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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy  (14)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology  (13)
  • Elsevier  (23)
  • Micro Press  (3)
  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 2010-2014  (24)
  • 1930-1934
Collection
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  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 2010-2014  (24)
  • 1930-1934
  • 2005-2009  (26)
Year
  • 1
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    First documented deep submarine explosive eruptions at the Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): A case of historical volcanism in the Mediterranean Sea (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-14
    Description: The Marsili Seamount (MS) is an about 3200 m high volcanic complex measuring 70 × 30 km with the top at ~500 m b.s.l. MS is interpreted as the ridge of the 2 Ma old Marsili back-arc basin belonging to the Calabrian Arc–Ionian Sea subduction system(Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Previous studies indicate that theMS activity developed between 1 and 0.1 Ma through effusions of lava flows. Here, new stratigraphic, textural, geochemical, and 14C geochronological data from a 95 cm long gravity core (COR02) recovered at 839 m bsl in theMS central sector are presented. COR02 contains mud and two tephras consisting of 98 to 100 area% of volcanic ash. The thickness of the upper tephra (TEPH01) is 15 cm, and that of the lower tephra (TEPH02) is 60 cm. The tephras have poor to moderate sorting, loose to partly welded levels, and erosive contacts, which imply a short distance source of the pyroclastics. 14C dating on fossils above and below TEPH01 gives an age of 3 ka BP. Calculations of the sedimentation rates from the mud sediments above and between the tephras suggest that a formation of TEPH02 at 5 ka BP MS ashes has a high-K calcalkaline affinity with 53 wt.% b SiO2 b 68 wt.%, and their composition overlaps that of the MS lava flows. The trace element pattern is consistent with fractional crystallization from a common, OIB-like basalt. The source area of ashes is the central sector of MS and not a subaerial volcano of the Campanian and/or Aeolian Quaternary volcanic districts. Submarine, explosive eruptions occurred atMS in historical times: this is the first evidence of explosive volcanic activity at a significant (500–800 m bsl) water depth in the Mediterranean Sea.MS is still active, the monitoring and an evaluation of the different types of hazards are highly recommended.
    Description: Published
    Description: 764-774
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Submarine active volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Optimizing pre-eruptive temperature estimates in thermally and chemically zoned magma chambers (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a method to minimize the error of temperature estimate when multiple discrete populations of glass and clinopyroxene occur in a single heterogeneous eruptive unit. As test data we have used ~1100 clinopyroxene–melt pairs from isothermal and thermal gradient experiments. These latter are characterized by the crystallization of multiple modes of clinopyroxene as frequently documented for chemically and thermally zoned magma chambers. Equilibrium clinopyroxene–melt pairs are identified through the difference between predicted and measured components in clinopyroxene. The use of these equilibrium compositions as input data for one of the most recent clinopyroxene-based thermometers demonstrates that the error of temperature estimate is minimized and approaches to the calibration error of the thermometric model. To emphasize the paramount importance of this method for predicting the crystallization temperature of heterogeneousmagmas, we have tested for equilibrium~480 and ~150 clinopyroxene–melt pairs fromthe explosive eruptions of the Sabatini Volcanic District (Latium Region, Central Italy) and the Campi Flegrei Volcanic Field (Campanian Region, Southern Italy), respectively. These eruptions were fed by zoned magma chambers, as indicated by the occurrence ofmultiple modes of clinopyroxene in the eruptive units. Results fromcalculations demonstrate that clinopyroxene–melt pairs in equilibrium at the time of eruption are effectively captured by our method and, consequently, the error of temperature estimate is significantly reduced.
    Description: Published
    Description: 97-103
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Equilibrium model ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    A major change in the sedimentation regime in the Crotone Basin (Southern Italy) around 3.7-3.6 Ma (2014)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: The Lower Pliocene succession of the Crotone Basin (Calabrian Arc, Southern Italy) is mainly comprised of blue-grey marly clay with good magnetic properties. Here the bio-magnetostratigraphic data indicate a mean sedimentation rate of about 12–15 cm/kyr. Around 3.7–3.6 Ma a major change in the sedimentation regime occurred: the blue-grey hemipelagic marls grade rapidly into silty marls with a significant increase in the terrigenous fraction and with abundant siliceous remains throughout the whole interval. Magnetic properties of these sediments are very poor, but an integrated calcareous plankton biostratigraphy (foraminifera and nannofossils) infers a high average sedimentation rate (about 50–60 cm/kyr). The abrupt onset of this sedimentation regime in the Crotone Basin is contemporaneous with a major unconformity already recognized in the northern sector of the basin, part of amajor reorganization phase in the whole Apenninic–Maghrebid Chain known as “Globorotalia puncticulata event”. Reports of coeval siliceous sediments in other marginal basins of the Apennines (Southern Calabria, Southern and Northern Apennines) suggest that this “siliceous event” might have been regionally extensive, having important palaeoceanographical implications.We infer that the “siliceous event” is characterized by a combined tectonic- and climate-induced change in palaeoceanographic conditions. The tectonic triggering factors may have been linked to two synchronous events in the Tyrrhenian–Apennine system: 1) the shortening event also known as “G. puncticulata event”, and 2) the coeval opening of the Vavilov Basin in the Tyrrhenian Sea which yielded profound influences in terms of physiography and characteristics of the Crotone Basin. The consequent uplift of the Southern Apennines would have increased sediment supply and availability of silica, resulting in eutrophication and enhanced silica preservation. Strong winter mixing and possibly upwelling conditions could have increased primary productivity during heavy isotope stages Gi4, Gi2 and MG8, at the onset of the “siliceous event”. This important event, lasting from ca. 3.6 Ma to ca. 3.2 Ma, would have recorded a peculiar transitional period before further climatic deterioration and more drastic palaeoceanographic changes occurred around 3.1 Ma, leading to cyclic sapropel deposition in the whole of the Mediterranean sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 398-410
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Biostratigraphy ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Pliocene ; Calabrian Arc ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Calcareous plankton events at the Early/Middle Miocene transition of DSDP Hole 608: comparison with Mediterranean successions for definition of the Langhian GSSP (2012)
    Micro Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We propose a revision of the calcareous plankton biostratigraphy of the upper Burdigalian/early Langhian interval (Early/MiddleMiocene) of theDSDPHole 608 succession (northeastern Atlantic Ocean), one of themost complete open-ocean Miocene sequence. We detected a set of calcareous plankton events through a 26m thick succession (320-346 mbsf), spanning the interval from 14.969 to 17.268 Ma, chronologically constrained through paleomagnetic and astrochronological data. “Standard” bioevents were tested and in some cases they resulted poorly applicable to the investigated succession. Conversely, the quantitative biostratigraphic analysis highlighted additional biohorizons (Helicosphaera ampliaperta Last CommonOccurrence, Sphenolithus heteromorphus Paracme Interval, Paragloborotalia siakensisAcme “a”) considered till now restricted to theMediterranean region. This results in a better applicability of Mediterranean zonal schemes, providing a higher biostratigraphic resolution. Our results point out strict affinity between Atlantic and Mediterranean successions in Early/MiddleMiocene. Thus, in the perspective of establishing the Langhian GSSP, that according to the historical criterion must be located in the Mediterranean region, our results provide significant correlation tools between Mediterranean and open-ocean successions.
