Frontier Regions (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Quality of Life in Illinois Counties (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Economic Impacts of Private Reinvestment in Older Regional Shopping Centers (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Joint Venture Activity Patterns Of U.S. Firms, 1972–1979 (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    The California Case The Interindustry Effects of Tax and Expenditure Limitations (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    STATE AND REGIONAL IMPACT OF THE 1981–82 RECESSION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    State and Local Tax Burdens across the Fifty States (1985)
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    Migration Efficiency Ratios and the Optimal Distribution of Population (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Modeling Firms' Locational Choices and Core-Periphery Growth (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Reform Motor Carrier Service to Small Communities (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    The Grapevine (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Regional Input-Output Inverse Coefficients Adjusted from National Tables (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    Estimating Amenity Values of Urban Fringe Farmland: A Contingent Valuation Approach: Note (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 17 (1986), S. 0 
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    Book Reviews (1986)
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Measuring Poverty John W. Mellor and Gunvant M. Desai, Agricultural Change and Rural Poverty: Variations on a Theme. Third World Cities Robert B. Potter. Urbanisation and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation. Urban Economics for the Practitioner John M. Levy. Urban and Metropolitan Economics. Perspectives on Europe George Demko, ed., Regional Development: Problems and Policies in Eastern and Western Europe. Southern Land Use Robert G. Healy, Competition for Land in the American South: Agriculture, Human Settlement, and the Environment. Change in the United Kingdom A. Amin and J. Goddard, eds., Technological Change, Industrial Restructuring, and Regional Development. A Look at Marketing Boards Kwame Arhin, Paul Hesp, and Laurens van der Laan, eds., Marketing Boards in Tropical Africa. A Significant Step Ann Roell Markusen, Profit Cyucle, Oligopoly, and Regional Development. Steering Group Study Catherine Stirling and John N. Yockelson, eds., Under Pressure: U.S. Industry and the Challenges of Structural Adjustment.
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    Book Reviews (1985)
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    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Cleveland's Experience
 Todd Swanstrom, The Crisis of Growth Politics: Cleveland, Kucinich, and the Challenge of Urban Populism.Jobs and the Young
 Michael E. Borus, ed., Youth and the Labor Market: Analyses of the National Longitudinal Survey.Fuel for Thought
 Jonathan Bradshaw and Toby Harris, eds., Energy and Social Policy.Difficult Choices
 Roy Bahl, Financing State and Local Government in the 1980's.A Different Drummer?
 The World Bank, Tribal Peoples and Economic Development.
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    A Study of Reswitching in the Western Coal Lands Some Implications of Delayed Environmental Costs for Benefit Cost Analysis (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 16 (1985), S. 0 
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    A Unifying View of Greenbelt Influences on Regional Land Values and Implications for Regional Planning Policy (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Restructuring and Well-Being in the Non-Metropolitan Pacific Northwest (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper shows how social and economic change impact well-being in Pacific Northwest counties from 1970–1990. Economic and social well-being, measured as income growth and low income inequality, are modeled using net migration data and measures of social and economic restructuring. In the 1970s there is an inverse relationship between population growth and income growth, while during both decades the retail sector contributes to income growth. Amenity or urban-adjacent counties show the most growth, in both population and employment, but also have the greatest income inequality. Several factors contributing to income growth also contribute to greater income inequality. Migration flows for each decade also illustrate the associations between restructuring, well-being, and population growth. Populations in counties with net out-migration over both decades are aging, but show greater income growth and lower inequality in the 1970s followed by lower income growth in the 1980s. Net in-migration over both decades is associated with lower income growth and greater inequality in the 1970s, but these counties are substantially better off economically in the 1980s and they maintain a balanced age structure through migration of different age cohorts over the two decades. This research provides needed work on the connections between social and economic change in the context of the Pacific Northwest.
