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  • Artikel  (44.113)
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  • Artikel  (44.113)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Closing the Treasury Amendment Loophole (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00449.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Termination Clauses in Long-Term Contracts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Many long-term contracts incorporate a termination clause. This paper argues that when agents have hidden information, such a clause has a beneficial incentive effect—it enables a principal to screen agents' private information at a lower cost. In a two-period model, this paper characterizes the optimal long-term contract with a termination clause, which specifies that the principal will switch agents in the second period when the first-period cost is high. The analysis delineates how the optimality of this clause depends on the intertemporal cost correlation structure, on the limits to agents' liability, and on the principal's degree of commitment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00473.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bankruptcy, Takeovers, and Wage Contracts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Takeovers give raiders the opportunity of breaking implicit contracts inside the firm. If implicit contracts are adopted by workers and management to reach more efficient outcomes, then the possibility of takeovers may cause a welfare loss. We show that, under some conditions, this argument can go through even if the firm and the workers can write explicit and complete contracts. The crucial assumption is that the profitability of the firm is linked to its financial situation, in the sense that a firm which has a high probability of bankruptcy will face fewer opportunities than a financially solid firm. In this framework, the possibility of takeovers imposes constraints on the set of feasible employment contracts, leading to inefficient outcomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00515.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long-Term or Short-Term Managerial Incentive Contracts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper deals with the strategic role of the temporal dimension of contracts in a duopoly market. Is it better for a firm to sign long-term incentive contracts with managers or short-term contracts? For the linear case, with strategic substitutes (complements) in the product market, the incentive variables are also strategic substitutes (complements). It is shown that a long-term contract makes a firm a leader in incentives, while a short-term contract makes it a follower. We find that, under Bertrand competition, in equilibrium one firm signs a long-term contract and the other firm short-term incentive contracts; however, under Cournot competition, the dominant strategy is to sign long-term incentive contracts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00343.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Price and Money-Back Guarantees as Signals of Product Quality (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Why is it so common for the seller to provide guarantees that say “Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back” along with the sale of a product? Newly introduced goods and mail-ordered products are usually sold with such guarantees. In honoring money-back guarantees, why is it a common business practice to pay back exactly the purchase price rather than a portion of it? In this paper we study the informational role and optimality of the common business practice of money-back guarantees in a signaling model with quality uncertainty and risk-neutral buyers. We find that money-back guarantees and price together completely reveal a monopoly firm's private information about product quality, Moreover, the private information is revealed at no signaling cost. Furthermore, we show that in terms of the level of monetary compensation specified by a guarantee, price is the profit-maximizing level of monetary payback in case of product failure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00361.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Damaged Goods (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Manufacturers may intentionally damage a portion of their goods in order to price discriminate. Many instances of this phenomenon are observed. It may result in a Pareto improvement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00149.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Interactive Effect of Product Differentiation and Cost Variability on Profit (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: It is generally believed that industries with greater product differentiation have higher rates of return. This paper shows that this effect breaks down in the presence of firm-specific cost shocks. Greater substitutability in products generates two opposing effects: (1) it allows a larger increase in demand when a firm has a favorable cost shock, which more than compensates for the reduction in demand when it has an unfavorable cost shock, and (2) it results in more intense price competition. These two countervailing forces result in industry profit being highest in markets with a moderate degree of product differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00175.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    R&D, Investment, and Industry Dynamics (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We present a model of industry evolution where the dynamics are driven by a process of endogenous innovations followed by subsequent embodiments in physical capital. Traditionally, the only distinction between R&D and physical investment was one of labeling: the first process accumulates an intangible stock, knowledge, while the second accumulates physical capital. Both stocks affect output in a symmetric fashion. We argue that the story is not that simple, and that there is more to it than differences in the object of accumulation. Our model stresses the causal relationship between past R&D expenditures and current investments in machinery and equipment. This causality pattern, which is supported by the data, also explains the observed higher volatility of physical investment relative to that of R&D expenditures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00217.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investment in a New Technology as a Signal of Firm Value Under Regulatory Opportunism (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We examine the question of whether a regulated firm that makes a long-term investment in infrastructure can credibly signal its private information regarding the future demand for its output to the capital market. We show that necessary conditions for a separating equilibrium in which the magnitude of investment signals high future demand may include a low degree of managerial myopia, large variability of future demand, a lenient regulatory climate, and low sunk cost. Our model suggests that in estimating valuation models of regulated firms it is important to separate firms into two groups: firms for which a separating equilibrium is likely to obtain and firms for which the equilibrium is likely to be pooling. The market value of a firm in the first group is positively correlated with its level of investment, but uncorrelated with the level of actual demand, whereas for the second group the opposite holds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00251.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brand Capital and Entry Order (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper develops the hypothesis that firms possess a stock of well-established brands, a stock termed brand capital. The firm with the greatest capital is able to introduce new products in response to new information about consumer tastes before rivals. The results using data from the ready-to-eat cereal industry not only support this hypothesis, but also distinguish brand capital from other sources of firm heterogeneity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00107.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strategies for Technological Innovation with Learning and Adaptation Costs (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper attacks the problem of developing strategies for a firm to deal with technological change. We show that the product market strategies of the firm—including pricing, product positioning, and rent preemption strategies—can play a role in the efficient search for technology-related information when information search is costly and there are adaptation costs due to the presence of agency. We utilize a dynamic model of spatial competition with uncertain technological innovations in which firms can learn from each other about technological developments. Private information and agency conflicts are shown to increase the effective information search costs of incumbents, who then use interfirm learning to their advantage in equilibrium. This viewpoint also allows us to see the role of mergers and acquisitions, subsidiary formation, and internal R&D labs in a new light. The more general point is that organizational structures and, in particular, the differential distribution of information within the organization impose constraints on the information-search and adaptation strategies of the firm, and the formulation of product-market and R&D strategies serves to relax these constraints.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00025.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonlinear Pricing and Oligopoly (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We consider the general problem of price discrimination with nonlinear pricing in an oligopoly setting where firms are spatially differentiated. We characterize the nature of optimal pricing schedules, which in turn depends importantly upon the type of private information the customer possesses–either horizontal uncertainty regarding brand preference or vertical uncertainty regarding quality preference. We show that as competition increases, the resulting quality distortions decrease, as well as price and quality dispersions. Additionally, we indicate conditions under which price discrimination may raise social welfare by increasing consumer surplus through encouraging greater entry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00529.x
