ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

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Inner Workings: Bacteria work together to survive Earth’s depths [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2017)

Sandeep Ravindran

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2017-02-01

Description: Thousands of feet below the Earth’s surface seems an unlikely cradle for life. Indeed, for a long time, scientists wondered if any life could survive in such a hostile, pitch black, oxygen-poor environment. Working in the depths of a gold mine, Maggie Lau (Left) and Rachel L. Harris (Right) filter...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

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Biogeography of soil microbial N-cycling traits [Ecology] (2016)

Nelson, M. B., Martiny, A. C., Martiny, J. B. H.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Microorganisms drive much of the Earth’s nitrogen (N) cycle, but we still lack a global overview of the abundance and composition of the microorganisms carrying out soil N processes. To address this gap, we characterized the biogeography of microbial N traits, defined as eight N-cycling pathways, using publically available soil...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Comparative phylogeography introduction [Biological Sciences] (2016)

Avise, J. C., Bowen, B. W., Ayala, F. J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Phylogeography is the study of the spatial arrangement of genealogical lineages, especially within and among conspecific populations and closely related species (10). Ever since its inception in the late 1970s (11, 12) and mid-1980s (13), the field has sought to extend phylogenetic reasoning to the intraspecific level, and thereby build...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Comparative phylogeography in continental biotas [Evolution] (2016)

Riddle, B. R.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Deciphering the geographic context of diversification and distributional dynamics in continental biotas has long been an interest of biogeographers, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists. Thirty years ago, the approach now known as comparative phylogeography was introduced in a landmark study of a continental biota. Here, I use a set of 455...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Probability of monophyly on a species tree [Evolution] (2016)

Mehta, R. S., Bryant, D., Rosenberg, N. A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Monophyletic groups—groups that consist of all of the descendants of a most recent common ancestor—arise naturally as a consequence of descent processes that result in meaningful distinctions between organisms. Aspects of monophyly are therefore central to fields that examine and use genealogical descent. In particular, studies in conservation genetics, phylogeography,...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Genealogy, genetics, and historical demography [Evolution] (2016)

Wakeley, J., King, L., Wilton, P. R.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Genetic variation among loci in the genomes of diploid biparental organisms is the result of mutation and genetic transmission through the genealogy, or population pedigree, of the species. We explore the consequences of this for patterns of variation at unlinked loci for two kinds of demographic events: the occurrence of...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Phenotypes in phylogeography [Evolution] (2016)

Zamudio, K. R., Bell, R. C., Mason, N. A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Almost 30 y ago, the field of intraspecific phylogeography laid the foundation for spatially explicit and genealogically informed studies of population divergence. With new methods and markers, the focus in phylogeography shifted to previously unrecognized geographic genetic variation, thus reducing the attention paid to phenotypic variation in those same diverging...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Phylogeographic model selection [Evolution] (2016)

Thome, M. T. C., Carstens, B. C.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Phylogeographic research investigates biodiversity at the interface between populations and species, in a temporal and geographic context. Phylogeography has benefited from analytical approaches that allow empiricists to estimate parameters of interest from the genetic data (e.g., θ = 4Neμ, population divergence, gene flow), and the widespread availability of genomic data...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Refined hypotheses in comparative phylogeography [Evolution] (2016)

Papadopoulou, A., Knowles, L. L.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: For three decades, comparative phylogeography has conceptually and methodologically relied on the concordance criterion for providing insights into the historical/biogeographic processes driving population genetic structure and divergence. Here we discuss how this emphasis, and the corresponding lack of methods for extracting information about biotic/intrinsic contributions to patterns of genetic variation,...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Bison dispersal through the Ice Free Corridor [Ecology] (2016)

