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  • Articles  (33)
  • 61.70  (33)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (33)
  • 1915-1919
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (33)
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  • Articles  (33)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (33)
  • Philosophy
  • Physics  (34)
  • 1
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    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 121-127 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.85 ; 68.55 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The importance of collecting the distribution of scattered X-rays in two dimensions with the “right probe” will be addressed. The data-collection method will be briefly covered and how this greatly assists the interpretation of structural features giving rise to the distributed X-ray scattering. The combination of diffraction-space mapping with multiple crystal topography will also be presented to show how any region of scattering can be related to lateral structural changes or crystal imperfections. The simulation of the diffraction profiles of structures with defects will be addressed as well as the interpretation of “unusual and strange” diffraction features observed in high resolution, which yield further useful information on the materials under study.
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  • 2
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    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 191-195 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.40 ; 78.20 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Holograms may be recorded in photorefractive LiNbO3:Cu with pulsed infrared light (wavelength λ=1064 nm, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser), if the crystals are previously or simultaneously illuminated with a green (λ=532 nm) light pulse. We study refractive index changes and time constants of as-grown and thermally treated crystals with different copper concentrations. A model explaining this effect is discussed.
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  • 3
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    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 163-168 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.70. Bj ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Samples of the near equiatomic NiSb compound were irradiated by 3 MeV electrons at 20 K or quenched from 1103 K and 1333 K and subsequently annealed isochronally. The behaviour of defects created by quench or irradiation were studied by the positron annihilation technique. Only one recovery stage was found around 425 K for quenched specimens, but two distinct stages (100 K and 425 K) were observed after irradiation. The 425 K stage is ascribed to the migration of Ni vacancies giving dislocation loops. The recombination of mobile interstitials with vacancies after irradiation is assumed to occur between 100 K and 250 K. Doppler broadening and lifetime variations of positrons as a function of the measuring temperature in these irradiation samples are discussed.
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  • 4
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    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 563-567 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 72.40 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photoconductivities and photovoltaic currents of ruthenium-doped KNbO3 are orders of magnitude larger than that of undoped and ion-doped crystals. KNbO3:Ru is very sensitive for holographic recording with red light and the photovoltaic current increases sublinearly with light intensity.
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  • 5
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    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 245-251 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.00 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An electron trap having an energy level of 0.14 eV from the conduction band edge was found in the bulk of copper-diffused VPE-grown n-GaAs0.6P0.4 by conventional DLTS measurements and by pulse-duration dependent capacitance amplitude measurements. The capture cross section at room temperature is about 1.0×10−21 cm2 and has a weak temperature dependence. These properties are attributed to a non-repulsive center having a capturing mechanism which involves multiphonon emission processes with hardly any lattice relaxation. Evolution of the spatial distributions of the traps with time under junction electric field were studied. The results suggest that the trap is positively charged and has a high diffusivity under electric field. The center can thus be identified as positively charged interstitial copper ion rather than some form of copper complexes.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 61.70 ; 74.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ultrathin epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ on SrTiO3 prepared by Direct Current (DC) sputtering and pulsed laser deposition were imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to follow the different stages of growth of the thin films. Series of films with thicknesses between 1.2 nm and 12 nm (1–10 monolayers of YBa2Cu3O7−δ) were prepared under identical conditions, optimized with respect to electrical and structural properties, to obtain information on the mechanisms responsible for the formation of growth spirals which are commonly observed in films having a thickness of several 10 nm or more. It could be shown that few layers are formed by a layered growth mode where material is attached laterally to 2D islands which are only one c-axis unit cell in height. In a later stage of growth when about 8–10 layers have been formed, the growth process changes to a mode which is mediated by growth spirals. This could be directly monitored in the AFM images where different defect structures like vertically sheared growth fronts and dendrite-like terraces of stacked islands as well as the resulting growth spirals could be identified.
