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  • Ocean-atmosphere interaction  (22)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (22)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Cham : Springer
  • Elsevier
  • 2015-2019  (22)
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Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Atlantis II : cruise 102 : moored and shipboard surface meteorological measurements during JASIN 1978 (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: During cruise 102 of the R/V Atlantis-II in the Joint Air-Sea Interaction Project (JASIN), surface meteorological data were gathered by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution personnel from two moored buoys and from the ship. One buoy (JASIN W2/WHOI 651) carried a Vector Averaging Wind Recorder (VAWR) and a Vector Measuring Wind Recorder (VMWR); these instruments provided 18 days of intercomparison data and 38 days of meteorological data from 30 July to 6 September 1978. The other buoy (JASIN H2) carried a VMWR and gave 25 total days of data from 16 July to 10 August, and from 26 August to 1 September. A PET computer, hardwired to sensors positioned on the ship, displayed data that were logged during both legs of the cruise. Manual data were gathered by the science watches. This report describes the PET system, and displays and compares all the data. VAWR hourly meteorological data are listed for the 38 day period. Scientific interpretation of these data, such as calculations of heat fluxes, will be published separately.
    Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE77-25803 and OCE76-80174, and for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0197; NR 083-400 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Joint Air-Sea Interaction Project ; Meteorology ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII102
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 2
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    Coastal mixing and optics moored array experiment (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-05
    Description: This 5 CDROM set contains in-situ and numerical weather prediction model data collected during the Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) Experiment. These data were analyzed in a manuscript entitled "Evaluation of NCEP regional numerical weather prediction model surface fields over the Middle Atlantic Bight" which can be found in Postscript format on CDROM 1 in the "paper" directory. Three NWP models (the early Eta, meso Eta and RUC-1) were evaluated using in-situ meteorological observations and air-sea flux estimates from the central CMO buoy and six NDBC buoys. Based on these evaluations, gridded air-sea flux fields for use in the CMO experiment were generated from the meso Eta model surface fields. Both the original and adjusted meso Eta model surface fields can be found in this CDROM set. CDROM 1 contains all of the in-situ measurements as well as the model data extracted at each of the moored buoys. CDROM 1 also contains the AVHRR 14 km SST analysis from NCEP, the GCIP incoming surface shortwave product, plots of the 0, 3, 6 and 9 hour adjusted meso Eta forecasts for both the meteorology and air-sea fluxes and two QuickTime animations of the adjusted meso Eta model fields. CDROMs 2 and 3 contain the meso Eta model surface data acquired from NCEP archives and reformatted from GRIB to NetCDF. CDROMs 4 and 5 contain the CMO air-sea flux fields derived from the meso Eta surface fields. The source code of the program used to generate the CMO flux fields is in the "code" directory on CDROM 1.
    Description: The CMO moored array was conceived and designed by co-principal investigators S. Anderson, J. Edson, S. Lentz and A. Plueddemann. Successful field operations were due to the efforts of W. Ostrom, R. Trask, B. Way, the WHOI Upper Ocean Processes Group and the fine crew of the R/V Oceanus under the direction of Captain P. Howland. J. Edson provided sonic anemometer data and R. Pinker provided the GCIP radiation fields. The staff of the NDBC are to be commended for their data collection, quality control and distribution efforts. The CMO moored array experiment was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-95-1-0339.