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    Book Reviews (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed: The Work of Cities, by Susan E. Clarke and Gary L. Gaile Reconstructing the Regional Economy: Industrial Transformation and Regional Development in Slovakia, by AdrianSmith The Associational Economy: Firms, Regions, and Innovation, byPhilip Cooke and Kevin Morgan Reconstructing Chinatown, by Jan Lin
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00115
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    The Influence of Industrial and Spatial Structure onCanada-U.S. Regional Trade (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Data on trade flows between states and provinces in the year 1992 are analyzed in order to explore the regional structure of Canada–U.S.trade. An index of integration based on the these data shows significant variation in levels of interdependence across pairs of regions on opposite sides of the border. Most of this variation appears to stem from patterns of intermediate goods trade. Further analysis is conducted to distinguish between pairs of regions with similar industrial structures which are highly integrated due to intra-industry trade and pairs with complementary industrial structures that are highly integrated due to inter-industry trade. The friction of distance appears to play a major role in distinguishing between these two types of relationships. Specifically, trade can be quite strong between regions with similar industrial structures, but this trade tends to be limited to regions in close geographic proximity. As the distance between regions increases, trade based on different but complementary industrial structures becomes increasingly dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00103
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    Innovation Prone and Innovation Averse Societies: Economic Performance in Europe (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Although it is commonly accepted that investing in technology and research and development (R&D) is a basic catalyst for the genesis of economic activity, there is less consensus on the spatial significance and returns of the R&D effort for regional and local economies. It is often argued that innovation resulting from allocating local resources to R&D is likely to spill over to other areas, especially in the framework of open national economies. Hence, the incentive to free-ride increases at the subnational level. This paper shows, however, that in the Western European regional context, regions with higher resources devoted to R&D tend to grow at a greater pace than the remaining spaces. Nevertheless, the passage from R&D to innovation and growth is not achieved in a similar way across Europe. Local social conditions play an important role in the formation of what can be defined as ‘innovation prone’ and ‘innovation averse’ societies. Innovation prone regions are those featured by a weak social filter, which facilitates the transformation of innovation into growth. Conversely, regions burdened by rigid labor markets, shortage of skills, outward migration of able individuals, and an aging of the workforce are less prone to assimilate innovation and to transform it into economic activity. They make up the innovation averse societies in Europe.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00105
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    Do Development Impact Fees Reduce the Rate of Residential Development? (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Over the last twenty-five years local governments in the United States and Canada have increasingly used impact fees and other development exactions as methods of financing capital and infrastructure requirements mandated by residential growth. While several studies have examined the effects of impact fees on housing and land prices, rigorous empirical analysis of their effects on residential development is lacking. In this paper a sample of all municipalities in DuPage County, Illinois from 1977 through 1992 is used to examine the effects of impact fees on the rate of residential development. The empirical results show that impact fees reduce rates of residential development by more than 25 percent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1998.tb00026.x
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    Trade, Wage Inequalities and Disparities between Countries: The Technology Connection (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper takes seriously the idea that international trade has played an important role in explaining both some convergence between developed economies as well as rising inequalities at the personal level. Previous studies used traditional trade theory as a reference framework. The empirical consensus is now that differences in factor endowment explain at best a small fraction of rising wage inequalities. This argument, by contrast, builds on labor specialization and increasing returns. Deeper economic integration allows trade in differentiated intermediate goods and primary tasks, thus transforming local increasing returns into global increasing returns. This pushes towards geographical equalization. At the same time, deeper integration also increases the size of the pool of available skilled workers. This may lead them to a‘technological secession’as it makes more skill-demanding technologies more profitable. Technological secession in turn fosters wage inequalities at the personal level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1999.tb00041.x
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    State Infrastructure and the Geography of Employment (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The effects of state public capital investment on economic growth is an important question that has been the focus of a recent substantial research effort. But the majority of this research has ignored these investments’influence on the intra-state pattern of economic activity. Yet if external agglomeration economies are important determinants of growth, then investments may indirectly affect growth by fostering or discouraging agglomeration. This paper discusses the effect of state infrastructure investments on the distribution of employment within states and the implications of these spatial effects for aggregate state employment growth. Preliminary empirical results suggest that state infrastructure investments tend to redistribute growth from areas of dense employment to other parts of the state. This redistribution may diminish agglomeration benefits offered by cities, which has the potential to reduce state growth. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications of the work for research and policy.
