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  • Artificial intelligence
  • 2015-2019  (13)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (26)
  • 1
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    Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures : 21st International Conference, FOSSACS 2018, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece, April 14–20, 2018. Proceedings (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer system failures ; Software engineering ; Computer logic ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Logics and Meanings of Programs ; Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; System Performance and Evaluation ; The Computing Profession ; Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Semantics --- Non-angelic Concurrent Game Semantics --- A Trace Semantics for System F Parametric Polymorphism --- Categorical Combinatorics for Non Deterministic Strategies on Simple Games --- A Syntactic View of Computational Adequacy --- Linearity --- A New Linear Logic for Deadlock-Free Session-Typed Processes --- A Double Category Theoretic Analysis of Graded Linear Exponential Comonads --- Depending on Session-Typed Processes --- FabULous Interoperability for ML and a Linear Language --- Concurrency --- Automata for True Concurrency Properties --- A Theory of Encodings and Expressiveness --- A Framework for Parameterized Monitorability --- Logics for Bisimulation and Divergence --- Lambda-Calculi and Types --- Call-by-need, Neededness and All That --- Fitch-Style Modal Lambda Calculi --- Realizability Interpretation and Normalization of Typed Call-by-Need --- Quotient Inductive-Inductive Types --- Category Theory and Quantum Control --- Guarded Traced Categories --- Proper Semirings and Proper Convex Functors --- From Symmetric Pattern-Matching to Quantum Control --- Quantitative Models --- The Complexity of Graph-Based Reductions for Reachability in Markov Decision Processes --- A Hierarchy of Scheduler Classes for Stochastic Automata --- Symbolically Quantifying Response Time in Stochastic Models using Moments and Semirings --- Comparator Automata in Quantitative Verification --- Logics and Equational Theories --- Modular Tableaux Calculi for Separation Theories --- Differential Calculus with Imprecise Input and its Logical Framework --- The Effects of Adding Reachability Predicates in Propositional Separation Logic --- The Equational Theory of the Natural Join and of Inner Union is Decidable --- Graphs and Automata --- Minimization of Graph Weighted Models over Circular Strings --- Games on Graphs with a Public Signal Monitoring --- WQO Dichotomy for 3-Graphs --- Verifying Higher-Order Functions with Tree Automata
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 583 pages) , 75 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319893662
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-89366-2
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures : 21st International Conference, FOSSACS 2018, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece, April 14–20, 2018. Proceedings (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer system failures ; Software engineering ; Computer logic ; Computer science ; Mathematics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Logics and Meanings of Programs ; Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; System Performance and Evaluation ; The Computing Profession ; Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Semantics --- Non-angelic Concurrent Game Semantics --- A Trace Semantics for System F Parametric Polymorphism --- Categorical Combinatorics for Non Deterministic Strategies on Simple Games --- A Syntactic View of Computational Adequacy --- Linearity --- A New Linear Logic for Deadlock-Free Session-Typed Processes --- A Double Category Theoretic Analysis of Graded Linear Exponential Comonads --- Depending on Session-Typed Processes --- FabULous Interoperability for ML and a Linear Language --- Concurrency --- Automata for True Concurrency Properties --- A Theory of Encodings and Expressiveness --- A Framework for Parameterized Monitorability --- Logics for Bisimulation and Divergence --- Lambda-Calculi and Types --- Call-by-need, Neededness and All That --- Fitch-Style Modal Lambda Calculi --- Realizability Interpretation and Normalization of Typed Call-by-Need --- Quotient Inductive-Inductive Types --- Category Theory and Quantum Control --- Guarded Traced Categories --- Proper Semirings and Proper Convex Functors --- From Symmetric Pattern-Matching to Quantum Control --- Quantitative Models --- The Complexity of Graph-Based Reductions for Reachability in Markov Decision Processes --- A Hierarchy of Scheduler Classes for Stochastic Automata --- Symbolically Quantifying Response Time in Stochastic Models using Moments and Semirings --- Comparator Automata in Quantitative Verification --- Logics and Equational Theories --- Modular Tableaux Calculi for Separation Theories --- Differential Calculus with Imprecise Input and its Logical Framework --- The Effects of Adding Reachability Predicates in Propositional Separation Logic --- The Equational Theory of the Natural Join and of Inner Union is Decidable --- Graphs and Automata --- Minimization of Graph Weighted Models over Circular Strings --- Games on Graphs with a Public Signal Monitoring --- WQO Dichotomy for 3-Graphs --- Verifying Higher-Order Functions with Tree Automata
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 583 pages) , 75 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319893662
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-89366-2
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Unknown
    Anti-fragile ICT Systems (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer organization ; Computers ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer simulation ; Computer Science ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; Simulation and Modeling
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Part I: The Concept of Anti-Fragility: 1 Introduction --- 2 Achieving Anti-Fragility --- 3 The Need to Build Trust --- 4 Principles Ensuring Anti-Fragility --- Part II: Anti-Fragility to Downtime: 5 Anti-Fragile Cloud Solutions --- 6 An Anti-Fragile e-Government System --- 7 Anti-Fragile Cloud-Based Telecom Systems --- Part III: Anti-Fragility to Malware: 8 Robustness to Malware Spreading --- 9 Robustness to Malware Reinfections --- 10 Anti-Fragility to Malware Spreading --- Part IV: Anomaly Detection: 11 The Cortical Learning Algorithm --- 12 Detecting Anomalies with the CLA --- Part V: Future Anti-Fragile Systems: 13 Summary and Future Work --- About the Author --- References --- Index
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 151 pages) , 44 illustrations, 22 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319300702
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-30070-2
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Computer and Information Sciences : 31st International Symposium, ISCIS 2016, Kraków, Poland, October 27–28, 2016, Proceedings (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer communication systems ; Software engineering ; Mathematical statistics ; Computers ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer graphics ; Computer Science ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; Computer Communication Networks ; Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Probability and Statistics in Computer Science ; Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics
    Description / Table of Contents: Smart algorithms --- Data classification and processing --- Stochastic modelling --- Performance evaluation --- Queuing systems --- Wireless networks and security --- Image processing and computer vision