Heintzman, P. D., Froese, D., Ives, J. W., Soares, A. E. R., Zazula, G. D., Letts, B., Andrews, T. D., Driver, J. C., Hall, E., Hare, P. G., Jass, C. N., Mac; Kay, G., Southon, J. R., Stiller, M., Woywitka, R., Suchard, M. A., Shapiro, B.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: The Ice Free Corridor has been invoked as a route for Pleistocene human and animal dispersals between eastern Beringia and more southerly areas of North America. Despite the significance of the corridor, there are limited data for when and how this corridor was used. Hypothetical uses of the corridor include:...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Comparative phylogeography of the ocean planet [Evolution] (2016)

Bowen, B. W., Gaither, M. R., Di; Battista, J. D., Iacchei, M., Andrews, K. R., Grant, W. S., Toonen, R. J., Briggs, J. C.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Understanding how geography, oceanography, and climate have ultimately shaped marine biodiversity requires aligning the distributions of genetic diversity across multiple taxa. Here, we examine phylogeographic partitions in the sea against a backdrop of biogeographic provinces defined by taxonomy, endemism, and species composition. The taxonomic identities used to define biogeographic provinces...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Island phylogeography [Evolution] (2016)

Shaw, K. L., Gillespie, R. G.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Remote island archipelagos offer superb opportunities to study the evolution of community assembly because of their relatively young and simple communities where speciation contributes to the origin and evolution of community structure. There is great potential for common phylogeographic patterns among remote archipelagos that originate through hotspot volcanism, particularly when...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Reticulation and phylogeography [Evolution] (2016)

Edwards, S. V., Potter, S., Schmitt, C. J., Bragg, J. G., Moritz, C.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Phylogeography, and its extensions into comparative phylogeography, have their roots in the layering of gene trees across geography, a paradigm that was greatly facilitated by the nonrecombining, fast evolution provided by animal mtDNA. As phylogeography moves into the era of next-generation sequencing, the specter of reticulation at several levels—within loci...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Phylogeography and landscape genetics [Evolution] (2016)

Rissler, L. J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Phylogeography and landscape genetics have arisen within the past 30 y. Phylogeography is said to be the bridge between population genetics and systematics, and landscape genetics the bridge between landscape ecology and population genetics. Both fields can be considered as simply the amalgamation of classic biogeography with genetics and genomics;...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Human phylogeography and diversity [Anthropology] (2016)

Harcourt, A. H.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Homo sapiens phylogeography begins with the species’ origin nearly 200 kya in Africa. First signs of the species outside Africa (in Arabia) are from 125 kya. Earliest dates elsewhere are now 100 kya in China, 45 kya in Australia and southern Europe (maybe even 60 kya in Australia), 32 kya...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Forest lizard phylogeography and climate change [Evolution] (2016)

Prates, I., Xue, A. T., Brown, J. L., Alvarado-Serrano, D. F., Rodrigues, M. T., Hickerson, M. J., Carnaval, A. C.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: We apply a comparative framework to test for concerted demographic changes in response to climate shifts in the neotropical lowland forests, learning from the past to inform projections of the future. Using reduced genomic (SNP) data from three lizard species codistributed in Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest (Anolis punctatus, Anolis...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Evolutionary lessons from plant phylogeography [Evolution] (2016)

Sork, V. L., Gugger, P. F., Chen, J.-M., Werth, S.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Phylogeography documents the spatial distribution of genetic lineages that result from demographic processes, such as population expansion, population contraction, and gene movement, shaped by climate fluctuations and the physical landscape. Because most phylogeographic studies have used neutral markers, the role of selection may have been undervalued. In this paper, we...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Geogenetics of Madagascar's mouse lemurs [Evolution] (2016)

Yoder, A. D., Campbell, C. R., Blanco, M. B., dos Reis, M., Ganzhorn, J. U., Goodman, S. M., Hunnicutt, K. E., Larsen, P. A., Kappeler, P. M., Rasoloarison, R. M., Ralison, J. M., Swofford, D. L., Weisrock, D. W.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-07-21

Description: Phylogeographic analysis can be described as the study of the geological and climatological processes that have produced contemporary geographic distributions of populations and species. Here, we attempt to understand how the dynamic process of landscape change on Madagascar has shaped the distribution of a targeted clade of mouse lemurs (genus...