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    Labor Shock and the Diversity of Transnational Corporate Strategy in Export Processing Zones (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This article examines diverse transnational corporations’(TNC) strategies in response to labor shock and specific conditions that enhance TNCs’local embedding in export processing zones (EPZs). The goal of this paper is to understand the rationale behind TNCs’choice between spatial differentiation (mobility) and spatial fmity (immobility). Based on field research and data analysis from the Masan Free Export Zone (MAFEZ) in South Korea, it is argued that TNCs do not always withdraw from EPZs in reaction to wage costs and growing labor militancy. Higher labor costs can be overridden by other advantages: existing physicalkocial inhstructure, tax benefits, fured assets, localized labor skills and technology, cultural proximity, and advantages from geographical proximity to market, raw materials, and TNCs’headquarters. This paper criticizes the overly simplistic view of capital mobility. However, TNCs that choose to remain in the EPZs use both upgrading and cheapening strategies, and their remaining does not necessarily result in upgrading labor skills or improving labor conditions. This article raises a critical question of the firm-centered view of the global enterprise literature and the local embeddedness literature of TNCs on workers’welfare. It emphasizes the important role of firms and of unions in training workers for purposes of technology and skill upgrading.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1999.tb00034.x
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    Spatial and Temporal Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Trends in Income Inequality (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Overall total inequality for state per capita personal income as well as total inequality for nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas are examined for the period 1969 to 1995. In each case, the total inequality was partitioned into between-and within-region variations. Statistical testing shows no perceptible differences between the major categories, nonmetropolitan and metropolitan. Further, this study uses a model to test for narrowing of income gaps within these categories. It was found that for both nonmetropolitan and metropolitan, a general trend toward equality was evidenced during the early 1970s decade. In that decade, the nonmetropolitan areas’incomes approached the metropolitan areas’incomes but showed significant divergences in the 1980s, followed again by a narrowing of the gaps in the 1990s.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1999.tb00037.x
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    Spatial Industrial Dynamics in Sweden: Urban Growth Industries (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper two basic theories within spatial industrial dynamics—the filtering-down theory and the spatial product cycle theory—are used to explain processes of spatial decentralization and centralization of economic activities. In particular, a case is made for the idea that employment decentralization should be expected not only for growing and maturing manufacturing industries but also for growing and maturing service industries. Based upon this theoretical framework the empirical part of the paper analysis the spatial behavior during the period 1980 to 1993 of the employment in a group of 19 industries in Sweden—the so-called urban growth industries—with an expected high potential for employment decentralization. Most of the industries exhibited the expected pattern of employment decentralization with the larger medium-sized regions as the main winners. A shift-share analysis shows that the overall magnitudes of the competitive shift components are rather small and that, hence, Sweden during the period 1980–1993 did not experience a drastic change in the spatial distribution of its urban growth industries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00110
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    Determinants of Residential Satisfaction: Ordered Logit vs. Regression Models (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Residential satisfaction is not only an important component of individuals' quality of life but also determines the way they respond to residential environment. An understanding of the factors that facilitate a satisfied or dissatisfied response can play a critical part in making successful housing policies. This study reinvestigates the effects of housing, neighborhood, and household characteristics on individuals' satisfaction with both dwelling and neighborhood, in order to reconcile the inconsistencies in the previous research. The empirical analysis uses data drawn from the American Housing Survey (AHS) and ordered logit models (OLM). OLM is more appropriate than the widely-used regression technique in such analysis due to the ordinal nature of the dependent variables representing satisfaction. The results show that residential satisfaction is a complex construct, affected by a variety of environmental and socio-demographic variables. While the actual effects of the variables by and large confirm earlier findings in the literature, significant differences between the results from the OLM and regression models were found. This indicates that regression models should be used with caution and their results accepted with a grain of salt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00113
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    Multipliers in a Central Place Hierarchy (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Open economy multipliers, at the community level, capture only a portion of the system-wide impact of changes in local autonomous spending. Multiplier effects for the central place system will include the community-specific multiplier, where the autonomous expenditure was initiated, plus all of the cross-community multiplier effects generated through linkages among communities in the hierarchy. Import leakages, in the form of shopping at higher levels, result in “filtering up” of expenditure increases initiated at lower levels of the system.In an earlier paper (Olfert and Stabler 1994), community-level multipliers for a central place system in the Great Plains were estimated. In this paper, the distribution of direct and induced spending, resulting from autonomous spending increases initiated at particular levels of a central place hierarchy, is derived and empirically estimated over all levels of the hierarchy. Building on (1) own-community level multipliers, (2) an exhaustive set of cross-community multipliers are derived and empirically estimated. The combination of own- and cross-community multipliers produces (3) system-wide multipliers that show the system-wide impact of spending initiated at any level in the hierarchy. Finally, (4) level-specific impact multipliers resulting from autonomous spending originating at any (every) level in the system are calculated.Results indicate that the induced impact of autonomous expenditure increases anywhere in the system will be the greatest at the top of the hierarchy, that autonomous increases at higher levels have a larger local impact than they do at lower levels, and that equal expenditure increases across the hierarchy will have a disproportionate impact at the top of the hierarchy, as well, dueto a combination of higher own-community multipliers and spending up the hierarchy by residents of lower level centers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00114
