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  • Rat  (238)
  • Light microscopy
  • Synapses
  • Springer  (351)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1975-1979  (160)
  • 1970-1974  (191)
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 161-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Ovary ; Rat ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Fifty adult female rats were used to study the effect of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α-OH-D3)on bone after oophorectomy. The experimental period was 6 months. At the end of the experiment the femurs and the tibias were investigated for bone mass and composition. Significant signs of osteopenia occurred as a result of oophorectomy. The treatment with 1α-OH-D3 induced only minor changes in blood chemistry but increased bone mass significantly. The findings support the view that 1α-OH-D3 may be a valuable tool in the treatment of osteoporosis resulting from ovarian insufficiency.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Catecholamine synthesizing enzymes ; Adrenal medulla ; Embryonic induction ; Adrenocortical hormones ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular localization of the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase (or dopa decarboxylase, DDC), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in the adrenal medulla of adult rats and rat fetuses (14th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 21st day) was examined. In the prenatal stages the medullary blastema and an adjacent part of the primitive sympathetic trunk were also investigated. Tissues were fixed in ice-cold 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Cryostat sections (10 μm in thickness) were stained by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Rabbit antibodies to TH (isolated from human pheochromocytoma), DDC, DBH and PNMT (the latter three isolated from bovine adrenal medulla) were used. Sections incubated with serum of non-immunized rabbits were used as controls. In the adult adrenal medulla, two cell types can be distinguished. One cell type contains only TH, DDC and DBH. The other cell type contains PNMT in addition. It is concluded that these cells correspond to the noradrenaline-(NA-) and adrenaline-(A-)storing cells respectively. In all prenatal stages TH, DDC and DBH are found in the primitive sympathetic trunk, in the medullary blastema, and in the medullary cells which have migrated into the cortical “anlage”. PNMT is observed for the first time on the 18th day. Moreover, PNMT could only be demonstrated inside the adrenal gland. From these observations it is concluded that the capacity to synthesize NA is developed even before the “medullary” cells have reached the cortical “anlage”. On the contrary, the capacity to synthesize A seems to be acquired only after this contact is established. The hypothesis is put forward that this phenomenon might indicate the induction of PNMT by glucocorticoids secreted by the fetal cortex.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 135-146 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arcuate nucleus ; Cytogenesis ; Synaptogenesis ; Neuropil ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphogenesis of the arcuate nucleus of the rat from the 15th fetal day to the 6th postnatal day was investigated light and electron microscopically. The arcuate neurons exhibit a gradual development after the 15th fetal day. All cytoplasmic constituents are present in these nerve cells already during the last days of gestation. Nevertheless, they are not fully differentiated at birth. The first synapse-like structures (presynapses) were observed in 17 day-old, the first synapses in 18 day-old fetuses. During the early postnatal period the number of presynapses decreases, but at the same time there is a gradual increase in the number of the relatively mature synapses. This process starts already during the last days of prenatal life. Although all structural elements of the arcuate nucleus of the adult rat appear to be present at birth, the extent of the neuropil area and the number of the presynapses indicate that the arcuate nucleus is still in a fairly undeveloped stage during the first postnatal days.
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  • 4
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    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 329-334 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Axon terminals ; Tanycytes ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present ultrastructural study proves the existence of nerve terminals closely apposed to the plasmalemmata of tanycytes in the rat median eminence. Several of these “axo-tanycytic” endings display remarkable accumulations of agranular endoplasmic reticulum in the form of pleomorphic vesicles which are closely apposed on either side of the plasma membrane of each cell compartment. Some of these vesicular profiles give the impression of structural continuity across both membrane systems. This phenomenon is discussed in the context of being a potential substratum for communication between both cell compartments.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vomeronasal organ ; Membrane particles ; Cell contacts ; Freeze-etching ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The free surfaces and cell contacts in the epithelia of the vomeronasal organ of the rat were investigated by freeze-etching. The microvilli of receptor cells show a lower density of intramembranous particles (IMP) than the microvilli in the receptor-free epithelium. The ratio between the IMP on P and E-face is approximately 11∶1 in the receptor terminals, and 3.5∶1 in the cilia and microvilli of the receptor-free epithelium. Although atypical in length and only poorly equipped with rootlet fibers, the cilia of the receptor-free epithelium are furnished with typical ciliary necklace structures of up to 10 rows of membrane particles. Differences in the density of IMP on the P-faces of different cilia are probably due to continual ciliogenesis and also due to the different age of cilia in the receptor-free epithelium. Zonulae occludentes show different configurations in the neuroepithelium and in the receptor-free epithelium. In the former, they show a tendency to cross-link and form facet-like patterns, reflecting a constant morphology and relative stability for this apical region. In the receptor-free epithelium the junctional rows of zonulae occludentes display only loosely interconnected networks and a tendency to orient parallel to each other and to the free surface. In addition to zonulae occludentes, typical square aggregations of IMP are observed in the receptor-free epithelium. They are not exclusively restricted to the zone of intensive cell contacts by means of fine interdigitating cell processes, and their function has yet to be identified experimentally.
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  • 6
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    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 163-177 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrin cells ; Entero-endocrine cells ; Rat ; Cell isolation ; Pylorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A technique has been developed to obtain viable, isolated and enriched populations of gastrin cells (G-cells) from the rat stomach. Restricted tissue samples from a small area of the pyloric antrum known to be particularly rich in G-cells, were sequentially digested with pronase followed by mechanical agitation, to remove the epithelial cells. This technique resulted in a significant enrichment of G-cells (3–4 fold) since the surface epithelial cells and upper portions of the glands were discarded before the initial G-cell fraction was collected. These cells in suspension were then isolated from each other by gentle pipetting in a DNase containing solution and designated the crude preparation (CP). The G-cells were then purified further by separating the cells according to size by velocity sedimentation. The greatest concentration of G-cells (15–25 %) was found in the fraction containing cells with diameters of 10 to 12 μm. The effectiveness of the technique was evaluated by counting G-cells as identified by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence and assessing gastrin activity by radioimmunoassay. All three methods indicated that cell separation by gravity velocity sedimentation enriched the G-cell population 15–20 fold over their concentration in the CP. The combined techniques of selective pronase digestion followed by gravity velocity sedimentation resulted in an isolated cell preparation containing a 50–100 fold increase of G-cells over their normal distribution in the intact gastric mucosa. Since these isolated G-cells retain features indicating viability, their usefulness for in vitro studies is suggested.
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  • 7
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    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Magnocellular neurosecretory system ; Activation ; Rat ; Vasopressinergic neurons ; Oxytocinergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat was studied in tissue sections, double stained with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique. The results indicate that in animals with an activated hypothalamic magnocellular neuroendocrine system, as well as in normal animals, vasopressin and oxytocin are exclusively synthesized in separate vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LH-RH neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location of the perikarya of LH-RH neurons in the rat hypothalamus and their pathways to the median eminence were studied by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay after placing stereotaxic electrolytic lesions in several parts of the hypothalamus. The principal location of the cell somata was found to be in the ventral part of the medial preoptic area; their pathways were classified into a main baso-lateral pathway and an accessory descending pathway branching off from the former. The main pathway was found to cross in the vicinity of the corresponding neuronal perikarya. The central median eminence and the dorsal and ventral walls of the tubero-infundibular sulcus of the caudal part of the median eminence are innervated mainly by the baso-lateral pathway. On the other hand, the rostral and most caudal portions of the median eminence are innervated principally by the descending pathway and have a subsidiary dual innervation. The projection of LH-RH neurons to the OVLT is believed to originate from perikarya adjacent to this circumventricular organ.
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  • 9
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    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 427-433 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arcuate nucleus ; Rat ; Hypothalamic deafferentation ; Synaptic plasticity ; Estrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to examine the effect of estrogen on the synaptic structures in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN), semi-quantitative studies were performed by counting synapses in an 18,000 μm2 area in the middle part of the ARCN in each brain. In ovariectomized female rats injected with 2 μg of estradiol benzoate (EB) for three weeks, the mean numbers of axodendritic and axosomatic synapses were not significantly different from those in the intact and ovariectomized controls. When the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) including the ARCN was isolated by use of a Halász knife (MBH island), the mean number of axodendritic synapses was decreased to about half of the controls. However, EB treatment for three weeks from the day of surgery effectively restored the axodendritic synaptic population of the deafferented ARCN. This may suggest that estrogen has a facilitatory effect on axodendritic synapse formation in the deafferented ARCN, presumably by stimulating axonal sprouting and synaptic regeneration of intact axons in the MBH island.
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  • 10
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    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 441-454 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Rat ; Seminiferous tubule ; Transitional zone ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study was made on the structure of the testicular transitional zone (TZ) in the adult rat. The TZ proper consists of modified Sertoli cells, with only a few spermatogonia and macrophages, surrounding distally a very narrow lumen. The TZ Sertoli cells have nuclei with a somewhat coarser matrix and more peripheral heterochromatin than Sertoli cell nuclei of the nearby seminiferous tubules, and the electron density of the cytoplasm varies from cell to cell. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant, but usually there are also scattered ribosomal rosettes and an occasional profile of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Microtubules are very numerous in the columnar portion of the cell, and laminar structures seemingly joining the cell surfaces are sometimes seen. Lipid droplets and lysosomal structures are frequent cellular components in proximal TZ Sertoli cells. Empty intracellular vacuoles are abundant, sometimes arranged around areas of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Occasionally, membrane-limited fine granules and vacuoles are seen within Sertoli cells and also in the TZ lumen, suggesting a possible secretory activity by these cells. The apical processes of the Sertoli cells form large vacuolar structures, and in the basal parts of the epithelium vacuoles with capillary-like appearance are frequently seen. Phagocytosis of germinal cells by the Sertoli cells occurs in the proximal region of the TZ. Round waste bodies in contact with the Sertoli cell apices protruding into the tubulus rectus, are also common. The tunica propria of the TZ is thickened and somewhat wrinkled, and in the proximal region the myoid cell layer loses its continuity and is replaced by fibroblasts. The epithelium of the tubulus rectus adjacent to the TZ consists of several overlapping epithelial cells. The typical junctional complexes between TZ Sertoli cells appear to be impermeable to the lanthanum tracer.
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  • 11
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    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 483-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Rat ; Luteotroph cells ; Pimozide ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of pimozide, a dopamine receptor-blocking agent, were studied in the pars distalis of the rat. The animals received 100μg/100 g pimozide daily for 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. Pimozide induces striking ultrastructural changes after 5 days of treatment. The number of luteotroph (LTH) cells is significantly increased; they display characteristics of stimulation. The extrusion of granules into the intercellular space via exocytosis is frequently observed. The intercellular spaces are highly dilated, forming a lacunar system filled with an amorphous material, erythrocytes and involuted LTH cells. Transitional stages in the process of involution are observed in LTH cells. Luteotroph cells also form a syncytium. Twenty days after treatment the abovedescribed changes decrease in magnitude. The present findings suggest that pimozide stimulates the mechanism of synthesis and release in the luteotroph cells, an effect that is less evident with longer treatment.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars distalis ; Graft ; Ultrastructure ; Prolactin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intact female rats received transplants of two hypophysial partes distales under the kidney capsule. The plasma levels of prolactin were determined, and the ultrastructure of the grafted gland was studied 15, 45 and 90 days after the operation. Although prolactin levels in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control rats, a decrease in prolactin level was detected in the 45-day samples. Parallel ultrastructural changes suggest that between the 45th and 90th postoperative day a process is initiated leading to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of prolactotrophs.