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 278 pages) , 75 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319472171
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-47217-1
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Elements of Robotics (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Algorithms ; Robotics ; Automation ; Computer Science ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; Algorithms ; Robotics and Automation
    Description / Table of Contents: Robots and their Applications --- Sensors --- Reactive Behavior --- Finite State Machines --- Robotic Motion and Odometry --- Control --- Local Navigation: Obstacle Avoidance --- Localization --- Mapping --- Mapping-based Navigation --- Fuzzy Logic Control --- Image Processing --- Neural Networks --- Machine Learning --- Swarm Robotics --- Kinematics of a Robotic Manipulator --- Appenix A:Units of Measurement --- Appendix B:Mathematical Derivations and Tutorials --- Index
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 308 pages) , 198 illustrations, 76 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319625331
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-62533-1
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Intelligent Human Computer Interaction : 9th International Conference, IHCI 2017, Evry, France, December 11-13, 2017, Proceedings (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Special purpose computers ; Database management ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer Science ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Database Management ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems
    Description / Table of Contents: Can Machines Design? Optimizing User Interfaces for Human Performance --- Geometrical Shapes Rendering on a Dot-Matrix Display --- Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition for Mobile Systems Using Deep LSTM --- Adjustable Autonomy for UAV Supervision Applications Through Mental Workload Assessment Techniques --- Classification of Motor Imagery Based EEG Signals Using Sparsity Approach --- Mental Workload Assessment for UAV Traffic Control Using Consumer-Grade BCI Equipment --- Improving Classification Performance by Combining Feature Vectors with A Boosting Approach for Brain Computer Interface (BCI) --- List Navigation Using Edge Menu --- Simplexity and Vicariance. On Human Cognition Principles for Man-Machine Interaction --- Design Considerations for Self-paced Interactive Notes on Video Lectures - A Learner's Perspective and Enhancements of Learning Outcome --- Using Psycholinguistic Features for the Classification of Comprehenders from Summary Speech Transcripts --- Lector: Towards Reengaging Students in the Educational Process Inside Smart Classrooms --- Predicting Driver's Work Performance in Driving Simulator Based on Physiological Indices --- Interpersonal Human-Human and Human-Robot Interactions --- Exploring the Dynamics of Relationships Between Expressed and Experienced Emotions --- Standard Co-training in Multiword Expression Detection --- Comparative Study on Normalization in Emotion Recognition from Speech --- Detecting Vigilance in People Performing Continual Monitoring Task
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 216 pages) , 78 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319720388
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-72038-8
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Language Technologies for the Challenges of the Digital Age : 27th International Conference, GSCL 2017, Berlin, Germany, September 13-14, 2017, Proceedings (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Data mining ; Artificial intelligence ; Text processing (Computer science) ; Computational linguistics ; Computer Science ; Document Preparation and Text Processing ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; Language Translation and Linguistics ; Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet)
    Description / Table of Contents: Reconstruction of Separable Particle Verbs in a Corpus of Spoken German --- Detecting Vocal Irony --- The Devil is in the Details: Parsing Unknown German Words --- Exploring Ensemble Dependency Parsing to Reduce Manual Annotation Workload --- Different German and English Co-reference Resolution Models for Multi-Domain Content Curation Scenarios --- Word and Sentence Segmentation in German: Overcoming Idiosyncrasies in the Use of Punctuation in Private Communication --- Fine-Grained POS Tagging of German Social Media and Web Texts --- Developing a Stemmer for German Based on a Comparative Analysis of Publicly Available Stemmers --- Negation Modeling for German Polarity Classification --- NECKAr: A Named Entity Classifier for Wikidata --- Investigating the Morphological Complexity of German Named Entities: The Case of the GermEval NER Challenge --- Detecting Named Entities and Relations in German Clinical Reports --- In-Memory Distributed Training of Linear-Chain Conditional Random Fields with an Application to Fine-Grained Named Entity Recognition --- What does this imply? Examining the Impact of Implicitness on the Perception of Hate Speech --- Automatic Classification of Abusive Language and Personal Attacks in Various Forms of Online Communication --- Token Level Code-Switching Detection Using Wikipedia as a Lexical Resource --- How Social Media Text Analysis Can Inform Disaster Management --- A Comparative Study of Uncertainty Based Active Learning Strategies for General Purpose Twitter Sentiment Analysis with Deep Neural Networks --- An Infrastructure for Empowering Internet Users to Handle Fake News and Other Online Media Phenomena --- Different Types of Automated and Semi-automated Semantic Storytelling: Curation Technologies for Different Sectors --- Twitter Geolocation Prediction Using Neural Networks --- Diachronic Variation of Temporal Expressions in Scientific Writing Through the Lens of Relative Entropy --- A Case Study on the Relevance of the Competence Assumption for Implicature Calculation in Dialogue Systems --- Supporting Sustainable Process Documentation --- Optimizing Visual Representations in Semantic Multi-Modal Models with Dimensionality Reduction, De-noising and Contextual Information --- Using Argumentative Structure to Grade Persuasive Essays
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 310 pages) , 54 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319737065
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-73706-5
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Computer Aided Verification : 30th International Conference, CAV 2018, Held as Part of the Federated Logic Conference, FloC 2018, Oxford, UK, July 14-17, 2018, Proceedings, Part II (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Algorithms ; Computer logic ; Mathematical logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer simulation ; Computer Science ; Logics and Meanings of Programs ; Software Engineering ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ; Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity ; Simulation and Modeling
    Description / Table of Contents: This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verication to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 545 pages) , 106 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319961422
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-96142-2
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Computer Aided Verification : 30th International Conference, CAV 2018, Held as Part of the Federated Logic Conference, FloC 2018, Oxford, UK, July 14-17, 2018, Proceedings, Part I (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Algorithms ; Computer logic ; Mathematical logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer simulation ; Computer Science ; Logics and Meanings of Programs ; Software Engineering ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ; Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity ; Simulation and Modeling