    Keywords: Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Numerical weather forecasting ; Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) Experiment
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 3
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    FASINEX moored current meter array data report including WHOI meteorologically instrumented surface moorings (F2-845, F4-846, F6-847. F8-848. F10-849) and WHOI long term subsurface moorings (F1-829, F12-830) (2015)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) contribution no. 46
    Description: The Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) examined air-sea interaction in the vicinity of sea surface temperature fronts in the Subtropical Convergence Zone (STCZ). Mooring measurements were made from five surface, four Profiling Current Meter (PCM) and two longer duration subsurface moorings. The surface and PCM moorings, which made up the FASINEX central array were set in January 1986 and remained on station for six months. The two outlying subsurface moorings, set 90 miles south and 30 miles north of the central array were deployed in October 1984 and were recovered with the central array moorings in June 1986. The surface moorings collected oceanographic and meteorological data, using a 3-meter instrumented discus buoy and eight to ten Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCMs) and Vector Averaging Current Meters (VACMs). The surface buoy carried a Vector Measuring Wind recorder (VAWR) and a Meteorological Recorder (MR) which measured wind speed and direction, sea surface temperature (SST), air temperature, insolation, barometric pressure and relative humidity. The MR also transmitted meteorological and engineering data via ARGOS. The VMCMs and VACMs, placed from 10 to 4000 m, measured oceanic velocities and temperatures. The subsurface moorings measured oceanic velocities and temperature from 160 to 4060 m, carrying a total of seven VACMs and a WOTAN (Wind Observations Through Ambient Noise). This report presents meteorological and oceanographic data from the seven W.H.O.I. moorings, with major emphasis on the surface mooring data. Details of the moored array and a statement of data return and quality are also included.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract Number N00014-84-C-0134.
    Keywords: Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise ; Columbus Iselin (Ship) Cruise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 4
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    FASINEX Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (January-June 1986) : cruise summaries for FASINEX phase two; R/V OCEANUS cruise 175, R/V ENDEAVOR cruise 141 (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) was a study of the response of the upper ocean to atmospheric forcing in the vicinity of an oceanic front in the subtropical convergence zone southwest of Bermuda, the response of the lower atmosphere in that vicinity to the oceanic front, and the associated two-way interaction between ocean and atmosphere. FASINEX began in the winter (January 1986) , concluded in the early summer (June 1986) and included an intensive period in February and March. The experiment took place in the vicinity of 27°N, 70°W where sea-surface-temperature fronts are climatologically common. Measurements were made from buoys, ships, aircraft and spacecraft. This report summarizes the shipboard work done on R/V OCEANUS and R/V ENDEAVOR during Phase Two, the dual ship/multi-aircraft measurement period. The two ships worked individually, jointly and as ground truth for the aircraft during the month. Each ship carried specialized instrumentation for measuring oceanographic and meteorological parameters. Information describing the sampling strategy, station positions and times are included. This report contains summaries of the data collected and some preliminary results.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract No. N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400.
    Keywords: Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Deep-sea moorings ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC175 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN141
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 5
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    FASINEX Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (January-June 1986) : summaries for FASINEX mooring cruises; phase one: R/V KNORR Cruise 119, phase three: RV/KNORR Cruise 123 (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) was a study of the response of the upper ocean to atmospheric forcing in the vicinity of an oceanic front in the subtropical convergence zone southwest of Bermuda, the response of the lower atmosphere in that vicinity to the oceanic front, and the associated two-way interaction between ocean and atmosphere. FASINEX began in the winter (January 1986) , concluded in the early summer (June 1986) and included an intensive period in February and March. The experiment took place in the vicinity of 27°N, 70°W where sea-surface-temperature fronts are climatologically common. Measurements were made from buoys, ships, aircraft and spacecraft. This report summarizes the mooring deployment and recovery cruises. FASINEX Phase One, the deployment cruise, located a frontal feature, mapped it and set an array of surface and Profiling Current Meters moorings across the front. Phase Three, the recovery cruise returned to the FASINEX area to retrieve the instrumentation that had been on station for six months. Additional measurements were made in the frontal region during these cruises. The activities carried out and the underway data collected on these two cruises, details of the moored array and a preliminary statement of the data return from the array, and the data telemetered from the moored array via ARGOS are summarized in this report.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract No. N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400.
    Keywords: Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Deep-sea moorings ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN123 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN119
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    A compilation of moored current meter and wind recorder data: volume XXXVIII, Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS): (Moorings 787, 788, 789, 790, 792) (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) was a two-year field experiment near 34°N, 70°W, designed to acquire a continuous set of measurements of currents and temperatures in the upper, open ocean together with local hydrography, meteorology, and mesoscale oceanographic features. The first scientific moorings were deployed in May 1982. The first year of mooring data, from May 1982-April 1983, is presented by Tarbell, Pennington and Briscoe (1984, W.H.O.I. Tech. Rept. 84-36). The second year of mooring data, from April 1983-May 1984, when the final mooring recovery occurred, is presented here.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract Nos. N00014-76-C-0197, NR 083-400, and N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400.