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  • 7
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    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 61.70 ; 72.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Holograms recorded under suitable conditions in photorefractive BaTiO3 exhibit an unusual dark build-up. The diffraction efficiency increases by some orders of magnitude after the recording beams are switched off, and then steadily decreases afterwards. An interpretation of this effect in terms of a two-center charge transport model is given.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 68.35 ; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The laser-induced solid-state explosive nucleation in amorphous media is studied analytically. The shapes of the temperature switching wave and that of the nucleation front as well as the formula for the front velocity are derived considering also self-consistent medium deformation. Two conditions of explosive nucleation reflecting the roles of latent heat emission and of deformation are formulated. It is shown that, in explosive nucleation, the rate of internal heat emission is proportional to the square of the latent crystallization heat (“superemission”) in analogy to photon superradiance in initially inverted two-level atomic systems.
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  • 9
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    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 377-383 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.80 ; 61.70 ; 81.10 ; 85.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) allows to study a wide range of device-relevant topics in heteroepitaxial layer structures. Quantitative HREM may be used to obtain chemical information on a near-atomic scale from interfacial transition zones. The physical background is described and demonstrated on several examples in the Al x Gal1−x As/GaAs system. The HREM contrast of antiphase boundaries in InP grown on Si was studied by image simulations and has been compared to experimental images. Silicon carbide precipitates were identified by HREM at the homoepitaxial Si/Si interface. They stem from carbon contamination prior to Si layer growth.
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  • 10
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    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 69-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 73.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A computer simulation study of the capacitance of a surface space charge layer in undoped n-GaAs grown by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy is presented. The effect of the deep donor level EL2 on the surface capacitance of epilayers with an ideal free surface is estimated. In order to approach the as-grown layer surface the model used is extended considering MIS and Schottky-barrier structures and their voltage-capacitance curves are analysed. The theoretical C-V dependences are compared with experimental C-V curves of a real structure including N+-GaAs substrate, undoped n-GaAs epitaxial layer containing EL2 levels and thin native oxide. Conditions are determined at which the EL2 levels as well as the native oxide film may influence the capacitance characteristics.
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  • 11
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    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 323-327 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 75.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the magnetic after-effect in magnetite have been made in the temperature range 200 to 600 K. Important relaxation peaks have been observed in the temperature range 250 to 350 K (peak III) and 400 to 550 K (peak I). A study of both the dynamics and the parameters of the defects are consistent with an interpretation of peak III and peak I in magnetite as a combined after-effect due to octahedrally coordinated vacancies.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.30 ; 68.55 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Macroscopic defects of the GaAs surface grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been investigated by using a micro-probing method of Raman spectroscopy. Especially, the oval defects, the most common macroscopic defects in MBE GaAs, were focused in this study. In Raman spectroscopy for the oval defect on the (100)GaAs surface, TO phonon mode of the 269 cm−1 peak was observed. This indicates that the oval defects can include the (111) growth direction or the amorphized surface. The TO/LO intensity ratios for the defects are in the range from 0.3 to 1.0. In the sample grown under the condition that the substrate temperature is 580° C with the As/Ga ratio of 20, the density of the oval defects is about 200 cm−2 at a growth thickness of 5 μm. With increasing thickness of the epilayer, the density and the size of the α-tye oval defect increased, while the TO/LO ratio decreased. From the spatial measurement by Raman spectroscopy for the α-type oval defect, it is supposed that the α-type oval defect remains in a rather good crystalline state and its orientation along the (100) growth direction is much closer to the (111) direction, but the growth direction of the defect might tend toward the (100) direction with a thicker layer.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.40 ; 61.70 ; 61.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Extended lattice damage created by implantation of 3.6 MeV Au2+ ions has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Systematic observations of damage for Au2+ ions implanted with varying doses into silicon are explained in terms of a model. The origin of two distinct bands of extended defects is explained in terms of annealing of the central region of implant-damage, during the course of the implantation. Two distinct bands of Au precipitates are observed in high-dose implanted samples. This observation is explained as being the result, in part, of segregation of gold in front of a recrystallizing front, and in part, of gettering of dopant-atoms to nodes in a dislocation network. The network arises as a result of dynamic annealing of damaged crystalline silicon.