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  • 13
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    Cell & tissue research 204 (1979), S. 141-145 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurofibrils ; Silver impregnation ; Synapses ; Macaca fascicularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In view of the contradictory results obtained from a number of studies on the nature of ring images found after neurofibrillar silver impregnation, this question was reinvestigated at the ultrastructural level in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the monkey. The ring images found here are produced by silver deposits on ring-shaped accumulations of neurofilaments in the afferent synapses of retinal origin. Tubular impregnation of axons was not found to be a factor in the genesis of ring images.
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  • 14
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    Cell & tissue research 204 (1979), S. 161-169 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oculomotor nucleus ; Rhesus monkey ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of synapses and of cellular relations was examined in the somatic efferent portion of the oculomotor nucleus of the adult rhesus monkey. Axosomatic and axodendritic synapses are characterized by distinct synaptic clefts which usually measure 20–30 nm between pre- and postsynaptic membranes. Cytoplasmic “thickenings” of pre- and postsynaptic membranes are often observed. Subjunctional bodies are present at both axosomatic and axodendritic synapses. Somatic and dendritic spine synapses are present. Serial synapses are also found, suggesting the operation of presynaptic inhibition in this nucleus. At some synapses the extracellular gap between pre- and postsynaptic membranes is reduced to 5–9 nm. However, junctions similar to the latter are also present between neurons and glia, and at the junctions between adjacent glial elements. The present results provide no evidence for a clear morphological substrate for electrotonic transmission in the somatic efferent portion of the primate oculomotor nucleus.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dissociated nerve cell cultures ; Desmosomes ; Synapses ; Gap junctions ; Cell communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of intercellular contacts was studied in primary cultures prepared from chicken embryonic brain. Desmosomes were frequently seen between the glial cells. Synaptic contacts were observed among neuronal cell bodies and neural processes after 8 days in vitro. Gap junctions were revealed between glial elements suggesting a functional role in direct cell communication and providing a morphological basis for previous observations on potassium transport in cultures of dissociated brain cells.
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  • 16
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    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 271-279 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subsurface cisterns ; Neurons ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Structures identified as subsurface cisterns (SSC's) were found in neurons of the paraventricular nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. They appeared as cytoplasmic organelles consisting most often of stacks of parallel cisterns apposed to the neuronal plasmalemma. These SSC's were located in the interneurons of the parvocellular system, but not in neurosecretory cells and glial cells. SSC's were seen at zones of cytoplasm apposed to neuronal or glial cell processes, showing in some instances specific relationships with synaptic areas. The morphological features of these SSC's are described, and their possible functional significance is briefly discussed.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Rat ; Tanycytes ; Ontogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differentiation of tanycytes was studied light and electron microscopically during the perinatal period in rats, the time when functional connections between hypothalamus and hypophysis are established. The 3rd ventricle is slit-like between 16 and 18 days of the prenatal period. Its wall is formed by intensively proliferating matrix cells with apical processes, ovoid perikarya and a basal process. The ventral region of the 3rd ventricle becomes funnel-shaped on the 20th day of the prenatal period. As the cells differentiate, the apical process becomes shorter and broader. Moreover, on day 20 of prenatal life cells without apical processes appear. Their number increases during the postnatal period. The concentration of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, polysomes, lipid droplets, dense bodies (lysosomes), lamellated and multivesicular bodies increases. Initially the cells are similar but from the 3rd day of postnatal life differentiation occurs in different regions of the infundibular recess. After the 5th day, there are no marked changes in the structure and distribution of these cells.
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  • 18
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    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 377-408 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Tanycytes ; Nerve tracts ; Regional organization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structural organization of the rostral, lateral and postinfundibular regions of the median eminence (ME) of 5-day cyclic diestrous rats was studied with light and electron microscopic methods. The ependymal cells lining (i) the floor of the infundibular recess (IR) at rostral levels, (ii) the lateral extensions of the IR, and (iii) the floor of the premammillary recess appear to represent the same type of tanycyte ependyma (β1 tanycytes). In the entire width of the rostral and postinfundibular palisade regions, as well as in the lateral palisade region of the preinfundibular ME, the processes of the β1 tanycytes form a continuous cuff. This cuff separates the nerve endings from the blood vessels and the pars tuberalis. At this level, synaptoid contacts between neurosecretory axons and the ependymal cuff can be observed. The ultrastructural characteristics of the β1 tanycytes are described and their ependymal endings tentatively classified into three types. In the lateral regions of the ME, the Golgi study revealed the presence of two fiber systems: (i) one possessing a latero-medial trajectory and distributed in the subependymal region; (ii) the other formed by a loose longitudinal tract originating from neurons of the arcuate nucleus. Some functional implications of the cellular organization of the rat ME are discussed.
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  • 19
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    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 349-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Rat ; Somatostatin-containing neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat hypothalamus was studied at the light microscopic level with the use of single and double immunocytochemical staining methods. It was shown that the rat supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and their accessory neurosecretory nuclei, do not contain magnocellular somatostatin neurons. The distribution of the hypothalamic parvocellular somatostatin cells is described. The parvocellular component of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is, at least partly, composed of somatostatin cells: they form a fairly well circumscribed periventricular cell mass. The rat suprachiasmatic nuclei contain separate somatostatin neurons and vasopressin neurons. Scattered somatostatin cells are present in the entire arcuate nucleus. In addition to the periventricular somatostatin cells located in the preopticanterior hypothalamic area and in the arcuate nucleus, the rat hypothalamus also contains numerous scattered somatostatin cells located distant from the third ventricle.
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  • 20
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    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 93-99 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary cell ; Gonadotrophs ; Culture ; Cell lines ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gonadotroph-rich cell lines were established from multipotential pituitary clonal cells (2A8) which were implanted under kidney capsule of hypophysectomized female rats. These cell lines secrete gonadotrophins (FSH and LH) continuously over two months after establishment; LHRH stimulated the secretion of hormones into the culture medium. Many of the cells reacted immunohistochemically to antiserum to FSH or LH, while a small number reacted to antiserum to prolactin or TSH. They did not contain normal secretory granules such as those of gonadotrophs in vivo.
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  • 21
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    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 499-502 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoamine fluorescence ; Microfluorometry ; Computer-assisted correction ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a circumscribed area of the preoptic periventricular nucleus of a male rat, formaldehyde-induced monoamine fluorophores modified by treatment with HCl vapors were investigated microfluorometrically (measurement of excitation peak ratio 370∶320 nm) in all fluorescent terminals and preterminals. Microfluorometric recordings of an individual fluorescent structure were performed without UV irradiation of neighboring fluorophores. Recorded data were sampled and corrected by a microcomputer (WangPCS II). 19 neuronal processes (axons) contained noradrenaline fluorophores; 11 contained dopamine fluorophores; 6 exhibited uncharacteristic excitation peak ratios; and in 9 recordings technical problems did not allow identification of the fluorophore content.
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  • 22
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    Cell & tissue research 202 (1979), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Normal bone ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of vesicles in the extracellular matrix of alveolar bone of normal young rats was demonstrated by both ultrastructural and enzymatic studies. Transmission electron microscopy revealed abundant vesicles in the matrix. The presence of hydroxyapatite crystals, both within the vesicles and in the matrix, was affiliated with rupture of the vesicular membrane. Calcifying nodules were scarce. High levels of both specific and total activities of alkalineand pyrophosphatases were found in the fraction of isolated vesicles. This fraction also showed activities of different ATPases and acid phosphatase.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Serotonin ; Quantitative light and electron microscopic radioautography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin containing structures in the median eminence of the rat have been studied by quantitative light and electron microscopic radioautography following intraventricular infusion of tritiated 5-hydroxytryptophan. One hour after injection of the tracer the highest density of silver grains was recorded in the ependymal and external zones, especially in the lateral palisade zone. The proportion of labelled neurosecretory terminals was also larger in the lateral palisade zone (29%) as compared with the medial palisade zone (13%), although the mean number of developed silver grains per one terminal was higher in the latter. On the average, 16% of neurosecretory terminals sequestered radiolabelled 5-hydroxytryptophan in the external zone of the rat median eminence. It is suggested that serotonin, like catecholamines, is discharged from neurosecretory terminals localized in the external zone and via the portal circulation affects the function of the anterior pituitary. The sites of origin of serotoninergic structures of the median eminence as well as the possible role of monoamine (catecholamine and indolamine) neurohormones in a dual peptidergic and monoaminergic control of anterior pituitary functions are discussed.
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  • 24
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    Cell & tissue research 203 (1979), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventral prostate ; Epithelial cells ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Older rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventral prostatic secretory epithelial cells in older rats were studied by light and electron microscopy. The cells vary in height in different parts of the same organ, and ultrastructurally they show the presence of a developed secretory apparatus such as well-developed Golgi body and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. They also show signs of a depressed secretory activity, involving occasional emiocytosis of apical secretory vacuoles and a paucity of condensing vacuoles in the Golgi region and above it. Further, they are characterized by the frequent occurrence of supra and paranuclear pleomorphic lysosomes.
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  • 25
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    Cell & tissue research 203 (1979), S. 189-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Anaesthesia ; Synapses ; Presynaptic terminals ; Synaptic curvature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of synapses from the molecular layer of parietal cortex was examined in two groups of unanaesthetized rats. Rats of the first group were killed by stunning across the back of the neck, and those of the second group by the introduction of fixative through a preimplanted carotid artery cannula. Comparison of synapses from the two groups revealed that the distribution of synaptic types was the same. A larger percentage of synapses of the cannulated group had vesicle attachment sites than did those of the stunned group. The area and perimeter of the presynaptic terminals were significantly larger in synapses from the cannulated group, although the equivalent length of the postsynaptic thickening was less. The mean value for synaptic curvature was greater in the cannulated group, although over 80% of synapses in both groups had positive curvatures. No significant differences were found between the groups for the relationships between presynaptic terminal area and synaptic vesicle number, and between postsynaptic thickening length and synaptic curvature. Membrane recycling is suggested as a mechanism of accounting for the differences. The preponderance of positively-curved synapses in unanaesthetized material may indicate a preponderance of functioning synapses.
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  • 26
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    Cell & tissue research 197 (1979), S. 443-451 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ameloblasts ; Cell death ; Incisors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The migration of the ameloblasts in the continuously erupting incisors of the rat is accompanied by cell loss. Ameloblasts degenerate near the mesial and lateral cemento-enamel junctions in the secretory zone and in the middle two thirds of the region of postsecretory transition, degeneration being most marked where these areas merge. These findings support the hypothesis that the prism decussation in the enamel results from alternating transverse rows of secretory ameloblasts sliding past each other whilst elaborating their rods. The distribution of the degenerating cells suggests, however, that the sliding cell rows are not exactly transverse but arcuate, with the opening facing incisally. The progress of structural alterations of the nuclei in the degenerating ameloblasts appears to follow the pattern earlier described in vinblastine-damaged ameloblasts.