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shareholder Activism, “Voluntary” Restructuring, and Internal Labor Markets (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We model an internal labor market in which employee behavior and compensation are affected by the firm's financial position and the threat of hostile takeover or other exercise of shareholder “voice.” We show how good past performance can result in excessively generous promotion and pay decisions. While the threat of shareholder activism will remove this “slack,” activists optimally face a positive cost barrier, which in turn varies across firms. The cost barrier is higher when cooperation or “helping” between employees is more important, and is lower when employees receive efficiency wages due to an inability to “pay” for their jobs. Since the importance of helping is associated with pay compression and “flat” pay ladders, such firms should also exhibit a greater degree of management entrenchment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00591.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stable R&D Cooperation with Spillovers (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The literature on the incentives for R & D cooperation with spillovers typically deals only with the factors affecting cooperative profits. This paper focuses on the incentives to cheat and the stability of such cooperative agreements in a repeated game framework. It is shown that the stability of cooperation is influenced by the nature and magnitude of spillovers, relative to the nature and degree of product market competition. While cooperative profits are higher with large positive (exogenous, unintended) know-how spillovers, such as in fundamental research, our anslysis shows that it may be easier to sustain cooperation in areas with lower spillovers, such as applied research, because of the smaller incenfives to cheat on the initial agreement, at least when firms produce substitutes. Alternatively, the possibility of technology sharing (i.e., intended or endogenous spillovers), besides R&D coordination, not only increases cooperative profits but also reduces the incentives to defect from a cooperative equilibrium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00651.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Managerial Incentives Based on Acquisition of Information (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In a moral hazard setting, we model the fact that the agent may get private signals about the final outcome of his effort before the public realization of this outcome. Actions affect both the distribution of the outcome and the quality of the agent's private information. We compare simple contracts, based on output only, with revelation contracts, based on output and messages about signals. Revelation contracts give the agent some discretionary power during the course of the relationship; they are optimal if and only if lowering effort does not increase the quality of private information in the sense of Blackwell (1953). In the context of managerial compensation schemes, the revelation contracts we analyze can be viewed as allowing the agent to exercise an option on the final profits before the realization of these profits. The theory thus provides an alternative justification of the widespread use of stock options in managerial compensation schemes, as opposed to compensation schemes that rely only on salary, bonus, and (restricted) stock plans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00427.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00133.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Executive Forum Restructuring the Wireless Industry and the Information Skyway (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00139.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tacit Collusion Under regulation in the Pricing of Interstate Long-Distance Telephone Services (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Analysis of seven wholesale and retail markets for long-distance telephone services since the AT & T divestiture indicates that service provider concentration declined in the later 1980s and then stabilized in the 2990–1993 period. In addition to this stability in market shares, a number of other conditions established since 1990 have been conducive to the development of market sharing rather than significant price competition. The most important of these conditions has been the tarifing process of the Federal Communications Commission by which MCI and Sprint replicate ATGT's price announcements. As market shares stabilized and became more equal, and as regulation formalized the price-setting process, the price-cost margins of the three large carriers increased and became more nearly identical. These results are consistent not with price competition but rather with emerging tacit collusion among AT&T, MCI, and Sprint.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00147.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Money Out of Thin Air: The nationwide Narrowband pcs Auction (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The Federal Communications Commission held its first auction of radio spectrum at the Nationwide Narrowband PCS Auction in July 1994. The simultaneous multiple-round auction, which lasted five days, was an ascending bid auction in which all licenses were offered simultaneously. This paper describes the auction rules and how bidders prepared for the auction. The full history of bidding is presented. Several questions for auction theory are discussed. In the end, the government collected $617 million for ten licenses. The auction was viewed by all as a huge success an excellent example of bringing economic theory to bear on practical problems of allocating scarce resources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00267.x
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Effect of Incentive regulation on Infrastructure Modernization: Local Exchange Companies' Deployment of Digital Technology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This study examines the investment patterns of all large local exchange telephone companies in the United States over time. It identifies how different regulatoy environments have influenced the recent historical pattern of investment in modern infrastructure equipment. It focuses exclusively on the postdivestiture experience of local telephone exchange companies (LECs). It examines the growth of fiber-optic deployment and of complementary equipment associated with the modernization of today's information infrastructure. The study estimates the influence of different regulatory structures on infrastructure deployment by LECs. The study is unique in that if relates individual LEC investment patterns to LEC-specific regulatory, demographic, and economic characteristics. Thus, it isolates the contribution of state regulatory policies from that of other demographic and economic factors in the determination of infrastructure deployment at the state LEC rather than at the corporate level. Its main findings are as follows: First, price regulation (and, in particular, price caps) is a more potent regulatory mechanism than the standard earnings sharing scheme. Second, when associated with an earnings sharing scheme, price regulation is less effective in triggering infrastructure deployment than when it is implemented by itself. These results raise questions about the effectiveness of a popular regulatory instrument-earnings sharing schemes-and highlight the effectiveness of generic price-cap regulation. These results have implications for the design of regulatory policy at both the state and federal levels. In particular, given the importance currently being placed on the development of the information superhighway, regulatory emphasis should be focused more on price regulation than on regulating profits.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00187.x
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Auctioning the Airwaves: The Contest for Broadband pcs Spectrum (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The House and Senate of the United States Congress recently passed legislation that directs the FCC to establish a system for using auctions to allocate the use of radio spectrum for personal communications services. There is a unique and unprecedented set of issues that arise in this context, which are of interest to economists, industry analysts, regulators, and policymakers. We discuss these issues and evaluate their likely impact on the outcome of the spectrum auctions. In addition, we argue that there may be pitfalls in the auction procedure adopted by the FCC, and we discuss possible alternative procedures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00345.x
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Why Are Royalty Rates Higher in Service-type Franchises? (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Royalty payments from a franchisee to a franchisor serve as incentive for the franchisor to provide appropriate levels of quality and brand, name investment. However, since they also distort the service provided by the franchisee, we should expect relatively lower royalty rates in franchises that are primarily service-oriented. Casual examination of royalty rates across product-oriented and service-oriented franchises shows that the opposite is true, with service-type franchises enjoying higher royalty rates. We resolve this apparent puzzle. The basic argument we put forth is that in product-type franchises, a franchisor can charge a wholesale price on goods transferred to the franchisee, thus using an alternative instrument that also serves as an incentive for the franchisor. Moreover, in general, a franchisor will use both wholesale price and royalty to minimize distortions in retail price and service at the retail level. We then test the predictions of our model on different industries and find confirmation for the same.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00007.x
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Incentive Contracting Under Limited Liability (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We examine the nature of incentive schemes between the principal and the risk-neutral agent in the presence of the agent's limited liability and ex ante action choice. We consider alternative schemes when a simple rental contract is infeasible due to the limited liability of the agent and study the effectiveness of a performance bonus scheme in achieving the first-best outcome. We also discuss some implications of such schemes in real practices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00477.x
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Input Market Competition and the Make-or-Buy Decision (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Recent theories of vertical integration based on incomplete contracts assume perfect competition on at least one side of the market. As a result, the make-or-buy choice has no redistributive effect and will reflect efficiency considerations only. This paper introduces imperfect competition into an otherwise standard model of a vertical relationship with noncontractable specific investments. We assume that there are a finite number of potential input suppliers with private information about their costs. We first show that a monopoly buyer of such inputs will often prefer to own the seller's assets even though it would be more efficient for the seller's assets not to be so owned. We then show that an increase in the number of potential partners on either side of the market reduces this inclination towards vertical integration. With perfect competition on either side of the market, the make-buy decision will reflect only efficiency considerations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00491.x
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  • 25
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    Digitale Medien
    Managerial Incentives for Takeovers (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The paper studies managerial incentives in a model where managers choose product market strategies and make takeover decisions. The equilibrium contract includes an incentive to increase the firm's sales, under either quantity or price Competition. This result contrasts with previous findings in the literature, and hinges on the fact that when managers are more aggressive, rival firms earn lower profits and thus are willing to sell out at a lower price. However, as a side effect of such a contract, the manager might undertake unprofitable takeovers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00497.x