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    Investment in Infrastructure as Determinant of Metropolitan Productivity (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Utilizing newly assembled data on per capita metropolitan investments from the Census of Governments - Finance Statistics, this paper assesses the effects of local (i.e., non-state and non-federal) government investments in public capital on metropolitan factor productivity. Differences in productivity across metropolitan areas are modeled as a Hicks-neutral production function shifter, and the analysis covers 261 metropolitan areas of the United States for the period 1977 to 1992. These findings indicate that there is no significant relationship between levels of public capital investments and the levels of metropolitan productivity for the periods 1977, 1982, 1987, and 1992; however, a positive and significant relationship is found between the growth rate of local government investments in public capital and the growth rate of metropolitan productivity for the fifteen-year period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00106
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    Specialization in a Declining Industrial District (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 28 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Although flexible specialization is regarded as one of the hallmarks of industrial districts, its consequences for firm performance have not attracted much empirical attention. Using event-history data on a complete population of textile-clothing firms in Baden-Württemberg in the Reutlingen (Germany) district from 1946 to 1993, this paper tests the proposition that specialized firms have a survival advantage over more integrated firms. Logistic regression models of failure probabilities show that, contrary to predictions derived from the district model, horizontally and vertically integrated firms have outlived more specialized firms. This study demonstrates the importance of dynamic research designs that incorporate information on strategic differences in a complete population of district firms, observed over an extended time frame.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00068
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    Nuclear Power Plants and Residential Housing Prices (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 28 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Nuclear power plants can theoretically influence property values through a number of different channels. The public perception of risk associated with the potential hazard from the operation of a nuclear reactor and the storage of nuclear waste may lead to lower bids on properties in close proximity to the plant. In contrast, workers at the plant may be less concerned with any potential hazards, and may actually value being in proximity to the workplace. Hence, one cannot a priori sign the distance gradient of homes in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant. In this study, a hedonic model coupled with geographic information system (GIS) techniques is used to estimate housing price surfaces around two nuclear power plants in California. The use of GIS software allows more potential influences to housing prices to be accurately incorporated than previously included in hedonic studies. Based on the evidence from the plants chosen, these findings do not support the contention that negative imagery surrounding nuclear power plants or stored nuclear waste has a significant detrimental influence on residential home prices in the immediate vicinity of these facilities.
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    Persistent Differences in Well-Being Between Appalachian Subregions (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Previously it was reported that regional variations in well-being (poverty, per capita income, and family income) among Appalachian counties did not originate from regional variations in urbanization, but from regional differences in well-being among nonmetropolitan counties. It was argued that southern Appalachian counties had higher levels of well-being at the end of the 1980s because nonmetropolian counties in southern Appalachia experienced greater economic growth during the 1980s than did nonmetropolitan counties in other Appalachian regions. In this paper these data are reanalyzed to test to what extent the original findings are affected by the presence (and failure to control) spatial autocorrelation. Using a spatial lag model it is shown that correcting for spatial autocorrelation statistically altered the original results. However, substantively, the conclusions from the original analysis did not change: regional differences in county well-being in Appalachia are largely the product of regional differences among nonmetropolitan counties, even after correcting the model for spatial autocorrelation.
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    Spatial Diffusion of Management Practices in Urban and Rural Areas (1998)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Data on production and management practices across firms are scarce.Therefore studies of rural and urban industrial development have usually abstracted from this issue or have invoked product cycle theory to explain comparative urban and rural productive ingenuity. Several qualitative studies of rural production have contradicted the product cycle hypotheses, but attempts to generalize these results have not succeeded. An attempt is made here to test the product cycle explanation of industrial location using the registry of firms with ISO 9000 certification in nine southern states. These data suggest a bifurcation of rural counties. Urban and rural counties containing certified firms have been much more likely to increase the number of such firms, but in those counties without certified firms the probability of new certified firms has declined
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00090
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    Banking Employment in the 1990s: Regional Effects of Consolidation (1998)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The effects of consolidation in the banking sector on employment are analyzed using data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's Statistics on Banking. Previous efficiency studies of consolidation find that there is no relationship between consolidation and non-interest expenses (a proxy for employment). This study finds a negative relationship between consolidation and employment. It also finds no positive employment effects in states that were net beneficiaries of the savings and loan (S&L) bailout.