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    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 145-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dorsal prostate gland ; Rat ; Apocrine secretion ; Prolactin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat dorsal prostate epithelium was studied in intact adult animals, in animals castrated for three days and in rats after inhibition of prolactin secretion. Thin sections, electron-microscopic autoradiographs and freeze-fracture replicas were used to analyze the process of apocrine secretion in this gland. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus of the secretory cells are well developed, but secretory granules are absent. The only sign indicating release of secretory material is the appearance of blebs originating from the apical plasma membrane. Freeze-fracture replicas of the apical plasma membrane reveal that the blebs develop randomly from the bases of microvilli-like protrusions. In vitro pulse labeling of the proteins using 3H-leucine resulted in a labeling of the apical blebs. A post-castration period of three days was sufficient to reduce drastically the number and size of the apical blebs concomitant with regressive changes of the cell. Suppression of prolactin secretion for three weeks by application of lisuride, a synthetic ergot alkaloid, also induced regressive changes in the secretory cells. The apical blebs were still present, but they were shrunken and their content appeared condensed. These experimental conditions proved that the apical blebs are closely related to the functional activity of the cells and are interpreted as true apocrine secretion in the rat dorsal epithelium.
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  • 28
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    Cell & tissue research 197 (1979), S. 175-194 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Synapses ; Transmitter ; Electron microscopy ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The recently discovered indoleamine-accumulating retinal neurons were studied electron microscopically after destruction of the dopaminergic retinal neurons and subsequent labeling with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. These observations confirm earlier fluorescence microscopical studies on the distribution of the indoleamine-accumulating neurons in the rabbit retina. Their perikarya are known to be located in the inner nuclear layer (INL) among the amacrine cell bodies. Their processes are found only in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), most of them in the innermost third part of that layer. The indoleamine-accumulating terminals are pre- and postsynaptic to bipolar neurons in the innermost sublayer of the IPL. Reciprocal synapses are probably the rule. The synaptic vesicles of indoleamine-accumulating synapses onto bipolar cells are arranged in “globular” clusters around a central electron dense, round body. A number of synapses formed by unlabeled amacrine neurons with postsynaptic indoleamine-accumulating elements were also detected. These synapses were mainly found in the outermost third of the IPL. Synaptic contacts between presynaptic indoleamine-accumulating neurons and postsynaptic unlabeled processes of amacrine cells are very rare.
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  • 29
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    Cell & tissue research 197 (1979), S. 281-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Gastric mucosa ; Reptilia ; Cytochemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gastric mucosa of a reptile, the lizard Tiliqua scincoides, has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The gastric pits lead into glands that are extensively coiled in the proximal stomach but become progressively shorter and straighter in the distal stomach. The following epithelial cell types have been identified: (i) Surface mucous cells (SMC) line the entire lumenal surface as well as the pits. They contain mucus granules that stain with periodic acid-Schiff and, like the granules of mammalian SMC, commonly contain an electron dense core that appears not to be mucus (periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine nonreactive). (ii) Glandular mucous cells are present in glands throughout the mucosa. They are probably homologous with the mucous neck and antral gland cells of mammals; like SMC their mucus granules contain nonglycoprotein cores. (iii) Oxynticopeptic cells (OPC) are the predominant cell type in the proximal glands but become infrequent distally. Their fine structure resembles that of OPC in other nonmammalian vertebrates, with features like those of both parietal cells and zymogen cells of mammals, (iv) Endocrine cells of three different types have been identified. Two of these show close similarities to the EC and ECL cells of mammals.
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    Cell & tissue research 203 (1979), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nuclear inclusions ; Neurons ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper deals with the ultrastructure of two types of intranuclear inclusions, “microfilamentous spindle-shaped” and “crystalloid”, present in paraventricular nucleus neurons of adult normal rats. These inclusions appear occasionally in some non-secretory neurons of the parvocellular system, but have never been seen in neurosecretory cells of the magnocellular system. The microfilamentous spindle-shaped inclusions show a close spatial relationship with the granulofibrillar body and interchromatin granules. The distribution and functional significance of such structures are discussed in the light of recent ultrastructural and biochemical studies on nuclear inclusions.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Catecholamines ; Quantitative light and electron microscopic radioautography
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    Notes: Summary By means of light and electron microscopic radioautography a quantitative study of the regional distribution of catecholamines in the median eminence of the rat was carried out. One hour after intraventricular injection of 3H-dopamine the highest radioautographic reaction was recorded in the external zone, especially in the lateral palisade zone where many neurosecretory terminals are separated from the basal lamina of the portal pericapillary space by a glial “cuff”. This area showed the highest percentage (52%) of labelled catecholamine containing neurosecretory terminals as well as the maximal silver grain density per one terminal. In the medial palisade zone where direct neurovascular contacts with the capillary loops prevail, only 27 per cent of neurosecretory terminals were found to harbour tritiated dopamine. On the average 35 per cent of neurosecretory terminals in the median eminence of the rat contain catecholamines (both dopamine and noradrenaline). Pretreatment of animals with reserpine strongly reduced the binding of the label. Per cent of labelled neurosecretory terminals as well as grain density over terminals were decreased in both the medial and lateral palisade zones, although to a lesser degree in the latter. The site of origin of catecholamine fibers as well as the mode of catecholamine action at the level of the median eminence are discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 204 (1979), S. 127-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin-like activity ; Retina ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A somatostatin-like substance is demonstrated by light microscopic immunohistochemistry (PAP-method) in perikarya and cell processes of the retina of adult and infant rats. These perikarya are identified according to their size, arrangement and distribution. Each of the first two neuronal orders (receptors, bipolar cells, ganglionic cells) of the visual pathway can be associated with retinal cells reacting positively with anti-somatostatin. In the adult rat, perikarya and processes of (i) horizontal cells, (ii) amacrine cells and (iii) large neurons in the ganglionic layer are specifically labeled. The staining of middle-sized and small ganglion cells is probably caused by the close attachment of labeled fibers to non-reacting cells. Postnatally, the immunoreactive elements develop in parallel to the differentiation of the corresponding retinal layers. It is discussed whether the three types of retinal cells containing a somatostatin-like substance provide an inhibitory system to each of the two orders of retinal neurons.
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    Cell & tissue research 196 (1979), S. 147-151 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Submaxillary salivary gland ; Secretory granules ; Glycoproteins ; Effect of heat ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Secretory granule area and glycoprotein concentration of the saliva in the submaxillary gland of rats were measured during various stages of acclimation to heat at 34±1° C. Granule size decreased by 18% during the first five days of heat acclimation (0.025〈p〈0.05) after which period it increased to reach 118% of the control levels after 28 days (p〈0.05). Glycoprotein concentration in the saliva of stimulated glands rose above control levels, reaching a maximum between the 2nd and 5th day of acclimation (p〈0.05). It was concluded that the initial decrease in granule size reflects a decrease in glycoprotein content following an increase in salivary flow known to occur at high ambient temperatures. The subsequent increase in granule size is considered an adaptation of the gland to continuous stimulation. The rise in salivary glycoprotein concentration suggests increased efficiency of the secretory mechanism.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Median eminence ; Intraependymal cisternae ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Structure, three-dimensional arrangement and ontogeny of large intracellular cisternae located in the median eminence region of the rat hypothalamus were studied using toluidin-blue stained semithin sections and electron microscopy. The cisternae occur along the projections of ependymal cells lining the ventral portion of the third ventricle (infundibular recess). Small cisternae can be seen close to the ventricle, whereas larger ones, divided into smaller compartments by thin septa, cluster near the surface of the hypothalamus. The cisternae are encompassed by a thin layer of cytoplasm to which axon terminals containing synaptic and dense core vesicles are closely related. Cisternae are arranged around the median eminence in a characteristic pattern. They occupy the midline in the retrochiasmatic area, flank both margins of the median eminence and extend caudally behind the origin of the pituitary stalk. The cisternae appear first between the 15th and 17th postnatal days. At about the 30th day their size and distribution resemble the situation observed in adult animals. The ependymal cisternae are suggested to be closely related to the luteinizing-hormone releasing-hormone (LH-RH)-containing fibers.
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  • 35
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    Cell & tissue research 197 (1979), S. 337-346 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Development ; Median eminence ; Neurohypophysial hormones ; Corticotrophin releasing factor ; Immunoperoxidase histochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transverse sections of the median eminence from fetal and neonatal rats were examined by the immunoperoxidase technique to detect the presence of oxytocin, vasopressin and neurophysin. Neurophysin was observed in the 18-day fetus. Vasopressin and oxytocin were not detected until after birth, on the 4th and 8th days respectively. There was an accumulation of material crossreactive with neurophysin and vasopressin antibodies in the palisade layer of the median eminence between the 4th and 9th days after birth. This distribution of immunoreactive material in the palisade layer was suggestive of neurosecretory substances localized in two fibre tracts on either side of the median eminence. The data are consistent with the accumulation of corticotropin releasing factor and an associated neurophysin in this area. It is suggested that the accumulation of material occurs because of the relative immaturity of the capillary loops that constitute the primary plexus of the hypophysial portal system.
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    Cell & tissue research 196 (1979), S. 237-247 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Kupffer cells ; G6PDH activity ; Histochemistry ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to identify the G6PDH-active sinusoidal cells in the rat liver described by Rieder et al. (1978). Because of their number and distribution in the liver parenchyma, endothelial cells and pit cells could be excluded. Fat-storing cells were specifically marked by vital staining with vitamin A and identified by fluorescence microscopy. Kupffer cells could be detected after vital staining with carmine. Both staining methods allowed a subsequent incubation for the demonstration of G6PDH activity in the same unfixed cryostat section. Whereas more than 80% of the fluorescent particles were found outside the enzyme-positive cells, all G6PDH-active cells contained carmine particles. After counting the G6PDH-active cells, an estimation of 0.217 × 108 cells/g liver tissue was obtained. The results indicate that high G6PDH activity is common to all Kupffer cells, and is therefore a highly specific marker enzyme for this class of sinusoidal liver cells.
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  • 37
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    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Hypothalamo-hindbrain pathway ; Rat ; Blood pressure ; Milk ejection
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In lactating rats and in rats deprived of water, the amount of neurosecretory material in the fibres of the neurosecretory hypothalamohindbrain pathway exceeds that in untreated control animals. Under these experimental conditions the pathway and its target regions can be well analysed by means of fluorescence and electron microscopic methods. 2. The axons belonging to the hypothalamo-hindbrain pathway originate from perikarya located in the caudal portion of the nucleus paraventricularis and also from a small group of perikarya in the caudo-lateral hypothalamus. On the way to the hindbrain the neurosecretory fibres join other fibre bundles of the mid- and hindbrain. 3. In the hindbrain most of the neurosecretory fibres terminate in the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii and in the area of the dorsal column nuclei. The axon terminals form synapses with other neurones. 4. Using cytochemical methods at the ultrastructural level (Naumann and Sterba, 1976), the authors were able to prove that the vesicles in the exohypothalamic fibres and in their synaptic terminals contain the same sort of material as the neurophysin vesicles in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis. 5. The most distinct increase in neurophysin was observed in lactating females which were separated from their sucklings after a normal lactation period of 15 days and killed four days thereafter, and in rats deprived of water for different time periods. 6. The relationship of the neurosecretory hypothalamo-hindbrain pathway to the nucleus tractus solitarii and to the dorsal column nuclei suggests that, functionally, there may be a correlation between the system of blood-pressure control and the milk ejection reflex.
