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  • Articles  (11)
  • Etna  (8)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations  (4)
  • American Geophysical Union  (6)
  • MISCELLANEA INGV  (5)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Elsevier B.V.
  • 2015-2019  (11)
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  • Articles  (11)
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  • 1
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    How a complex basaltic volcanic system works: constraints from integrating seismic, geodetic and petrological data at Mt. Etna volcano during the July-August 2014 eruption (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-07
    Description: Integrating geodetic, seismic, and petrological data for a recent eruptive episode at Mount Etna has enabled us to define the history of magma storage and transfer within the multilevel structure of the volcano, providing spatial and temporal constraints for magma movements before the eruption. Geodetic data related to the July–August 2014 activity provide evidence of a magma reservoir at ~4 km below sea level. This reservoir pressurized from late March 2014 and fed magmas that were then erupted from vents on the lower eastern flank of North-East Crater (NEC) and at New South-East Crater (NSEC) summit crater during the July eruptive activity. Magma drainage caused its depressurization since mid-July. Textural and microanalytical data obtained from plagioclase crystals indicate similar disequilibrium textures and compositions at the cores in lavas erupted at the base of NEC and NSEC, suggesting comparable deep histories of evolution and ascent. Conversely, the compositional differences observed at the crystal rims have been associated to distinct degassing styles during storage in a shallow magma reservoir. Seismic data have constrained depth for a shallow part of the plumbing system at 1–2 km above sea level. Timescales of magma storage and transfer have also been calculated through diffusion modeling of zoning in olivine crystals of the two systems. Our data reveal a common deep history of magmas from the two systems, which is consistent with a recharging phase by more mafic magma between late March and early June 2014. Later, the magma continued its crystallization under distinct chemical and physical conditions at shallower levels.
    Description: The petrological part of this study was supported by the FIR 2014 research grant to Marco Viccaro from the University of Catania (Italy), grant number 2F119B, title of the project “Dynamics of evolution, ascent and emplacement of basic magmas: case-studies from eruptive manifestations of Eastern Sicily”.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5659–5678
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Petrology ; eruption ; GPS ; volcano seismology ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    New insights into the 2008-2009 Etna eruption from in-soil radon measurements and seismic activity (2017)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: One of the main aims of the WP5 Task 5.1 “Characterization of the threatening phenomena from space and ground” of the European MEDiterrranean Supersite Volcanoes (MED­SUV) project was the analysis of the Mt. Etna eruptive activity from a multidisciplinary perspective. In this paper, we take into account an eruptive event, which offers an intriguing case study to scrutinize the relationships between a few geochemical and geophysical parameters during a long-lasting (15 months) lava emission. The eruption started on 13 May 2008, three days after a lava fountaining, and finished on 6 July 2009. Based on continuous borehole measurements of in-soil radon (Rn) emission and ambient parameters (barometric pressure and air temperature measurements), we explore the variations of the gas before and during the eruptive activity in the light of local seismic activity, considering volcanic tremor and earthquakes. We can shed light on the dyke intrusion that fed this eruption also exploiting an exceptional point of view, as the station for the Rn flux measurements is located on a fumarole at an altitude of 2950 m above sea level and near (~1 km) the summit active craters. Accordingly, this study offers new insights on the recharging phases that preceded and accompanied the 2008-2009 eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: Rome, Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: eruptions ; Radon measurements ; seismic activity ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
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    Lidar surveys reveal eruptive volumes and rates at Etna, 2007–2010 (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The quantification of eruptive activity represents one major challenge in volcanology. Digital comparison of lidar-based elevation models of Etna (Italy) was made to quantify the volumes of volcanics emitted in 2007–2010. During this period, Etna produced several summit paroxysms followed by a flank eruption. We integrated the total volume difference resulting from the subtraction of the 2007 and 2010 digital elevation models with volumes of eruptive products based on field and aerial surveys to attribute volumes with hitherto unrealized precision to poorly constrained eruptions. The total erupted volume of 2007–2010 is 〉86 × 106m3, most (~74 × 106m3) of which is made up by the lava flows of the 2008–2009 flank eruption. The survey also reveals the high lava volume (5.73 × 106m3) and average eruption rate (~400m3 s 1) of the 10 May 2008 paroxysm, whose flow front stopped 6.2km from the vent, not far from the town of Zafferana Etnea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4270–4278
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: LiDAR ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Twenty-five years of continuous borehole tilt and vertical displacement data at Mount Etna: Insights on long-term volcanic dynamics (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report a 25 year-long data set (1990–2014) of combined continuous tilt and GPS vertical displacement series recorded at Etna volcano. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a data set on an active volcano has been presented. We show the coherence of the two series, which help draw new insights on how the volcano, characterized by frequent flank eruptions, works in the long-term (tens of years). This data set provides evidence that after the 1992–1993 flank eruption (the biggest in the last three centuries) and the following major recharging phase (1994–2001), all the ensuing eruptions fall within a single long-term reequilibrium phase (2001–2014).