    Description / Table of Contents: This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verication to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 703 pages) , 146 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319961453
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-96145-3
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Symbiotic Interaction : 5th International Workshop, Symbiotic 2016, Padua, Italy, September 29–30, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Special purpose computers ; Computer security ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Artificial intelligence ; Image processing ; Computer Science ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) ; Systems and Data Security ; Image Processing and Computer Vision ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is published open access under a CC BY license. This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Symbiotic Interaction, Symbiotic 2016, held in Padua, Italy, in October 2016. The 12 full papers and 3 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The idea of symbiotic systems put forward in this workshop capitalizes on the computers’ ability to implicitly detect the users goals, preferences or/and psycho-physiological states and thereby enhancing human-computer interaction (HCI). The papers present an overview of the symbiotic relationships between humans and computers with emphasis on user-driven research on symbiotic systems, adaptive systems, implicit input data, physiological computing and BCI, but also on understanding the nature of the interdependence and agency between computers and humans more broadly
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 182 pages) , 51 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319577531
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-57753-1
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Efficient Learning Machines : Theories, Concepts, and Applications for Engineers and System Designers (2015)
    Berkeley, CA : Apress
    Details
    Keywords: Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer Science ; Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine learning techniques provide cost-effective alternatives to traditional methods for extracting underlying relationships between information and data and for predicting future events by processing existing information to train models. Efficient Learning Machines explores the major topics of machine learning, including knowledge discovery, classifications, genetic algorithms, neural networking, kernel methods, and biologically-inspired techniques. Mariette Awad and Rahul Khanna’s synthetic approach weaves together the theoretical exposition, design principles, and practical applications of efficient machine learning. Their experiential emphasis, expressed in their close analysis of sample algorithms throughout the book, aims to equip engineers, students of engineering, and system designers to design and create new and more efficient machine learning systems. Readers of Efficient Learning Machines will learn how to recognize and analyze the problems that machine learning technology can solve for them, how to implement and deploy standard solutions to sample problems, and how to design new systems and solutions. Advances in computing performance, storage, memory, unstructured information retrieval, and cloud computing have coevolved with a new generation of machine learning paradigms and big data analytics, which the authors present in the conceptual context of their traditional precursors. Awad and Khanna explore current developments in the deep learning techniques of deep neural networks, hierarchical temporal memory, and cortical algorithms. Nature suggests sophisticated learning techniques that deploy simple rules to generate highly intelligent and organized behaviors with adaptive, evolutionary, and distributed properties. The authors examine the most popular biologically-inspired algorithms, together with a sample application to distributed datacenter management. They also discuss machine learning techniques for addressing problems of multi-objective optimization in which solutions in real-world systems are constrained and evaluated based on how well they perform with respect to multiple objectives in aggregate. Two chapters on support vector machines and their extensions focus on recent improvements to the classification and regression techniques at the core of machine learning
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 268 pages) , 88 illustrations
    ISBN: 9781430259909
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-1-4302-5990-9
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    On the Amount of Semantic Information Conveyed by Gestures (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-11
    Description: This paper aims at investigating on whether and how semantic information conveyed by gestures supports communication effectiveness. The research hypothesis was operationalized as a word retrieval task. To this aim, 140 subjects (73 males, 67 females) aged between 18 and 35 years were recruited at the University of Salerno (Italy). They underwent a memory task after being requested to watch video-clips explicating 15 every-day words through 4 different presentation modes: a) only audio, b) only gestures, c) audio and articulatory (complex auditory) information, and d) audio, gestures, and articulatory (multimodal) information. It was found that semantic information is most effectively retained when conveyed through the multimodal mode, and that the only gestures outperforms the only audio and complex auditory mode. It was also found that females have higher significant recall ability than males, no matter the experimental condition.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy
    Description: 5TM. Informazione ed editoria
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Communicative effectiveness
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 13
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    Effects of Emotional Visual Scenes on the Ability to Decode Emotional Melodies (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-12
    Description: An effective change in Human Computer Interaction requires to account of how communication practices are transformed in different contexts, how users sense the interaction with a machine, and an efficient machine sensitivity in interpreting users' communicative signals, and activities. To this aims, the present paper investigates on whether and how positive and negative visual scenes may alter listeners' ability to decode emotional melodies. Emotional tunes were played alone and with, either positive, or negative, or neutral emotional scenes. Afterword, subjects (8 groups, each of 38 subjects, equally balanced by gender) were asked to decode the emotional feeling aroused by melodies ascribing them either emotional valences (positive, negative, I don't know) or emotional labels (happy, sad, fear, anger, another emotion, I don't know). It was found that dimensional emotional features rather than emotional labels strongly affect cognitive judgements of emotional melodies. Musical emotional information is most effectively retained when the task is to assign labels rather than valence values to melodies. In addition, significant misperception effects are observed when happy or positively judged melodies are concurrently played with negative scenes.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Jose; United States