    Keywords: Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) ; Ocean temperature ; Ocean currents ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Deep-sea moorings
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    A compilation of moored current meter and wind recorder data : volume XVIII (JASIN 1978, moorings 651-653) (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Summaries of current and temperature measurements from three moorings in the 1978 Joint Air-Sea Interaction Project . (JASIN) are presented; the moorings are WHOI/JASIN numbers 651/Wl, 652/W2, and 653/W3. The instruments were either Vector Averaging Current Meters (VACM), Scripps Institution of Oceanography Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCM) , or Neil Brown Acoustic Current Meters (ACM). Displays include time series, histograms, progressive vector diagrams, scatter plots, and spectra; statistics are given for the entire deployment period (some 40 days) and for each 5-day segment. Additional measurements include pressure and vertical temperature gradient. Wind records and other meteorological observations from one of the moorings are given, as well as partial wind records from another JASIN mooring (H2) .
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0197; NR 083-400 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Contract N00014-75-C-0152; NR 083-005 to Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 77- 25803 .
    Keywords: Deep-sea moorings ; Ocean currents ; Ocean temperature ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 8
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    The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) : NTAS-14 mooring turnaround cruise report (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air-sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations are used to investigate air-sea interaction processes related to climate variability. The NTAS Ocean Reference Station (ORS NTAS) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. This report documents recovery of the NTAS-13 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-14 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air-Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air-sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 160 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, salinity and velocity. The mooring turnaround was done by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), onboard R/V Endeavor, Cruise EN549. The cruise took place between December 5 and 21 December 2014. The NTAS-14 mooring was deployed on December 13, and immediately followed by a 36-hour intercomparison period during which data from the buoy, telemetered through Argos satellite system, and the ship’s meteorological and oceanographic data were monitored. The NTAS-13 buoy had parted on September 23 and was recovered on October 28 while drifting freely near Martinique. The rest of the mooring, which had fallen to the seafloor was recovered during EN549, on December 17. This report describes these operations, as well as other work done on the cruise and some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations. Other operations during EN549 consisted in the recovery and deployment of Pressure Inverted Echo Sounders (PIES) and the acoustic download of data from PIES and subsurface moorings that are part of the Meridional Overturning Variability Experiment (MOVE) array. MOVE is designed to monitor the integrated deep meridional flow in the tropical North Atlantic. Two Argo floats were also deployed during the cruise on behalf of the Argo group at WHOI.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA14OAR4320158.
    Keywords: Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN549 ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Oceanographic instruments
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  • 9
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    Data tabulations and analysis of diurnal sea surface temperature variability observed at LOTUS (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Air/sea measurements from the Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) buoy in the Sargasso Sea are analyzed to learn how the diurnal response of sea surface temperature, ΔTs, is related to the surface heating, H, and the wind stress, S. Data are taken from the LOTUS-3 and LOTUS-5 records which span the summers of 1982 and 1983. The basic data are shown in monthly plots, and the analyzed daily values of ΔTs, H, and S are given in tables and in figures. Analyzed data show a clear trend of ΔTs increasing with H and decreasing with S. A best-fit, three-parameter, empirical function can account for 90 percent of the variance in a screened subset of the LOTUS data (172 days) and 81 percent of the variance of the full data set (361 days). The analyzed data are also compared with a theoretical model function now used for ocean predictions in the Diurnal Ocean Surface Layer model (DOSL) of Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center. The DOSL model function was derived from the assumption that wind-mixing occurs by a mechanism of shear flow instability. It is fully predictive and shows a parameter dependence consistent with the LOTUS data over a wide range of H and S. The DOSL model function can account for almost as much variance as the best-fit empirical function.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract Nos. N00014-76-C-0197, NR 083-400 and N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400.