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  • 14
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    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 64 ; 72.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal evolution of monoclinic SiAs precipitates at 1050° C in silicon samples implanted with 1 and 1.5×1017 As/cm2 was followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS). These experiments show, for the first time, the coexistence of two different states of As in silicon, i.e., the electrically active and the inactive mobile dopant, in equilibrium with monoclinic SiAs precipitates. Moreover, they provide, for the saturation concentration of As in silicon, which includes both these states, a value of 3×1021 cm−3 at 1050° C.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 61.16D ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have used STM to study the surface morphology of thin epitaxial Ge films grown on Si(001) in the presence of the “surfactant” As. The surfactant forces layer-by-layer growth up to 12 ML Ge coverage which could partly be explained by the geometrical surface arrangement of the growing film. Beyond 12 ML coverage we observed a network of trenches which decorate the earlier described V-shaped defects inside the film. Overgrowth of such defects is studied and a mechanism discussed.
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  • 16
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    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 517-519 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 62.20.Fe ; 64.70.−p
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical model is proposed which treats the diffusion-induced decay of fragment boundary disclinations as being a micromechanism for the solid state amorphization in mechanically alloyed materials. Within the framework of the suggested model the kinetics of amorphous-phase nucleation centres (spread cores of the decayed disclinations) is studied. In doing so, kinetic equations are suggested and solved, which describe the evolution of the radius of the amorphous core of the decayed disclination.
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  • 17
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    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electron-deformation-thermal theory of pulsed laser-induced point defect generation in strongly absorbing semiconductors is developed. The theoretical results obtained are in a good agreement with the results of experiments carried out in Ge, GaAs, and GaP.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.10 ; 61.70 ; 68.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of Si implanted with high doses of yttrium has been investigated by varying implantation doses and energies. As implantation doses increase into the low 1017 cm−2 range, silicide precipitates form. The precipitates are thin and long and lie parallel to {111} planes in the Si matrix. As dopant concentrations increase, the precipitates themselves become more equiaxed, aspect ratios decrease, and precipitates densities increase until the precipitates coalesce to form a continuous buried layer of yttrium silicide within the Si matrix. The layer thickness is relatively uneven. As implant doses increase to ∼ 4×1017 cm−2, the layer thicknesses become more uniform although there are still defects present. As the implant doses increase further, the precipitate bands on either side of the continuous layer decrease due to gettering of yttrium to the layer. As the energy of the implant is increased, the appearance of the sample is similar to that of the lower energy implants except that the layer is buried deeper in the Si matrix. Observations of the silicide are consistent with its having the AlB2 structure with ordered vacancies on the Si sublattice.
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  • 19
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    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 218-221 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 61.70Ph
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Various dislocations on Ag(111) were imaged with a scanning tunneling microscope, e.g. screw dislocations, Lomer-Cottrell locks and stacking fault tetrahedron. The distortion field near a screw dislocation was measured.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73.30 ; 61.70 ; 81.15C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Magnetron-sputtered CoSi2 and TiSi2 Schottky barriers on n- and p-type GaP were investigated. Their hitherto unknown barrier heights were determined to be 0.98 eV (for CoSi2/n-GaP and CoSi2/p-GaP), 0.91 eV (for TiSi2/n-GaP), and 0.90 eV (for TiSi2/p-GaP). It was found that magnetron-sputtering induced a compensated layer near the surface, both for n- and p-type GaP, with a thickness of about 0.05 μm. As the dependence of the shift of the Mott-Schottky intercept with the V-axis on the substrate dopant concentration obeyed some specific law, we proposed that the defects are neutral complexes of dopant ions and sputter-induced native defects. These native defects were assumed to depend on the Fermi level position, namely the PGa antisite and the VP vacancy for p-GaP and the VGa vacancy for n-GaP. The conversion between these defects occurs by nearest neighbour hopping of a phosphorus atom. The Schottky barrier heights obtained on p-GaP could be explained by Fermi level pinning at the surface due to the PGa defects. This could not be confirmed by n-GaP as the energy level position of the VGa was not available. The defects could be annealed out between 200° C and 300° C and the associated change of the Schottky barrier height corroborated the proposed model.