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  • 26
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    Digitale Medien
    U.S. Futures Exchanges Face“Mission Impossible” (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: For U.S. futures exchanges, controlling costs while maintaining market performance is an ongoing, difficult challenge. New market realities have made that challenge even more daunting in recent years as costs have escalated, competition has expanded, and the role of information technology has expanded. It is always difficult for regulatory statutes to keep pace with ever-changing markets. Futures markets are no exception. The basic statutory framework represented by the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) was enacted in 1922, over seventy years ago. In order to maintain appropriate regulatory balance, periodic review and reform has been essential over the years. Our current federal regulatory systems were built for different markets with different competitive realities than we face today. Reforming the CEA to take into account those new market realities is vital to the survival of U.S. futures exchanges.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00459.x
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  • 27
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    Digitale Medien
    Wage Bargaining in Industries with Market Power (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We develop a game-theoretic version of the right-to-manage model of firm-level bargaining where strategic interactions among firms are explicitly recognized. Our main aim is to investigate how equilibrium wages and employment react to changes in various labor and product market variables. We show that our comparative statics results hinge crucially on the strategic nature of the game, which in turn is determined by the relative bargaining power of unions and managers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00535.x
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  • 28
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    In Defense of Downsizing: Competitiveness and Corporate Ownership (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00307.x
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  • 29
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    Digitale Medien
    Product Range and Interfirm Competition (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We develop a simple model in which there is both interfirm (or intraproduct) and intrafirm (or interproduct) competition. The purpose is to develop a classificatoy framework in order to understand product-range or diversification decisions alongside conventional competition. The equilibrium outcomes commonly involve a limited range of the available goods being produced. Deterrence equilibria and other strategic actions are also examined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00317.x
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  • 30
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    Most-Favored-Customer Clauses and Multilateral Contracting: When Nondiscrimination Implies Uniformity (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: DeGraba and Postlewaite (1992) show that the seller of a durable input can solve the time inconsistency problem by offering most-favored-customer (MFC) protection to buyers. McAfee and Schwartz (1994) show that if a supplier sells inputs to competing firms using two-part tariffs, MFC protection that allows a firm to replace its contract with a contract executed by any other firm will not solve the commitment problem, and argue this implies managers cannot use MFCs as a strategic commitment device in complex contracting situations. This paper shows that if the profits of the seller and the buyers are monotonic in each term of the contract, then applying MFC protection to each term of a contract allows a manager to solve his commitment problem in complex contacting situations. We show that “standard” contract arrangements (two-part tariffs, declining block tariffs, and royalties as a percentage of sales) meet this condition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00565.x
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  • 31
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    Digitale Medien
    Why Retailers Sell Private Labels (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper interprets private label marketing as a retailer instrument for overcoming the double-marginalization problem inherent in the distribution of well-known manufacturer brands. Retailers with some degree of market power carry private label substitutes for popular national brands in order to capture more profit from the vertical structures they share with brand manufacturers. The net effect of private label marketing is to improve the performance of distribution channels. After presenting a formal model and deriving analytical results, the paper gathers some empirical evidence that supports these results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00509.x
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  • 32
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    Digitale Medien
    Introduction (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00001.x
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  • 33
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    Horizontal integration for bargaining Power: Evidence from the Cable Television Industry (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper studies the hypothesis that large firms have more bargaining power with suppliers than do small firms, using data from the cable television industry. Employing techniques from the “new empirical lo,” the effect of owner size on marginal costs is inferred from the effect of owner size on observable product market choices. In the cable industry, the downstream firms decide how many subscriptions of cable to sell and how many channels to offer in the cable package. lf large firms have lower costs than small firms, then large firms should be willing to supply more than small firms, at all prices. The effects of bargaining power are identified separately from the effects of scale economies by exploiting the structure of the cable industry. Scale economies, in the cable industry, are likely to stem from regional size, while bargaining power is likely to stem from national size. By controlling for regional size, estimates of the effect of owner national size on the willingness to supply cable subscriptions and to offer channels indicate that large downstream firms offer significantly more subscriptions and channels at all prices than do small downstream firms. These results provide some of the first systematic, industry-specific, evidence consistent with the bargaining-power hypothesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00375.x
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  • 34
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    Digitale Medien
    Usage Heterogeneity and Extended Warranties (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The role of product warranty in segmentation of consumer durable product markets is highlighted. I demonstrate that consumer moral hazard and heterogeneity in product usage create variation in the valuation of product warranties by the different segments in the market. In this context, the firm, by offering a self-selecting menu of base warranty and extended warranties, satisfies the warranty demands of the various segments of the population. The consumer choice behavior prediction of the theory with regard to extended warranty is empirically validated with data from a survey of new car buyers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00033.x
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  • 35
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    Digitale Medien
    Marketing Channels and the Durable Goods Monopolist: Renting versus Selling Reconsidered (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Research on durable goods has shown that because of a time inconsistency problem, a monopolist manufacturer prefers to rent rather than sell its product. We reexamine the relative profitability of renting versus selling from a marketing perspective. In particular, using a simple linear demand formulation, we assume a durable goods monopolist has to use downstream intermediaries to market its product. In contrast to the case of an integrated monopolist, we find that when the monopolist has to rely on intermediaries, then it prefers to go through an intermediary that sells rather than one that rents its product. Similarly, the intermediary that sells the product is more profitable than the intermediary that rents the product. However, if the monopolist can commit to a set of prices, then the intermediary that rents is more profitable than the intermediary that sells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00069.x
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  • 36
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    Digitale Medien
    Empirical Analysis of a Dynamic Duopoly Model of Competition (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Empirically validating and testing the specification of game theoretic models has received limited attention in the marketing literature. The authors provide an econometric framework for estimating the parameters of response functions when the observed data in the market place are the Nash equilibrium outcomes of an underlying dynamic duopoly game specification. Specifically, the estimation procedure accounts for the joint endogeneity of market shares and marketing efforts of market rivals using a system of simultaneous equations that included the market response function and the Nash equilibrium conditions. A formal statistical test is used to detect model misspecification. The empirical analysis is carried out using data from four product markets: pharmaceutical, soft drink, beer, and detergent. Comparisons are provided with conventional estimation of the response function parameters in which the equilibrium conditions are ignored in the estimation. Managerial implications of the empirical results are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00109.x
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  • 37
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    Digitale Medien
    The Role of Debt in Procurement Contracts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper develops a theory of capital structure based on the attempts of a firm to alleviate a holdup problem that arises in its bilateral relationship with a buyer. It is shown that by issuing debt to outsiders, the firm can improve its ex post bargaining position vis-a-vis the buyer and capture a larger share of the ex post gains from trade. Debt, however, is costly because the buyer may find the required price too high and refuse to trade. Since debt raises the payoff of claimholders, it strengthens the firm's incentive to make relationship-specific investments, and therefore alleviates the well-known underinvestment problem. A comparative static analysis yields a number of testable hypotheses regarding the firm's financial strategy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00379.x