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  • 38
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    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 75-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Fluorosis ; Enamel ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature incineration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Sixteen 58-day-old male rats of Wistar strain, with a mean body weight of 179 g, were divided into two equal groups. Each group of eight animals was maintained for 70 days on drinking water, ad lib., containing no fluorine (control group) and 100 ppm of fluorine (experimental group). All specimens examined were obtained from the incisal portions of the incisors. The following types of enamel specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy: (1) acid-etched specimens; (2) acid-etched specimens followed by low temperature microincineration; and (3) fractured specimens. The enamel formed during high fluoride exposure showed marked hypocalcification, that is, the crystallite density in the prism core and interprismatic region was lower than that of control animals. The organic substances appeared to increase in these regions. These changes were prominent in the outer and middle enamel layers. Such changes following fluoride administration appear to indicate an inhibition of enamel maturation, that is, an inhibition of the mineral deposition and/or an inhibition of organic matrix withdrawal.
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    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 525-534 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary glands ; Insects ; Innervation ; Light microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the salivary gland of the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) has been investigated with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy of methylene blue stained glands reveals the presence of a dual innervation arising from the ventral nerve cord and the stomodeal nervous system; the principal innervation is that from the ventral nerve cord which passes to the gland via the reservoir ducts. Branches of these nerves form a plexus on the acinar surface, the axons of which exhibit swelling at irregular intervals. The presence of this surface plexus and the axonal swellings was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy both in normal glands and in those in which the basal lamina had been removed by means of an HCl-collagenase digestion method. No acinar plexus was seen to be formed by branches of the stomatogastric nerve that were associated with the gland. However, other branches of this nerve were clearly connected with a complex network of multipolar neurones on the surfaces of the anterior regions of both salivary reservoirs.
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  • 40
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    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 155-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Levator ani muscle ; Rat ; Neuromuscular junction ; Castration ; Testosterone effect
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the neuromuscular junction (n.m.j.) of the androgen-sensitive levator ani muscle was studied in normal adult male rats, in 8-month-old rats castrated at the age of one month and in castrated rats treated with testosterone propionate (TP). Castration does not result in significant changes of the n.m.j. The density of synaptic vesicles and the postsynaptic junctional folds remain practically normal in spite of marked atrophy of the muscle. TP administration for 7 days results in marked changes in preand postsynaptic structures. There is slow progressive depletion of synaptic vesicles, appearance of cisternae and coated vesicles in axon terminals, and coalescence of coated vesicles with the plasma membrane. Coated vesicles are also found inside Schwann cells and among junctional folds. Dense core vesicles appear both in the axon terminals and in the postsynaptic area. Collateral sprouting of terminal axons with the formation of new immature junctions is observed. After 35 days of TP administration depletion of synaptic vesicles continues. Glycogen β-particles, mostly freely dispersed, occasionally seen in axon terminals 7 days after TP administration, subsequently increase in number. In the endplate zone of the muscle fibre increased protein synthesis is indicated by a rapid increase in ribosomes and irregularly located myofilaments and myofibrils. The appearance of n.m.j. after testosterone administration resembles that described after nerve stimulation; the degree of change is however less pronounced.
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  • 41
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    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 277-286 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Maternal adrenalectomy ; Rat ; Influence on the adrenals of newborn animals ; Electron microscopy
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Maternal adrenalectomy at 7 or 14 days of gestation produced increased cell necrosis within zona reticularis cells on the day of birth and at 24 or 48 h after birth. Small remnants or large portions of adrenocortical cells were present within macrophages. In otherwise normal adrenocortical cells, lipid droplets were incorporated within some mitochondria. Autophagocytosis of single mitochondria was observed within adrenocortical cells. Undoubtedly ultrastructural changes represent stimulation of adrenocortical cells in neonatal rats in response to maternal adrenalectomy.
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  • 42
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    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 435-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Sinus gland ; Synapses ; Palaemon ; Ultrastructure
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of neurosecretory fibers, designated as Type 5 and Type 6 axons, in the sinus gland of the freshwater prawn, Palaemon, establish contact with other neurosecretory axons by means of synaptic junctions. This finding strongly supports the view that release of some neurohormones from the eyestalk may be regulated by neurosecretory neurons through synaptic transmission.
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  • 43
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    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 501-506 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Ultrastructure ; Perivascular space ; Hormonerelease ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neural lobes from rats subjected to neurohypophysial hormone-releasing stimuli were examined electron microscopically following fixation in 4 % tannic acid in 2.5 % glutaraldehyde. This fixation allowed the delineation of the perivascular space in the neural lobe tissue. Measurement of the area of the perivascular space showed that it was significantly increased in the rats subjected to vagal stimulation and intraarterial calcium ions compared to the control rats. The rats which had been subjected to haemorrhage as a hormonereleasing stimulus did not show any significant change in the area of the perivascular space. The significance of these findings in relation to hormone release is discussed.
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  • 44
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    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 507-512 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Odontoblasts ; Osteoblasts ; Cementoblasts ; Intercellular attachments ; Electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoblasts of the young rat cranium, and cementoblasts and odontoblasts of young rat molars were prepared by ethanol freeze-fracture prior to critical point drying for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Critical point drying causes shrinkage which separates the lateral intercellular contacts between neighbours in the same sheet in the case of cementoblasts and osteoblasts, but not those between odontoblasts. These differences are considered to be of functional significance and need to be taken into consideration when formulating theories of calcium influx into the mineralizable matrix of the respective tissues.
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  • 45
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    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 513-523 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Freeze-fracture
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve terminals in the palisade zone of the rat median eminence were investigated with freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Fracture face P of the specific terminals showed two populations of intramembranous particles (IMP): a large and a small variety. The large IMP-s often formed small irregular clusters. In nerve terminals the total number of both populations of IMP-s was considerably less than that found on P membrane faces of ependymal feet. On fracture face E of the nerve terminals, the number of IMP-s was about a quarter of that seen on fracture face P. On both fracture faces of most terminals a few small round impressions (or elevations respectively) were found which may be interpreted as broken necks of either exo- or endocytotic vesicles. Neither gap nor tight junctions occurred at lateral membranes of the specific axon terminals. Similarly, no membrane specializations were observed with freeze-fracturing on membrane areas adjacent to the basement membrane. The findings are discussed in relation to a possible exocytosis mechanism of the hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones.
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  • 46
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    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat metrial gland ; Fc receptors ; Light microscopy
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cells obtained by collagenase treatment of metrial gland tissue from rats of day 12, 13, 14 and 15 of pregnancy were examined for the presence of surface membrane receptors for immunoglobulin (Fc receptors). Using an EA rosetting technique in which sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were sensitized with a rabbit anti-SRBC immunoglobulin preparation, Fc receptors were found on a proportion of the cells. The majority of the granulated metrial gland cells were not included in the rosetting cell population, suggesting that they do not possess the type of Fc receptor detected by this method. A comparison was made between results obtained when cells were counted in suspension and those obtained from cell counts on sections of fixed material. Both methods were found to yield similar results.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Taste buds ; Circumvallate papillae ; Colchicine ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is believed that differentiation and maintenance of taste buds in vertebrates is dependent on the trophic function of their sensory nerve supply. In the present work colchicine was injected into the circumvallate papilla of the rat. This produced a reversible blockade of neuroplasmic transport and disappearance of taste buds. Colchicine inhibited the further differentiation of bud cells, but apparently did not change the life cycle of the cells present already at the time of injection. It is speculated that the neurotrophic factors in this particular cell system are effective to induce cell differentiation only.
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  • 48
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    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 345-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hippocampal subfields ; Rat ; Volumes ; Timm stain
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absolute volumes of the hippocampal and subicular cortical layers in the rat were determined. The boundaries of the various layers were defined on series of sections made through the entire hippocampal region of five rats and stained according to the Timm sulfide silver technique. Coordinates representing the boundaries of the layers on selected sections were fed into a mini-computer programmed to calculate the volume of the layers from the areas of the profiles and the distances between the sections. The distribution of the layers indicates that they constitute the same proportion of the volume of the dorsal and ventral divisions of the hippocampal region, with the exception of the structures lying in regio inferior and regio superior. Although the combined regio superior and regio inferior components of the layers of Ammon's horn occupy the same percentage of the volume of the dorsal and ventral hippocampal regions, the regio superior components occupy a larger percentage of Ammon's horn in the dorsal region than they do in the ventral region. The inter-animal variations in the volumes of the various layers indicate that it is possible to describe quantitatively the subdivisions of the hippocampal region with a precision that is compatible with comparative studies.
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    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 491-496 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Castration ; LH-cells ; Rat ; Development ; Sex-steroids
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of sex-steroids on the LH-cell development in neonatal rats were studied. The cells were stained immunohistochemically by applying anti-HCG serum. On the second day after birth some of the animals of both sexes were gonadectomized and simultaneously injected with testosterone or estradiol (50 or 200 μg). The remaining animals were either gonadectomized or injected with either one of the sex-steroids. The LH-cell numbers in each group were determined on the 12th day of age from serially cut histological sections of the pituitary. In castrated males the number of LH-cells was about twice that of the intact animals. In the so-called sex-zone, LH-cells tended to be hypertrophied in castrates. These alterations in the appearance of LH-cells did not occur after ovariectomy. In gonadectomized animals injected with sexsteroids (200 μg), the cells were markedly reduced in number and size, both in males and females. Testosterone injection (50 μg) into intact newborn animals also suppressed the numerical development of LH-cells, especially in females. These alterations were particularly evident in the sex-zone in both sexes. Thus the present findings show that sex-steroids may be involved in sexual differences in morphological development of LH-cells in newborn rats.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal gland ; Rat ; Vinblastine ; Corticosterone ; Exocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vinblastine treatment blocks corticosterone release from rat adrenal zona fasciculata without impairing hormone synthesis, and induces the formation of acid phosphatase-positive granular clumps at the juxta-sinusoidal pole of the cells. Autoradiography shows that ACTH administration to vinblastine-treated animals mobilizes the 3H-cholesterol stored in the lipid droplets and leads to a noticeable labelling of the granular clumps. The possible significance of these granules is discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 285-297 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Rat ; Organ culture ; Indole metabolism ; Ultrastructural morphology
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vitro indole metabolism and ultrastructural morphology of the pineal gland of male rats were examined. A comparison of the effect of norepinephrine stimulation on indole synthesis in whole cultured glands and preparations of dispersed pineal cells is discussed. Our studies on the performance of dispersed cells during the first 24 h after preparation indicate a strong dependence of pineal cells upon physical attachment to the culture dish and probably also on cell-to-cell contact.
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  • 52
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    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 285-297 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intestinal epithelium ; Rat ; Kinetics ; Autonomic denervation
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    Notes: Summary The effect of autonomic denervation upon the kinetics of the ileal epithelium of rats was studied by tracing 3H-thymidine labelled nuclei and counting mitotic figures and goblet cells. Counts of labelled nuclei and goblet cells provided information about cell migration along the intestinal epithelium. The mitotic index and turnover time of this population were calculated from the mitotic figures counts. Comparing denervated animals with sham operated controls, it was possible to conclude that autonomic denervation, either sympathectomy or parasympathectomy results in a decrease in mitotic activity. As a result of lower mitotic activity in the crypts, the turnover time increases and there is a delay in the migration of cells from the crypts towards the villi. Sympathectomy causes an early short-lived effect upon the kinetics of the crypt cell population, since after 27 h there is a tendency to normality. Parasympathectomy produces a slower but continuous decline in mitotic activity.