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  • 21
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    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 8-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.45 ; 61.70 ; 68.45
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A number of interesting and still not fully understood phenomena occur if silicon is used as an electrode in an electrochemical cell. Effects include porous silicon layer (PSL) formation with features on a nanometer scale, surface roughening on a micrometer scale, quantum efficiencies for light generated currents much larger than 1, preferential etching of defects, electropolishing, and voltage or current oscillations. It is shown that despite the complexities of chemical reactions involved, a basic understanding of the electrode behavior is possible from a semiconductor physics point of view and that it can be advantageous to use the silicon — electrolyte junction for analytical purposes. Topics such as defect characterization, measurements of minority carrier diffusion length, or surface recombination velocities can be addressed in unique ways by taking advantage of particular properties of the silicon — hydrofluoric acid system. Based on the general description of the Si — electrolyte junction given in this paper, strengths and limitations of some electrochemical methods are discussed in some detail and illustrated by examples.
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  • 22
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    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electrical activity of interfacial misfit dislocations in silicon has been examined using the electron beam induced current technique (EBIC) in a scanning electron microscope. “Clean” misfit dislocations, i.e. no EBIC contrast, formed during high-temperature Si(Ge) chemical vapor epitaxy were studied. These defects were subsequently decorated with known metallic impurities (Au and Ni) by diffusion at 400° C to 1130° C from a back-side evaporated layer. Qualitative analysis of the electrical activity in relation to the energy levels anticipated for the clean or decorated dislocations is presented. Of particular interest is the case of defect-induced conductivity type inversion which occurred both at the top surface and at the buried dislocated interfaces of the multilayer. The prospects for using dislocations in a beneficial manner as active elements in electronic devices are discussed.
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  • 23
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    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 388-402 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.35 ; 61.16 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Low-energy ion backscattering and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been used in combination to get better insight into the field of surface crystallography. The synergic effectiveness resulting from the complementing character of the two methods has been exemplified at clean NiAl(111) and for oxygen and nitrogen adsorption on Cu(110). The position of the atom cores is accessible by the low-energy noble gas impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy with neutral detection (NICISS). As a technique averaging over a macroscopic area of the sample, NICISS is better suited to supply information on features of completely developed phases, either on clean or adsorbate saturated surfaces. Additional information, on the other hand, can be gained by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which as a powerful local probe may be used to image surfaces with atomic resolution and to monitor defects, steps and the growth kinetics of e.g. adsorption-induced phase changes.
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  • 24
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    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 72.40 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of photoconductivity and light-induced absorption in KNbO3: Fe are performed at different light intensities and crystal temperatures. The results are interpreted in terms of a two-center charge transport model. Different model parameters may be evaluated from the experimental data. A complete set of parameters is suggested explaining the dependences of photoconductivity and light-induced absorption on light intensity and temperature for the KNbO3: Fe crystal investigated.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 66.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The primary species in both solid-state conduction and heterogeneous electrocatalysis of solid oxide electrolytes is the anion vacancy. The nature and effect of the local environment on anion vacancies in 10 m/o yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and 20 m/o erbia stabilized bismuth oxide (ESB) was studied using uv-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Partial reduction of YSZ and ordering of the oxygen sublattice in ESB is discussed. The species common to both of these phenomena, anion vacancies, was found to be luminescent and the absorption and fluorescence spectra attributable to F-center type defects is described.
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  • 26
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    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 17.55
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Electrically active deep levels related to zinc in silicon are investigated in n- and p-type silicon using Deep-Level Transient Fourier Spectroscopy (DLTFS) measurements. While in n-type silicon a level at E C−0.49 eV is observed, the main zinc-related levels in p-type silicon are determined to be E V+0.27 eV and E V+0.60 eV. The latter are associated with zinc situated on regular silicon lattice sites. The emission rate of these centers exhibits a field dependence which cannot be quantitatively explained with the Poole-Frenkel model. On the other hand, a shallow level at E V+0.09 eV is observed only in boron-doped silicon which may be related to a zinc-boron complex. Other zinc-related levels are found at E V+0.23 eV and E V+0.33 eV, their concentration depending on that of zinc on substitutional sites. In addition, the evaluation of depth profiles and the analysis of the field dependence of the emission rate based on the DLTFS method is presented.