Keywords: Sackler Colloquium on In the Light of Evolution X: Comparative Phylogeography

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Will hagfish yield the fibers of the future? [Applied Physical Sciences] (2016)

Dance, A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-06-30

Description: A tankful of wriggling proto-fish could one day offer a novel kind of strong, flexible material for buttressing bulletproof vests and reinforcing lightweight automobile parts. Jawless, spineless hagfish might seem an unlikely source for such advances. But the ancient animals, it turns out, exude a slime with extraordinary properties that...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Spotting gravitational waves using pulsar ticks [Astronomy] (2016)

Mann, A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-08-11

Description: In 2003, a group of Japanese astronomers studying the center of galaxy 3C 66B thought they’d spotted a pair of record-breaking supermassive black holes orbiting one another: each of them appeared to have the mass of more than 27 billion suns (1). But a dissenting paper soon appeared, one that...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Can electronics heal themselves? [Chemistry] (2016)

Bourzac, K.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-06-15

Description: When someone gets a cut, white blood cells follow chemical signals to the site of the injury, fending off infection and promoting healing. Meanwhile, platelets rapidly crowd in to stop the bleeding. Collagen fills the wound. A scanning electron microscope image captures spherical nanomotors migrating to a crack in order...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Building accelerator afterburners with plasma [Inner Workings] (2016)

Harris, D. J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-02-03

Description: Particle colliders are pushing the limits of economic and political feasibility. Already, the next generation of planned linear colliders is tens of kilometers long; a planned circular collider is 100 kilometers in circumference. Such massive projects will take years to build and strain government purse strings. And yet, scientists are...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Ancient teeth reveal clues about microbiomes [Anthropology] (2016)

Madhusoodanan, J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-05-25

Description: Christina Warinner often spends the better part of her day rubbing toothbrushes and dental scrapers against filthy jaws. But she is not a dental hygienist. A molecular anthropologist at the University of Oklahoma, Warinner chips away at ancient teeth to collect dental calculus, the thick chalky layer that hygienists scour...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Exploring the depths of ancient storms [Inner Workings] (2016)

Venton, D.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-03-24

Description: Storms have changed the course of history. In 1274, Kublai Khan, seeking to expand the Mongol Empire, led a fleet of 900 ships and sailed for Japan. After initial victories, the fleet met fierce resistance from Japanese samurai clans. As the Mongols retreated, a strong typhoon hit. Most of the...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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A big role for a microbial parasite [Cell Biology] (2016)

Hopkin, K.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-04-20

Description: Cell biologist William Sullivan first turned his attention to a microbial parasite called Wolbachia as an excuse to take his students on a field trip. After reading a paper that suggested Wolbachia was making its way up the California coast via infected Drosophila, Sullivan, who is at the University of...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Light-controlled cellular surgery [Cell Biology] (2016)

Landhuis, E.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-08-31

Description: Pathologist Michael Teitell likes to think of the invention as a microscopic cat door. He and colleagues have developed a laser-powered nanoblade that makes small slits on the surface of cells, through which DNA, proteins, and larger material, up to a few microns in size, can enter. One can imagine...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Can single molecules bind entire ecosystems? [Environmental Sciences] (2016)

Madhusoodanan, J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-09-21

Description: Off the coast of California, puffy slug-like creatures—named sea hares (Aplysia californica) for their bunny ear-like tentacles—chomp their way across underwater fields of red-brown algae. The algae produce mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), chemicals that give the sea hares their murky maroon hues. The animals deploy these same molecules for defense....