    Description: 5TM. Informazione ed editoria
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Decoding
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The technological change of reality: Opportunities and dangers (1989)
    Springer
    AI & society 3 (1989), S. 117-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Technological change of reality ; Intellectics ; Artificial intelligence ; Executive systems ; Legislative systems ; Executive sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This essay discusses the trade-off between the opportunities and the dangers involved in technological change. It is argued that Artificial Intelligence technology, if properly used, could contribute substantially to coping with some of the major problems the world faces because of the highly complex interconnectivity of modern human society. In order to lay the foundation for the discussion, the symptoms of general unease which are associated with current technological progress, the concept of reality, and the field of Artificial Intelligence are very briefly discussed. In the main body of the essay, the dangers are contrasted with the potential benefits of such high technology. Besides discussing more well-known negative and positive aspects we elaborate on the disadvantages of executive systems and the advantages of legislative systems. It is argued that only the latter might enable the re-establishment of the feedback-mechanism which proved so successful in earlier phases of evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01891322
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ASKBUDJr: A precursor of an expert system for the evaluation of fire hazard (1987)
    Springer
    Fire technology 23 (1987), S. 5-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; computer programs ; expert systems ; firesafety ; fire hazards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The Center for Fire Research (CFR) has a long-term project to develop expert systems as a technology transfer mechanism. The goal of this project is to develop a computer program which will make an expert estimate of the firesafety of a building based on CFR's deterministic physical models, technical data, and the expert judgment of its staff. The first significant computer program to be developed by this project will be based on the expertise of Harold E. (Bud) Nelson. Thus, it will be called ASKBUD. In this article, the first exploratory steps taken to develop this program are described. Also, the progress made to date, as well as some of the major problems that must be solved, will be discussed. Since the system described in this article is in its infancy, we call it ASKBUDJr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038362
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A perspective on artificial intelligence: Learning to learn (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 16 (1988), S. 33-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; collective learning systems theory ; machine learning ; massively parallel architectures ; parallel distributed processing ; data flow architectures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The classical approach to the acquisition of knowledge in artificial intelligence has been to program the intelligence into the machine in the form of specific rules for the application of the knowledge: expert systems. Unfortunately, the amount of time and resources required to program an expert system with sufficient knowledge for non-trivial problem-solving is prohibitively large. An alternative approach is to allow the machine tolearn the rules based upon trial-and-error interaction with the environment, much as humans do. This will require endowing the machine with a sophisticated set of sensors for the perception of the external world, the ability to generate trial actions based upon this perceived information, and a dynamic evaluation policy to allow it to measure the effectiveness of its trial actions and modify its repertoire accordingly. The principles underlying this paradigm, known ascollective learning systems theory, have already been applied to sophisticated gaming problems, demonstrating robust learning and dynamic adaptivity. The fundamental building block of a collective learning system is thelearning cell, which may be embedded in a massively parallel, hierarchical data communications network. Such a network comprising 100 million learning cells will approach the intelligence capacity of the human cortex. In the not-too-distant future, it may be possible to build a race of robotic slaves to perform a wide variety of tasks in our culture. This goal, while irresistibly attractive, is most certainly fraught with severe social, political, moral, and economic difficulties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283734
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viewing scheduling as an opportunistic problem-solving process (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 85-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; knowledge-based systems ; opportunistic search ; scheduling ; planning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In a search for more efficient yet effective ways of solving combinatorially complex problems such as jobshop scheduling, we move towards opportunistic approaches that attempt to exploit the structure of a given problem. Rather than adhere to a single problem-solving plan, such approaches are characterized by almost continual surveillance of the current problem-solving state to possibly modify plans so that activity is consistently directed toward those actions that currently seem most promising. Opportunistic behavior may occur in problem decomposition down to selective application of scheduling heuristics. We developed and performed limited testing of a scheduling system, called OPIS 0, that exhibits such behavior to some extent. The results are encouraging when compared to ISIS and a dispatching system. It is believed that such opportunistic views of scheduling would lead to systems that allow more flexibility in terms of designing scheduling procedures and supporting the scheduling function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186362
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pattern-directed approach to FMS scheduling (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 15 (1988), S. 353-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; FMS scheduling ; heuristic search ; pattern-directed inference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Scheduling in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) must take into account the shorter lead time, the multiprocessing environment, and the dynamically changing states. In this paper, a pattern-directed approach is presented which incorporates a nonlinear planning method developed in the artificial intelligence field. The scheduling system described here is knowledge-based and utilizes both forward-and backward-chaining for generating schedules (treated as state-space plans). The pattern-directed approach is dynamically adjustable and thus can handle scheduling requirements unique to the FMS environment, such as dynamic scheduling, failure-recovery scheduling, or prioritized scheduling for meeting deadlines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186803