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  • 53
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    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 317-327 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Circular striated muscles ; Aglantha digitale ; Giant axons ; Synapses ; Sensory receptors
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aglantha digitale swims in two ways: a slow rhythmical swim typical of hydromedusae in general and a sudden rapid movement that appears to be an escape response. The swimming musculature is an extremely well developed striated circular muscle layer that possesses a sarcoplasmic reticulum. The nervous system of this species can be divided into three units: an inner nerve ring and an outer nerve ring, which are joined by unusually large transmesogleal pathways, a group of giant axons that extends over the surface of the swimming muscle, and the radial canal. Well developed ciliated sensory cells are located on the exumbrellar surface of the margin. Consideration of these properties of the organisation of this species suggests that normal slow swimming is controlled by a mechanism similar to that found in other medusae, while the escape response is the result of the action of the giant axons.
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  • 54
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    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine cells ; Gut epithelium ; Ascidian (Styela clava) ; Insulinlike immunoreactivity ; Light microscopy
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    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the occurrence of an insulin-immunoreactive cell type in the oesophageal epithelium of the Ascidian Styela clava. Staining with aldehyde fuchsin has demonstrated a number of similar small, triangular, cells located on the basement membrane, which may have an endocrine function. Argyrophilic cells have also been found, suggesting the presence of a second endocrine cell type. The absence of argentaffin cells has led us to believe that the cells so far observed do not produce biogenic amines such as 5-HT (5-Hydroxytryptamine). The nature of these cells is discussed with reference to endocrine-like cells found in the digestive tracts of other protochordates.
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  • 55
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    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 167-179 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Decidua ; Differentiation ; Metrial gland cells (mouse) ; Distribution ; Light microscopy
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study was made with the light microscope of the cellular changes involved in the formation of the decidua in the pregnant mouse uterus up to day 11 of pregnancy. The differentiation sequence was similar to that found by previous workers but the morphology and development of the basal zone is described in more detail. In addition, the morphology of glycogen rich cells in an area termed the lateral decidual zone is described. The distribution of granulated metrial gland cells and their precursors is described. These cells are first found in the uterine stroma before the blastocyst has implanted. Later they occur in the decidua and in the circular smooth muscle zone beneath the mesometrial triangle prior to the formation of the metrial gland. Granulated metrial gland cells are also found in the maternal blood spaces of the implantation site.
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  • 56
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    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oogonia and M-prospermatogonia ; Rat ; Duration of the S-phase and the minimal generation time ; Comparative autoradiographic studies
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Ratte tritt die letzte Generation der Oogonien und “multiplying prospermatogonia” (M-prospermatogonia), die häufig in Form synchronisierter “Cluster” angeordnet sind, um den Tag 17 post conceptionem (p.c.), in die Mitose. Die S-Phasen-Dauer D-S-Duration und die minimale Generationszeit T min der weiblichen und männlichen “Gonien” wurden nach der Methode der markierten Mitosen bestimmt (22 weibliche und 22 männliche Feten von 11 Muttertieren wurden 2–22 Std nach einmaliger i.p. Injektion mit 3H-thymidin getötet). Die drei Kurven markierter Prophasen, Metaphasen und der postmitotischen Abkömmlinge, d.h. der Postmitosephasen der Oocyten und primary transitional prospermatogonia” (T1-prospermatogonia), wurden ausgewertet. Die Auswertungen ergaben, daß der Verlauf der einander entsprechenden Markierungskurven von Prophasen, Metaphasen und Postmitosephasen sowie die daraus errechneten Werte für D-S-Duration und Tmin weitgehend übereinstimmen. Die gewonnenen Werte liegen zwischen 10 und 12,5h für D-S-Duration (10h entsprechend dem Verlauf der markierten Metaphasenkurven) und 16,5 und 18h für Tmin (16,5h entsprechend dem Verlauf der markierten Metaphasenkurven).
    Notes: Summary In the rat the last generation of oogonia and multiplying prospermatogonia (M-prospermatogonia), frequently arranged in synchronized clusters, enters mitosis on about day 17 post conception (p.c.). The duration of the S-phase D-S-Duration and the minimal generation time T min of both kinds of “gonia” were determined by the method of labeled mitoses (22 female and 22 male fetuses derived from 11 pregnant rats were sacrificed from 2 to 22 h after a single i.p. injection of 3H-thymidine on day 17 p.c.). Three curves, derived from the labeled prophases, metaphases and the postmitotic descendents of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia — oocytes and primary transitional prospermatogonia (T1-prospermatogonia) — were evaluated. It was demonstrated that the curves as well as the calculated values of D-S-Duration and T min are very similar for oogonia and M-prospermatogonia. D-S-Duration ranged from about 10 to 12.5 h (10 h read off from the curves of labeled metaphases), T min from 16.5 to 18 h (16.5 h read off from the curves of labeled metaphases).
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  • 57
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    Keywords: Nucl. n. facialis ; Rat ; Retrograde reaction ; Ontogenesis ; Morphometry
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    Notes: Summary The grey level index (= GLI) and the fresh volume were determined with the image analyser Micro-Videomat for the nucl. n. facialis after axotomy of the left n. facialis. The experiments were performed on 10 rats in different stages of ontogenesis. The GLI is a quantitative parameter which could be quickly obtained and which demonstrated quantitative changes during retrograde reaction in the respective centres. A decrease in the fresh volumes of the affected nucl. n. facialis could also be demonstrated. The meaning of GLI is discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 349-355 
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    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Striated musculature ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary In a total of 96 rat pineals studied 31 were found to contain striated muscle fibers or their precursors. The muscle fibers were most frequently present in the stalk region and more frequently found in the left than in the right hemisphere. Size measurements revealed that the lengths of pineal muscle cell nuclei differ only slightly from those of the sphincter muscle of the iris. However, the yellowish appearance of pineal muscle cell nuclei under darkfield investigation, a phenomenon observed in all muscular tissues of mesenchymal origin and connective tissue cells, may support the hypothesis that pineal musculature is of mesenchymal rather than ectodermal origin.
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    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 75-82 
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    Keywords: Paracrystalline arrays ; microtubules ; Synapses ; Retina, rainbow trout ; Vincristine
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    Notes: Summary After injection of 10 μl 10-3 M vincristine into the vitreous body of the eye of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson), paracrystalline arrays in cell bodies, cell processes and presynaptic formations of the retina cells were observed. The structures resemble the paracrystalline lattice identified by several authors as microtubular protein. The paracrystals in both microtubule rich cell processes and in synaptic areas, which show only a few or no microtubules, appear to be equivalent. The synaptic paracrystals are suggested to arise from both soluble tubulin and synaptic vesicles, indicating a functional role of tubulin in synaptic transmission.
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    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 315-322 
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    Keywords: Intranuclear inclusions ; Pericytes ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary This paper deals with the ultrastructure of two types of intranuclear inclusions, “nuclear bodies” and “membranous lamellar bodies”, present in hypothalamic pericytes of intact adult rats. The nuclear bodies exhibited “simple” and “granular” forms, whereas the membranous lamellar bodies were entirely made up of myelin-like membrane whorls. The occurrence of these bodies in nuclei of pericytes has never been previously reported. The origin and functional meaning of such structures is discussed in the light of recent ultrastructural and biochemical studies on nuclear inclusions.
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    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 37-54 
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    Keywords: Synapses ; Optic nerve ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus (rat) ; Morphometry
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    Notes: Summary The identification of optic synapses in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (Güldner, 1978) has made it possible to study them morphometrically. The measurements followed the check-list introduced by Palay and Chan-Palay (1976). There are several items which could usefully be added to this list. The structure of essential synaptic components varies considerably in what is apparently one synaptic population based on morphological criteria. The possible reasons for the variable sizes of the optic boutons containing different amounts of clear and dense core vesicles are discussed in terms of different activities or metabolic states of the individual boutons and/or different metabolic states of neuronal and glial elements in their vicinity. The active zones of optic synapses are also extremely variable. One optic bouton can form several active zones of very different sizes, or form Gray-type-I (“asymmetric”), Gray-type-II (“symmetric”) and intermediate contacts at the same time. The function and/or functional efficiency of a single optic bouton therefore could then be quite different with respect to its various postsynaptic elements. The different appearance of the active zones is discussed mainly in terms of possible regulative influences from neighboring synapses via the postsynaptic neuron.
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  • 62
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    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell kinetics ; Enamel organ ; Cell production ; Cell cycle ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary The inner enamel epithelium (IEE) covers the labial tooth aspect as a one cell layer which, when cut sagittally, appears as a longitudinal cell column extending from the tooth origin toward the periphery. Following sudden tooth shortening, the IEE responds by an increased cell production which later declines below normal values. The perturbation affects all cell kinetic parameters; the progenitor compartment, which initially increases, diminishes in size toward end of the experiment. The cell cycle transition times, which initially decline, rise toward the end of the experiment. The mean normal daily cell production rate of 70 cell % (i.e. 70 cells are produced by 100 progenitors) increases to 111 cell % and then declines to a low of 51 cell %. The IEE response typifies the behavior of other cell renewal systems such as intestinal epithelium and epidermis.
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  • 63
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    Keywords: LHRH neuron ; Tissue culture ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Ontogenetic development of LHRH-containing neurons was studied by fluorescence and enzyme immunohistochemistry in rats. In in vitro studies, the tissues of the septal-chiasmatic and mediobasal hypothalamic areas of fetal rats on day 16.5 or 18.5 of gestation were trypsinized separately for dissociation of the neural cells, and cultured for several days. Immunopositive reaction against LHRH was first detected in nerve cells derived from both areas of the hypothalamus of the fetuses on days 16.5 and 18.5 of gestation, after 8 and 6 days culture, respectively. The cells were small, and seemed to be bipolar in morphology indicating an axon and arborized dendrites. Immunopositive material occurred in the cell soma as well as in the cellular processes. In in vivo studies, immunopositive material, possibly deposited in nerve fibers, appeared first in OVLT and simultaneously in the external layer of the median eminence of fetuses on day 20.5 of gestation. The immunoreactive fibers increased in number in both parts with development, especially after birth in the median eminence. No immunopositive material was detected within any neural cell bodies nor in the cytoplasm of any ependymal cells.
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    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 499-513 
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    Keywords: Somatostatin neurons ; Hypothalamic, extrahypothalamic distribution ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Using a highly sensitive antibody to somatostatin, its hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic distribution in the rat was re-examined by light microscopic immunohistochemistry (PAP-method). The scattered somatostatin-producing perikarya occur in multiple layers within the subependymal neuropil surrounding the third ventricle. They supply with short-distance projections the following hypothalamic nuclei: 1) preoptic nuclei (especially their suprachiasmatic and medial components), 2) the peripheral zones of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, 3) the ventromedial and 4) arcuate nuclei, and 5) the ventral premammillary nuclei. Furthermore, the following long-distance projections have been observed: In a rostral direction (A1) rostral of the anterior commissure to the lamina terminalis, (A2) to the OVLT, (A3) to the olfactory tubercle, and (A4) rostrally and caudally by-passing the anterior commissure to the dorsal part of the stria terminalis. More caudally, at the retrochiasmatic level an ascending dorso-lateral projection joins the ventral amygdalo-hypothalamic pathway in a reciprocal manner (B1). In addition, a descending ventrolateral tract projects to the optic tract bending dorsal to it in different directions: (C1) medial to the median eminence, (C2) lateral to the corticomedial amygdala, and (C3) caudal for additional support of the arcuate and ventral premammillary nuclei. The principal tract of somatostatin-containing fibers descends in the subependymal neuropil to the median eminence (D). The results are discussed with reference to a possible participation of the somatostatin fiber system in the afferent branch of the circuit connecting the hypothalamus with the amygdala via the stria terminalis.