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  • 38
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    Digitale Medien
    Vertical Integration, Foreclosure, and profits in the Presence of Double Marginalization (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Whether vertical integration between a downstream oligopolist and an upstream oligopolist is profitable for an integrated pair of firms is shown to depend on whether one means by this that profits increase no matter what other firms do, that all integrated firms are better off when all firms are integrated than when none are, or simply that no downstream-upstream pair of firms has an incentive to deviate from a situation where all firms are integrated. It is also shown to depend on the number of firms in each oligopoly and on the type of interaction that is assumed between firms that are integrated and firms that are not. In particular, it is shown that if no restriction is put on trade between integrated and nonintegrated firms, integrated firms may continue to purchase inputs from the nonintegrated upstream firms, with the goal of raising their downstream rivals' costs. Furthermore, even though firms are identical, asymmetric equilibria, where integrated and nonintegrated firms coexist, may actually arise as an outcome of the integration game.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00409.x
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  • 39
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    Digitale Medien
    Why Lever into a Zero-Profit Industry: Tying, Foreclosure, and Exclusion (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper considers the incentives of a firm with power in a market for one good to tie in the sale of a complementary good even though the complementary good is produced in a zero profit market. If the zero-profit price of the tied good is greater than the marginal cost (which occurs for example when the technology is characterized by a fixed cost and a constant marginal cost), a firm will fie in order to increase the sales of the complementary good, which at the margin is profitable. We show that such tying will lower the effective prices paid by customers and increase welfare. This incentive exists if the firm with market power is a monopolist or one of several competing oligopolists.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00433.x
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  • 40
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    Digitale Medien
    Search and Trading in Intermediated Markets (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper examines the effect of a middleman on the search and trading behavior of the traders. It is shown that the buyer and seller types with middle valuations choose to search for each other, while the buyer and seller types with high or low valuations drop out of the search market and choose to trade directly with the middleman. The ask and bid prices of the middleman act as an outside option for the buyer and seller, and influence the outcome of the bargaining between the two. The model generalizes Gehrig (1993) by endogenizing the traders' search intensities, by allowing the traders to go to an intermediary even if thy have engaged in search, and by enabling the intermediary to provide the service of immediacy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00195.x
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  • 41
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    Digitale Medien
    Specialization, Option Demand, and the Pricing of Medical Specialists (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper discusses the supplier power of medical specialists. We argue that a combination of factors, including the structure of health care delivery, reimbursement systems, the presence of option demand, and high consumer switching costs, create circumstances in which medical specialists may be able to exercise significant seller power. We explore the implications of this for the pricing and organization of medical care.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00277.x
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  • 42
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    Digitale Medien
    Introduction (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00001.x
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  • 43
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    Digitale Medien
    Value-based Business Strategy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper offers an exact definition of the value created by firms together with their suppliers and buyers. The “added value” of a firm is similarly defined, and shown under certain conditions to impose an upper bound on how much value the firm can capture. The key to a firm's achieving a positive added value is the existence of asymmetries between the firm and other firms. The paper identifies four routes (“value-based” strategies) that lead to the creation of such asymmetries. Our analysis reveals the equal importance of a firm's supplier and buyer relations. Cooperative game theory provides the underpinnings of the analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00005.x
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  • 44
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    Digitale Medien
    Who Adopts Total Quality Management (TQM): Theory and An Empirical Test (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The recent emergence of total quality management (TQM) in the U.S. has spawned a great deal of interest in management circles as well as in the mass media. However, despite the growing number of firms that have adopted this management technique, few formal tests exist concerning the pattern of adoption as well as the changes that accompany the adoption of TQM. This paper contrasts models of production for TQM and non-TQM firms in order to explore reasons why some firms but not others have adopted the TQM approach to quality improvement. Predictions arising from such a comparison are tested using a unique data set that combines data on firms from three different sources. Our findings tend to support the proposed theory of systematic differences between firms that find it advantageous to adopt TQM and firms that do not. We also find evidence that firms adopting TQM experience greater growth in sales, employment, and capital stock.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00069.x
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  • 45
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    Digitale Medien
    Organizational Diseconomies of scale (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Private information creates a cost of operating a hierarchy, which becomes larger as the hierarchical distance between the information source and the decision maker increases. When information about a firm's capabilities is dispersed among the individuals in the firm, production is inefficient even though everyone behaves rationally. Because hierarchies need rents in order to function, a firm with a long hierarchy may not be viable in a competitive industry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00399.x
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  • 46
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    Digitale Medien
    Product Rivalry with multiple Strategic weapons: an Analysis of price and advertising Competition (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A dynamic model of product rivalry is developed for a market in which firms choose price and advertising intensity. The model, a state-space game, is implemented using data that consist of weekly price, sales, and promotional activity for four brands of saltine crackers sold by four chains of grocery stores in a small town. A number of questions can be asked of this data. First, is advertising predatory (merely changing market shares) or cooperative (shifting out market demand)? Second, are price and advertising own and cross-strategic complements or substitutes? And finally, do investments in stocks of goodwill and in price reductions make firms tough and aggressive or soft and accommodating?
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00445.x
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
    Must Sell (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Why are moving sales a successful and widespread phenomenon? How can it be optimal for a seller to disclose her low valuation for the item to be sold? We propose an explanation based on the “lemons problem” in bargaining with asymmetric information about quality. Disclosing a low valuation signals that there are significant gains from trade, so that trade takes place when it wouldn't otherwise, and all agents are made better off.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00055.x
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  • 48
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    Digitale Medien
    Models of Competitive Price Promotions: Some Empirical Evidence from the Coffee and Saltine Crackers Markets (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: I present tests of a competitive rationale for price promotions. In a model with a population of informed and uninformed customers, price competition yields a static equilibrium in which each seller draws a price from a specified density function. Price data on coffee and saltine crackers products are used to test whether the sample of prices on each product could have possibly come from the theoretically specified density function. The results suggest that some markets are indeed consistent with the marginal distributions of prices predicted by the model. Furthermore, in the process of testing this rationale for price promotions, estimates are obtained for the marginal cost of each product, the number of competing goods, and the percentage of informed consumers. The resulting excess variability of these estimates across competing brands can also raise questions with respect to the empirical validity of the model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00085.x
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  • 49
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    Digitale Medien
    Explaining the Choice Among Regulatory Plans in the U.S. Telecommunications Industry (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We investigate why different states in the United States choose different regulatory plans in their telecommunications industry. We present a simple theoretical model and an empirical analysis of the issue. We find that a state is more likely to replace rate-of-return regulation with incentive regulation when: (1) residential basic local service rates have historically been relatively high; (2) allowed earnings under rate-of-return regulation in the state have been either particularly high or particularly low; (3) the state's leaders tend to come from both major political parties, rather than from a single party; (4) the state's urban population is growing relatively rapidly; and (5) the bypass activity of competitors in the state is less pronounced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00237.x
