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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1,282)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics  (10)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,288)
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (4)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2015-2019  (10)
  • 1955-1959  (673)
  • 1940-1944  (609)
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  • 1
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    Discriminating among distinct source models of the 1908 Messina Straits earthquake by modelling intensity data through full wavefield seismograms (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Macroseismic intensities are the only available data for most historical earthquakes and often represent the unique source of information for crucial events in the definition of seismic hazard. In this paper, we attempt at getting insight into source characteristics by reproducing the observed intensity field. As a test case, we study the source of 1908 Messina Straits earthquake ( M W = 7.1), by testing three distinct fault models deduced from the analysis of geodeticdata.Startingfromthestaticslipdistribution,wedevelop kinematicsourcemodelsfor the investigated fault and compute full waveform synthetic seismograms in a 1-D structural model, also accounting for anelastic attenuation. Then, we convert both computed peak- ground acceleration (PGA) and peak-ground velocity (PGV) to macroseismic intensity at 100 selected sites, by means of specific empirical relations for the Italian region. By comparing the original data separately with PGA- and PGV-based intensity fields, we discriminate among the tested faults and determine the best values for the investigated kinematic parameters of the source. We also perform a misfit analysis for the best source model, in order to investigate the dependence of the results on the selected parametrization. The results of the analysis indicate that among the tested models, the one characterized by an east-dipping fault, with strike- oriented NS slightly rotated clockwise, better explains the observed macroseismic field of the 1908 Messina Straits earthquake. Besides, the fracture nucleated at the southern end of the fault and ruptured northward, producing considerable directivity effects. This is in agreement with the published results obtained from the investigation of the historical seismograms. We alsodeterminerealisticvalues fortherupturevelocityand therise-time.Ourstudyconfirms the greatpotentialofthemacroseismicdata,demonstratingthattheycontainenoughinformationto constrain important characteristics of the fault, which can be retrieved by using complex source models and computing complete wavefield. Moreover, we also show that the simultaneous comparison of both PGA- and PGV-based synthetic macroseismic fields with the original intensities provides tighter constraints for discriminating among different source models, with respect to what attainable from each of them
    Description: Published
    Description: 164-173
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions; Earthquake source observations. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    ANISOMAT+: An automatic tool to retrieve seismic anisotropy from local earthquakes (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An automatic analysis code called ANISOMAT+ has been developed and improved to automatically retrieve the crustal anisotropic parameters fast polarization direction (ϕ) and delay time (δt) related to the shear wave splitting phenomena affecting seismic S-wave. The code is composed of a set of MatLab scripts and functions able to evaluate the anisotropic parameters from the three-component seismic recordings of local earthquakes using the cross-correlation method. Because the aim of the code is to achieve a fully automatic evaluation of anisotropic parameters, during the development of the code we focus our attention to devise several automatic checks intended to guarantee the quality and the stability of the results obtained. The basic idea behind the development of this automatic code is to build a tool able to work on a huge amount of data in a short time, obtaining stable results and minimizing the errors due to the subjectivity. These behaviors, coupled to a three component digital seismic network and a monitoring system that performs automatic pickings and locations, are required to develop a real-time monitoring of the anisotropic parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-68
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: shear wave splitting, Earthquake forecast, Anisotropy, Cross-correlation method ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Comment on ‘Are the source models of the M 7.1 1908 Messina Straits earthquake reliable? Insights from a novel inversion and sensitivity analysis of levelling data’ by M. Aloisi, V. Bruno, F. Cannav ` o, L. Ferranti, M. Mattia, C. Monaco and M. Palano (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In a recent paper, important issues were raised about the identification of the fault responsible for the 1908 Messina Straits earthquake. Starting with a reanalysis of the available original geodetic data, the authors aimed to demonstrate that both of the fault–plane orientations derived by the focal mechanism are compatible with the measurements. On these grounds, and based on geological considerations, they argued in favour of the Armo fault—a high-angled structure on the Calabrian side of the Messina Straits—as responsible for the 1908 earthquake. We indicate here that their analysis has some pitfalls that produce questionable results, and that render their conclusions unreliable. Moreover, especially when dealing with such old events and data, we consider that it is more prudent not to derive conclusions on the basis of a single data set, as all of the available information should be included in any interpretation. Indeed, when the joint results of the seismological and geodetic analyses are taken into account, a consistent and robust source model can be derived that indicates that a low-angle, east-dipping fault is the most likely source of this 1908 Messina Straits earthquake
    Description: Published
    Description: 1399-1402
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake source observations; Seismicity and tectonics; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Monitoring of crustal seismic velocity variations in the L'Aquila fault zone inferred from noise cross-correlation (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The relative seismic velocity variations possibly associated to large earthquakes can be readily monitored via cross-correlation of seismic noise. In a recently published study, more than 2 yr of continuous seismic records have been analysed from three stations surrounding the epicentre of the 2009 April 6, Mw 6.1 L’Aquila earthquake, observing a clear decrease of seismic velocities likely corresponding to the co-seismic shaking. Here, we extend the analysis in space, including seismic stations within a radius of 60 km from the main shock epicentre, and in time, collecting 5 yr of data for the six stations within 40 km of it. Our aim is to investigate how far the crustal damage is visible through this technique, and to detect a potential post-seismic recovery of velocity variations. We find that the co-seismic drop in velocity variations extends up to 40 km from the epicentre, with spatial distribution (maximum around the fault and in the north– east direction from it) in agreement with the horizontal co-seismic displacement detected by global positioning system (GPS). In the first few months after L’Aquila earthquake, the crust’s perturbation in terms of velocity variations displays a very unstable behaviour, followed by a slow linear recovery towards pre-earthquake conditions; by almost 4 yr after the event, the co-seismic drop of seismic velocity is not yet fully recovered. The strong oscillations of the velocity changes in the first months after the earthquake prevent to detect the fast exponential recovery seen by GPS data. A test of differently parametrized fitting curves demonstrate that the post-seismic recovery is best explained by a sum of a logarithmic and a linear term, suggesting that processes like viscoelastic relaxation, frictional afterlip and poroelastic rebound may be acting concurrently.