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    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 181-185 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vitamin A ; Ultimobranchial tissue ; Ultimobranchial cysts ; Thyroid ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Ultimobranchial cysts in the thyroid glands of rats receiving a diet adequate in vitamin A are lined with stratified squamous epithelium and contain non-keratinized cellular debris. The epithelium of these cysts in vitamin A deficient animals is keratinized, and their lumina contain keratinized cellular strands surrounding a core of cellular debris. Upon return to a diet adequate in vitamin A the epithelium returns to a non-keratinized state, and the lumina contain keratinized strands surrounded by cell fragments and desquamated whole cells. Occasionally these cysts have an epithelium that is highly irregular in appearance. The relationship of alterations in this tisssue to possible subsequent development of neoplasias is discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 183-186 
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    Keywords: Amygdaloid body ; Hypothalamus ; Midbrain ; Autoradiography ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Light microscopic autoradiography was performed subsequent to injection of tritiated amino acids into various parts of the amygdaloid body of the rat. Evidence is provided for two hitherto unreported projections of the amygdala: from the medial amygdaloid nucleus to the contralateral premamillary nuclei and from the central amygdaloid nucleus to the mesencephalic central grey. The functional implications of these findings are discussed.
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  • 67
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    Keywords: Taste bud ; Vallate papilla ; Regeneration ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary The regeneration of the vallate papilla in the rat was studied by both light and electron microscopy. The papillae were excised and regeneration was studied at time intervals of 3 to 45 days. It was found that the vallate papilla is capable of regeneration after both partial and total papillectomies. The regenerated papillae were asymmetrical in shape. Several invaginations, independent of one another, were the equivalent of the original sulcus. Regeneration of the gustatory system occurred at circumscribed portions of the associated Von Ebner glands. The amounts of newly formed taste buds were proportional to the amount of nerve fibers in the subepithelial plexus. The regenerated taste buds showed normal histochemical and fine-structural characteristics. The results support the contention of some degree of specificity concerning the epithelium where taste bud regeneration occurs.
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    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 525-532 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intranuclear inclusions ; Neurons ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of intranuclear rodlets, microtubules, fibrillar lattices and membranous inclusions found in the developing cuneate nuclei of rats is described. Rodlets, ranging in diameter from 96–312 nm and in length from 1–2 μm, are made up of tightly packed straight filaments measuring 5–8 nm in diameter. Microtubules with a diameter of 26 nm are clustered together. Fibrillar lattices are made up of fibrils with a diameter of 9 nm arranged in layers or sets. Two to nine sets make up a lattice, with a maximum width of 68 nm, in which the adjacent sets are arranged at an angle to each other. Rodlets and fibrillar lattices occur in 6.8% of the neurons. Membranous inclusions, reported here for the first time in normal neurons, are of 2 types: small vesicles of 0.1–0.6 μm and large vacuoles measuring 1–2 μm. Both types are bounded by either a single or a double membrane and generally have an electron lucent content. Membranous inclusions occur in 25.3 % of the neurons. Changes in the frequency of occurrence of the various intranuclear inclusions in the course of postnatal development are also reported.
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    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 17-35 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Optic nerve ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Synapses of optic nerve afferents (optic synapses) in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) have been identified ultrastructurally. They are easily distinguished from other types of synapses. The optic boutons are characterized by the presence of large mitochondria with a swollen electron lucent matrix and an interconnected tubular system formed by their inner membrane. Other, more variable features include: 1) a scattered pattern of synaptic vesicles which are found throughout the entire presynaptic element with relatively little accumulation near the active zones; 2) the occurrence of dense core vesicles and glycogen granules; 3) the active zones, the majority of which is Gray-type I, but a minority can obviously be classified as Gray's type II; 4) the innervation of smaller peripheral dendrites and dendritic spines. Boutons of this kind are exclusively filled with anterogradely transported horseradish peroxidase injected into both eyes. Very few neuronal elements containing the typical mitochondria have been observed in the SCN on the 6th day post partum, increasingly more on the 9th and 12th day, but considerably higher numbers after opening of the eyes on the 17th and the following days. The location of normal and degenerating optic boutons was examined light- and electron microscopically. In the rostral third of the SCN there are relatively few optic synapses which are found close to the optic chiasma. In the middle portion of the SCN optic synapses increase in number; they are found not only in the ventral part of the nucleus but also in lateral regions. This becomes particularly obvious in the caudal third of the SCN.
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    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 353-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intranuclear microfilament bundles ; Third ventricle ; Ependymal cells ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Intranuclear microfilament bundles were observed in ependymal cells of the third ventricle of the rat. They appeared as single, cylindricallyshaped fibrillar bands up to 4.9 μm in length. In cross sections of bundles, the microfilaments exhibited an apparently regular arrangement. They were separated by a distance of 4 to 5 nm, measuring approximately 11 nm from centre to centre. One bundle consisted of 55 to 88 microfilaments. The intranuclear bundles terminated at the inner membrane of the nucleus. They exhibited close spatial relationship to perinuclear chromatin, chromatin centres, intrachromatin granules and fibrillar structures. The average ratio of nuclear sections with and without bundles was 1∶15.
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    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 145-152 
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    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Axonal degeneration ; Reactive microglia ; Capsaicin ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Capsaicin treatment of newborn rats results in the degeneration of primary sensory neurones involved in the mediation of chemogenic pain. In the present study glial changes following the pharmacologically-induced degeneration of unmyelinated primary afferent fibres terminating in Rexed's laminae I and II of the spinal cord were investigated. Light microscopy revealed an increase in the number of phagocytic glial cells in this area, reaching a maximum at 24 h after the administration of capsaicin; they had almost completely disappeared by 72 h. At the ultrastructural level these cells were characterized by their elongate or irregular nuclei with a pronounced heterochromatin pattern, a moderately dense cytoplasmic matrix, hour-glass shaped mitochondria and very large numbers of heterogeneous dense bodies and lipid droplets. On the basis of these observations, these cells were considered to represent reactive microglial cells engaged in the phagocytosis of degenerated neuronal debris. The possible origin and mode of elimination of these elements from the central nervous tissue is briefly discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 359-366 
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    Keywords: Calcareous concretions ; Pineal gland ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Serial sections of 90 Sprague-Dawley rat brains with the pineal in situ were scanned to determine the occurrence and regional distribution of calcareous concretions within the pineal gland and its surrounding leptomeningeal tissue. In 90 % of the cases examined concretions were found in varying number and appearance, predominantly lying in the dorsal region of the pineal gland and in the distal portion of the pineal stalk. Discussing the hypothesis advanced by Lukaszyk and Reiter (1975) that the origin of pineal concretions may be related to a neurosecretory process involving a pineal carrier protein, called neuroepiphysin, it is thought that, in view of the intra- and extra-pineal occurrence of concretions, processes other than secretion should be considered. Since in the pineal organ lymphatics are lacking it may well be that, due to a reduced drainage of tissue fluid, the coagulation of intercellular organic debris mingled with minerals increases with age.
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    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 527-534 
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    Keywords: Synapses ; Ventral nerve cord ; Onychophora
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    Notes: Summary The fine structure of synapses, their distribution and arrangement in the ventral nerve cord of Peripatoides leuckarti (phylum Onychophora) is described. The asymmetric synaptic junctions show a well developed synaptic cleft (300Å) and pre- and subsynaptic electron dense apposition. They frequently show an array of presynaptic projections and a subsynaptic cisterna of endoplasmic reticulum. The onychophoran synapses differ from those of annelids and insects.
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    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 161-170 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Growth ; Rat ; Remodeling ; Tetracyclines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cortical bone remodeling along the femur diaphysis was determined in normal female rats (Sprague-Dawley) with the tetracycline technique. Three segments on the cortical bone circumference (the anterolateral, the medial, and the posterior) were found to be most suitable for the study of the remodeling process. Oxytetracycline was administered at age 60 and 75 days, and groups of animals were killed at age 75, 85, 95, and 105 days. The accumulated endosteal growth during age 60 to 75 days in the anterolateral segment was found to increase uniformly in the distal direction along the femur diaphysis. A method is described where this accumulated endosteal growth is used. This method eliminates the use of calipers to determine the section level and makes it possible to study comparable sections even after varying periods of time. The proximal part of the diaphysis showed periosteal apposition in all three segments. The periosteal apposition turned into resorption in the distal part of the diaphysis in the anterolateral and medial segments, whereas the periosteal appsition increased in the posterior segment. The endosteal growth increased in the distal direction in the anterolateral and medial segments. Irregular OTC bands made measurements of endosteal remodeling in the posterior segment impossible. The cortical width decreased in the distal direction along the femoral shaft. Comparison between the different age groups is described and also the relation between the accumulated endosteal growth and the diameter of the medullary cavity.
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    Calcified tissue international 22 (1977), S. 77-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Fluoride ; Blood plasma ; Enamel mineralization ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is postulated that tissue fluid F concentrations are the primary determinants of fluoride effects on bones and developing teeth and that these concentrations are dependent on, or mirrored by, blood plasma F. It has earlier been shown that the plasma F levels are dependent on the dietary F supply as well as on skeletal F concentration. Fasting and post-ingestion or postinjection plasma F levels have been determined in rats on F doses that cause different degrees of enamel fluorosis. The results indicate that temporary peak values rather than elevated fasting values are responsible for the occurrence of enamel fluorosis and that the peak values must approach about 10 μM in order to block enamel formation by the ameloblasts. The diagnostic and prognostic importance of plasma F determinations is discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 505-511 
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    Keywords: Endothelium ; Cerebral artery ; Filaments ; Rod-shaped inclusion ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Endothelia of the anterior cerebral arteries in rats aged 1 to 3 days were studied. Thin (about 50–90 Å) and thick (about 100–110 Å) filaments are present in the endothelia. Numerous spherical- or rod-shaped bodies, measuring approximately 0.07 to 0.3 μm in diameter and up to 0.6 μm in length occur in the endothelial cells. These bodies contain a tubular structure. The diameter of the individual tubules is about 200 Å. The present observations suggest that spherical- or rod-shaped inclusions are first synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and thereafter these materials are transported into the Golgi complex for maturation. A small number of the inclusions, however, may originate directly from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and not pass through the Golgi apparatus.
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  • 77
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    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 431-443 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cornea ; Rat ; NaK-ATPase ; K-NPPase ; Histochemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sodium-potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaKATPase) activity of the rat cornea was investigated histochemically using a Pb2+-precipitation technique in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used as substrate and two methods for potassium-dependent para-nitrophenyl-phosphatase (K-NPPase) activity. With all the three techniques used it was demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaK-ATPase) activity is localized in the cell membranes of the endothelium whereas a much weaker activity was observed in the epithelium. When the Pb2+-technique was used, the epithelial cell membranes showed a weaker reaction in the presence of ouabain. This activity was only Mg2+-dependent and was presumably due to an Mg2+-dependent ATPase. The validity of the histochemical techniques for NaK-ATPase activity is discussed. The results emphasize the importance of the endothelium as the main site of Na+ transport in the cornea. Small amounts of the enzyme are also present in the epithelium, which seems to be rich in Mg2+-ATPase. Provided that careful controls are performed, all the methods give consistent results in the cornea.