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    Improving Local Manufacturing Employment Forecasts Using Cointegration Analysis (1998)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Procedures for tracking and forecasting economic conditions in regional economies have evolved significantly over the last 30 years. Much of this evolution has followed developments in macroeconomics, where techniques for tracking/forecasting key economic variables have tended to originate. This technique adoption and adaptation process continues today, as developments in the technique adoption and adaptation process continues today, as developments in the modeling of cointegrated macroeconomic time series have begun to appear in the regional modeling and forecasting literature. This paper presents an effort at modeling a segment of a regional economy using the cointegration testing procedures suggested by Johansen and Jusilius (1990) to develop a forecasting model for manufacturing employment in Milwaukee, WI. The paper demonstrates how Vector Error Correction (VEC) modeling can lead to gains in the accuracy of local manufacturing employment forecasts relative to more traditional VAR models in either levels or first-differenced form. In the process, it demonstrates procedures for developing a relatively simple VEC model that reveals something about the structure of the local manufacturing sector, including possible linkages to the national economy. This information can assist local policy makers in anticipating and adapting to business cycle-related fluctuations in this critical sector of the local economy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00082
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    The Impact of an Identical Demand Shock on Two Cities (1998)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: It is generally agreed that in a larger, more diversified, economy, leakages are weaker, and multipliers, greater. But how great are the differences? And how significant are the effects of diversity, relative to other factors? These questions are examined using two applied general equilibrium models, one for the Quebec metropolitan area, and the other for the Montreal area. Both models, identical in format, were calibrated from regional social accounting matrices based on the same methods and data sources. By simulating the economic impact of identical exogenous shocks on each of the two economies, it was possible to quantify the differences in the values of the multipliers: they are quite variable, ranging from 8 percent to 33 percent when induced consumption effects are taken into account, and from 2 percent to 27 percent otherwise. In general, differences are smaller for demand shocks that include a substantial fraction of direct labor and other factor income. Controlled simulation experiments show that neither the share of income paid to resident households, nor the households’ propensities to consume seem to play a critical role. So it appears likely that the key factor is indeed size and the diversity of productive capacities, as it is reflected in local suppliers’ market shares.
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    Convergence Amid Divergence in a Region (1998)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The convergence hypothesis from neoclassical growth theory is examined for per capita incomes of counties within a large subnational region, the Great Plans. Convergence of the β and σ varieties are considered. The former describes the tendency for economies with low per capita incomes in an initial period to grow faster than those with higher incomes. The latter describes the tendency for the dispersion of incomes to fall over time and eventually stabilize. Total per capita incomes across the region show a β convergence speed over the past quarter century roughly equal to that found for activity measures in previous analyses of nation groups, continental regions, and states of the U.S. As concerns σ convergence, the dispersion of total per capita incomes in the region stabilized during the past decade. However, when transfer payments and dividends, interest, and rents are deducted from income, β convergence speeds drop markedly and the dispersion of incomes rises over the study period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00076
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    Book Reviews (1998)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Schoenberger, Erica, The Cultural Crisis of the FirmMacDonald, Gordon J.; Nielson, Daniel L. and Stern, Marc A., Latin American Environmental Policy in International PerspectiveWilliams, Colin C., Consumer Services and Economic DevelopmentHealey, Patsy; Khakee, Abdul; Motte, Alain and Needham, Barrie, Making Strategic Spatial Plans: Innovation in EuropeWebber, Michael J. and Rigby, David L., The Golden Age Illusion, Rethinking Postwar CapitalismRuigrok, Winfried and van Tulder, Rob, The Logic of International RestructuringSchoenberger, Erica, The Cultural Crisis of the Firm
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    A Model of Tax Increment Financing Adoption Incentives (1998)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 29 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: With tax increment financing (TIF) a municipality pays for economic development expenditures out of future increases in tax collections. If the development expenditures are the sole cause of the increased tax collections, TIF is a fair and reasonable policy. If not, TIF can distort choices and redistribute resources. This paper develops an economic model of TIF as a choice by the sponsoring municipality with an impact on an overlying government. The analytic framework isolates the impact of key variables, permits analysis of the payoff from TIF to each government, and helps inform discussions about equity. The model clearly shows that while the special nature of TIF causes it to favor projects that generate significant tax revenue, that revenue need not be truly incremental with respect to the project alone, and projects therefore need not be efficient to be financially viable to municipalities. In fact, the projects that best fit the goals of TIF legislation may be impossible to finance through TIF. Alternative government programs may be required to help towns develop areas most in need.