    Keywords: Ocean temperature ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 10
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    Moored current meter and wind recorded measurements near Point Conception, California : the 1983 OPUS observations (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The OPUS (Organization of Persistent Upwelling Structures) program deployed two current meter (VMCM) moorings near Point Conception, California, during April-July 1983. Current and temperature data from these moorings are summarized here. In addition, data from two nearby NDBC (National Data Buoy Center) meteorological buoys are presented.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grants OCE 82-13968 and OCE 80-14942.
    Keywords: Upwelling ; Ocean currents ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 11
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    On production and dissipation of thermal variance in the oceans (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Also published as: Journal of Physical Oceanography (1980) 10: 460-463
    Description: An integral relationship is derived expressing the total dissipation of thermal variance by oceanic microstructure in terms of the large-scale forcing at the ocean surface by air/sea heat exchange. The net heat gain by the ocean over warm water and heat loss over cold water is evaluated using zonal averages of annual oceanic heat fluxes and temperatures between 60°N and 60°S. If thermal dissipation occurs in the upper ocean, with a scale depth of 600 m, the average dissipation χ is estimated to be 10- 7 °C2 s- 1. This value compares favorably with published observations of oceanic microstructure dissipation. The prediction is independent of any dynamical model of turbulent cascade from large to small scales in the ocean.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0197; NR 083-400.
    Keywords: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 12
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    Observations of the velocity response to wind forcing in the upper ocean (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Also published as: Journal of Geophysical Research 86 (1981): 1969-1977
    Description: The response of the horizontal velocity field to forcing by the local wind was observed in the upper 150 m of the ocean by profiling with vector measuring current meters from the Research Platform Flip as it drifted off the coast of California in January 1977. In the mixed layer, approximately 50 m deep, motion at frequencies lower than 0.1 cph was coherent with the wind stress. Rotary cross spectral analysis showed that the shear in the surface layer was related to the local wind stress and that the structure of the response at low frequencies was similar to but did not agree completely with the predictions of simple linear, eddy viscosity models.
    Description: Prepared for the. Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-75-C-0152.
    Keywords: Winds ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 13
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    Ranges and extremes of the natural environment in and about the Hawaiian archipelago related to design criteria for ocean thermal energy conversion plants (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Examination of data from the water areas surrounding the Hawaiian Islands leads to the conclusion that Hawaii is suitably situated for ocean thermal energy conversion. Historical records of surface temperature for the Hawaiian area and the tropical and sub-tropical Pacific suggest that the proposed site may be vulnerable to significant epochal changes and yearly shifts in base temperatures but the site should still remain within the limits of operational parameters. Annual and monthly charts have been prepared for sea surface temperature, surface wind speeds and directions, and reported storm severities.
    Description: Prepared for the Department of Energy, Division of Solar Energy under Contract No. EG-77-S-02-4293.AOOO.
    Keywords: Ocean temperature ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 14
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    Upper ocean response to a hurricane (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Also published as: Journal of Physical Oceanography 11 (1981): 153-175
    Description: The upper ocean response to a moving hurricane is studied using historical air-sea data and a three-dimensional numerical ocean model. Sea surface temperature (SST) response is emphasized. The model has a surface mixed-layer (ML) that entrains according to a velocity dependent parameterization, and two lower layers that simulate the response in the thermocline. The passage of Hurricane Eloise (1975) over buoy EB-10 is simulated in detail. SST decreased 2°C as Eloise passed directly over EB-10 at 8.5 m s-1. Model results indicate that entrainment caused 85% of the irreversible heat flux into the ML; air-sea heat exchange accounted for the remainder. The maximum SST response was predicted to be -3°C and to occur 60 km to the right of the hurricane track. This is consistent with the well-documented rightward bias in the SST response to rapidly moving hurricanes. The rightward bias occurs in the model solution because the hurricane wind-stress vector turns clockwise with time on the right side of the track and is roughly resonant with the ML velocity. High ML velocities cause strong entrainment and thus a strong SST response. Model comparisons with EB-10 data suggest that a wind-speed-dependent drag coefficient similar to Garratt's (1977) is appropriate for hurricane conditions. A constant drag coefficient 1.5 x w-s underpredicts the amplitude of upwelling and the SST response by -40%. Numerical experiments show that the response has a lively dependence on a number of air-sea parameters. Intense, slowly moving hurricanes cause the largest response. The SST response is largest where cold water is near the sea surface, i.e., where the initial ML is thin and the upper thermocline temperature gradient is sharp. Nonlocal processes are important to some aspects of the upper ocean response. Upwelling significantly enhances entrainment under slowly moving hurricanes (≤4 m s-1) and reduces the rightward bias of the SST response. Horizontal advection dominates the pointwise ML heat balance during the several-day period following a hurricane passage. Pressure gradients set up by the upwelling do not play an important role in the entrainment process, but are an effective mechanism for dispersing energy from the ML over a 5-10 day time scale.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0226.