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Endosymbiont fixing C and N in termite-gut protist [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Ohkuma, M., Noda, S., Hattori, S., Iida, T., Yuki, M., Starns, D., Inoue, J.-i., Darby, A. C., Hongoh, Y.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Symbiotic associations of cellulolytic eukaryotic protists and diverse bacteria are common in the gut microbial communities of termites. Besides cellulose degradation by the gut protists, reductive acetogenesis from H2 plus CO2 and nitrogen fixation by gut bacteria play crucial roles in the host termites’ nutrition by contributing to the energy...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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CoRR hypothesis for genes in organelles [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Allen, J. F.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Chloroplasts and mitochondria are subcellular bioenergetic organelles with their own genomes and genetic systems. DNA replication and transmission to daughter organelles produces cytoplasmic inheritance of characters associated with primary events in photosynthesis and respiration. The prokaryotic ancestors of chloroplasts and mitochondria were endosymbionts whose genes became copied to the...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Evolutionary consequences of heritable symbiosis [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Bennett, G. M., Moran, N. A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Many eukaryotes have obligate associations with microorganisms that are transmitted directly between generations. A model for heritable symbiosis is the association of aphids, a clade of sap-feeding insects, and Buchnera aphidicola, a gammaproteobacterium that colonized an aphid ancestor 150 million years ago and persists in almost all 5,000 aphid...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Inherited chimaerism [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Ku, C., Nelson-Sathi, S., Roettger, M., Garg, S., Hazkani-Covo, E., Martin, W. F.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Endosymbiotic theory in eukaryotic-cell evolution rests upon a foundation of three cornerstone partners—the plastid (a cyanobacterium), the mitochondrion (a proteobacterium), and its host (an archaeon)—and carries a corollary that, over time, the majority of genes once present in the organelle genomes were relinquished to the chromosomes of the host...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Signatures of holobiont genome evolution [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Wilson, A. C. C., Duncan, R. P.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: The role of symbiosis in bacterial symbiont genome evolution is well understood, yet the ways that symbiosis shapes host genomes or more particularly, host/symbiont genome coevolution in the holobiont is only now being revealed. Here, we identify three coevolutionary signatures that characterize holobiont genomes. The first signature, host/symbiont collaboration,...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Endosymbiosis and evolutionary theory [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

O'Malley, M. A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Historically, conceptualizations of symbiosis and endosymbiosis have been pitted against Darwinian or neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory. In more recent times, Lynn Margulis has argued vigorously along these lines. However, there are only shallow grounds for finding Darwinian concepts or population genetic theory incompatible with endosymbiosis. But is population genetics sufficiently...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Symbiosis becoming permanent [Introductions] (2015)

Keeling, P. J., McCutcheon, J. P., Doolittle, W. F.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Some might think we already know enough about endosymbiosis and organelle origins, and that speakers at the colloquium Symbioses becoming permanent: The origins and evolutionary trajectories of organelles would have little new to say. Indeed, since the 1980s, the idea that the mitochondria and plastids (chloroplasts) of eukaryotic cells arose...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Early evolution of apicomplexan parasites [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Janouškovec, J., Tikhonenkov, D. V., Burki, F., Howe, A. T., Kolisko, M., Mylnikov, A. P., Keeling, P. J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Apicomplexans are a major lineage of parasites, including causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis. How such highly adapted parasites evolved from free-living ancestors is poorly understood, particularly because they contain nonphotosynthetic plastids with which they have a complex metabolic dependency. Here, we examine the origin of apicomplexan parasitism by...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Host-plastid coevolution in dinoflagellates [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Dorrell, R. G., Howe, C. J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: After their endosymbiotic acquisition, plastids become intimately connected with the biology of their host. For example, genes essential for plastid function may be relocated from the genomes of plastids to the host nucleus, and pathways may evolve within the host to support the plastid. In this review, we consider...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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The atmosphere as a cosmic-ray detector [Inner Workings] (2015)

Mc; Kee, M.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-12

Description: It wasn’t exactly flying blind, but it was close. On a moonless night last August, a helicopter chased a balloon through the inky darkness above a patch of Canadian wilderness, guided only by the balloon’s GPS coordinates. As part of an experiment to investigate cosmic rays, researchers boarded a helicopter...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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DNA for data storage and computing [Inner Workings] (2015)

Scudellari, M.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-12-30

Description: On the surface, genetic and electrical engineering appear to have little in common. One field revolves around carbon and the other is built upon silicon; one makes RNA from DNA and the other converts AC to DC. Some biologists have begun to apply the concepts of electrical engineering to living...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Legos in the lab [Inner Workings] (2015)