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Survival of Small Firms: Guerrilla Warfare (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Duopolistic interaction between a small firm and a large established firm is considered and compared to guerrilla warfare, The paper investigates a “hit and run” equilibrium in which the small firm enters the market, stays there for several periods, exits, stays out for several periods, and then reenters. Occasionally there may be a price war (or retaliation), but the small firm may also exit voluntarily, thereby avoiding possible confrontation. The amount of time that the small firm stays in the market and the timing of the price wars do not follow any predictable pattern, which is part of the mixed strategies that both firms play in equilibrium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00131.x
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Better Late than Early: Vertical Differentiation in the Adoption of a New Technology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: After the initial breakthrough in the research phase of R&D, a new product undergoes a process of change, improvement, and adaptation to market conditions. We model the strategic behavior of firms in this development phase. We emphasize that a key dimension to this competition is the innovation that leads to product differentiation and quality improvement. In a duopoly model with a single adoption choice, we derive endogenously the level and diversity of product innovations. We demonstrate the existence of equilibria in which one firm enters early with a low-quality product while the other continues to develop the technology and eventually markets a high-quality good. In such an equilibrium, no monopoly rent is dissipated and the later innovator makes more profits. Incumbent firms may well be the early innovators, contrary to the predictions of the “incumbency inertia” hypothesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00563.x
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vertical Contracts as Strategic Commitments: How are They Enforced? (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper addresses the strategic commitment value of various price and nonprice vertical contracts. Assuming contract offers are sufficiently public to have strategic importance, we focus on commitment as a necessary and separable condition to be met. The analysis has two components. First, considering the relationship between a monopolist manufacturer and his imperfectly competing retailers, enforcement conditions necessary for alternative vertical contracts to have commitment value are identified in the static (reputation-free) context. It is shown that external help (i.e., enforcement by nonsignatories) is necessary for bilateral minimum resale price maintenance (price floors) and exclusive territory contracts to have commitment value, whereas maximum resale price maintenance (price ceilings) do not require such help (i.e., they are internally enforcing). Second, the paper provides an analysis of the U.S. case law and discusses the empirical validity of the “external enforcement” assumption that is shown to underlie recent proposals to make certain vertical restraints illegal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00623.x
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alcohol abuse among adolescents: regional evidence from Spain (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 28 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The aim of this paper is to offer regional evidence from Spain on alcohol abuse among adolescents. Specifically, we identify the determinants of the decision to abuse alcohol with respect to the five most important regions of Spain, as well as for the country as a whole. To this end, we estimate Probit specifications using data drawn from the Spanish Surveys on Drug Use in the School Population corresponding to 1994, 1996 and 1998. The results first reveal patterns that are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different. Similarly, it would appear that economic policies aimed at reducing the access of adolescents to alcohol may have a positive effect on reducing abuse. Finally, the results suggest that encouragement be given to healthy habits among young people, as well as to the fight against education failure and the launching of information campaigns that accurately portray the current lifestyle of adolescents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2004.00329.x
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The acceptability of different types of soymilks available in Cape Town in consumers from high and low socio-economic areas (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 28 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and acceptability of soymilk (defined as consumption pattern/usage and taste) by adult consumers, residing in different socio-economic areas (low vs. high) in Cape Town. The study population of 214 participants were selected using convenience sampling. A questionnaire was developed in order to obtain demographic data (four items); basic general knowledge of soymilk (four items); and acceptability of the tested products (consumption patterns and taste) (eight items). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000) regarding basic knowledge of soymilk, with significantly more in the high socio-economic area (HSEA) having a score of at least 75%. Gender (P = 0.082) and age (P = 0.122) did not have a significant impact on the consumption patterns of soymilk. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to current usage (P = 0.228) and frequency of use (P = 0.213) of soymilk. However, a significantly smaller group (P = 0.000) of participants in the low socio-economic area had previously tasted soymilk compared with those in the HSEA (16.7% vs. 41.5%; P = 0.000). In conclusion, socio-economic status appeared to be associated with knowledge of soymilk. No significant differences with regard to gender, age or current usage in the two groups studied were noted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2004.00331.x
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 28 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2004.00350.x
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The consumer monoculture (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 27 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: ‘Development’ and the globalization of consumption is leading to a breakdown of biological and cultural diversity, erosion of food security, an increase in violence and devastation for the global biosphere. We urgently need to shift away from economic globalization and homogenization towards localization and diversification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1470-6431.2003.00316.x
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biotechnology in the agricultural sector: a challenge to consumer welfare (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 27 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The promises and pitfalls of agricultural biotechnology have long been debated. The public is often thwarted because consumers frequently perceive as risky, and therefore undesirable, those advances that they do not understand or of which they are unaware. A comparative study of the introduction of a biotechnology innovation in the United States (US) and in the European Union (EU) is a case in point. In the US, despite concerns of consumer protection and environmental groups that the use of genetically produced growth hormone in milk-producing cows will adversely impact the safety of the milk supply, scientific evidence and governmental findings appear to indicate that milk from treated cows is identical in quality, taste and nutritional value to milk from untreated cows. Experience to date in the US demonstrates some consumer resistance to milk from those cows that have received the growth hormone, which typically leads to a 10% increase in milk production. In fact, if there is no perceived differentiation between the two forms of milk, the issue offers little choice to consumers at large, and may result in economic benefit only to selected dairy farmers, as well as the producers of the genetically produced growth hormone. This situation in the US is an example of dysfunctional technology transfer, with perceived desirable benefits to a few, and perceived undesirable benefits to society-at-large. The information suggests that the US may have reacted hastily in approving the use of bovine growth hormone in milk-producing cows. The EU has taken a divergent approach by enacting moratoriums against its use. The differences identified in this study, contrasting responses to the bovine somatotrophin issue in the US and EU – driven in part by general consumer attitudes towards biotechnology – may provide insights into the issues and challenges that will be faced by both advocates and opponents of global proliferation of certain advances in biotechnology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1470-6431.2003.00318.x
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in food provision in Russian households experiencing perestroika (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 27 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The purpose of this article is to describe how households in Novgorod the Great, Russia, deal with food provision in everyday life. The study focuses on changes experienced in food provision and consumption in Russian society, in order to illustrate how households respond to the transformation towards a market economy. The study reflects women's perspective on food provision. Students from Novgorod the Great visited 105 households and asked the women in the household to answer a questionnaire. Results from the study show that in order to cope with changes in society related to economic reforms, Russian households had changed both their food consumption and food production patterns. There was no big difference between urban and rural households. Nearly all of the households were self-sufficient in the provision of vegetables and potatoes. Many households had a ‘dacha’ (plot), where they produced most of what they needed. Among the changes experienced during recent years (i.e. during the end of the 1990s), a decade after perestroika was initiated, households mentioned the rise in food prices and the decrease of income. Households reported that they consumed less fruit and/or meat. Some households also mentioned that the quality of nourishment had decreased, thereby indicating lower general quality, lower nutrition value, or less healthy foodstuffs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1470-6431.2003.00322.x
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  • 59
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    Digitale Medien
    Localization: A Global Manifesto (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 27 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Localization: A Global Manifesto. Ed. by Colin Hines (2000). London. Published by Earthscan Publishing. ISBN 1-85383-612-5 (softcover). In Canada, the book is available from for Can$29.00. In the UK, the book is available at for £10.99 or earthinfo@earthscan.co.uk
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1470-6431.2003.03140.x
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  • 60
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    Digitale Medien