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein export in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: Indications of a difference in the mechanism of exportation (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 24 (1986), S. 130-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Pattern recognition ; Signal sequence ; Protein secretion ; Eukaryote-prokaryote discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Investigation of possible variations between prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal sequences of exported proteins has revealed unexpected differences. Apart from the known similarities (presence of a core hydrophobic sequence preceded by a positively charged amino terminus and followed by a flexible structure), we have found that the core is much more rigid in eukaryotic signals than in their prokaryotic counterparts, and that at both ends the constraints are much more stringent in bacteria than in human cells. The differences have been summarized as a set of 17 criteria describing noteworthy features discriminating between the two classes of signal peptides. The program we used permitted each class of sequences to be learned;Escherichia coli sequences were well learned (i.e., they could be recognized by the programs as having common features), whereas human sequences were found to exhibit a much wider variation. Thus it was possible to propose a consensus in the case of the bacterial peptides, but none (or a much looser one) in the case of the human sequences. Two sequences were exceptional among theE. coli signal peptides, those of lipoprotein and plasmid-borne beta-lactamase, suggesting that they have special origins or destinations. Finally, the differences found strongly suggest that the mode of secretion is rather different in the two types of organisms, in spite of the common features of the signal sequences.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099961
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    Sensor data fusion (1988)
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    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 1 (1988), S. 103-116 
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    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; sensor fusion ; vision ; knowledge representation ; registration ; sensors ; signal processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews some knowledge representation approaches devoted to the sensor fusion problem, as encountered whenever images, signals, text must be combined to provide the input to a controller or to an inference procedure. The basic steps involved in the derivation of the knowledge representation scheme, are: (A) locate a representation, based on exogeneous context information (B) compare two representations to find out if they refer to the same object/entity (C) merge sensor-based features from the various representations of the same object into a new set of features or attributes, (D) aggregate the representations into a joint fused representation, usually more abstract than each of the sensor-related representations. The importance of sensor fusion stems first from the fact that it is generally correct to assume that improvements in control law simplicity and robustness, as well as better classification results, can be achieved by combining diverse information sources. The second element, is that, e.g., spatially distributed sensing, or otherwise diverse sensing, does indeed require fusion as well.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348718
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    A framework for knowledge-based control (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 1 (1989), S. 407-425 
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    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; automatic control ; control support systems ; expert control ; expert systems ; knowledge-based control ; knowledge engineering ; inference rules ; reasoning/inference control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A framework for knowledge-based control is proposed. The approach presented is suitable for control systems and control support of systems which have no adequate mathematical models. Thus, the control is performed by using knowledge engineering methods rather than pure mathematical control methods. The domain expert's knowledge is assumed to be encoded in the form of simple statements (facts) and special reasoning rules, which form the core of the Knowledge-Based Control System (KBCS). The control system reads the input information, and on the basis of the current state of its knowledge base, together with the application of supplied inference rules updates the knowledge base and performs the required control actions. Moreover, some inference control knowledge, reflecting the expert's way of reasoning, is to be incorporated in the KBCS. The main idea of the system consists of selecting an appropriate set of actions to be executed, with regard to the current state specification and the control goal given. An abstract mathematical model of the control process is formulated and a suitable language for knowledge representation is proposed. The reasoning scheme is discussed and the structure of the control system is outlined. A representative application example is provided.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126469
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    Design of a real-time knowledge-based controller with applications in hydraulic turbine generator systems (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 2 (1989), S. 229-244 
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    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; expert systems ; digital control systems ; failure detection adaptive filtering ; Kalman filters ; parameter estimations ; power systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Issues in the design and implementation of a real-time Knowledge-Based Controller (KBC) have been investigated. The design objective of such a controller is to maintain overall system stability and performance not only during normal, but also contingency, conditions. A general structure for such controllers is proposed. It consists of four major components: a knowledge base, a real-time inference engine, information processing algorithms, and a distributed controller. The functions of each individual component, as well as the relationship among them, are considered. The proposed design methodology is applied to synthesize a real-time knowledge-based controller for a hydraulic turbine governor.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238690
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    Organizing knowledge for tutoring fire loss prevention (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental management 13 (1989), S. 573-582 
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    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Expert system ; Knowledge base ; Tutorial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The San Bernardino National Forest in southern California has recently developed a systematic approach to wildfire prevention planning. However, a comprehensive document or other mechanism for teaching this process to other prevention personnel does not exist. Anintelligent tutorial expert system is being constructed to provide a means for learning the process and to assist in the creation of specific prevention plans. An intelligent tutoring system (ITS) contains two types of knowledge—domain and tutoring. The domain knowledge for wildfire prevention is structured around several foci: (1) individual concepts used in prevention planning; (2) explicitly specified interrelationships between concepts; (3) deductive methods that contain subjective judgment normally unavailable to less-experienced users; (4) analytical models of fire behavior used for identification of hazard areas; (5) how-to guidance needed for performance of planning tasks; and (6) expository information that provides a rationale for planning steps and ideas. Combining analytical, procedure, inferential, conceptual, and expositional knowledge into a tutoring environment provides the student and/or user with a multiple perspective of the subject matter. Aconcept network provides a unifying framework for structuring and utilizing these diverse forms of prevention planning knowledge. This network structure borrows from and combines semantic networks and frame-based knowledge representations. The flexibility of this organization facilitates an effective synthesis and organization of multiple knowledge forms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874963