    Description: Published
    Description: xxx-xxx
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: North Atlantic ; Early-Middle Miocene ; calcareous nannofossil ; planktonic foraminifers ; biostratigraphy and biochronology ; Langhian GSSP ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Integrated stratigraphy of the La Vedova section (Conero Riviera, Italy) and implications for the Burdigalian/Langhian boundary (2012)
    Micro Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a high resolution integrated stratigraphy (calcareous plankton biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy) of the upper Burdigalian to lower Langhian interval in the La Vedova section (Conero Riviera, Italy). The succession of planktonic foraminifer and calcareous nannofossil events and their relative position in the La Vedova section are comparable with those recorded in other Mediterranean sections suggesting a continuous deposition across the Burdigalian/Langhian boundary interval. The high resolution magnetostratigraphic record, integrated with calcareous plankton events, has been correlated to the ATNTS2004 and ranges from sub-chrons C5Cn.1n to C5Bn.2n. In addition, the integrated magnetobiostratigraphic record of the La Vedova section provides a new magnetostratigraphic calibration of calcareous plankton events, thereby improving the existing Mediterranean biochronology for the upper Burdigalian to lower Langhian. On the basis of our magnetobiostratigraphic results, the deep marine La Vedova section could be considered a suitable succession for defining the Langhian GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point). The recommended guiding criteria to identify the base of the Langhian stage (the Praeorbulina datum and the magnetic reversal C5Cn/C5Br) are recorded in the section. In this work the Praeorbulina datum is represented by the first occurrence of P. glomerosa curva following Blow (1956; 1969). In the La Vedova section, this bioevent postdates the Acmea End of the planktonic foraminifer Paragloborotalia siakensis and the Paracme End of the calcareous nannofossil Sphenolithus heteromorphus, approximates the C5Br/C5Bn.2n reversal boundary and is dated at 15.23 Ma. The top of Chron C5Cn, dated at 15.974 Ma, is better approximated by the Last Common Occurrences of the calcareous nannofossil Helicosphaera ampliaperta and the planktonic foraminifer Paragloborotalia bella. At La Vedova the first occurrence of P. glomerosa curva is about 740 kyrs younger than C5Cn /C5Br reversal boundary, which represents the provisional guiding criterion to define the base of the Langhian (Lourens et al. 2004). The age difference between the Praeorbulina datum and the top of C5Cn implies that the Langhian GSSP cannot be located in a position close to both Chron C5Cn and the Praeorbulina datum (Lourens et al. 2004) and that the selection of either of these guiding criteria to identify the base of the Langhian will strongly affect its duration.
    Description: Published
    Description: xxx-xxx
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: integrated stratigraphy ; calcareous plankton biostratigraphy ; magnetostratigraphy ; Mediterranean ; Langhian GSSP ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 6
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    High-resolution integrated stratigraphy of the upper Burdigalian-lower Langhian in the Mediterranean: the Langhian historical stratotype and new candidate sections for defining its GSSP (2012)
    Micro Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-08
    Description: Results of high-resolution integrated stratigraphic studies (calcareous plankton and magnetostratigraphy) of three Mediterranean sections (La Vedova in Central Italy, Contrada Pesciarello in Sicily and St. Peter’s Pool in Malta) and one deep-sea core from the mid-latitude North Atlantic (DSDP Hole 608) are here synthesized. They are compared with those of previously studied deep marine sections in the Mediterranean including the historical stratotype, with the aim to select the most suitable section and criterion to define the Langhian GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point). This study significantly improves the existing magnetobiostratigraphic framework for the upper Burdigalian-lower Langhian and opens new perspectives for defining the Langhian GSSP. An extensive review of the first stages of the Globigerinoides-Praeorbulina evolutionary lineage pointed out that the Praeorbulina datum, historically used (and/or suggested) to approximate the base of the Langhian, coincides with the First Occurrence (FO) of P. glomerosa curva instead of P. sicana which is here included in the genus Globigerinoides. The FO of P. glomerosa curva occurs close to the C5Br/C5Bn.2n reversal boundary. As a consequence, the two recommended guiding criteria to recognize the base of the Langhian, i.e. the Praeorbulina datum and the top of Chron C5Cn.1n, can not be applied together, as these two events differ in age by ~740 kyr. The selection of either of these two criteria will imply a different duration for the Langhian: relatively short, in case the FO of P. glomerosa curva is selected, or longer and probably more acceptable, in case the top of Chron C5Cn.1n is selected. The primary calcareous plankton biohorizons which, according to our data, appoximate the top of Chron C5Cn.1n, are the Last Common Occurrence (LCO) of the calcareous nannofossil Helicosphaera ampliaperta and the LCO of the planktonic foraminifer Paragloborotalia bella. Other calcareous plankton events have been recorded close to the same magnetic reversal, such as a short influx of H. ampliaperta (Ia1) and the Paragloborotalia siakensis Acme0. The P. siakensis Acmea End (AaE) and the Sphenolithus heteromorphus Paracme End (PE) represent the primary plankton biohorizons associated with the P. glomerosa curva FO. Two of the three studied Mediterranean sections (La Vedova and St. Peter’s Pool), each from different point of view, are potentially suitable to be proposed as candidates for the definition of the Langhian GSSP. Yet, further studies on stable isotope stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy, including astronomical tuning are necessary before the most suitable section and guiding criterion can be selected.