Ornes, S.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-10-21

Description: Vincenzo Vitelli is a condensed matter physicist who plays with blocks. “I play with Legos more than most kids,” he says. Vincenzo Vitelli works with Legos to bring theoretical physics principles to life. Image courtesy of Vincenzo Vitelli (Lorentz Institute, University of Leiden, The Netherlands). Vitelli’s creations crowd together on...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Inside the mind of a jumping spider [Inner Workings] (2015)

Shen, H. H.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-05-27

Description: At first, there were explosions. Neurobiologists investigating the peculiar behavior of the jumping spider sought to record its neurons. But the scientists’ method always spelled doom for the creatures: peeling back the spiders’ exoskeleton to expose the brain caused vital fluids to burst forth. New brain recording techniques should help...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Malnutrition, gutted [Inner Workings] (2015)

Dolgin, E.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-01-21

Description: In 2010, Rashidul Haque spent a week at Washington University in St. Louis getting up to speed on a seemingly unpleasant task: the art and practice of collecting and storing human excrement. By learning the necessary steps for sample preservation and DNA extraction, Haque, who has spent the past 25...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Probing cosmic mysteries in a remote desert [Inner Workings] (2015)

Dance, A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-07-15

Description: Amid the volcanic range of the windy, otherworldly Atacama Desert, a telescope collects ancient light from the cloudless sky. The international team of cosmologists manning the instrument hopes it will illuminate the conditions of the universe just after its dawn 13.8 billion years ago. The POLARBEAR telescope in Chile’s Atacama...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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43

Unknown

Discovery and impact of tyrosine kinase [Inner Workings] (2015)

Marshall, J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-07-01

Description: While working in his laboratory at the Salk Institute in 1979, Tony Hunter took a shortcut. Hunter decided not to make up fresh buffer for his electrophoresis run. That decision would alter his career, significantly influence the field of cancer biology, and ultimately lead to new cancer treatments. The discovery...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Paving with plants [Inner Workings] (2015)

Bourzac, K.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-09-23

Description: Most thruways are made from rocks and gravel held together with asphalt, a petroleum product. Chemist Ted Slaghek envisions a time when the trucks, cars, and bicycles of his native Netherlands will travel over green roads—literally. Researchers do high shear mixing of bitumen with lignin, a process they hope to...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Climate change frees ancient artifacts [Inner Workings] (2015)

Dance, A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-11-18

Description: One summer 10,300 years ago, a Native American hunter prowled the Rocky Mountains, near what’s now Yellowstone National Park. The hunter’s weapon was an atlatl, or spear thrower, used to launch stone-tipped darts at prey—bighorn sheep, perhaps—that rested in a spot where winter snow persisted, cool and free of biting...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Fishing for a future [Inner Workings] (2015)

West, A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-03-11

Description: Stacy Jupiter’s field research has the potential to greatly influence the day-to-day lives of Fijian communities. But the crux of her challenge is as much logistical as it is scientific. Stacy Jupiter surveys the reef along a visible transect line in Koro Island after an experimental harvest in a local...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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47

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Fossil farm [Inner Workings] (2015)

Dance, A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-01-08

Description: Eighteen million years ago, a sinkhole opened up in what is now Gilchrist County, Florida. Thousands of unlucky animals fell in—frogs and snakes, ground doves and turkeys, even now-extinct camels and rhinoceroses that once roamed North America. Some likely survived for a time before starving or falling prey to predators...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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48

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Min proteins and FtsZ in eukaryotic mitochondria [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Leger, M. M., Petr F;, M., D;arsky, V., Eme, L., Vl D;ek,  C;estmir, Harding, T., Lang, B. F., Eliaš, M., Dole E;al, P., Roger, A. J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Bacterial division initiates at the site of a contractile Z-ring composed of polymerized FtsZ. The location of the Z-ring in the cell is controlled by a system of three mutually antagonistic proteins, MinC, MinD, and MinE. Plastid division is also known to be dependent on homologs of these proteins,...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Major evolutionary transitions in individuality [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