    Keywords: Hurricanes ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 15
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    Drifting vertical current meter, moored aanderaa thermistor chain, and XBT data : Jasin 1978 Atlantis-II cruise (102) (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The report presents summaries of three data sets taken at and in the vicinity of the oceanographic moorings deployed in the 1978 Joint Air-Sea Inte raction Project (JASIN). The data sets are: (1) the temperature, pressure and vertical motion records from the freely drifting Vertical Current Meters (VCMs) deployed from the ATLANTIS II, (2) the temperature data from the Aanderaa thermistor chains on W.H.O.I. mooring 653, designated as JASIN mooring W3, and (3) the expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data collected from the ATLANTIS II while participating in the JASIN Project.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0197; NR 083- 400 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 77-25803 .
    Keywords: Joint Air-Sea Interaction Project ; Ocean temperature ; Ocean currents ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Deep-sea moorings ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII102
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  • 16
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution collection of Climatology and Air/Sea Interaction (CASI) data (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Scientists at Woods Hole routinely collect and analyze a considerable amount of data relating to the oceans of the world. Of the many different kinds of data, one particular subset concerns those events occurring at the sea surface. A large number of sea surface environmental observations have been collected at Woods Hole. These data, and the subsequent analyses generated from the Air/Sea Heat Flux and the Climatology study projects, have been collected and archived. This document describes the W.H.O.I./ Climatology and Air/Sea Interaction (WHOI/CASI) data collection and provides an initial index to its various components.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C-0262; NR 083-004 and for the National Science Foundation (Climate Dynamics Program, Atmospheric Sciences Division) under Grant ATM 77-014?5.
    Keywords: Climatology ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 17
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    Atlantis II : cruise 102 : preliminary CTD data from Jasin 1978 (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: 102 profiles of conductivity, temperature, and depth (pressure) (CTD) were taken in the JASIN area northwest of Scotland in July-September 1978. These stations consisted of single and yo-yo profiles. The data set includes 14 stations taken near Anton Dohrn Seamount at 57°30'N, 11°W . Plotted profiles of temperature, salinity, sigma-theta, and buoyancy frequency, and a listing of the data, are included for most stations.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-G-0197, NR 083-400, and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE77-25803.
    Keywords: Joint Air-Sea Interaction Project ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII102
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  • 18
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    Updated charts of the mean annual wind stress, convergences in the Ekman layers, and Sverdrup transports in the North Atlantic (2018)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Also published as: Journal of Marine Research, Volwne 36, 3, 1978, pp. 311-322.