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    The Influence of Plant Profitability on Plant Closures in Multi-locational Firms (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 28 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the effect of plant profitability on the closure decision in multi-locational manufacturing firms where the firm is selecting between different sites undertaking similar production activities. The paper draws upon a new interview survey of large multi-locational manufacturing firms. Analysis of the interview data shows that plant profitability is the key to understanding only one-third to one-half of selective closures and that decisions taken by subsidiaries are more likely to rely on plant profitability measures than decisions taken at the corporate head office. In analyzing a regional economy, a poor level of plant profitability is indicative of a plant at risk of closure but the absence of such a characteristic is not necessarily an indication of an assured future for a plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00067
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    Index (1997)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Growth and change 28 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00072
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  • 83
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    Vacancy Dynamics and Labor Market Efficiency in the Dutch Labor Market (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 28 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper focuses on cyclical and regional variations in vacancy dynamics in labor markets with persistent imbalances between demand and supply. In particular the so-called matching approach is used to investigate labor market efficiency across regions and over the business cycle. In this matching approach the relationship between the flow of filled vacancies and regional stocks of unemployed job seekers and vacant jobs is specified in a “search production” function. The matching approach is applied to the Dutch labor market, which is characterized by strong disequilibria and persistent regional differences in unemployment and vacancy rates. To explore the development of these regional imbalances from a demand side perspective, the dynamic structure of regional data on vacancies is analyzed over the business cycle. The movements of vacancy duration and the change in the vacancy stock over time appear to be similar across Dutch regions. Moreover, an investigation of the structural causes of regional variations in vacancy duration via shift-share analysis makes clear that regional differences in sectoral composition of unfilled vacancies do not contribute to regional differences in vacancy duration in the period 1989–93. Estimation results of a matching model reveal that there are no region-specific differences in labor market efficiency to produce filled vacancies. The ratio of vacancies to unemployment appears to be the critical determinant of the matching process in the Dutch regions. Another general (non region-specific) finding is that the estimated labor market efficiency increases during recessionary and recovery periods while it decreases during an economic boom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1997.tb00769.x
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  • 84
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    Industry and the Environment Introduction to the Special Issue (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 28 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00046
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  • 85
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    The Impact of NAFTA on Mexico's Environmental Policy (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 28 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A major controversy during the debate over the North American Free Trade Agreement focused on the impact of NAFTA on Mexico's environment. This paper examines the evidence of impact specifically on Mexico's environmental policy. Criteria of impact are developed, and comparisons made for three periods: before 1990 as the baseline period; 1990-93 when NAFTA was being negotiated; and beginning in 1994 when NAFTA came into effect. Much evidence indicates that Mexico's environmental policymaking and enforcement did improve in the early 1990s while NAFTA was being debated. Some evidence also suggests that the NAFTA-influenced environmental commitment was sustained during the 1995 financial crisis. Thus, it is concluded that NAFTA has contributed significantly to Mexico's environmental policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00048
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  • 86
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    Solid Waste Recycling Behavior of Industrial-Commercial -Institutional Establishments (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 28 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper develops a model of the relationship between the solid waste recycling activities of industrial-commercial-institutional (ICI) firms and two sets of explanatory variables: characteristics of the firm and characteristics of the waste materials. The model is tested for six types of waste material (paper, paperboard, plastic, glass, wood, and metal) using logistic regression analysis and drawing on waste quantity and composition data collected from a sample of over 400 ICI firms in metropolitan Toronto. The percentage of firms recycling materials ranged from a high of 46 percent for paperboard to a low of 8 percent for plastics. In all of the models tested, quantity of waste material produced was found to be a significant explanatory variable in determining whether a firm will recycle that material. Other variables which were found to be significant in explaining recycling of some, but not all, material types were floor space of the firm, and type of economic activity. Despite theoretical support for its inclusion, employment was not found to be significant in any of the models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00051
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  • 87
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    Where is the Disintegration? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 27 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A large literature within industrial geography suggests that contemporary production systems are characterized by vertical disintegration processes and the emergence of agglomerations of small manufacturing establishments. According to Allen Scott, one of the most influential contributors to this literature, centers of economic activity in California are especially susceptible to the processes of vertical disintegration and agglomeration. Our concern in this paper is that this “California thesis” has serious empirical difficulties that need to be addressed. Accordingly, this paper reexamines general indicators of vertical disintegration, comparing their temporal record in California to that of the nation as a whole. We examine changes to these indicators for a set of industries that, according to Scott, are characterized by vertical disintegration. Our findings indicate that the weight of evidence does not support the conclusions of Scott concerning vertical disintegration in California. Therefore, his explanation of recent economic growth in California and the utility of his theory as an economic development paradigm require reevaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00894.x
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  • 88
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    A Special Issue on Wilderness Areas (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00174.x
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  • 89