    Description: Published
    Description: xxx-xxx
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: calcareus plankton stratigraphy ; magnetostratigraphy ; Langhian GSSP ; Mediterranean ; mid-latitude North Atlantic Ocean ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Stratigraphy and significance of Brown Tuffs on the Aeolian Islands (southern Italy) (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-06
    Description: Brown Tuffs (BT) are volcaniclastic ash deposits prominently represented in the stratigraphic profiles of all the Aeolian Islands (and Capo Milazzo on the northern coast of Sicily). Detailed stratigraphy and tephrochronology together with available radiometric ages suggest that they were emplaced over a long time interval spanning from the end of the last interglacial period (ca. 80 ka BP) up to 4–5 ka BP (age of the overlying Punte Nere pyroclastic products on Vulcano). The most complete BT succession is documented on Lipari where 14 distinct and successive units are subdivided by the interbedding of widespread tephra layers, local volcanic products, paleosols and epiclastic deposits and the occurrence of local erosive surfaces. Inter-island occurrence of Ischia-Tephra (a widely known tephra layer in the Aeolian archipelago dated at 56 ka BP) and Monte Guardia pyroclastics from Lipari (dated at 22–20 ka BP) subdivides the BT succession in Upper (UBT), Intermediate (IBT) and Lower BT units (LBT), which can be correlated at regional level: the LBT was emplaced between 80 and 56 ka BP, the IBT between 56 and 22 ka BP and the UBT between 20 and 4–5 ka BP. On the basis of stratigraphy, similarity in lithology and textural features, morphology of glass fragments, composition and consistency of thickness and grain-size variations, UBT units correlate with Piano Grotte dei Rossi tuffs on Vulcano island. They were generated by pulsating hydromagmatic explosive activity giving rise to pyroclastic density currents spreading laterally from a source located inside the La Fossa caldera on Vulcano island. Composition is in agreement with this hypothesis since UBT compositional features match those of Vulcano magmas erupted in that period. The effect of co-ignimbrite ash clouds (or associated fallout processes from sustained eruptive columns) is seen to explain the presence of UBT in areas further away from the suggested source (e.g. Salina and Lipari islands and Capo Milazzo). The origin of UBT exposed on Panarea island is still a matter of debate, due to contrasting compositional data. Due to large uniformity of lithological, textural and componentry characters with respect to the UBT, the lower portions of the BT succession (LBT-IBT) are considered to be the result of recurrent, large scale hydromagmatic eruptions of similar type. Moreover, for the IBT units, the correlation with Monte Molineddo 3 pyroclastics of Vulcano island (on the basis of lithological, compositional and stratigraphic matching) again suggests source(s) related to the Vulcano plumbing system and located within the La Fossa Caldera.
    Description: Published
    Description: 49-70
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: stratigraphy ; tephrocronology ; Brown Tuffs ; hydromagmatic eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Dynamic plumbing system beneath volcanoes revealed by kinetic modeling, and the connection to monitoring data: An example from Mt. Etna (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: Our ability to monitor volcanoes (using seismic signals, ground deformation, gas fluxes, or other ground and satellite based observations) as well as our understanding of melt reservoirs that feed eruptions have evolved tremendously in recent years. The complex plumbing systems that are thought to feed eruptions are, however, difficult to relate to the monitoring signals. Here we show that the record preserved in compositional zoning of erupted minerals may be used to reconstruct sections of the plumbing system. Kinetic modeling of such zoning can yield information on the residence time of magma in different segments of the plumbing systems. This allows a more nuanced evaluation of the link between observed monitoring signals or eruption styles and the magmatic processes and movement of batches of melts at depth. The approach is illustrated through a study of the compositional zoning recorded in olivine crystals from the 1991–1993 SE-flank eruption products of Mt. Etna (Sicily). The zoning patterns in crystals reveal that the plumbing system of the volcano consisted of at least three different magmatic environments between which magma was transported and mixed in the year or two preceding the start of eruption. Quantification of this history indicates that two main pathways of melt migration and three timescales dominated the dynamics of the system. Combination of this information with the timing of observation of various monitoring signals allows a reconstruction of the dynamic evolution of this section of the plumbing system during the early stages of the 1991–1993 eruption. It is seen, for example, how the migration of melt through the same sections of the plumbing system can cause pre-eruptive triggering, enhance Strombolian activity, and through the ensuing eruption cleanse and flush the plumbing system. Different kinds of mixing occur simultaneously at different sections of the plumbing system on different timescales (a few days up to two years).
    Description: Published
    Description: 11-22
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna ; plumbing system ; olivine ; zoning ; timescales ; monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Experimental solidification of an andesitic melt by cooling (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Solidification experiments at (a) five different cooling rates (25, 12.5, 3, 0.5 and 0.125 °C/min) between 1300 and 800 °C, and (b) variable quenching temperatures (1100, 1000, 900 and 800 °C) at a fixed cooling rate of 0.5 °C/min were performed on an andesitic melt (SiO2=58.52 wt.% and Na2O+K2O=4.43 wt.%) at air conditions from high superheating temperature. The results show that simultaneous and duplicated experiments with Pt-wire or Pt-capsule produce identical run-products. Preferential nucleation on Ptcontainers or bubbles is lacking. Plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxide crystals nucleate firstly from the melt. Clinopyroxene crystals form only at lower cooling rates (0.5 and 0.125 °C/min) and quenching temperatures (900 and 800 °C). At higher cooling rates (25, 12.5 and 3 °C/min) and quenching temperature (1100 °C), plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxide crystals are embedded in a glassy matrix; by contrast, at lower cooling rates (0.5 and 0.125 °C/min) and below 1100 °C they form an intergrowth texture. The crystallization of plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxide starts homogeneously and then proceeds by heterogeneous nucleation. The crystal size distribution (CSD) analysis of plagioclase shows that crystal coarsening increases with decreasing cooling rate and quenching temperature. At the same time, the average growth rate of plagioclases decreases from 2.1×10−6 cm/s (25 °C/min) to 5.7×10−8 cm/s (0.125 °C/min) and crystals tend to be more equant in habit. Plagioclases and Fe–Ti oxides depart from their equilibrium compositions with increasing cooling rate; plagioclases shift from labradorite–andesine to anorthite–bytownite. Therefore, kinetic effects due to cooling significantly change the plagioclase composition with remarkable petrological implications for the solidification of andesitic lavas and dikes. The glass-forming ability (GFA) of the andesitic melt has been also quantified in a critical cooling rate (Rc) of ~37 °C/min. This value is higher than those measured for latitic (Rc ~1 °C/min) and trachytic (Rcb0.125 °C/min) liquids demonstrating that little changes of melt composition are able to significantly shift the initial nucleation behavior of magmas and the following solidification paths.