    Description: From the wind stress computation of Bunker (1976) for the North Atlantic, the annual mean and seasonal vertical velocities which result from convergences in the Ekman Layers are computed. Charts of the geostrophic and total transport (geostrophic plus Ekman) are constructed using the Sverdrup relationship. Of particular interest are an intense current leaving the coast at the point where the Gulf Stream separates and a cyclonic gyre north of the Stream in this area. Good agreement exists between the computed features of the large scale circulation patterns and the observed ones. Close correspondence exists between the predicted and observed paths of the Gulf Stream; separation from the coast occurs at the maxima in the wind stress.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C-0262; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: Winds ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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  • 19
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    A compilation of moored current meter and wind observations : volume VII (1968 measurements) (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Summaries of wind and current measurements made with wind recorders and current meters by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution during the year 1968 are presented. Averaged quantities are presented in computer-generated output as basic statistics, spectra diagrams, progressive vector diagrams, and east-north component plots.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-66-C0262; NR 083-004.
    Keywords: Deep-sea moorings ; Ocean currents ; Ocean temperature ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Crawford (Ship) Cruise 167 ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII46 ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII44 ; Gosnold (Ship : 1962-1973) Cruise 139 ; Chain (Ship : 1958-) Cruise CH86 ; Chain (Ship : 1958-) Cruise CH90 ; Chain (Ship : 1958-) Cruise CH92
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 20
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    Variability of sea-floor roughness within the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) region (2017)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report briefly summarizes the geological and biological data taken oft northern California before and during the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) (Allen et al, 1982) by the principal investigators of the bottom stress/bottom boundary layer component of CODE (D. Cacchione, D. Drake, USGS; and W. Grant, A. Williams, WHOI) and other cooperating investigators of the U.S. Geological Survey.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 80-14938 and OCE 80-14941 and by the United States Geological Survey.
    Keywords: Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) ; Ocean waves ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Ocean bottom
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 21
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    CODE-1 : moored array and large-scale data report (2017)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) was undertaken to identify and study the important dynamical processes which govern the wind-driven motion of coastal water over the continental shelf. The initial effort in this multi-year, multi-institutional research program was to obtain high-quality data sets of all the relevant physical variables needed to construct accurate kinematic and dynamic descriptions of the response of shelf water to strong wind forcing in the 2 to 10 day band. A series of two small-scale, densely-instrumented field experiments of approximately four months duration (called CODE-1 and CODE-2) were designed to explore and to determine the kinematics and momentum and heat balances of the local wind-driven flow over a region of the northern California shelf which is characterized by both relatively simple bottom topography and large wind stress events in both winter and summer. A more lightly instrumented, long-term, large-scale component was designed to help separate the local wind-driven response in the region of the small-scale experiments from motions generated either offshore by the California Current system or in some distant region along the coast, and also to help determine the seasonal cycles of the atmospheric forcing, water structure, and coastal currents over the northern California shelf. The first small-scale experiment (CODE-1) was conducted between April and August, 1981 as a pilot study in which primary emphasis was placed on characterizing the wind-driven "signal" and the "noise" from which this signal must be extracted. In particular, CODE-1 was designed to identify the key features of the circulation and its variability over the northern California shelf and to determine the important time and length scales of the wind-driven response. This report presents a basic description of the moored array data and some other Eulerian data collected during CODE-1. A brief description of the CODE-1 field program is presented first, followed by a description of the common data analysis procedures used to produce the various data sets presented here. Then basic descriptions of the following data sets are presented: (a) the coastal and moored meteorological measurements, (b) the moored current measurements, (c) the moored temperature and conductivity observations, (d) the bottom pressure measurements, and (e) the wind and adjusted coastal sea level observations obtained as part of the CODE-1 large-scale component.
    Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 80-14941.
    Keywords: Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) ; Ocean waves ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 22
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    A compilation of moored current meter and wind recorder data : volume XXXV, Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) ; (Moorings 764, 765, 766, 767, 770), May 1982 - April 1983 (2016)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: LOTUS was a two-year experiment near 34°N, 70°W, designed to acquire and analyse a continuous set of measurements of currents and temperatures in the upper, open ocean together with local hydrography, meteorology, and mesoscale oceanographic features. The first scientific moorings were deployed in May 1982. The first year of mooring data, from May 1982- April 1983, is presented here.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contracts No. N00014-76-C-0197, NR 083-400 and N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400.
    Keywords: Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) ; Ocean temperature ; Ocean currents ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Deep-sea moorings
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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