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    Fluctuations and Downturns in a “Company Town” (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A semi-structural VAR time-series model was used to examine movements in Flint Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) employment levels and determine how area employment was affected by movements in different sectors of the U.S. economy. Flint was chosen because in 1958 over 50 percent of the area's population was employed by the transportation industry, the majority in automobile production, and therefore Flint should be considered as a company town prototype for this modeling technique. Due to the dependency of this area's employment base on the automotive industry and the highly volatile nature of area employment levels, the Choleski decomposition was used instead of the structural Bernanke method.It was found that the effects of movements in the automotive industry were a major impact on aggregate area employment as well as on virtually all manufacturing sectors. These results are more robust than those for the Detroit Metropolitan Statistical Area (PSA)/〉. This is due primarily to Flint's greater degree of area dependency on the automotive-industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00187.x
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  • 90
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    Megaherbivores and Southern Appalachian Grass Balds (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The persistence of the grass balds of the southern Appalachians represents an ecological enigma and a conservation dilemma. These high altitude treeless expanses, well known to native Americans and later grazed by white settlers, are now undergoing rapid succession which threatens a unique community of plants and animals. Whatever the balds' origin and in spite of the apparent antiquity of some, much of the botanical literature insists that they are largely an artifact of relatively recent human disturbance, and, except for rare plant preservation, deserve only limited conservation effort. Such an interpretation lacks both a historical perspective and an appreciation of the possible dynamic nature of this community. The presence of both rare, endemic plants and northern relicts requiring open habitat suggests a long evolutionary history. Also, balds that are still grazed today have maintained both their biota and size. We suggest that some balds are indeed ancient and were maintained during the late Pleistocene by mammalian herbivores. Excavations at Saltville, Virginia and elsewhere reveal the presence of up to 20 species of large herbivores, including mammoth, mastodon, bison, horse, tapir, musk ox, and ground sloth until 10,000 years ago. Thereafter, the mountains supported bison, elk, and deer until European settlement. It is likely that, as in many other parts of the world, this special natural community is the result of long-term plant-animal interactions and thus worthy of preservation. Such preservation might best be affected by the use of wild and/or domestic herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00176.x
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  • 91
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    Conserving Biological Diversity and the Conservation Reserve Program (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The lack of success with the endangered species approach to conserving biodiversity has led to calls for programs that are designed to maintain viable populations of species before they become endangered. While wildlife preserves are an important component of biodiversity conservation, effective protection of species will often take place on land that is used primarily for purposes other than wildlife habitat. The suitability of these lands as wildlife habitat can be influenced by government programs. An important example of a program affecting agricultural land use is the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), which is the largest land retirement program in US. history. The expected down-sizing of the program in the mid 90s sharpens the need for improved targeting if the program is to continue to provide wildlife benefits. This paper studies how well the current CRP fares as a biodiversity conservation program and suggests possible ways to target the CRP to conserve wildlife habitat. A methodology for tackling this task in Oregon is outlined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00177.x
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  • 92
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    Evaluation of Wilderness in a Spatial Context (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Spatial scarcities are integral to basic models that account for the organization of land use, including wilderness. The purpose of this paper is to consider the evaluation of wilderness from the perspective of spatial scarcity. Spatial scarcity usually can be taken as relative depending upon scale of analysis. At the more local scale, the relative scarcities of competing land uses are relevant to wilderness evaluation while at larger national and global scales scarcities in certain wilderness qualities may be more important. The paper begins with a brief review of existing approaches to evaluating wilderness and lays out an explicitly spatial approach to the problem. Then, local scale evaluation is considered in the context of von Thunen types of land use transition models which concern relative scarcity payments, or rents. The paper also takes up larger geographic scales and uses the concept of spatial scarcity in linking the hedonic and travel cost models of wilderness evaluation with central place theory in the consideration of wilderness potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00179.x
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    Nongovernmental Organizations and the Option Value of Donated Land (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Nongovernmental organizations frequently receive donations of land that have unknown characteristics. This paper presents an analytical model of the option to preserve such land. The nongovernmental organizations' option value arises from the option to preserve or sell the land to generate funds for other preservation projects. We show that die preservation option is equivalent to an option that allows the nongovernmental organization to choose between he maximum of the market value of the land and the preservation value of the land. From the resulting closed from solution of the option to preserve, we perform comparative statics showing how the relevant factors (preservation value of the land, the development value of the land, the length of the that the option is available, and the uncertainty surrounding the relative values of preservation and development) influence the value of the preservation option. In addition, to the basic model, we present three model modifications. The first examines the effects of costly preservation and costly nonpreservation. In the second extension, we examine the effects of freeriding modeled by a continuous variable. In the final modification, we relax the assumption of the fixed survey period and show the optimal development date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00180.x
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  • 94
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    Does Public Infrastructure Affect Regional Performance? (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Does public infrastructure affect state output? This paper uses both a Cobb-Douglas and a translog production function to examine the impact of public infrastructure spending on state output. Like labor and private capital, the stock of public capital is considered to be an input into the production process. The data are based on Alicia Munnell's work and were provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Unlike many of the earlier studies employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) techniques, this analysis employs estimating methods that take advantage of the longitudinal nature of the data set. While these methods lend support to the public capitol hypothesis, there is evidence that studies relying on OLS have reported a coefficient on public capital that is upward biased. This paper, which controls for heterogeneity in the data, finds the coefficient on public capital to be smaller than that presented in previous studies. This finding has important policy implications. It indicates that while investment in public capital may have a positive impact on the private sector, this impact will be much smaller than predicted by previous studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00168.x