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  • 78
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    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 131-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Graft ; Ultrastructure ; Innervation ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Pineal glands were grafted under the kidney capsule of mature male rats for periods of 20, 40, 60 and 100 days. Each grafted gland was then excised and divided into two halves. One half was processed for conventional electron microscopy and the other was fixed in aldehydes and then incubated in a zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide mixture at pH 4.4 (A-ZIO-4.4). During the forty days following the operation pinealocytes showed the typical ultrastructural features associated with cells with a high protein and/or peptide secretory activity. On the other hand, during this period, the number of granular vesicles decreased progressively. From day 40 on, the grafted pinealocytes lacked granular vesicles. During the second half of the experimental period the ultrastructure of the pinealocytes indicated that their secretory activity was considerably decreased. During the acute phase of the experimental period numerous structures regarded as the tip of growing axons as well as typical nerve fibres appeared around blood vessels and within the parenchyma of the grafted gland. In the transplanted tissue obtained 60 and 100 days after the operation the growth cones were scarce, whereas typical nerve endings became numerous. These endings contained small clear vesicles which reacted positively when the tissue was treated with A-ZIO-4.4. The secretory activity of the grafted pineal gland and the nature of the nerve fibres which innervate the graft are discussed. The authors wish to thank Mrs. E.M. Rodríguez de Calderón for her valuable help
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  • 79
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    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 287-290 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Intralobular nerves ; Rat ; Cobalt and Procion Yellow staining
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    Notes: Summary In a recent study (Skaaring and Bierring, 1976) we found cholinesterase positive nerve-like structures in the lobules of rat liver, and scanning electron microscopy revealed cords having a distribution pattern similar to that of the cholinesterase-positive structures. To obtain further evidence for an intralobular nerve supply the methods of cobalt and Procion Yellow nerve staining (Stretton and Kravitz, 1968; Iles and Mulloney, 1971; Pitman, Tweedle and Cohen, 1972) were adapted, iontophoretic introduction of the dyes being attempted through cut axonal ends in the surface of small excised blocks of rat liver.
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  • 80
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    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 159-180 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle transplantation ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
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    Notes: Summary Rat soleus muscles were autografted from right to left legs, and regeneration following necrosis of all original myofibres was studied after 7 to 250 days. The best regenerates were from grafts replacing all calf muscles and sutured to the tendon stumps. After 30 days the size of such regenerates was equal to those from minced gastrocnemius muscles: the cross sectional area of muscle tissue was 30% (1.7 mm2) and the number of fibres was 180% (4500) of normal soleus muscles; the fibre diameters were 10 to 40 μm. To increase the number of myoblasts before grafting some muscles were injured by Ringer solution of 70° C and transplanted after 2 days. Nevertheless, this did not influence regeneration. After 7 days clusters of myotubes occurred in the periphery of the muscle. These myotubes originated from myoblasts growing like endothelial cells on the inner face of the persisting basal lamina tubes of necrotic fibres. After 30 days the muscles were vascularized. Fibres formed in a common basal lamina detached and so looked “split”. Satellite cells of new fibres came from undifferentiated cells associated with myotubes, i.e. from myoblasts. After 30 days and more regenerates contained three sorts of fibres. 1. Thin (5 to 20 μm) fibres resembling fetal muscle fibres. They were most prominent after 30 days, and probably not yet innervated. 2. Thin (10 μm) degenerating fibres as in long-time denervated muscles. 3. Thick (more than 30 μm) mature looking fibres which were innervated and revealed end-plates. Half of the grafts studied after 30 and 60 days contained unmyelinated and myelinated axons which had grown along strands of surviving Schwann cells. After 250 days, only two muscles were studied which both lacked innervation. Almost all regenerates contained muscle spindles, which, however, were not innervated. Within the persisting spindle capsules new muscle fibres had been formed from satellite cells of the former intrafusal fibres.
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  • 81
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    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 73-82 
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    Keywords: Atrioventricular node ; Rat ; Innervation ; Ultrastructure
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    Notes: Summary The problem of development of the innervation of the rat atrioventricular node has been investigated by electron microscopy. Nerve bundles appear in relation to the node as early as the second postnatal day and vesiculated axons are seen throughout the entire node by the fourth day. Intimate contacts between nodal cells, axons and terminal varicosities are frequently observed. Use of the 5-hydroxydopamine tracer technique has enabled the identification of both cholinergic and adrenergic axons. It is concluded that the node has a dual innervation although cholinergic endings far outnumber those classified as adrenergic on the sixth postnatal day. These results are quite different to earlier findings made at the light microscope level and the discrepancies are discussed with respect to the histochemical techniques used. The suggestion that nodal differentiation is induced by nerves is considered in relation to the differences in cholinesterase activity exhibited by nodal cells during normal development and following neonatal sympathectomy.
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  • 82
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    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 143-153 
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    Keywords: Median eminence ; Tanycytes ; Gonadal function ; Rat ; Japanese quail
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    Notes: Summary The ependymal linings of the median eminence were destroyed by electric cautery or intraventricular injection of picric acid in the rat and Japanese quail. In these animals the ventricular lumen near the median eminence disappeared due to adhesion of lesioned walls on both sides of the third ventricle. Electric lesions of the ependymal layer containing tanycytes did not induce appreciable disturbance in the estrous cycles. Rats in which tanycytes were lesioned by picric acid displayed 4-day estrous cycles after prolonged diestrus (10–22 days). After destruction of tanycytes in the quail, a photostimulated gonadal growth was observed. It is concluded that the tanycyte transport of the ventricular fluid to capillaries of the portal vessels appears unnecessary for maintenance of adenohypophysial gonadotrophic activities.
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  • 83
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    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 61-72 
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    Keywords: Organ of Bellonci ; Sensory organ ; Synapses ; Ultrastructure ; Crustacea
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le pédoncule qui rattache l'organe de Bellonci des Isopodes au cerveau des Crustacés, a été étudié chez Sphaeroma serratum et Anilocra frontalis. Ce pédoncule se transforme progressivement, vers le cerveau, en un tractus ayant l'aspect d'un nerf. Il est alors formé par les pédicules issus du corps des cellules sensorielles de l'organe de Bellonci. Il se termine, au niveau de la medulla interne, par une zone d'aspect alvéolaire formée par les terminaisons dilatées des pédicules sensoriels. The authors are greatly indebted to Prof. J.J. Legrand, Director of the E.R.A. 230, Poitiers, France, for his support and critical reading of the manuscript We also thank Mrs C. Besse for her technical assistance, Mr. T. Bauvais and A. Martin, for photographic help, and Miss D. Decourt for typing the manuscript A ce niveau, trois types de connections ont pu être observés. Un premier est charactérisé par des synapses afférentes au cerveau avec, dans les terminaisons des pédicules sensoriels, des structures comparables aux rubans présynaptiques décrits par certains auteurs dans des photorécepteurs d'Arthropodes. Deux autres types comportent des fibres issues du cerveau, les unes avec de petites vésicules à contenu clair, les autres avec des vésicules plus grandes et à contenu moyennement dense aux électrons, fibres donnant des synapses efférentes aux cerveau avec l'organe de Bellonci. La fonction sensorielle de l'organe de Bellonci est confirmée sans que le rôle de l'organe puisse être précisé.
    Notes: Summary The peduncle linking the organ of Bellonci with the brain was examined in Sphaeroma serratum and Anilocra frontalis. This peduncle, in its extension to the brain, becomes a nerve-like tract with bundles of pedicles originating from the sensory cell bodies located in the organ of Bellonci. It ends at the level of the medulla interna in an alveolar region resulting from the swelling of the sensory pedicle terminations. At this level three types of connections have been observed. The first is characterized by afferent synapses to the brain with, in the sensory pedicle endings, structures similar to the presynaptic ribbons noted by some authors in photoreceptors of arthropods. The two other types include nerve fibres originating from the brain, one with small electron lucent vesicles, a second displaying larger vesicles with a core of medium density. These fibres form efferent synapses to the organ of Bellonci. The sensory differentiation of the organ of Bellonci in Isopoda is confirmed but its true role is not specified.
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    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 193-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glucagon ; Exocrine pancreas ; Secretory process ; Rat
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    Notes: Summary Glucagon was infused into conscious rats in doses of 10 to 80 μg/h for periods up to 24 h. The effect on the secretory process of the exocrine pancreas was studied in vitro using isolated pancreatic lobules. A pronounced inhibition of the rate of protein synthesis and discharge of stored and newly synthesized proteins combined with increased enzyme content in the pancreas were observed after 30 min infusion. This effect was absent after longer infusion periods of up to six hours. After 12 to 24 h infusions a marked degranulation and decrease in enzyme content was observed. While the rate of protein synthesis was not significantly enhanced, both the basal and stimulated discharge of enzymes from the pancreas were increased. The results suggest a biphasic response of the pancreas to prolonged glucagon infusion.
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  • 85
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    Keywords: Paraventricular nucleus ; Rat ; Types of neurons ; Secretory cycle ; Herring body
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    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the normal male rat was studied by electron microscopy during various functional states. Four morphologically distinct types of neurosecretory cells were observed. It appears that they do not represent different classes of cells but different phases of secretory activity of a single cell type. The perikarya of the neurosecretory cells show a definite cycle of formation and transportation of secretory granules. We have designated the phases of this cycle as: (1) phase of synthesis, (2) phase of granule production, (3) phase of granule storage and (4) phase of granule transport. The neurosecretory granules appear to be moved in bulk into the axons, forming a large axonal swelling filled with granules as a result of one cycle in the neurosecretory process. Thus it may be postulated that a secretory cycle in the perikaryon of the neurosecretory cell seems to result in the formation of a Herring body in its axon, and that its content is then conveyed to the posterior pituitary.
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    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 463-475 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus (Rat) ; Visual pathways ; Synapses ; Electron microscopy ; Circadian rhythms
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    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopy of newborn, four day, one, two, three and five week old rats revealed principally a progressive increase in the diversity and number of synaptic contacts in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The major increase in synaptic diversity occurred between four days and one week of age. Correlation between this finding and the adult synaptic morphology of SCN (Güldner, 1976) on the one hand, and the ontogeny of circadian rhythms on the other were made. This suggested that the retinal afferents arriving on day four form asymmetrical contacts with dendrites. While increase in synaptic number was progressive, it was most marked between three and five weeks of age. By five weeks, most features of the adult SCN were present. No significant morphological effects were evident as a result of neonatal retinal lesions.
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    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 177-196 
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    Keywords: Lateral hypothalamic area ; Synaptic organization ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
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    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural analysis of the rat lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) was undertaken in order to provide an initial step in the characterization of this complex area which appears to participate in a number of important neural functions. The organization of the normal tuberal LHA was compared to the area following acute and chronic denervating lesions. In the normal animal, the principal features of the LHA are the presence of lateral hypothalamic neurons, a major sagittal pathway (the medial forebrain bundle, MFB) and the interposed neuropil richly populated by a variety of synaptic terminal types. Alterations in the synaptic organization of the LHA following rostral and caudal MFB lesions were most pronounced in animals with acute and chronic caudal lesions. A 10% reduction of synaptic terminals containing 800–1000 Å diameter dense core vesicles and a 10% increase in terminals containing lucent core vesicles was observed in animals with caudal lesions while no significant redistribution of synaptic terminal types occurred with rostral lesions. The preliminary degeneration experiments indicate that identification of the numerous and diverse afferents to the LHA neuropil may be aided by this method but that a detailed and systematic ultrastructural analysis will be required to identify sources of input with certainty.