    Description: Published
    Description: 10222–10229
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: tilt ; gps ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    MED-SUV project: First results and ongoing activities of WP 5 – Task 5.1. Characterization of the threatening phenomena from space and ground (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: Explosive events, lava-fountains and effusions frequently characterize eruptive activity at Etna. Consequently, the town of Catania and many local municipalities are potentially exposed to ash fallout and lava flows. Besides volcanic hazard, earthquakes and landslides affect this volcanic region as well. The Task 5.1 of the European project "MED-SUV'' (Grant Agreement n°. 308665) deals with the observation of these threatening phenomena from space and ground and their characterization and understanding. The Task encompasses six subtasks, which focus on and analyze the aforementioned hazards in terms of their characteristics, duration and spatial dimension: • Test cases for significant eruptive events have been defined by the subtask 5.1.1. The time span from 2005 to 2011 was chosen for its wealth of eruptive episodes and their well-documented evolution; • The mapping of eruptive products from satellite data will allow us the improvement of the interpretation and modeling of the mechanisms of cone-forming and lava flow emplacement. This topic is developed in the subtask 5.1.2; • Multidisciplinary experiments are planned in the subtask 5.1.3, and will be carried out at the North­ East Crater in July 2014; • Another important deliverable is given by tools of data mining proposed by the subtask 5.1.4. These tools will be available for the analysis of parameters of whatever nature (e.g., geochemical, geophysical), providing they are processed in numerical format; • The subtask 5.1.5 provides a characterization of the volcanic plume and eruptive products, with an integrated analysis of atmospheric, satellite and ground-based measurements, which play an important role in ash-cloud dispersal models; • The sub 5.1.6 focuses on landslide susceptibility analysis and zoning. The goal will be to highlight the regional distribution of potentially unstable slopes based on a detailed study of the factors responsible for landslides.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic activity ; threatening phenomena ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
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    Neotectonics and long-term seismicity in Europe and the Mediterranean region (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: We present a neotectonic model of ongoing lithosphere deformation and a corresponding estimate of long-term shallow seismicity across the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary, including the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean region, and continental Europe. GPS and stress data are absent or inadequate for the part of the study area covered by water. Thus, we opt for a dynamic model based on the stress-equilibrium equation; this approach allows us to estimate the long-term behavior of the lithosphere (given certain assumptions about its structure and physics) for both land and sea areas. We first update the existing plate model by adding five quasi-rigid plates (the Ionian Sea, Adria, Northern Greece, Central Greece, and Marmara) to constrain the deformation pattern of the study area. We use the most recent datasets to estimate the lithospheric structure. The models are evaluated in comparison with updated datasets of geodetic velocities and the most compressive horizontal principal stress azimuths. We find that the side and basal strengths drive the present-day motion of the Adria and Aegean Sea plates, whereas lithostatic pressure plays a key role in driving Anatolia. These findings provide new insights into the neotectonics of the greater Mediterranean region. Finally, the preferred model is used to estimate long-term shallow seismicity, which we retrospectively test against historical seismicity. As an alternative to reliance on incomplete geologic data or historical seismic catalogs, these neotectonic models help to forecast long-term seismicity, although requiring additional tuning before seismicity rates are used for seismic hazard purposes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5311–5342
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Earthquake rates ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Experimental study of the interplay between magmatic rift intrusion and flank instability with application to the 2001 Mount Etna eruption (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Mount Etna volcano is subject to transient magmatic intrusions and flank movement. The east flank of the edifice, in particular, is moving eastward and is dissected by the Timpe Fault System. The relationship of this eastward motion with intrusions and tectonic fault motion, however, remains poorly constrained. Here we explore this relationship by using analogue experiments that are designed to simulate magmatic rift intrusion, flank movement, and fault activity before, during, and after a magmatic intrusion episode. Using particle image velocimetry allows for a precise temporal and spatial analysis of the development and activity of fault systems. The results show that the occurrence of rift intrusion episodes has a direct effect on fault activity. In such a situation, fault activitymay occur or may be hindered, depending on the interplay of fault displacement and flank acceleration in response to dike intrusion. Our results demonstrate that a complex interplaymay exist between an active tectonic fault system and magmatically induced flank instability. Episodes of magmatic intrusion change the intensity pattern of horizontal flank displacements andmay hinder or activate associated faults. We further compare our results with the GPS data of the Mount Etna 2001 eruption and intrusion. We find that syneruptive displacement rates at the Timpe Fault System have differed from the preeruptive or posteruptive periods, which shows a good agreement of both the experimental and the GPS data. Therefore, understanding the flank instability and flank stability at Mount Etna requires consideration of both tectonic and magmatic forcing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5356-5368