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    An investigation into the construction of molecular models by the template joining method (1988)
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    Journal of computer aided molecular design 2 (1988), S. 107-123 
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    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Template joining method ; Molecular modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The results of a wide-ranging investigation into some of the different methods available for performing the ‘joining’ of templates to build molecular models show that the choice of algorithm can significantly affect the quality of the results obtained, and different algorithms are most suited to particular categories of join.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01532086
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    WIZARD: AI in conformational analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of computer aided molecular design 1 (1987), S. 73-85 
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    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Conformational analysis ; PROLOG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A program which utilizes the techniques of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems to solve problems in the area of Conformational Analysis is described. The program searches conformational space in a systematic fashion, based on the technique known as heuristic state-space search. The program proceeds by recognizingconformational units, assigning one or moreconformational templates to each unit, andjoining them to form conformational suggestions. These suggestions arecriticized to discover logical inconsistencies, and any resulting stresses areresolved. The resulting conformational suggestions are sometimes accurate enough for immediate use, or may be further refined by a numerical program. The latter combination is shown to be quite efficient compared to purely numerical conformational search techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01680558
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    Molecular modeling of protein structure and function: A bioinformatic approach (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of computer aided molecular design 1 (1988), S. 323-341 
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    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: Information theory ; Artificial intelligence ; Serine proteases ; Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy ; Macromolecular modeling ; Structure-function analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper reports on the data/information structure of macromolecules as it extends beyond the three-dimensional conformation to include functional descriptors of biochemical (in vitro) and biological (in vivo) characteristics and as it contrasts with the limitations imposed by the data reduction and data classification techniques of traditional molecular modeling. Methodologies for structure-function representation are presented which are being incorporated within a knowledge-acquisition expert system. Examples of the bioinformatic approach are presented concerning macromolecular recognition by serine proteases and the use of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for structural assignment and analysis by a novel structure-perturbation approach.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677280
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    Knowledge representation and processing in economics and management (1989)
    Springer
    Computational economics 2 (1989), S. 37-48 
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    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; class prefabrication ; environments ; knowledge management ; objectoriented framework ; software integration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Various techniques for computer-based knowledge representation and processing are widely used in management and economics. Other techniques such as rules and demons have arisen in the artificial intelligence field. These too can be useful in managerial and economics settings. A major issue is how to effectively employ multiple traditional and artificial intelligence techniques when working on a problem. In this paper, we examine the various knowledge management techniques with respect to their applicability to handling distinct types of knowledge. An object-oriented framework is presented as a basis for the unified and coordinated treatment of multiple knowledge management techniques in a single environment. Using this framework, two approaches are identified for delivering these techniques to a knowledge worker: skeletal environments and furnished environments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454703
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    Experiments on alternatives to minimax (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 15 (1986), S. 163-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; decision analysis ; games trees ; minimax, search
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In the field of Artificial Intelligence, traditional approaches to choosing moves in games involve the use of the minimax algorithm. However, recent research results indicate that minimaxing may not always be the best approach. In this paper we report some measurements on several model games with several different evaluation functions. These measurements show that there are some new algorithms that can makes significantly better use of evaluation function values than the minimax algorithm does.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414444
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    Prototype ventilator and alarm algorithm for the NASA space station (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 5 (1989), S. 90-99 
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    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Monitoring: ventilation ; Equipment: alarms ; Artificial intelligence ; Ventilation: mechanical
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An alarm algorithm was developed to monitor the ventilator on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration space station. The algorithm automatically identifies and interprets critical events so that an untrained user can manage the mechanical ventilation of a critically injured crew member. The algorithm was tested in two healthy volunteers by simulating 260 critical events in each volunteer while the volunteer breathed via the ventilator. Thirteen critical events were induced eight times in random order, for the five different modes of ventilation. These events included various ventilator tubing disconnects, leaks, and occlusions, as well as power and gas supply failures. The algorithm identified the critical events and generated alarms in response to 99.2% (516 of 520, total) of the events. The alarm textual messages were correct 98% (505 of 516 messages) of the time. The alarm algorithm is an improvement over current alarms found on most ventilators because its alarm messages specifically identify failures in the patient breathing circuit or ventilator. The system may improve patient care by helping critical care personnel respond more rapidly and correctly to critical events.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617881