    Description: Published
    Description: 261–273
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Andesitic melt ; Experimental solidification ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
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  • 10
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    Petrology of the most recent ultrapotassic magmas from the Roman Province (Central Italy) (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on the newly discovered lava flow that erupted in the Colli Albani Volcanic District, which is the most recent and, geochemically the most peculiar effusive event recognised in the entire ultrapotassic Roman Province (Central Italy). This lava flow is associated with the Monte Due Torri scoria cone, located approximately 5 km south of the Albano hydromagmatic centre (69–36 ka). TheMonte Due Torri scoria cone displays well-preserved morphological characteristics and the 40±7 ka age determined for the associated lava flow indicates that its activity was nearly contemporaneous to the most recent, explosive activity that occurred at the Albano centre from 41 to 36 ka. By comparing chemical and petrological features of the Monte Due Torri lava flow, Albano products, and older products (N69 ka), we show that the youngest Colli Albani eruptions were fed by two new batches of parental magmas that originated in a phlogopite-bearing metasomatised mantle, each one feeding one of the two youngest eruptive cycles (at 69 ka and 41–36 ka). The trace element signature, e.g., very low Pb content, of primitive (MgON3 wt.%) magmas feeding the initiation of the hydromagmatic activity at Albano (69 ka) and the subsequent effusive activity at Monte Due Torri (40 ka) indicates that a magma chamber located in the deep anhydrite-bearing dolomite formation was tapped. However, the polygenic activity, the changes in magma composition, and the variable thermometamorphic clasts occurring in the hydromagmatic deposits (recording variable substrata) suggest, particularly for the Albano eruptive centre, a more complex plumbing system consisting of at least two more magma chambers at a shallower depth, i.e., in the Mesozoic limestone and Pliocene pelite formations. The large amount of stratigraphic, volcanological, and geochemical data collected for the Colli Albani Volcanic District, one of the main districts in the ultrapotassic Roman Province, enable us to contribute insights into the still open debate regarding the temporal variation of the metasomatised mantle source of the Italian potassic magmas. Based on our data, i.e., variation of radiogenic and trace elements over time, we suggest that the observed variation in the mantle source of the ultrapotassic magmas can be related to progressive consumption of the phlogopite component in the metasomatised source rather than the transition from lithosphere- to asthenosphere-derived magmatism and/or the transition from orogenic to anorogenic magmatism.
    Description: Published
    Description: 298-308
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ultrapotassic magmas ; metasomatised mantle ; Roman Province ; Colli Albani ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
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  • 11
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    Plagioclase–melt (dis)equilibrium due to cooling dynamics: Implications for thermometry, barometry and hygrometry (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The compositional variation of plagioclase and the partitioning of major elements between plagioclase and melt have been experimentally measured as a function of the cooling rate. Crystals were grown from a basaltic melt at a pressure of 500 MPa under (i) variable cooling rates of 0.5, 2.1, 3, 9.4, and 15 °C/min from 1250 °C down to 1000 °C, (ii) quenching temperatures of 1025, 1050, 1075, 1090, and 1100 °C at the fixed cooling rate of 0.5 °C/min, and (iii) isothermal temperatures of 1000, 1025, 1050, 1075, 1090, and 1100 °C. Our results show that euhedral, faceted plagioclases form during isothermal and slower cooling experiments exhibiting idiomorphic tabular shapes. In contrast, dendritic shapes are observed from faster cooled charges. As the cooling rate is increased, concentrations of Al+Ca+Fe+Mg increase and Si+Na+K decrease in plagioclase favoring higher An and lower Ab+Or contents. Significant variations of pl–liqKd are also observed by the comparison between isothermal and cooled charges; notably, pl–liqKdAb–An, pl–liqKdCa–Na and pl–liqKdFe–Mg progressively change with increasing cooling rate. Therefore, crystal–melt exchange reactions have the potential to reveal the departure from equilibrium for plagioclase-bearing cooling magmas. Finally, thermometers, barometers, and hygrometers derived through the plagioclase–liquid equilibria have been tested at these non-equilibrium experimental conditions. Since such models are based on assumption of equilibrium, any form of disequilibrium will yield errors. Results show that errors on estimates of temperature, pressure, and melt-water content increase systematically with increasing cooling rate (i.e. disequilibrium condition) depicting monotonic trends towards drastic overestimates. These trends are perfectly correlated with those of pl–liqKdCa–Na, pl–liqKdAb–An, and pl–liqKdFe–Mg, thus demonstrating their ability to test (dis)equilibrium conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 221–235
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Cooling rate ; Partition coefficients ; Thermometers ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Cooling history of a dike as revealed by mineral chemistry: A case study from Mt. Etna volcano (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seven rock samples were systematically collected from innermost to the outermost portion of a dike outcropping at Mt. Etna volcano. Results show that, from dike core-to-rim, plagioclase, clinopyroxene and titanomagnetite show compositional variations due to increasing cooling rate. Plagioclase is progressively enriched in An from innermost to the outermost part of the dike. Similarly, clinopyroxene components En+ CaTs+CaFeTs increase, whereas Di+Hd decrease. The Usp content in titanomagnetite also systematically decrease from dike core-to-rim. Partition coefficients and thermometers based on the crystal-liquid exchange reaction indicate that, due to rapid cooling rates at the dike outer portions, early-formed crystal nuclei do not re-equilibrate with the melt. The chemistry of minerals progressively deviates from that of equilibrium; consequently, from dike core-to-rim, mineral compositions resemble those of high-temperature formation. The chemical variations of clinopyroxene and plagioclase in dike samples mirror those obtained from cooling experiments carried out on alkaline basalts. Accordingly, we used an experimental equation based on clinopyroxene compositional variation as a function of cooling rate to determine the cooling conditions experienced by the crystals during dike emplacement. The estimated cooling rates are comparable to those predicted by thermal modeling based on an explicit finite-difference scheme.