    MISUSE AND USE OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AS A WELFARE INDICATOR: SELECTED ANALYTICAL AND MEASUREMENT ISSUES (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Few economic relationships have been as scrutinized as that between SNA measures of national product, investment and consumption, and welfare. The present paper contrasts SNA economic production and welfare to total production and welfare within the Walrasian framework of usefulness and costliness. An evaluation of deductions and additions to the SNA made by Nordhaus-Tobin, Zolotas, Richard and Nancy Ruggles, Kendrick, Eisner and Jorgenson-Fraumeni, in their research on extended product and income accounts and improved indicators of welfare reveals numerous unresolved analytical and measurement issues; and reaffirms the usefulness of the SNA as a fundamental, initial, welfare indicator.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00184.x
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcements (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00189.x
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    EVIDENCE OF SPATIAL AUTOCORREILATION IN INTERNATIONAL PRICES (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Data from the International Comparison Programme (ICP) generate a number of analyses examining price and quantity relationships across countries. Although geographic location is sometimes evoked to explain differences across observations, it is seldom used to measure the extent of this interrelationship. Using ICP Phase V benchmark studies (Summers and Heston, 1991) at the level of household consumption for approximately 64 countries and 23 aggregate headings in 1985, this paper introduces such a measure, testing for spatial autocorrelation among price relatives with respect to three different measures of relative location: the pairwise existence of a common boundary, the distance between capital cities and the amount of trade between two countries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00163.x
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CORRECTLY MEASURING REAL VALUE ADDED (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper examines issues involved in calculating a value added index in order to measure real value added at the industry level. Three methods of calculating real value added are considered; the Laspeyres double-deflation method recommended by the United Nations System of Nation Accounts, the commonly used single-deflation method, and the double-deflation Divisia method. Actual data are employed to clarify and illustrate the issues involved, and the paper concludes with a recommendation for an appropriate index to use when calculating industry real value added.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00166.x
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TAKING THE ENVIRONMENT INTO ACCOUNT: THE NAMEA APPROACH (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts (NAMEA) shows environmental burdens that are consistent with the economic figures in the national accounts. In the NAMEA, the existing national accounts matrix has been extended with accounts in physical units. On the basis of the expected contribution of each polluting substance to a particular environmental problem, emissions are converted to theme equivalents. This results in six summary environmental indicators that are directly comparable to the conventional economic aggregates. In addition, this meso-level information system can be used as the core data framework for integrated analyses and forecasts of economic and environmental changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00162.x
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE: A REVIEW (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00169.x
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcements (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00171.x
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  • 67
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    Digitale Medien
    HOW INCOME INEQUALITY CHANGED IN GERMANY FOLLOWING REUNIFICATION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING DECOMPOSABLE INEQUALITY MEASURES (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper analyzes how inequality in Before and After Government income has changed in Germany since reunification using the 1990 through 1992 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel. A Theil decomposable inequality index is used to measure inequality in Germany and in its eastern and western states. Massive public transfers from west to east have narrowed the east-west income gap, substantially offset the rise in income inequality from private sources, and lowered overall inequality in the western states. The net result of this policy has been a drop in After Government income inequality in Germany between 1990 and 1992.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00142.x
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PERCEPTIONS, PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF PREPARING LABOUR FORCE ACCOUNTS IN INDIA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The paper concerns the links between labour force accounts and national accounts. It first discusses the variation in the perception of labour force among countries which results in much disparity in recorded participation rates. This obviously makes international comparison difficult. Since benchmark labour force information is often tied to population censuses which are infrequent and vary in concepts and approaches, even comparisons within a country over time are difficult. Finally a discussion of the use of labour force data to estimate the unrecorded economy is followed by suggestions on the direction for future work.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00149.x
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ALTERNATIVE MEASURES OF THE AVERAGE DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Four alternative measures of the average duration of unemployment are examined with the intention of illustrating: (1) the biases inherent in the average incomplete duration of unemployment, a statistic that is often the only one reported by many statistical agencies; and (2) the robustness of the average complete duration of unemployment to a host of assumptions underlying its derivation by non-parametric methods. Canadian data are employed, but the results offer a guide to the construction of the average complete duration of unemployment that may have broader applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00146.x
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  • 70
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    Digitale Medien
    IS MONEY THE MEASURE OF WELFARE IN RUSSIA? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 42 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The transformation of a non-market to a market economy ought to change fundamentally the significance of money incomes for welfare. Whereas in a stressful non-market economy such as the former Soviet Union, non-monetized resources could substitute for money income and promote welfare, in a modern market economy money income should be a good proxy for household welfare. This article tests the extent to which Russians are now in a modern market economy by analyzing data from nationwide Russian surveys in January, 1992, and April, 1994. Modern influences are increasingly important as a determinant of the distribution of money incomes, but not as an influence upon household welfare. The “randomness” of temporary disruptions of welfare is in accord with Rawlsian principles of equity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00147.x
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  • 71
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    Digitale Medien
    AN EXPLORATORY COMPARISON OF INCOME RISK IN GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Using longitudinal data, 1 estimate the impact of redistribution on the welfare cost of income risk in Germany and the United States. The estimates account fully for behavior because individuals in each country have responded optimally to that country's policy. The results indicate that the welfare cost of income risk is 5.4 percent of disposable income in Germany, 8.5 percent in the U.S. Redistribution has reduced these risks from their pre-tax, pre-transfer levels by 43 percent in Germany, 21 percent in the U.S. The political importance of income security is evident in both countries, as risk relief often eliminates the net burden of redistributive taxes among middle-class households. The conclusions are robust across several models of income expectations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00135.x
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  • 72
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    Digitale Medien
    THE 1993 REVISED SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The 1993 System of National Accounts is a remarkable document, but the System also has some major imbalances and omissions. The present paper spells out four aspects of the SNA that require further development: (1) accounting for the costs of economic change; (2) delineation of information as an economic commodity; (3) overhaul of the methodology underlying input-output accounts; and, (4) consequences of the System's implicit use of compacted accounting. These developments can be incorporated in a Supplementary Document in the near future. We need not wait 25 years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00138.x
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  • 73
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    Digitale Medien
    HISTORY AND MEASUREMENT IN THE SERVICE SECTOR: A REVIEW (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Economic Council of Canada, Employment in the Service SectorDelaunay, Jean-Claude, and Jean Gadrey, Services in Economic Thought: Three Centuries of DebateGriliches, Zvi (ed.), Output Measurement in the Service Sectors
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00140.x
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    POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA DURING THE 1980s (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: On average, poverty and income inequality increased in Latin America during the 1980s. Forty-six percent of the increase in poverty took place in the cities of Brazil alone, though part of this reflects the migration of poor rural inhabitants to urban areas. There is strong evidence that both income inequality and poverty mirrored the economic cycle, rising during recession and falling during recovery. Economies that grew (e.g. Colombia, Costa Rica) performed better with respect to poverty and income inequality than those that stagnated. In particular, countries that failed to stabilize effectively (e.g. Brazil, Peru) experienced substantial increases in poverty. Educational attainment has the greatest correlation with both income inequality and the probability of being poor. From a policy standpoint, there is a clear association between the provision of education, lessening of income inequality, and poverty reduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00119.x
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  • 75