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: analogue models ; strain ; stress ; eruption ; flank dynamics ; GPS ; faults ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Failed eruptions : examples revealed by a multidisciplinary study at Mt Etna in spring 2007 (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Continuous monitoring at Mt. Etna volcano usually unveils remarkable changes in geophysical and geochemical parameters before the onset of volcanic activity. However, signals of apparent impending volcanic unrest are sometimes recorded without being followed by any eruption. Based on data acquired by the permanent monitoring networks run by INGV, we present cases of "failed eruptions" at Mt Etna from February to April 2007. In the time span analyzed, there were recurrent seismic unrest episodes in the form of enhancements of the volcanic tremor amplitude, which did not culminate in eruptive activity. To explain the origin of these variations, we propose a multidisciplinary study, in which we analyze plume S02 flux, in­ soil radon and ambient parameters (pressure and temperature), thermal and volcanic tremor data. A pattern classification method based on Kohonen maps and fuzzy clustering sheds further light on changes in volcanic tremor, radon and ambient parameters. Overall, we conclude that the variations observed were the results of episodes of gas pulses and/or rock fracturing. The fluid pressure build up allowed upraise of magma batches that generally failed to reach the surface. Actually, only two "real eruptions" (with short­-lived lava fountains on March 29 and April 10-11) occurred during the studied period. In summary, the application of unsupervised classification techniques to volcanic tremor, radon data and ambient parameters represent a promising tool for the surveillance of active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; data mining ; seismic data ; thermal data ; SO2 flux ; in-situ Radon measurement ; failed eruption ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Mt. Etna Test Cases for MED-SUV project. (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the framework of MED-SUV, WP5 is in charge of studying Mt. Etna's volcanic activity. We defmed periods and phenomena of the volcano activity to be used by the WP5 partners as Test Cases in the time window 2005-2011 i.e. that of the data available in the MED-SUV database. Overall, characterisation of eruptive activity and/or periods of quiescence will improve our knowledge on the geophysical and geochemical processes taking place inside Mt. Etna's volcanic system. These processes to be characterized include: • magma formation and evolution, • conditions of storage and transfer of magma in reservoirs at different levels within the crust; • physical and chemical interaction of magma with surrounding rocks and fracture/fault systems and their effects at the surface; • opening of eruptive vents/fissures as well as eruptive processes (including the formation and evolution of lava fields, volcanic plumes, pyroclastic fallout, etc.). The joint effort around the Test Cases will help the WP5 team addressing key questions such as: • what has determined changes of Mt. Etna eruptive style (mainly effusive vs. short-lasting, frequent paroxysmal events) in the last decades? • how is the shallow plumbing system (-1-4 km from the summit) structured? What are the processes occurring in this portion of the volcano feeding system and the key parameters controlling these processes? How does magma behave at shallow depths? • what is the suitability of cross-correlated parameters/models for shedding light on the relationship between shallow (〈5-6 km) earthquakes of the eastern flank ofMt. Etna and volcanic activity (if any)? For such questions, analysing carefully the periods of "quiescence" that precede eruptions is not less important than analyzing the eruptions themselves.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic activity ; test cases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 10
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    Sill intrusion as a source mechanism of unrest at volcanic calderas (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The interpretation of dynamic processes that occur in volcanic calderas is not simple. The ground deformations and the local seismicity, which in other volcanic contexts are usually regarded as precursors to eruption, in caldera environment in many cases are not followed by any eruption. We formulate a general hypothesis that can explain these behaviors. Our hypothesis is that the intrusion of a sill can be responsible for the dynamics observed during unrest at calderas. In order to investigate the reliability of this hypothesis, we developed a dynamic model of sill intrusion in a shallow volcanic environment. In our model, the sill, fed by a deeper magma reservoir, intrudes below a horizontal elastic plate, representing the overlying rocks, and expands with axisymmetric geometry. The model is based on the numerical solution of the equation for the elastic plate, coupled with a Navier-Stokes equation for simulating the dynamics of the sill intrusion. We performed a number of simulations, with the objective of showing the main features of the model. In the experiments, when the feeding process stops, the vertical movement reverses its trend and the area of maximum uplift undergoes subsidence. Under certain conditions the subsidence can occur even during the intrusion of the sill. The stress field produced by the intrusion is mainly concentrated in a circular zone that follows the sill intrusion front. The features predicted by the model are consistent with many observations carried out on different calderas as reported in the scientific literature.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3986–4000
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: sill intrusion ; caldera ; volcano geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Factors Controlling the Transition from Strombolian Explosions to Lava Fountaining at Mount Etna: a Mass- and Energy-Constrained Model from the 2013 Paroxysmal Activity (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-03
    Description: A multidisciplinary approach based on image analysis of seismic signals, thermodynamics and mass balance has been here adopted to find quantitative relations between magma degassing at depth and the transition from Strombolian activity to lava fountaining for a set of paroxysmal eruptions occurred at Mt. Etna volcano in March-April 2013. The image processing of the seismogram allows handling of a huge quantity of data, providing a tool for the simple extraction of numerical values. We propose a model based on the consideration that gas outbursts are a vehicle of the transfer of energy tracked by seismic signals during the uprising of magma. Thus, the simple assumption of a relation of proportionality between the energy of the seismic signal and the mass of exsolved gas allows us to interpret transitions of the eruptive style as due to the amount of undegassed magma recharging the feeding system. Changes of this recharge rate in the range of 1:20 control the evolution of the eruptive process, and are evidence for the limited area section of the feeding conduit. Being this transition process observed in volcanic regions worldwide, the model can be successfully applied to other basaltic volcanoes. Furthermore, the image analysis technique may be applied to other contexts in which the interpretation of seismograms is necessary.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; magma degassing ; modelling ; image processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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