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  • 88
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    Keywords: Neurosecretory fibers ; Cerebral (Suprapharyngeal) ganglion ; Earthworm ; Synapses ; Muscle
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    Notes: Summary In the cerebral (= supraesophageal, suprapharyngeal) ganglion of the earthworm, a number of neurosecretory Gomori-positive perikarya are bipolar; others are unipolar, or multipolar. Some of the neurosecretory cell processes project centrally into a fibrous zone; peripheral processes enter small nerves which leave the dorsocaudal aspect of the ganglion. In the central fibrous zone, the neurosecretory fibers form varicose Gomoripositive terminals. Here, also zinc-iodine-osmium (ZIO)-positive fibers and monoamine fluorescent fibers are found. With the electron microscope, nerve terminals containing synaptic vesicles and either large neurosecretory “peptidergic” granular vesicles (diameter more than 1500 Å), or smaller granular vesicles (diameter about 1300 Å, or 900 Å) are observed. These axon endings mainly form axo-dendritic synapses. “Peptidergic” profiles are both pre- and postsynaptic. Some of the extraganglionic “peptidergic” fibers appear to terminate around vessels, but most of them form terminals on the visceral muscle cells which surround the ganglion. We think that the central neurosecretory processes communicate with the fibers of the synaptic zone of the ganglion. The peripheral neurosecretory “peptidergic” fibers are supposed to form a primitive neurohemal area and/or to function as vasomotor nerves. The fibers innervating the visceral muscle cells may represent vegetative nerves.
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    Cell & tissue research 181 (1977), S. 205-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rodent kidney ; Vascular bundles ; Countercurrent barrier system ; Urea concentration ; Light microscopy
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological effects caused by two different diets (low protein — high water intake, and high protein — restricted water) on the vascular bundles in the outer medullary zone of the kidney were studied in the laboratory white mouse and in the golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus, Muridae). In both rodents, when on a low protein — high water intake diet, considerable interstitial substance was found between the vasa recta of the bundles. No interstitial substance was found in animals on high protein — low water intake diet; as a result the vasa recta of the vascular bundle adhered closely. The low protein — high water intake diet caused a marked diuresis, low urine osmolality and low urinary urea concentration. It is assumed that the increase in interstitial substance between the vasa recta of the vascular bundle lowers the efficiency of the counter current barrier system for urea in the kidney and, as a consequence, the medullary urea gradient and urine concentrating capacity decreases. In animals on a high protein diet, the closely juxtaposed vasa recta assure an efficient countercurrent exchange, leading to accumulation and maintenance of a large urea gradient in the medulla and maximal urine concentration. It is suggested that the amount of interstitial material between the vasa recta of the vascular bundle might serve as a modulating factor for the urea concentration in the kidney.
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    Cell & tissue research 181 (1977), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Melatonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pineal gland ; Rat
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study an attempt was made to demonstrate melatonin in the rat pineal gland by means of immunohistochemistry. The anti-body used was raised against 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptophan which is chemically similar to melatonin. Specific fluorescence was demonstrable only in pineals from rats killed during the night, when melatonin formation is high. It was restricted to parenchymal cells lying in a marginal zone of the organ. These results are discussed in relation to a subdivision of the pineal parenchyma into cortical and medullary areas.
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  • 91
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    Cell & tissue research 181 (1977), S. 395-402 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adhesive pads ; Glandulomuscular cells ; Collar ; Axons ; Synapses
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adhesive pads of Gonionemus vertens, located near the distal end of each tentacle, consist of a layer of columnar glandulomuscular cells surrounded by a collar of microfilament containing epithelial cells. The glandulomuscular cells contain dense secretory rods, microtubules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi elements and myonemes. Axons located between the basal portions of the glandulomuscular cells form synapses with the glandulomuscular cells. The roles of these various cell organelles in adhesion and detachment process are discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 303-306 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells ; Rat ; Ontogeny
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    Notes: Summary Cells storing pancreatic polypeptide (PP) appear in rat pancreas at the time of parturition, much later than insulin and glucagon cells. At this stage, the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells occur scattered in the exocrine parenchyma and in the islets. Subsequently, 5–7 days postnatally, an abrupt increase in the number of PP cells occurs. At this stage, they are fairly numerous in the islets and comparatively rare in the exocrine parenchyma. Not until 8–10 days after birth is the number of PP cells similar to that in the adult pancreas. A few PP cells were seen in the antral mucosa during the first 10 days after birth. They were not seen elsewhere in the gut.
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    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 307-312 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells ; Rat ; Effect of alloxan ; Experimental diabetes
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    Notes: Summary Injection of alloxan caused an almost total disappearance of insulin cells in the rat pancreas. Planimetric analysis revealed a 50 per cent reduction of the mean islet volume. The number of immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells per sectioned islet was significantly increased, and the PP cell volume per islet doubled. Assuming an unchanged number of islets, the results indicate an increase in total PP cell mass following alloxan administration.
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    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 133-137 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal ; Rat ; Unusual organelle ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic survey of pinealocytes from normal rats revealed a highly organized arrangement of cytoplasmic tubules. Such tubules had been previously observed in normal rats (Lin, 1967) and in rats after melatonin administration or two weeks exposure to darkness (Freire and Cardinali, 1975). In a later publication the presence of the tubules was attributed to experimental manipulation resulting in infertility (Gusek, 1976). The present study resolves the discrepancy in the literature by establishing that the tubular organelle does indeed occur in untreated male rats, but rather rarely.
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    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 303-315 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intermediate filaments ; Heart muscle cells ; Anabolic steroid hormone ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Long-term treatment of female rats with the anabolic steroid hormone Methandrostenolone results in a conspicuous increase of intermediate sized, nonmyofibrillar filaments in muscle cells of the left cardiac ventricle, as revealed by electron microscopy. These filaments, measuring 70–110 Å in diameter, form a characteristic network at the Z-level of the sarcomere, either encircling or penetrating the Z-bands, and appear to insert into the nuclear membrane. The T-system is accompanied by the filaments adjacent to the site of the couplings. Here they are attached to subsarcolemmal electron-dense patches, which may be Z-line precursor material. The filaments may function as a cytoskeleton, to provide passive support in the mechanism of contraction and to mediate nucleo-sarcolemmal and nucleomyofibrillar exchange.
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    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ; Rat ; Diethylstilboestrol ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular and subcellular localization of radioactivity in the brain of immature female rats was determined by dry-mount autoradiography 2 h after iv injection of 1.0 μg of (monethyl-3H) diethylstilboestrol per 100 g body weight. A specific topographic pattern of nuclear concentration of the synthetic oestrogen was obtained similar to that for 3H-oestradiol-17β in specific neurons of the basal hypothalamus, preoptic region and amygdala. In competition experiments, the nuclear concentration of radioactivity in all areas studied was inhibited by unlabeled oestradiol, while unlabeled testosterone had no effect. These data suggest that although oestradiol can bind to androgen receptors, the oestrogen receptor itself can account for the localization seen after the injection of 3H-oestradiol.
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    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 355-373 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Synaptic vesicles ; Coated vesicles ; Cisternae ; Cerebral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced directly into the cerebral cortex of adult rats, which were allowed to survive for 60 min before perfusion fixation. After the tissue had been incubated to demonstrate HRP at the LM and EM levels, blocks of cortical tissue were taken at varying distances from the injection site. These eight blocks of tissue constituted a time sequence for HRP diffusion. Qualitative examination of the presynaptic terminals showed that the most commonly encountered profiles are the plain synaptic vesicles, many of which accumulate tracer. In some terminals labelled vesicles are “lined-up” in tubular fashion. Other profiles commonly labelled are coated vesicles, tubular and vacuolar cisternae, and plain and coated pinocytotic vesicles. Quantitative analyses based on the number of terminals containing labelled profiles demonstrate an early rise in the rate of labelling of both plain synaptic vesicles and coated vesicles, after which synaptic vesicle labelling rises slowly towards a plateau. By contrast, there is a late parallel increase in the rate of labelling of coated vesicles and cisternae. A more detailed analysis, based on the actual numbers of labelled and total profiles within each presynaptic terminal, highlight early and late periods of rapid labelling for plain synaptic vesicles, coated vesicles and cisternae. A further aspect of HRP incorporation studied, concerns its uptake into four delineated regions of the presynaptic terminal. Our data indicate that membrane uptake into the presynaptic terminal is accomplished mainly via coated vesicles, although plain synaptic vesicles may also be involved. Coated vesicles, in turn, appear to give rise directly to plain synaptic vesicles, with some coalescing to produce vacuolar cisternae. The latter are involved in a two-way interchange of membrane with tubular cisternae, plain synaptic vesicles and coated vesicles. An additional source of plain synaptic vesicles are the tubular cisternae. Exocytosis of plain synaptic vesicles constitutes the mechanism by which transmitter is released from the presynaptic terminal.
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    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Marginal ruffles ; Fibroblast-like cells ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary LW13K2 cells, a clone of a spontaneously in vitro transformed derivative of embryonic Lewis rat fibroblastic cells, were studied by phase contrast cine-light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ruffles found at the advancing edge of cells grown on glass substrates in vitro form and recede in a period of less than one min if they do not make an attachment of the substrate. If they fail to make an attachment they may form pinocytotic channels near the leading edge as described by Price (1972) and/or collapse, generally backwards, towards the cell body. The ‘spines’ which appear to reinforce the membranous ruffles are the last structures to disappear, and accumulate in an irregular array behind the ruffling edge; this area is behind that in which pinocytosis occurs. In comparison with the sparse numbers of ribosomes found in the trailing edge, they are present in notable concentrations near the leading, ruffling edge of the cell. No membrane vesicles have been found in or near the ruffling edges at the ruffle-spine concentration zone.
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    Cell & tissue research 181 (1977), S. 423-426 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart muscle cells ; Rat ; Anabolic steroid hormone ; Lesion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early changes in the composition of heart muscle cells of the rat caused by an anabolic hormone were investigated by electron microscopy. Mitochondria and myofibrils showed changes similar to those observed in early heart failure: The mitochondria were swollen and elongated. Their matrix was sparse and the cristae were few in number. The myofibrils showed either disintegration and widened and twisted Z-bands or a complete dissolution of the sarcomeric units.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 129-141 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Choroid plexus ; Vasopressin ; Neurosecretion ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic examination of choroid plexuses from lateral ventricles of water-deprived and subcutaneously or intravenously vasopressin administered rats reveal morphologic changes typical for vasopressin responsive fluid transporting epithelia during hormonal stimulation. Ultrastructural changes noted in both dehydrated and vasopressin treated animals included: the frequent occurrence of choroidal “dark” cells, dilatation of the lateral and basal intercellular spaces, increased vacuolization of the apical cytoplasm, and a change in microvillar conformation from the normal clavate type to those with a filiform shape. On the basis of the ultrastructural changes observed it is proposed that the choroid plexus be regarded as a target tissue for vasopressin. These findings indicated that a vasopressinmediated transchoroidal cerebrospinal fluid absorption capability exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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