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  • 27
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    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 273-286 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 85.30 ; 72.20 ; 73.40 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reproducible, mass production of almost ideal silicon p-n junctions has allowed two new phenomena to be discovered: a pure generation without recombination, and a slow capacitance-free current transient. Our present knowledge of these phenomena is reviewed and speculations about the centres responsible for them are discussed; these centres seem to be connected to ultimate, unavoidable properties of the silicon p-n junction rather than to unwanted impurities.
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  • 28
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    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 13-17 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 72.40 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A charge transport model including deep and shallow traps explains both the nonlinear relation between photoconductivity and light intensity and the light-induced absorption in BaTiO3. A correlation between measurements of photoconductivity and light-induced absorption as a function of temperature yields parameters for the shallow center, among them thermal activation energy and generation rate.
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  • 29
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    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 531-540 
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    Keywords: 61.70 ; 78.55 ; 78.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two attractive methods for materials characterization are applied and discussed: (a) light scattering topography for fast and nondestructive testing of structural perfection, and (b) photoluminescence topography for evaluating the light emission characteristics of photoluminescent materials. Among the examples presented are semiconductor substrates and films of silicon, silicon-on-insulators of different kind, and III–V materials.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is proposed for the determination of dislocation density depth profiles in the thin surface layers comparable to the penetration depth of X-rays, with no need to remove the surface layers by chemical or electrolytic polishing. The dislocation density depth profile is modelled mathematically and the parameters determining the profile can be evaluated from the Fourier transform of the X-ray diffracted profiles with various wavelengths of radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 66.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Gold diffusion in silicon is investigated using Rapid Optical Annealing at temperatures in the range of 800°C to 1200°C and annealing times from 300 s down to 1 s. The resulting content of substitutional gold is determined by spreading resistance measurements and analyzed by comparison with extensive numerical simulations. The profiles obtained show a broader spectrum as compared to the U-shapes after long time diffusion. The cooling process affects the profiles significantly, since they depend on the wafer thickness. An unexpected penetration depth was found after 1200°C diffusion in thick wafers, which are subject to small cooling rates. This phenomenon is due to a special combination of reverse kick-out, deep diffusion of highly supersaturated interstitial gold, and again an incorporation in lattice sites, termed the RDI effect. Numerical calculations allow us to reproduce the experimentally observed profiles only if a sensitive balance between the different temperature dependencies is obeyed. These investigations, therefore, yield new information about the equilibrium concentration and diffusion of silicon interstitials. A best set of parameters is presented. The time constant of the kick-out process is quantified for the first time.
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 141-145 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.70 Bj ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Positron lifetime measurements have been made in quenched or irradiated pure Pb and in quenched Pb(Ag) alloys. From positron investigation of annealing behaviour, the precipitation of silver atoms in dilute alloys should be understood in terms of (Ag-Pb) interstitially migrating pairs. The presence of di-interstitials (Ag-Ag) or complexes [Ag(S)-V] as mobile defects responsible for the Ag transport process in concentrated alloys is discussed.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 241-247 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 78.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The resistivity of boron-doped silicon can be significantly increased by polishing such material with an appropriate amine- and copper-containing slurry. This effect is ascribed to a passivation of the boron acceptors by a defect produced or introduced by the polishing process. Three new, so far unknown localized vibrational modes at 691, 720, and 1038 cm−1 are observed in highly boron-doped silicon samples after such a polishing treatment. Two of these localized modes can be identified as due to a boron-containing defect. High concentrations of copper found in the samples after appropriate polishing indicate a participation — either directly or indirectly — of this metal in the passivation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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