    Description: Published
    Description: 39-52
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: dike ; clinopyroxene ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
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  • 13
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    The magmatic feeding system of the Campi Flegrei caldera: Architecture and temporal evolution (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: To develop a model of both the structure and evolution of the Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc) magmatic feeding system, geochronological, geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb and B isotopic data of representative volcanic products of the past 15 ka have been combined with geophysical and melt inclusion literature data, structural setting and dynamics of the resurgent caldera. According to previous petrological data, the CFc magmatic feeding system consists of a deep reservoir, in which mantle-derived K-basaltic parental magmas differentiate to shoshonite, latite and trachyte, through combined crustal contamination and fractional crystallization processes, and shallowreservoirswhere the evolvedmagmas further differentiate andmingle/mix before eruptions. The Sr,Nd, Pb, and B isotope data allowrecognition of three distinctmagmatic components.One component is believedto be residualmagmafromtheNeapolitanYellowTuff (NYT) caldera forming eruption. The NYT component (87Sr/86Sr of 0.70750–53, 143Nd/144Nd ratio of ca. 0.51246, 206Pb/204Pb of ca. 19.04 and δ11B of ca. –7.9‰), has been the most prevalent component over the past 15 ka being mixed, in most cases, with the other two components. One of these other components is best recognized in the Minopoli 2 magma, first erupted 10 ka ago. Minopoli 2 magma is shoshonitic in composition and is the most enriched in radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr of ca. 0.70860) and unradiogenic Nd and Pb (143Nd/144Nd ratio of ca. 0.51236, 206Pb/204Pb of ca. 18.90), and is characterised by δ11B value of ca. –7.32‰. The third component is trachytic in composition and has higher 206Pb/204Pb (ca. 19.08), lower 87Sr/86Sr (ca. 0.70726) and δ11B (−9.8‰) and higher 143Nd/144Nd (ca. 0.51250), with respect to the NYT component. This third component is best recognized in the Astroni 6 magma and did not appear until ca. 4 ka. The identified isotopically distinct magmatic components were erupted in different sectors of the CFc. During both I (b14.9–9.5 ka) and II (8.6–8.2 ka) epochs of volcanic activity,magmas similar to the NYT component, and those resulting from mixing between Minopoli 2 and NYT components were erupted from vents located mostly on the marginal faults of the NYT caldera. During the III epoch (4.8–3.8 ka) magmas either similar to NYT, or resulting from mixing between Astroni 6 and NYT components were erupted from vents located along faults bordering the La Starza resurgent block and, subordinately, the NYT caldera. Moreover, magmas resulting from mixing betweenMinopoli 2 and NYT components were erupted fromvents located along NE–SW regional faults activated during caldera resurgence. The inferred present structure of the feeding system is characterised by a deep reservoir, whose top is at about 8 kmdepth, that hosts shoshonitic–trachyticmagmas. Remnants of the NYT magma reside at shallower depth in different sectors of the crust underlying CFc, and were sometimes intercepted by volatile-rich magmas of deep provenance during the three epochs of CFc volcanic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 227-241
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei caldera ; Magmatic system ; Caldera structure ; Geochemistry ; Isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 14
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    A microscopic information system (MIS) for petrographic analysis (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The database and visualization facilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) software are employed to support the analysis of rock texture from thin section by image processing. A Microscopic Information System (MIS) is hence obtained. The method is applied to transmitted light images of 137 samples obtained from 8 granitoid rocks. A slide scanner and a mount for crossed polarization are used to acquire the input images. For each thin section 5 collimated RGB images are scanned: 4 under different directions of crossed polarization and 1 without polarization. A grain segmentation procedure, based on two region growing functions is applied. The output is converted to vector format and refined using editing tools in the MIS environment, which enables a straightforward match between the input imagery and the final vectorized texture. GIS software provides optimal management of the MIS database, allowing the cumulative measurement of more than 87,000 grains.
    Description: Published
    Description: 665-674
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 5.3. TTC - Banche dati vulcanologiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Granitoid rocks ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; Image processing ; Petrography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
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  • 15
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    Short residence times for alkaline Vesuvius magmas in a multi-depth supply system: Evidence from geochemical and textural studies (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: It is crucial to understand magma chamber chemico-physical conditions and residence times for high-risk volcanoes because these factors control the occurrence and size of future eruptions. In order to define magmatic pressure–temperature conditions and residence times at the Somma–Vesuvius volcano, we studied the geochemistry and texture of selected past eruptions that are representative of the entire volcanic history. Our petrological model indicates a multi-depth magma chamber composed of a deeper tephritic (350– 400 Mpa) magma layer, which fed Strombolian and effusive eruptions during open-conduit activity, and an upper (200–250 Mpa) phonolitic level, which supplied the high explosive events that followed closedconduit repose time. This upper reservoir matches the inferred transition between sedimentary sequences and metamorphic basement. At this level, the presence of a structural and lithological discontinuity favors magma storage during closed-conduit periods. The prevalent differentiation process was fractional crystallization during the magma cooling associated with upward migration of less dense, evolved liquids. Our results indicate that major steam exolution occurred during the late crystallization stage of phonolites, which accounts for the high Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of eruptions supplied by these melts. Moreover, our phenocryst CSD data reveal the rapid crystallization and differentiation (decades to centuries) of alkaline Somma–Vesuvius magmas. This implies that the 400 km2 partial melting zone detected by tomography studies at 8–10 km depth beneath Vesuvius should consist of differentiated magma that is already capable of generating a large-scale (plinian) explosive event if renewed activity develops out of the present closed-conduit state. Additionally, because our microlite CSD data indicate rapid magma migration from the chamber toward the surface, precursory activity could appear only short time before a major eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 133–143
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: residence time ; phonolite ; Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy
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  • 16
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    The feeding system of Agnano–Monte Spina eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy): Dragging the past into present activity and future scenarios (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Magmatic processes triggering eruptions at Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) and their relationships with the widespread emissions of fluids and caldera unrest episodes, are poorly constrained. The 4.1 ka B.P. Agnano–Monte Spina eruption, the reference event for a future large-size explosive eruption at Campi Flegrei, was investigated to shed light, through melt inclusion and isotope analyses, on the geochemical processes operating in the plumbing system. Chemical and isotopic data on whole rocks and glasses suggest that at least two magma batches mixed during the course of the eruption. Melt inclusion data highlight the pre-eruption storage conditions of two magmatic end-members. One end-member is like the less differentiated (shoshonitic) Campi Flegrei erupted magma, while the other could be a residual of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff magma. Mixing between these two components was driven by a large gas phase which sustained the ascent of magmas of deep provenance. The H2O and CO2 contents in pyroxene-hosted melt inclusions yield entrapment pressures between 107 and 211 MPa, corresponding to depths between 4 and 8 km. The degassing trends reveal two extreme patterns. One pattern, already documented in the literature, is the volatile signature of poorly differentiated magmas ascending from more than 8 km depth, while the other is related to a gas-dominated magma, flushed by a CO2-rich gas phase partly released from the deep reservoir. This study provides a conceptual frame for unrest phases at Campi Flegrei, such as the 1982–84 event. Uplift phases can be related to closed-system ascent of magmas and fluids from more than 8 km depth, and their emplacement at shallow levels. This leads the shallow system to store, and then progressively release, the accumulated gas. In this view, both unrest episodes and eruptions could be strongly influenced by both the achievement of a critical upper limit of gas storage in the shallow magmatic reservoir and the stress and fracturing state of the roof rocks. The present results help to constrain the preeruptive conditions expected at Campi Flegrei caldera in case of a future large-size eruptive event.