West, S. A., Fisher, R. M., Gardner, A., Kiers, E. T.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: The evolution of life on earth has been driven by a small number of major evolutionary transitions. These transitions have been characterized by individuals that could previously replicate independently, cooperating to form a new, more complex life form. For example, archaea and eubacteria formed eukaryotic cells, and cells formed multicellular...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Reproduction, symbiosis, and the eukaryotic cell [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Godfrey-Smith, P.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: This paper develops a conceptual framework for addressing questions about reproduction, individuality, and the units of selection in symbiotic associations, with special attention to the origin of the eukaryotic cell. Three kinds of reproduction are distinguished, and a possible evolutionary sequence giving rise to a mitochondrion-containing eukaryotic cell from...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Mosaic nature of the mitochondrial proteome [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Gray, M. W.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Comparative studies of the mitochondrial proteome have identified a conserved core of proteins descended from the α-proteobacterial endosymbiont that gave rise to the mitochondrion and was the source of the mitochondrial genome in contemporary eukaryotes. A surprising result of phylogenetic analyses is the relatively small proportion (10–20%) of the mitochondrial...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Why mitochondria need a genome [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Bȷorkholm, P., Harish, A., Hagstrom, E., Ernst, A. M., Andersson, S. G. E.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells considered to be of bacterial origin. The mitochondrial genome has evolved under selection for minimization of gene content, yet it is not known why not all mitochondrial genes have been transferred to the nuclear genome. Here, we predict that hydrophobic membrane proteins...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Mitochondria and sex ratio distortion [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Perlman, S. J., Hodson, C. N., Hamilton, P. T., Opit, G. P., Gowen, B. E.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: In virtually all multicellular eukaryotes, mitochondria are transmitted exclusively through one parent, usually the mother. In this short review, we discuss some of the major consequences of uniparental transmission of mitochondria, including deleterious effects in males and selection for increased transmission through females. Many of these consequences, particularly sex...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Mitochondrial vs plastid genome architecture [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Smith, D. R., Keeling, P. J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Mitochondrial and plastid genomes show a wide array of architectures, varying immensely in size, structure, and content. Some organelle DNAs have even developed elaborate eccentricities, such as scrambled coding regions, nonstandard genetic codes, and convoluted modes of posttranscriptional modification and editing. Here, we compare and contrast the breadth of...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Major transitions in evolution revised [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Szathmary, E.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: The impressive body of work on the major evolutionary transitions in the last 20 y calls for a reconstruction of the theory although a 2D account (evolution of informational systems and transitions in individuality) remains. Significant advances include the concept of fraternal and egalitarian transitions (lower-level units like and unlike,...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Genome expansion in an endosymbiont [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Campbell, M. A., Van Leuven, J. T., Meister, R. C., Carey, K. M., Simon, C., McCutcheon, J. P.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Comparative genomics from mitochondria, plastids, and mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria has shown that the stable establishment of a bacterium in a host cell results in genome reduction. Although many highly reduced genomes from endosymbiotic bacteria are stable in gene content and genome structure, organelle genomes are sometimes characterized by dramatic structural...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Role of transporters in endosymbiosis [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Karkar, S., Facchinelli, F., Price, D. C., Weber, A. P. M., Bhattacharya, D.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: The origin of oxygenic photosynthesis in the Archaeplastida common ancestor was foundational for the evolution of multicellular life. It is very likely that the primary endosymbiosis that explains plastid origin relied initially on the establishment of a metabolic connection between the host cell and captured cyanobacterium. We posit that these...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Evolution of plant mtDNA by chromosome gain/loss [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Wu, Z., Cuthbert, J. M., Taylor, D. R., Sloan, D. B.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Across eukaryotes, mitochondria exhibit staggering diversity in genomic architecture, including the repeated evolution of multichromosomal structures. Unlike in the nucleus, where mitosis and meiosis ensure faithful transmission of chromosomes, the mechanisms of inheritance in fragmented mitochondrial genomes remain mysterious. Multichromosomal mitochondrial genomes have recently been found in multiple species...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Eukaryogenesis, how special really? [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Booth, A., Doolittle, W. F.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Eukaryogenesis is widely viewed as an improbable evolutionary transition uniquely affecting the evolution of life on this planet. However, scientific and popular rhetoric extolling this event as a singularity lacks rigorous evidential and statistical support. Here, we question several of the usual claims about the specialness of eukaryogenesis, focusing...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