    Description: Published
    Description: 604-6011
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Time-series analysis; Interferometry; Computational seismology; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Fluid pressure waves trigger earthquakes (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Fluids—essentially meteoric water—are present everywhere in the Earth’s crust, occasionally also with pressures higher than hydrostatic due to the tectonic strain imposed on impermeable undrained layers, to the impoundment of artificial lakes or to the forced injections required by oil and gas exploration and production. Experimental evidence suggests that such fluids flow along preferred paths of high diffusivity, provided by rock joints and faults. Studying the coupled poroelastic problem, we find that such flow is ruled by a nonlinear partial differential equation amenable to a Barenblatt-type solution, implying that it takes place in formof solitary pressure waves propagating at a velocity which decreases with time as v ∝t [1/(n − 1) − 1] with n 7. According to Tresca-Von Mises criterion, these waves appear to play a major role in earthquake triggering, being also capable to account for aftershock delay without any further assumption. The measure of stress and fluid pressure inside active faults may therefore provide direct information about fault potential instability.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1281–1285
    Description: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: forecasting and prediction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Active deformation and seismicity in the Southern Alps (Italy): the Montello hill as a case study.
 (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Montello anticline is a morphotectonic feature of the east pede-mountain of the South Alpine Chain in northern Italy, which lies ca. 40 km northwest of Venice, Italy. The purpose of this study is to characterize the present-day crustal deformation and seismotectonics of the Montello area through multi-parametric geophysical observations. We used new data obtained from the installation of a temporary network of 12 seismic stations and 6 GPS sites. The GPS observations indicate that there is ~1 mm/yr shortening across the Montello thrust. Sites located north of the Montello thrust front deviate from the ~NNW-ward Adria-Eurasia convergence direction, as they are constrained by a relative rotation pole in northwestern Italy that has a NNE-ward motion trend. Over 18 months, seismographic recordings allowed us to locate 142 local seismic events with Ml 0.5-3.5 with good reliability (rms 〈0.5). After cross-correlation analysis, we classified 42 of these events into six clusters, with cross-correlation thresholds 〉0.80. The source focal solutions indicate that: (i) there is thrusting seismic activity on the basal, sub-horizontal, portion of the Montello structure; and (ii) strike-slip source kinematics prevail on the western edge of the Montello hill. Our observations on the source mechanisms and the measured crustal deformation confirm that the Montello thrust is tectonically active.
    Description: Published
    Description: 95-108
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Northern Italy ; Eastern Southern Alps ; Tectonic deformation ; Satellite geodesy ; Earthquake source observation ; Continental neotectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Accounting for source effects in the ShakeMap procedure: the 2000 Tottori and the 2008 Miyagi earthquakes (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Real-time seismology has made significant improvements in recent years, with source parameters now available within a few tens of minutes after an earthquake. It is likely that this time will be further reduced, in the near future, by means of increased efficiency in real-time transmission,increasingdatacoverageandimprovementofthemethodologies.Inthiscontext, together with the development of new ground motion predictive equations (GMPEs) that are abletoaccountforsourcecomplexity,thegenerationofstronggroundmotionshakingmapsin quasi-real time has become ever more feasible after the occurrence of a damaging earthquake. However, GMPEs may not reproduce reliably the ground motion in the near-source region where the finite fault parameters have a strong influence on the shaking. Inthispaperwetestwhetheraccountingforsource-relatedeffectsiseffectiveinbettercharacterizingthegroundmotion.WeintroduceamodificationoftheGMPEswithintheShakeMap softwarepackage,andsubsequentlytesttheaccuracyofthenewlygeneratedshakemapsinpredictingthegroundmotion.ThetestisconductedbycontrollingtheperformanceofShakeMap as we decrease the amount of the available information. We then update ShakeMap with the GMPE modified with a corrective factor accounting for source effects, in order to better constrain these effects that likely influence the level of (near-source) ground shaking. Weinvestigatetwowell-recordedearthquakesfromJapan(the2000Tottori, Mw 6.6,andthe 2008 Iwate-Miyagi, Mw7.0, events) where the instrumental coverage is as dense as needed to ensure an objective appraisal of the results. The results demonstrate that the corrected GMPE can capture only some aspects of the ground shaking in the near-source area, neglecting other multidimensional effects, such as propagation effects and local site amplification.