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    Artificial intelligence research in anesthesia and intensive care (1988)
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    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 4 (1988), S. 274-289 
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    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Anesthesia ; Intensive care ; Computers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This article describes several research directions exploring the application of artificial intelligence techniques in anesthesia and intensive care. Artificial intelligence can be loosely defined as the discipline of designing computer systems that exhibit “intelligent” behavior. This article first introduces artificial intelligence and computer science research and discusses why medicine has proved to be a challenging domain for applying artificial intelligence techniques. A discussion of the central research themes that arise in medical artificial intelligence, many of which are common to different projects and to different medical settings, is followed by a description of specific research projects that apply artificial intelligence techniques in anesthesiology, ventilatory management, and cardiovascular management. Finally, further comments are made on the current state of the field.
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    Artificial intelligence and symbols (1989)
    Springer
    AI & society 3 (1989), S. 345-356 
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    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Symbolic systems ; Neural networks ; Expert systems ; Logic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The introduction of massive parallelism and the renewed interest in neural networks gives a new need to evaluate the relationship of symbolic processing and artificial intelligence. The physical symbol hypothesis has encountered many difficulties coping with human concepts and common sense. Expert systems are showing more promise for the early stages of learning than for real expertise. There is a need to evaluate more fully the inherent limitations of symbol systems and the potential for programming compared with training. This can give more realistic goals for symbolic systems, particularly those based on logical foundations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01908625
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    Pragmatism and purism in artificial intelligence and legal reasoning (1989)
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    AI & society 3 (1989), S. 28-38 
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    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Expert systems ; Legal reasoning ; Expert systems in law ; Artificial intelligence and law ; Computers and law ; Law on latent damage ; Legal theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The paper identifies and assesses the implications of two approaches to the field of artificial intelligence and legal reasoning. The first — pragmatism — concentrates on the development of working systems to the exclusion of theoretical problems. The second — purism — focuses on the nature of the law and of intelligence with no regard for the delivery of commercially viable systems. Past work in AI and law is classified in terms of this division. By reference to The Latent Damage System, an operational system, the paper articulates and responds to conceivable purist (jurisprudential and AI) objections to such a program. The methods of the pragmatist are also called into question and refined. The author concludes that pragmatism within a purist framework is the only sound approach to developing reliable AI systems in law.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01892673
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    AI & Society and society (1989)
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    AI & society 3 (1989), S. 247-255 
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    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Social attitudes ; Concepts of “mind” ; Computer modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This article looks at the broadest implications of public acceptance of AI. A distinction is drawn between “conscious” belief in a technology, and “organic” belief where the technology is incorporated into an unconscious world model. The extent to which we feel threatened by AI's apparent denial of “spirit” is considered, along with a discussion of how people react to this threat. It is proposed that organic acceptance of AI models would lead to a rebirth of popular spiritual concepts as paradoxical as the “New Age” ideas that have their roots in the theories of physics. Finally the relevance of this speculation is discussed in terms of how it could impinge upon public acceptability of AI technology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01891435
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    Reflections on participatory design (1989)
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    AI & society 3 (1989), S. 297-314 
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    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge transfer ; Dialogue ; Mediation ; Knowledge acquisition ; Human-centredness ; Participatory design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The human-centred debate in Britain focuses on the idea of human-machine symbiosis, and the “Dialogue” debate in Scandinavia focuses on the deep understanding of human communication, through a process of inner reflection. Both of these debates provide a framework for the participatory design of AI systems. The emergence of “social Europe” creates the desirability for a sharing of social and cultural knowledge and resources among the citizens of Europe. This raises the possibility of exploiting the potential of new technology for the distribution and transfer of knowledge and skill among the citizens of Europe whilst retaining the diversity of their cultures and languages. These issues of transfer have been the focus of many AI researchers who have been concerned with the design of AI systems for the education, training and welfare of disadvantaged citizens. It is suggested that central to such a transfer is the design of participatory learning systems which focus on the mediation and distribution of knowledge in diverse socio-cultural contexts. In this paper, the SEAKE Centre's projects, especially “Brighton Parosi”, and “Adult Literacy” are discussed to provide an insight into the concepts and practice of designing such participatory systems. The philosophy of these projects was rooted in the sharing of social and cultural experiences, through participatory learning. The development of the projects involved a process of exchange of language and culture in both formal and informal learning environments. For the Parosi Project social interaction was the central core for the exchange of cultural experiences and the language acquisition process. The Adult Literacy project built on the exchange process, and used the idea of the mediation of knowledge for the design of a knowledge based system. The design process developed by the above two projects could be described as a participatory design approach which builds upon and extends the human-machine symbiosis and dialogue approaches.