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    Economic Impact Studies of Regional Public Colleges and Universities (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This article reviews methodological issues confronting authors and users of economic impact studies of public colleges and universities. Questions addressed include the following: How should economic impact of regional public colleges and universities be defined? What considerations should govern the definition or the geographical study area? How should tax support of publicly supported institutions be addressed? The article includes perspectives from recent literature considering these questions from both short-term and long-term perspectives. Resolution of these issues depends upon careful delineation and communication of the alternative states of world between which the hypothetical impact is measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00170.x
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  • 96
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    Competitiveness Policy Options: The Technology-Regions Connection (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 26 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Competitiveness can be defined as the ability of an economy to maintain stable or increasing market shares in an economic activity while sustaining stable or increasing living shares for those who participate in it. Government policy in all countries has strong effects on competitiveness. With the turn away from a Cold War economy the Clinton Administration has pursued a technology policy explicitly linked to the quest for heightened national competitiveness. It is based on a rejection of Reagan-Bush era analyses of the competitiveness problem, which centered on cost reduction in industry. There are many different forms of technology policy for competitiveness, however. Some center on labor quality, while others center on technological spillovers between industries. An effective policy should promote technological spillovers in the economy. All such policies, moreover, are only effective if they are organized and governed properly. The Clinton-Gore policy has many different programs and methods of governance. This paper argues that it should reinforce the regional level of organization of technology policy formulation and implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1995.tb00172.x
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    Is There a Trade and Defense Perimeter? The Regional Impacts of Trade and Defense Spending in the United States, 1978-1986 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 27 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Using an expanded shift share technique to impute international trade-related industrial job change, the extent to which structural changes in trade and defense spending appear to explain state economic performance differentials is explored. The findings show there is limited support for the “trade perimeter” argument, but strong support for the hypothesized relationship between military procurement spending and state trade performance. To the extent that defense commitments, especially to private sector procurement and R & D, have operated as an informal industrial policy, particularly by guaranteeing strong domestic sales, they have enabled a significant number of states peripheral to the traditional industrial heartland to build a strong international trade posture. The conclusion offers observations on the economic development implications of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00975.x
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    Income Distribution Characteristics of Rural Economic Sectors: Implications for Local Development Policy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 27 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Recent trends suggest increasing reliance on private markets to provide for local economic well-being. This research demonstrates the study of regional household income distribution patterns associated with productive activities important to many rural areas. A social accounting matrix analysis was used to examine agricultural production, agricultural processing, forestry production, forest products processing, and tourism in a small rural region in Wisconsin to illustrate the variable distributional characteristics of private market structures and related local economic development policy. The results showed that while high income households comprised 22 percent of total regional households in the study area, they received between 57 percent and 63 percent of earned income associated with changes in sectoral factor income. Medium income households (34 percent of regional households) received between 32 percent and 41 percent of earned income, and low income households (44 percent) received between 2 percent and 6 percent. The ability of local policy to influence distributional patterns is implied to the extent that local action can facilitate variable growth rates of targeted economic sectors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00976.x
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    Interindustry Employment Requirements in Nonmetropolitan Communities (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 27 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Interindustry employment requirements are examined in nonmetropolitan communities ranging in population size between 1,000 and 15,000. A ten-sector economic base model is first used to estimate the demand for nonbasic employment in five different functional types of communities. A new and improved method for community impact assessment is then outlined. Here a distance-weighting procedure is applied to the various type-specific estimates of nonbasic employment so that a composite employment requirements matrix can be calculated for any study community. Finally, postimpact interindustry requirements are decomposed into two effects: preimpact employment requirements plus nonbasic employment shifts reflecting structural change. All estimates and findings are based on the Arizona Community Data Set.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00977.x
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    Neighborhood Exposure to Toxic Releases: Are There Racial Inequities? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 27 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the use of empirical evidence to determine whether the exposure of minorities to environmental risks constitutes aversive racism. Connections are drawn between definitions of aversive racism and statistical approaches to research into the relationship between race and risk, paying particular attention to the influence of both non-racial discrimination and industrial location factors. Federal judicial and executive remedies to aversive racism are examined in light of the standards of evidence presented. An empirical study of the connection between race and exposure to toxic releases is then presented for Census block groups in Georgia and Ohio. It was found that the significance of race depends on the breadth of the explanatory model used in the analysis. A model of overall exposure to toxic releases shows that race is significant in a narrow model of discrimination but not in a broader model including industrial location factors. However, a model of targeting of minorities in the recent location of toxics-emitting facilities fails to show discrimination in any of the regression analyses. These findings support the view that environmental justice concerns cannot be addressed through reform of siting processes; broader remedies involving more stringent protection of exposure to toxic emissions are more likely to be effective.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00978.x
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