    Description: Published
    Description: 135–147
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sr and Nd isotopes ; Melt inclusions ; Gas flushing ; Magma mixing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 17
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    Astronomical tuning of the La Vedova High Cliff section (Ancona, Italy)—Implications of the Middle Miocene Climate Transition for Mediterranean sapropel formation (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: Continuous marine successions covering the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT; ∼15–13.7 Ma) are scarce and the lack of a high-resolution magnetobiostratigraphic framework hampers the construction of astronomically tuned age models for this time interval. The La Vedova High Cliff section, exposed along the coast of the Cònero Riviera near Ancona (Italy), is one of the few Mediterranean sections covering the critical time interval of the MMCT. Starting from an initial magnetobiostratigraphic age model, a robust astronomical tuning was constructed for the interval between 14.2 and 13.5 Ma, using geochemical element data and time series analysis. A shift in δ18O of bulk sediment towards heavier values occurs between ∼13.92 and 13.78 Ma and could be related to the Mi3b oxygen isotope event, which reflects the rapid expansion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the middle Miocene. The onset of the CM6 carbon excursion is reflected in the bulk record by a rapid increase in δ13C at 13.86 Ma. Our results confirm the proposition that these events coincide with a 405-kyr minimum in eccentricity and a node in obliquity related to the ∼1.2 Myr cycle. From 13.8 Ma onwards, distinct quadruplet cycles containing sapropelitic sediments were deposited. This may suggest a causal connection between the main middle Miocene cooling step and the onset of sapropel formation in the Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 249–261
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Middle Miocene ; Mediterranean ; astronomical tuning ; paleomagnetism ; biostratigraphy ; environmental changes ; orbital forcing ; sapropels ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 18
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    Paleomagnetic investigations on the Pleistocene lacustrine sequence of Piànico-Sèllere (northern Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Piànico-Sèllere is a lacustrine succession from northern Italy that records a sequence of climatic transitions across two Pleistocene glacial stages. The intervening interglacial stage is represented by well-preserved varves with calcitic (summer) and clastic (winter) laminae. There is a tight coupling between climate-driven lithologic changes and magnetic susceptibility variations, and stable paleomagnetic components were retrieved from all investigated lithologies including the largely diamagnetic calcite varves. These components were used to delineate a sequence of magnetic polarity reversals that was interpreted as a record of excursions of the Earth’s magnetic field. Comparison of the magnetostratigraphic results with previously published data allows discussion of two possible models which have generated controversy regarding the age of the Piànico Formation. The data indicates that the Piànico Formation magnetostratigraphy correlates to geomagnetic field excursions across the Brunhes/Matuyama transition, and consequently the Piànico interglacial correlates to marine isotope stage 19. This correlation option is substantially consistent with K-Ar radiometric age estimates recently obtained from a tepha layer interbedded in the Piànico Formation. The alternative option, considering the Piànico interglacial correlative to marine isotope stage 11 within the Brunhes Chron as supported by tephrochronological dating reported in the literature, is not supported by the magnetostratigraphic results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 44-53
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Piànico Formation ; Pleistocene ; magnetostratigraphy ; polarity excursions ; Brunhes Chron ; Southern Alps ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 19
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    The upper lithostratigraphic unit of ANDRILL AND-2A core (Southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica): Local Pleistocene volcanic sources, paleoenvironmental implications and subsidence in the southern Victoria Land Basin (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report results from the study of the uppermost 37 m of the Southern McMurdo Sound (SMS) AND-2A drill core, corresponding to the lithostratigraphic unit 1 (LSU 1), the most volcanogenic unit within the core. We present data on the age, composition, volcanological and depositional features of the volcanic sedimentary and tephra deposits of LSU 1 and discuss their source, mechanisms of emplacement and environment of deposition. Sedimentary features and compositional data indicate shallow water sedimentation for the whole of LSU 1. Most of LSU 1 deposits are a mixture of near primary volcanic material with minor exotic clasts derived from the Paleozoic crystalline basement rocks. Among volcanic materials, glassy particles are the most abundant. They were produced by mildly explosive basaltic eruptions occurring in subaerial and subaqueous environments. The Dailey Islands group, 13 km south-southwest of the SMS drill-site, has been identified as a possible source for the volcanics on the basis of similarity in composition and age. 40Ar–39Ar laser step-heating analyses on a lava sample from Juergens Island yields an age of 775 ± 22 ka. Yet because of the minimal reworking features of vitriclasts, preservation of fragile structures in volcaniclastic sediments and evidence for volcanic seamounts to the north of the Dailey Islands, it is likely that some of the material originated also from vents close to the drill-site. Evidence for local volcanic sources and for deposition of sediments in a shallow marine environment provides indications about the local paleogeography and implications for the subsidence history of the southern Victoria Land Basin from Pleistocene to Recent.