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Extracting precious metals from sewage [Inner Workings] (2015)

Carey, J. B.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-07-22

Description: Two groups of researchers found that sewage contains precious metals potentially worth millions. Image courtesy of shutterstock/gameanna. Making a valuable, unexpected discovery while exploring an unrelated hypothesis is a classic theme in the history of science. But literally striking gold? And in sewage, of all places? That’s what actually happened...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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61

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Taking evolution to the clinic [Inner Workings] (2015)

Dolgin, E.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-11-04

Description: Andrew Read is most at home around mice, mosquitoes, malaria, and math. An evolutionary biologist at Pennsylvania State University in State College, Read has built a career working with animal and theoretical models to study how pathogens develop drug resistance. Yet after 30 years in the laboratory, he decided to...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Evolutionary signals of symbiotic persistence [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Werner, G. D. A., Cornwell, W. K., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Kiers, E. T.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Understanding the origins and evolutionary trajectories of symbiotic partnerships remains a major challenge. Why are some symbioses lost over evolutionary time whereas others become crucial for survival? Here, we use a quantitative trait reconstruction method to characterize different evolutionary stages in the ancient symbiosis between legumes (Fabaceae) and nitrogen-fixing...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

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ATP synthase essential in malaria life cycle [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Sturm, A., Mollard, V., Cozijnsen, A., Goodman, C. D., McFadden, G. I.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: Mitochondrial ATP synthase is driven by chemiosmotic oxidation of pyruvate derived from glycolysis. Blood-stage malaria parasites eschew chemiosmosis, instead relying almost solely on glycolysis for their ATP generation, which begs the question of whether mitochondrial ATP synthase is necessary during the blood stage of the parasite life cycle. We knocked...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

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Rethinking evolutionary individuality [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Ereshefsky, M., Pedroso, M.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: This paper considers whether multispecies biofilms are evolutionary individuals. Numerous multispecies biofilms have characteristics associated with individuality, such as internal integrity, division of labor, coordination among parts, and heritable adaptive traits. However, such multispecies biofilms often fail standard reproductive criteria for individuality: they lack reproductive bottlenecks, are comprised of...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

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Endosymbiosis and eukaryotic genome evolution [Colloquium Paper] (2015)

Archibald, J. M.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-08-19

Description: The endosymbiotic origin of plastids from cyanobacteria was a landmark event in the history of eukaryotic life. Subsequent to the evolution of primary plastids, photosynthesis spread from red and green algae to unrelated eukaryotes by secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis. Although the movement of cyanobacterial genes from endosymbiont to host...

Keywords: Symbioses Becoming Permanent: The Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Organelles Sackler Colloq

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

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Hubble's quarter century in orbit [Inner Workings] (2015)

Harris, D. J.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-03-18

Description: When the Hubble Space Telescope was deployed from Space Shuttle Discovery on April 25, 1990, few knew just how far-reaching its impact would be on astronomy, cosmology, and public appreciation of the universe. “It has given us views of the universe that we have never seen before and provided a...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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Endoliths Survive Extreme Environments [Inner Workings] (2015)

Dance, A.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-02-26

Description: Henry Sun works where other biologists fear to tread, or maybe they just don’t want to bother. Antarctica’s McMurdo Dry Valleys feature temperatures as low as minus 68 °C, winds up to 200 miles per hour, and less than 10% relative humidity. Early polar explorer Robert Scott dubbed them the...

Keywords: Inner Workings

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