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    Interactive fiction: Artificial intelligence as a mode of sign production (1989)
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    AI & society 4 (1989), S. 291-313 
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    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Interactive fiction ; Semiotics ; Narrativity ; Interactive media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Interactive media need their own idioms that exploit the characteristics of the computer based sign. The fact that the reader can physically influence the course of events in the system changes the author's role, since he no longer creates a linear text but anarrative space that the reader can use to generate stories. Although stories are not simulations of the real world, they must still contain recognizable parts where everyday constraints of time and space hold. AI-techniques can be used to implement these constraints. In fact, we suggest that AI is probably best seen as an aesthetic phenomenon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01894033
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    Artificial intelligence: New jobs from old (1989)
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    AI & society 3 (1989), S. 61-70 
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    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Expert systems ; Job employment ; Implementation ; Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The age of artificial intelligence (AI) is upon us, and its effect upon society in the coming years will be noteworthy. Artificial intelligence is a field that encompasses such applications as robotics, expert systems, natural language understanding, speech recognition, and computer vision. The effect of these AI systems upon existing and future job occupations will be important. This paper takes a look at artificial intelligence in terms of the creation of new job categories. Also, the introduction of AI into the organization to better familiarize the employees about AI will be discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01892679
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    Human-centred knowledge based systems design (1989)
    Springer
    AI & society 3 (1989), S. 80-87 
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    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Human-centred system ; Human-machine interface ; Rule-based systems ; Skill
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract It is held that the quality of the working environment afforded to an individual critically affects the health and well-being of that individual. This has consequences for both the quality of work which that individual can actually perform, and for the quality of the society in which that individual has a place. Conceptions of a fit working environment have led to the idea of a human-centred system, and this idea is applicable to the area of knowledge-based systems (KBS). A system structure is discussed, which permits a human-centred approach to be adopted towards KBS design. It is held that the performance of such a system will generally exceed that of unaided KBS operation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01891319
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    Insulin dosage adjustment using manual methods and computer algorithms: A comparative study (1986)
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    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 577-584 
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    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Automated therapy ; Diabetes ; Glucose homeostasis ; Medical computers ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents a three-way comparative study of the responses of computer-simulated diabetic patients to intervention for insulin dosage adjustment either by a diabetologist according to conventional methods or by the patient himself according to either recommended manual methods or a newly developed computerimplementable algorithm. In all cases, insulin dosage adjustment improved glycaemic control. However, the new computer algorithm described in this report was superior both in respect to the speed of improving diabetes control and the avoidance of undesirable hypoglycaemia. We conclude, on the basis of our simulations, that a computer may advantageously be used to accept daily blood glucose estimates and recommend changes in insulin therapy, that these dosage changes should improve glycaemic control (as assessed by reductions in both the mean premeal glycaemia and its variability), and finally that the development of a portable insulin dosage microcomputer device can provide both the patient having diabetes mellitus and his physician with a new and unique method for significantly improving conventional insulin therapy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02446259
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    Structure Elucidation and Artificial IntelligenceDedicated to Professor Helmut Dörfel on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 27 (1988), S. 247-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Computer chemistry ; Spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The difference between the older and the more recent computer systems amounts, in the final analysis, to the difference between an insect and a human being. The insect comes “fully programmed” into the world-programmed by instincts which it follows without using any thought processes. On the other hand, the human being must first learn the correct behavior-however, such learning can develop an impetus all its own: becoming, indeed, proceeding from his own decision and his awareness, the human being can change his former action programs. The creation of a computer system of the X-th generation will actually far more resemble educating a child than the traditional programming of a computer.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198802471
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