    Description: Published
    Description: 142-161
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Antarctica ; volcaniclastic sediments ; Erebus Volcanic Province ; paleoenvironment reconstruction ; Victoria Land Basin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport
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  • 20
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    A Microscopic Information System (MIS) for petrographic analysis (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The database and visualization facilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) software are employed to support the analysis of rock texture from thin section by image processing. A Microscopic Information System (MIS) is hence obtained. The method is applied to transmitted light images of 137 samples obtained from 8 granitoid rocks. A slide scanner and a mount for crossed polarization are used to acquire the input images. For each thin section 5 collimated RGB images are scanned: 4 under different directions of crossed polarization and 1 without polarization. A grain segmentation procedure, based on two region growing functions is applied. The output is converted to vector format and refined using editing tools in the MIS environment, which enables a straightforward match between the input imagery and the final vectorized texture. GIS software provides optimal management of the MIS database, allowing the cumulative measurement of more than 87 000 grains.
    Description: In press
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 5.3. TTC - Banche dati vulcanologiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Granitoid rocks ; Geographic Information System ; Image processing ; Petrography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
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  • 21
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    The pre-eruptive volatile contents of recent basaltic and pantelleritic magmas at Pantelleria (Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Pantelleria Island, located in the Sicily Channel Rift Zone (Italy), is the type locality for the peralkaline rhyolitic rocks called pantellerites. In the last 50 ka, after the large Green Tuff caldera-forming eruption, volcanic activity at Pantelleria has consisted of effusive and explosive eruptions mostly vented inside and along the rim of the caldera and producing silicic lava flows, lava domes and poorly dispersed pantelleritic pumice fall deposits. Basaltic cinder cones and lava flows are only present outside the caldera in the NW sector of the island. The most recent basaltic (Cuddie Rosse, 20 ka) and pantelleritic (Cuddia Randazzo and Cuddia del Gallo, 6 ka) pyroclastic products were sampled to investigate magmatic volatile contents through the study of melt inclusions. The melt inclusions in pyroxene and olivine phenocrysts of Cuddie Rosse scoriae have an alkali basalt composition. The dissolved volatiles comprise 0.9–1.6 wt.% H2O, several hundred ppm of CO2, 1600–2000 ppm of sulphur and 500–900 ppm of chlorine. The water–carbon dioxide couple gives a confining pressure 2 kbar prior to the eruption. This result indicates that episodes of magma ponding and crystallization occurred in the upper crust prior to eruption. The melt inclusions in feldspar, fayalite and aenigmatite phenocrysts of Cuddia del Gallo and Cuddia Randazzo pumice have a pantelleritic composition (Agpaitic Indices 1.3–2.1), up to 4.4 wt.% H2O, 8700 ppm Cl, 6000 ppm F, and CO2 below the detection limit. Sulphur averaging 420 ppm has been measured in Cuddia Randazzo melt inclusions. These data indicate relatively high volatile contents for these low-energy Strombolian-type eruptions. Melt inclusions in Cuddia del Gallo pumice show the most evolved composition (Agpaitic Indices 2–2.1) and the highest volatile content, in agreement with fluid saturation conditions in the magma chamber prior to the eruption. This implies a confining pressure of 1 kbar for the top of the pantelleritic reservoir. The composition of melt inclusions and mineralogical assemblage of Cuddia Randazzo pumice indicate that it has a lower evolutionary degree (Agpaitic Indices 1.3–1.8) and lower pre-eruptive Cl and H2O contents than Cuddia del Gallo pumice. An increase in pressure due to the exsolution of volatiles in the upper part of the pantelleritic reservoir may have triggered the Cuddia del Gallo explosive eruption. Evidence of widespread pre-eruptive mingling between trachytes and pantellerites suggests that the intrusion of trachytic magma into the pantelleritic reservoir likely played a major role in destabilizing the magma system just prior to the Cuddia Randazzo event.
    Description: In press
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pantelleria ; peralkaline ; volatiles ; melt inclusions ; eruptive style ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
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  • 22
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    Astrochronology of the Mediterranean Langhian between 15.29 and 14.17 Ma (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An integrated high-resolution magnetobiocyclostratigraphy including radioisotopic dating and astronomical tuning is presented for the interval between 15.29 and 14.17 Ma in the marine La Vedova section in northern Italy. The natural remanent magnetization is carried by the iron sulphide greigite and the resultant magnetostratigraphy can be correlated straightforwardly to the interval ranging from C5Bn.2n to C5ADn in the Astronomically Tuned Neogene Time Scale (ATNTS2004). Spectral analysis on high-resolution magnetic susceptibility and geochemical proxy records in the depth domain and, using our magnetobiostratigraphic age model, in the time domain demonstrate that the various scales of cyclicity in the section are related to astronomical climate forcing. Starting from our initial age model, larger-scale cycles were first tuned to eccentricity. This first-order tuning was followed by tuning the basic cycle to precession and boreal summer insolation using inferred phase relations between maxima in Ca/Al, redox-sensitive elements and Ba, and minima in magnetic susceptibility, and maxima in precession and minima in obliquity and boreal summer insolation. Our astronomical ages for reversal boundaries are supported by analysis of sea floor spreading rates and should replace the existing ages in the ATNTS2004 lacking direct astronomical control. Two major steps in the geochemical proxy records, astronomically dated at 15.074 and 14.489 Ma, coincide with abrupt changes in sedimentation rate, and are the result of the combined effect of the ∼400-kyr eccentricity cycle superimposed upon a longer-term climatic or tectonic induced trend.