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    THE LOSS OF EARNINGS CAPABILITY FROM DISABILITY/HEALTH LIMITATIONS: TOWARD A NEW SOCIAL INDICATOR (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Health problems and physical and mental impairments can restrict the kind and amount of work that individuals can perform. Several studies have estimated the loss in earnings experienced by disabled/health-limited workers, but they do not examine the trend in this loss over time. The authors propose an alternative indicator of productivity loss that is more appropriate for inter temporal comparisons: “lost earnings capability”–the difference between the amount of money persons could potentially earn if they were free of disability/health limitations and the amount of money that they can actually earn given their limitations. The estimates indicate that the mean lost earnings capability per disabled/health-limited person grew over the period from 1973 to 1988, while the population with disabilities/health limitations fell. In 1973, lost earnings capacity totaled about 5.3 percent of Gross National Product (GNP); by 1988, the loss had fallen to about 4.5 percent of GNP as a consequence of the reduction in the number of people with limitations. Data are from the Current Population Surveys and the Survey of Income and Program Participation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00121.x
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  • 76
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    INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Review Article on Industrial Efficiency in Six Nations
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00110.x
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  • 77
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    THE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE IN PORTUGAL: 1980 AND 1990 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: From 1980 to 1990 Portugal experienced a generalized liberalization of economic activity, due in large part to its 1986 integration in the European Union. This paper studies the changes in the Portuguese distribution of household income and expenditure during this period, using micro-data on household budgets and applying recent developments in statistical inference for Lorenz curves. We find a significant increase in six measures of welfare and an unambiguous decrease in the inequality of the respective distributions. Different explanations for the findings of decreased inequality are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00090.x
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  • 78
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    PENSIONS AND THE ELDERLY (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Richard Burkhauser and Dallas Salisbury (Eds.), Pensions in a Changing EconomyJohn Williamson and Fred Pampel, Old Age in Comparative Perspective
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1995.tb00096.x
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  • 79
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    What Can Africa Learn from Asian Development Successes and Failures? (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article:Peter Lawrence and Colin Thirtle (eds.), Africa and Asia in Comparative Economic Perspective
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00098
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    Announcements (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Announcements in this article:International Association for Research in Income and Wealth: Twenty-Eighth General Conference, 2004, Cork, Ireland, 22–28 AugustTravel Grant for the IARIW 28th General Conference in Cork, Ireland 22–28 August, 2004Notice of Availability of Back StockInformation for Contributors
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00099
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  • 81
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    ACCOUNTING FOR NONMARKET HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION WITHIN A NATIONAL ACCOUNTS FRAMEWORK (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The satellite accounts illustrated in this paper reflect the household's role as a producer and an investor in durables as well as a consumer by modifying the NIPA's to (1) incorporate the value of nonmarket (unpaid) household work into GDP; and (2) treat expenditures on consumer durables as investment and measure the value of the services those durables provide. Additionally, an Input–Output (I–O) model highlights the household's functions as a producer and investor in much greater detail for the year 1992 by incorporating a household industry for each time-use activity and by showing the inputs to and outputs from each household industry's production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00844.x
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  • 82
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    GROWTH, POVERTY, AND INEQUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA: A CAUSAL ANALYSIS, 1970–94 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Taking advantage of consistent poverty and income inequality data for 12 Latin American countries between 1970 and 1994, we analyze the determinants of changes in the incidence of urban and rural poverty and in Gini coefficients over spells of years, stressing in particular the role of aggregate income growth. We find that income growth reduces urban and rural poverty but not inequality. We also find that income growth is more effective in reducing urban poverty if the levels of inequality and poverty are lower, and the levels of secondary education higher. We show that there is an asymmetry in the impact of growth on poverty and inequality, with recession having strong negative effects on both poverty and inequality. Since growth does not reduce inequality, economic cycles create ratchet effects on the level of inequality. However, post-structural adjustment growth is quite effective at reducing poverty, particularly if inequality is low.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00843.x
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  • 83
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    Digitale Medien
    DOMINANCE TESTING OF TRANSFERS IN ROMANIA (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this paper we compare the progressivity of different government transfers made to households in Romania. We use distribution free standard errors to examine the difference between concentration curves that may be correlated, and thereafter employ statistical tests that take into account the covariance matrix for the ordinate estimates. In addition, we estimate extended Gini coefficients for the same transfers to check their consistency with the tests of inequality dominance. The results show that almost all transfer payments in Romania are progressive, and that they have an important effect on the distribution of income. Rankings among different transfer payments are, however, not robust. In particular, sensitivity analysis using different household equivalence scales indicates that many results are not consistent across scales, and that lower size elasticities contribute to changes in ranking of Ginis and loss of statistical significance in dominance tests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00845.x
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  • 84
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    NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ESTIMATION USING INDICATOR RATIOS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We propose a new approach to national accounts compilation, which also serves as a formalization of current compilation practices. When formalizing the procedure, a distinction is made between (basic) data, national accounts identities and so-called indicator ratios. The latter are ratios of or percentage relations between national accounts variables, such as the relation between output and value added. Indicator ratios are currently used in national accounts compilation practices in order to make adjustments to the basic data or to fill in missing data. The latter use is particularly relevant when basic data are scarce, which is the case not only in many developing countries, but also in developed countries when annual accounts are compiled for recent periods. The (basic) data, indicator ratios and identities together are used in a Bayesian approach to estimate the values of national accounts variables and analytical indicator ratios based thereon. The amendment of the current practices consists in introducing reliability intervals of basic data and indicator ratios, which allows for the use of a much larger number of indicator ratios in the compilation and checking of national accounts data. The Bayesian compilation approach makes it possible–in contrast to current practices–to use indicator ratios both as priors and as analytical indicators.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00846.x
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  • 85
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    GROWTH AND INEQUALITY: A REVIEW ARTICLE (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00849.x
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  • 86
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    THE CHARACTERIZATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The definitions of goods and services have been debated among economists for more than two centuries. This article seeks to consider the definitions currently used from a critical perspective and to offer a new general definition of services that is compatible with the existence of several demand rationales.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00848.x
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  • 87
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    MEASURING NEW ZEALAND'S GDP 1865–1933: A COINTEGRATION-BASED APPROACH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Official and semi-official estimates of New Zealand's national income are available on an annual basis for the years since 1932. Retrospective, non-official, estimates are available from 1859. Chiefly these are constructed following Doblin's (1951) pioneering use of money stock data, velocity, and the implications of the Quantity Theory of Money, and include the estimates of Hawke (1975), Rankin (1992) and Cashin (1995).This paper estimates New Zealand real GDP per capita with monetary data using valid, intervention-free, cointegration methods. The new measures avoid the ad hoc adjustments found in Rankin (1992), yet unlike Cashin (1995), they incoporate specific New Zealand monetary features. The new time series conform well with independent benchmarks and the historiography of the pre-1914 period. Alternatively, they suggest an interpretation of New Zealand's growth experience for years around World War One which differs from that of Australia, and from the findings of Rankin (1992) and Cashin (1995).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00847.x
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  • 88
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    CALL FOR PAPERS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00850.x
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  • 89