    Description: Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile(DPC)under the contract 2007–2009 DPC-INGVS3project
    Description: Published
    Description: 1836-1848
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions ; Earthquake source observation ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Near-field radiated wave field may help to understand the style of the supershear transition of dynamic ruptures (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Supershear earthquakes are known to leave special signatures in the signals on the fault (fault slip velocity, dynamic traction evolution, energy flux, etc.) and in the ground motions. Moreover, two different styles of supershear transition have been identified; in the direct transition (DT) mechanism the rupture speed continuously increases from the sub-Rayleigh to the terminal speed of P waves, while in the mother–daughter (MD) mechanism a forbidden zone of rupture speed exists and a secondary pseudorupture is generated ahead of the primary rupture front. Here we found that the off-fault signals (wavefields) generated by these two mechanisms are rather different, in that the MD case contains an enhanced trailing Rayleigh field, which has very low amplitudes (or it is even practically absent) in the DT case, and possess higher frequency content. Therefore, we show that it is possible to distinguish the style of the supershear transition from the records of real earthquakes. In particular, basing on the results of our numerical simulations, we can conclude that the Denali, Alaska, earthquake was basically controlled by a classical MD mechanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: 133-140
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Volcanic unrest leading to the July-August 2001 lateral eruption at Mt. Etna: seismological constraints (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A close relationship between earthquake swarms, volcanic eruptions, and ground deformation at Mt. Etna was well documented shortly before the beginning of the July–August 2001 eruption. Past experiences at this volcano suggest how magma/dike intrusion in the shallow crust or in the upper part of the volcanic pile normally occurs after several years/months of internal recharging. Since seismic investigations provide a means to study the scale and origin of stress perturbations at active volcanoes, allowing to better investigating the preparation phase of an eruption, in this paper, we performed a close examination of the seismic activity recorded at Mt. Etna in the months preceding the 2001 eruption and in particular between November 2000 and July 2001. After integrating data recorded by the two networks operating during that time and run by the Istituto Internazionale di Vulcanologia and SISTEMA POSEIDON, we relocated 522 earthquakes by using the tomoDD code in a 3D velocity model, and then we computed their fault plane solutions. The application of different selection criteria enabled obtaining a good-quality revised data set consisting of 111 fault plane solutions. The high-precision locations identified well-defined seismic clusters, in different periods, suggesting a link with the magma migration from a depth of 8–13 km b.s.l. towards shallower zones. Moreover, the computed maximum compressive stress axis, as inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms, indicated a roughlyW-E-oriented σ1. This findings reflect an overpressure of the mid to shallow crust due to the progressive magma uprising in central portion of the volcano and also highlighted a rotation of the local stress field with respect to the regional one N-S trending. In addition, P-axis distribution pointed out the presence of a center of pressure located to the south of the Central Craters. These results provide particularly compelling evidence for a direct causal link between pressurization of the midlevel volcanic plumbing system by ascending magma and precursory local stress field reorientations, demonstrating that seismological analysis can be used to detect subtle local stress changes that herald eruptive activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 11-23
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Volcanic unrest ; Mt. Etna ; earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Source modelling of the M5-6 Emilia-Romagna, Italy, earthquakes (May 20-29, 2012) (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-25
    Description: On 2012 May 20 and 29, two damaging earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 6.1 and 5.9, respectively, struck the Emilia-Romagna region in the sedimentary Po Plain, Northern Italy, causing 26 fatalities, significant damage to historical buildings and substantial impact to the economy of the region. The earthquake sequence included four more aftershocks with Mw ? 5.0, all at shallow depths (about 7–9 km), with similar WNW–ESE striking reverse mechanism. The timeline of the sequence suggests significant static stress interaction between the largest events. We perform here a detailed source inversion, first adopting a point source approximation and considering pure double couple and full moment tensor source models. We compare different extended source inversion approaches for the two largest events, and find that the rupture occurred in both cases along a subhorizontal plane, dipping towards SSW. Directivity is well detected for the May 20 main shock, indicating that the rupture propagated unilaterally towards SE. Based on the focal mechanism solution, we further estimate the co-seismic static stress change induced by the May 20 event. By using the rate-and-state model and a Poissonian earthquake occurrence, we infer that the second largest event of May 29 was induced with a probability in the range 0.2–0.4. This suggests that the segment of fault was already prone to rupture. Finally, we estimate peak ground accelerations for the two main events as occurred separately or simultaneously. For the scenario involving hypothetical rupture areas of both main events, we estimate Mw = 6.3 and an increase of ground acceleration by 50 per cent. The approach we propose may help to quantify rapidly which regions are invested by a significant increase of the hazard, bearing the potential for large aftershocks or even a second main shock.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1658-1672
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake dynamics ; Earthquake source observations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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