    Description: Published
    Description: 254–269
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Middle Miocene ; Langhian ; Mediterranean ; astronomical tuning ; palaeomagnetism ; biostratigraphy ; environmental changes ; orbital forcing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 23
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    High-resolution intra- and interbasinal correlation of the Danian–Selandian transition (Early Paleocene): The Bjala section (Bulgaria) and the Selandian GSSP at Zumaia (Spain) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Danian–Selandian (D–S) boundary has been identified for the first time in the Black Sea coast at Bjala (Bulgaria) based on a new integrated bio-, magneto- and cyclostratigraphic study. Several correlation criteria as established for the basal Selandian GSSP from Zumaia (Basque Basin) are evaluated. Noteworthy, is the almost complete lack of calcareous nannoplankton species Braarudosphaera bigelowi in the Bulgarian sections, a sharp decrease of which was indicated as suitable criteria for defining the D–S boundary as it occurred both at Zumaia and in the classical locations of the North Sea basin. Conversely, the second evolutionary radiation of the calcareous nannofossil genus Fasciculithus together with the occurrence of Fasciculithus tympaniformis that define the NP4/NP5 zonal boundary seem to be reliable criteria to approximate the D–S boundary. In detail, however, the best approach is to integrate biostratigraphic data within a magnetostratigraphic and/or cyclostratigraphic framework. Refinements on the placement of chron C27n at Zumaia and robust bed-by-bed correlation between several Basque sections and Bjala indicates that the D–S boundary is located 30 precession cycles (~630 ky) above C27n. In addition to the precession-related marl–limestone couplets and 100-ky eccentricity bundles recognized in the studied sections, expression of the stable 405-ky long eccentricity allows direct tuning to the astronomical solutions. A correlation of the land-based sections with previously tuned data from ODP Site1262 from the Southern Atlantic is challenged. Our choice is consistent with original tuning at Zumaia but shifts one 100-ky cycle older previous tuning from Site 1262 along the interval above C27n. Under the preferred tuning scheme the D–S boundary can be given an age of 61.641± 0.040 Ma on the La04 orbital solution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 511-533
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Paleocene ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Orbital tuning ; Calcareous nannofossils ; Selandian GSSP ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 24
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    Nannoplankton biostratigraphic calibration of the evaporitic events in the Neogene Fortuna Basin (SE Spain) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Fortuna Basin is an example of a marginal Mediterranean basin with evaporitic sedimentation during the Late Tortonian and Messinian. This basin shows an early restriction event before the main Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) that allows the Tortonian Salinity Crisis (TSC) to be proposed as a tectonic uplift event isolating the eastern Betic basins. Four evaporitic events are present in the central part of the Fortuna Basin, from bottom to top: Los Baños Marls Formation (composed by Fenazar Conglomerate Bed, Lower Gypsum Member [Mb] and Sanel Mb), Tale Gypsum Formation (Fm), Chicamo Diatomites and Gypsum Cycles Fm, and Rambla Salada Gypsum Fm. The present work documents the first biostratigraphic dating based on calcareous nannoplankton of these events. The lowest occurrence (LO) of Amaurolithus primus is registered at the upper part of the Sanel Mb, below the Tale Gypsum Fm. The LOs of Amaurolithus delicatus and Reticulofenestra rotaria, which mark the base of the Messinian, occur in the lower part of the Chicamo Cycles Fm, above the Tale Gypsum Fm, the Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus-Nicklithus amplificus integrate form and the LO of Nicklithus cf. amplificus in the upper part of the Chicamo Cycles Fm. Taking into account these results, a new calibration of the available magnetostratigraphic data is presented: the Chicamo Cycles Fm were formed during the reverse chron C3Ar and the Tortonian-Messinian boundary should be found within the Tale Gypsum Fm or near the top of the Sanel Mb. The onset of the TSC, the first restriction phase of the Fortuna Basin, is represented by the Fenazar Conglomerate Bed, bottom of the Los Baños Fm, and not by the Tale Gypsum Fm, as previously considered.
    Description: Published
    Description: 201-217
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Betic Cordillera ; Tortonian Salinity Crisis ; Calcareous nannoplankton ; Messinian ; Fortuna Basin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 25
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    Late Matuyama climate forcing on sedimentation at the margin of the southern Alps (Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Pleistocene history of climate control on sedimentation in the Southern Alps-Po Plain system, northern Italy, was reconstructed using an integrated magnetostratigraphic, palynological, and petrographical approach on a 47-m-deep core. The core mainly consists of lacustrine sediments pertaining to the Bagaggera sequence, deposited at the foothills of the Southern Alps during the late Matuyama subchron (0.99-0.78 Ma). At that time, climate worsened globally and locally it caused the progradation of an alluvial fan unit onto the nearby Po Plain, triggering lake formation by damming of a tributary valley. These new data are used in conjunction with data from the literature to highlight and track the effects of climate forcing on sedimentation during the late Matuyama subchron in different orographic and geodynamic settings of the Southern Alps-Po Plain system as part of the greater Alpine area. We found that the episodes of alluvial fan and braidplam progradation observed in the southern foreland of the Alps during the late Matuyama global cooling seem broadly synchronous with the deposition of most of the so-called Gunz and Alterer Deckenschotter deposits in the northern forelands of the Alps as well as with the first major waxing of the Alpine valley glaciers, possibly around the Marine Isotope Stage 22 (~0.87 Ma).
    Description: Regione Lombardia, IREALP
    Description: Published
    Description: 832–846
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Paleomagnetism ; Climate Change ; Early Pleistocene ; Italy ; Stratigraphy ; Petrography ; Palynology ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 26
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    Human migration into Europe during the late Early Pleistocene climate transition (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A critical assessment of the available magnetostratigraphic and/or radiometric age constraints on key sites bearing hominin remains and/or lithic industries from southern Europe (Italy, France, Spain) leads us to propose that the main window of early hominin presence in southern Europe is broadly comprised between the Jaramillo subchron and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary (i.e., subchron C1r.1r, 0.99–0.78 Ma). Within the dating uncertainties, this ~200 ky time window broadly coincides with the late Early Pleistocene global climate transition that contains marine isotope stage (MIS) 22 (~0.87Ma), the first prominent cold stage of the Pleistocene. We suggest that aridification in North Africa and Eastern Europe, particularly harsh during MIS22 times, triggered migration pulses of large herbivores, particularly elephants, from these regions into southern European refugia, and that hominins migrated with them. Finally, we speculate on common pathways of late Early Pleistocene dispersal of elephants and hominins from their home in savannah Africa to southern Europe, elephant and hominin buen retiro. In particular, we stress the importance of the Po Valley of northern Italy that became largely and permanently exposed only since MIS22, thus allowing possibly for the first time in the Pleistocene viable new migration routes for large mammals and hominins across northern Italy to southern France and Spain in the west.
    Description: Published
    Description: 79-93
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Pleistocene ; Magnetostratigraphy ; Hominins ; Migration ; Europe ; Galerian ; Jaramillo ; Brunhes-Matuyama ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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