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    FALLING LABOR INCOME INEQUALITY IN KOREA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH: PATTERNS AND UNDERLYING CAUSES (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Over the last twenty-five years, the economy of the Republic of Korea achieved a remarkable growth rate of 7 percent per year in real per capita income, causing it to be labeled, justifiably, as a “miracle economy.” This exceptional economic growth has beenpp accompanied by an even more exceptional fall m labor income inequality. Using a newly-developed methodology, we use data from Korea's Occupational Wage Surveys to quantify the importance of various factors that have contributed to the fall in labor income inequality in Korea. We find the most important factors explaining the level of income inequality are job tenure, gender, years of education, and occupation, while those that are most important in explaining the change in income inequality are years of education, industry, occupation, and potential experience.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00952.x
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  • 90
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    RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINES: A NEW APPROACH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: When measuring poverty over time analysts must choose the value of the income elasticity of the poverty line, which essentially determines whether an absolute or relative poverty line is being used. The choice of this parameter is ultimately a value judgement, but this paper suggests an approach which has some empirical basis. Borrowing from the life-style and deprivation approach to poverty, various dimensions of poverty and deprivation are identified and the income elasticity of these items is used as the income elasticity of the poverty line. Data from the 1987 and 1994 Irish Household Budget Surveys suggest an upper bound of 0.7 for this parameter. Poverty measures using a number of values of the income elasticity of the poverty line are presented and test statistics are presented to determine whether observed differences in poverty measures are statistically significant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00954.x
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  • 91
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    POVERTY INDICES AND POLICY ANALYSIS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Our aim in this paper is to show how recent developments in the theory and methods of poverty measurement can be applied to provide more accurate descriptions of poverty trends to the typical consumers of these statistics—policy analysts, policy-makers and their critics. Since Amartya Sen's (1976) classic critique of the “headcount” approach to poverty measurement, considerable progress has been made in constructing axiomatically-driven measures of “poverty intensity.” These measures have had little influence outside the small world of experts who devised them largely because their mathematical representation has made their meaning obscure to potential users. We focus on the Sen-Shorrocks-Thon (SST) index and its elaboration by Osberg and Xu which provides the information contained in the index in a format that is easily accessible within traditional categories of poverty analysis. The SST index and its decomposition provide an analytical framework for discussing the underlying components of aggregate trends that allows for unambiguous answers to the usual policy-related questions concerning the components of change as well as their magnitude and direction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00953.x
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  • 92
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    PRICE HETEROGENEITY AND “REAL” INEQUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF PRICES AND POVERTY IN RURAL SOUTH INDIA (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper, based upon a case-study of three Indian villages, studies whether households within the same market pay different prices for identical goods. It is found that not only are unit prices for food heterogeneous, but that the poor pay more for the same goods than the rich. This is because liquidity constraints force poorer households to purchase goods in small quantities and consequently subject them to quantity premiums. Household specific index numbers are used to adjust nominal incomes to real values and it is found that Gini coefficients of real incomes are between 12 percent to 23 percent greater than the Gim for nominal incomes. An econometric analysis of the determinants of prices shows that incomes are negatively correlated with prices, as is family size, but that the amount of land owned shows a positive relationship.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00955.x
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    THE HAND OF HISTORY AND THE EQUITY-LEGITIMACY NEXUS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00958.x
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  • 94
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    BULGARIA'S NATIONAL INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1913–45 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The article concerns Bulgarian statisticians' work on accounting of national income within the first half of the 20th century. Basic concepts of these authors are described, and aggregate data sets derived by them presented. The trend of economic growth in Bulgaria is analyzed, mainly from 1924 to 1945. The statistics of industrial and agricultural change, as well as the foreign trade activity are considered. An historical interpretation of that change is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00957.x
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  • 95
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    INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN INCOME AND WEALTH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00959.x
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  • 96
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    HIGH AND LOW EARNINGS JOBS: THE FORTUNES OF EMPLOYERS AND WORKERS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The focus of the literature on the effect of job changes has been on the consequences of job destruction on the individual worker. In this paper we analyze the impact on the earnings distribution of both job creation and job destruction. We establish a link between job reallocation and the movement of workers into and out of the tails of the earnings distribution. Both job creating and job destroying employers shed jobs mostly from the middle and lower tails of the earnings distribution, although this is cyclically very sensitive. Labor mobility (triggered by job reallocation) is risky: mobile workers will generally end up in the upper or lower tail of the distribution rather than in the middle. If workers move across industry boundaries, they typically move to the lower tails of the distribution. In sum, the fortunes of workers depend on the fortunes of their employers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00956.x
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  • 97
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    ACCOUNTING FOR RESOURCE DEPLETION: A MICROECONOMIC APPROACH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The theoretical basis of a practical method of accounting for depletion of mineral resources is presented. Rent rises at the rate of interest, but depletion does not. Rent is equal to the sum of depletion and depreciation less any opportunity cost of present production as compared to waiting. Depletion follows a path which is dependent on the depreciation formula chosen by the accountant. The approach is compared to the methods proposed by the BEA in 1994.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00389.x
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    LABOR EARNINGS AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME MOBILITY IN REUNIFIED GERMANY: A COMPARISON OF THE EASTERN AND WESTERN STATES (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 45 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we compare income mobility of persons from the eastern and western states of Germany between 1990 and 1995. We consider income mobility between consecutive years and between the first and the final year of this time period. We find that gross individual labor income mobility was much higher in the east than in the west during the first years after reunification, but that this difference has become much smaller until 1995. Changing to measures that reflect economic well-being more accurately, we observe that gross equivalent labor income mobility and net equivalent income mobility initially were also much higher in the eastern states than in the western states, but converged over time as well. This convergence has been particularly strong for net equivalent income mobility, suggesting that the social protection system has greatly reduced mobility risks associated with the transformation process in the eastern states of Germany.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1999.tb00342.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HOW CERTAIN ARE DUTCH HOUSEHOLDS ABOUT FUTURE INCOME? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 45 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The precautionary saving literature shows that income uncertainty increases savings and wealth. To estimate the magnitude of this effect, we need a measure of income uncertainty. This paper empirically analyzes subjective income uncertainty in The Netherlands. Data come from a large Dutch household survey. We measure income uncertainty by asking questions on expected household income in the next twelve months. First, we describe the data and investigate the relationship between the measure of income uncertainty and a number of household characteristics. Controlling for information on expected income changes, we find strong relationships between labor-market characteristics and the subjective income uncertainty as reported by the heads of the households. Second, we compare income uncertainty in The Netherlands with income uncertainty in the U.S. and Italy. It becomes evident that perceived income uncertainty is smaller in The Netherlands than it is in the U.S.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1999.tb00343.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    THE WEALTH EFFECTS OF INCOME INSURANCE (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 45 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Precautionary savings models suggest that wealth should rise with income risk. Risk is reduced by means-tested transfers, however, which implies that transfer programs should discourage private wealth accumulation. We offer a comprehensive empirical assessment based on variation across states in the generosity of a number of programs, specifically unemployment insurance and means-tested transfers (Aid to Families with Dependent Children and Food Stamps). We use monthly data on married couples from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to regress wealth on income, income risk, and various measures of transfer generosity. The results support the precaution-ary savings model and reveal moderate negative wealth effects of both unemployment insurance and means-tested transfers, with an elasticity of about −0.18.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1999.tb00344.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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