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  • 1
    Unbekannt
    Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology : Volume 1 (2014)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Natural disasters ; Geotechnical engineering ; Civil engineering ; Engineering ; Civil Engineering ; Natural Hazards ; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preface --- 1. The Full-Scale Laboratory: The Practice of Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance Missions and Their Contribution to Earthquake Engineering --- 2. Rapid Earthquake Loss Assessment after Damaging Earthquakes --- 3. Existing Buildings: The New Italian Provisions for Probabilistic Seismic Assessment --- 4. Seismic Response of Precast Industrial Buildings --- 5. The Role of Site Effects at The Boundary Between Seismology and Engineering: Lessons from Recent Earthquakes --- 6. Seismic Analysis and Design of Bridges with an Emphasis to Eurocode Standards --- 7. From Performance- and Displacement-Based Assessment of Existing Buildings per EN1998-3 to Design of New Concrete Structures in Fib MC2010 --- 8. Testing Historic Masonry Structural Elements and/or Building Models --- 9. Earthquake Risk Reduction: From Scenario Simulators Including Systemic Interdependency to Impact Indicators --- 10. Physics-Based Earthquake Ground Shaking Scenarios in Large Urban Areas --- 11. A Seismic Performance Classification Framework to Provide Increased Seismic Resilience --- 12. Towards Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Modern Unreinforced Masonry Structures --- 13. Pushover Analysis for Plan Irregular Building Structures --- 14. Recent Development and Application of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation and Conditions for Their Correct Use --- 15. Conservation Principles and Performance-Based Strengthening of Heritage Buildings in Post-Event Reconstruction --- 16. Earthquake Risk Assessment: Present Shortcomings and Future Directions --- 17. The Role of Pile Diameter on Earthquake-Induced Bending --- 18. Predictive Models for Earthquake Response of Clay and Quick Clay Slopes.- 19. Recent Advances in Seismic Soil Liquefaction Engineering --- 20. Seismic Hazard and Seismic Design and Safety Aspects of Large Dam Projects
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 650 pages) , 373 illustrations, 263 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319071183
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-07118-3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Unbekannt
    Digitalisierung : Bildung / Technik / Innovation (2017)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Humanities ; Digital libraries ; Computers ; Educational technology ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Communications Engineering, Networks ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Digital Humanities ; Technology and Digital Education
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Seit Jahren wird unser Alltag geprägt von zunehmender Automation und Vernetzung, die Digitalisierung genannt wird. Sensoren erfassen immer mehr unterschiedliche Daten und werden von intelligenten Algorithmen zunehmend präzisier analysiert. Dies führt nicht nur zu einem anderen Verhältnis im Umgang und bei der Nutzung von Daten durch Menschen und Maschinen, sondern wird auch dramatisch Aufgaben und Prozesse verändern. Die damit verbundenen Arbeitsanforderungen werden zum massiven Wandel von Berufsbildern führen, in dem einfache Tätigkeiten automatisiert und komplexe Tätigkeiten vereinfacht werden. Nicht nur das Arbeiten sondern auch das Lernen, Lehren und Forschen verändert sich durch die Digitalisierung. Die technischen Möglichkeiten wandeln die Lebenswelten mit ihren urbanen Versorgungs- und Infrastrukturen und eröffnen den Wirtschaftsräumen neue Geschäftsmodelle. Diese parallel einsetzenden Entwicklungen führen zu radikalen Umbrüchen, die in den kommenden Jahren sämtliche Aspekte der Gesellschaft verändern werden
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 199 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783662528549
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-662-52854-9
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Unbekannt
    Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides : Volume 1 ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015-2025 (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Earth sciences ; Natural disasters ; Engineering geology ; Engineering ; Geology ; Foundations ; Hydraulics ; Sustainable development ; Earth Sciences ; Natural Hazards ; Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics ; Sustainable Development
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015-2025 --- The ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015-2025: Background and Content --- Forum lectures --- Rupestrian world heritage sites: Instability investigation and sustainable mitigation --- Subaerial landslide-generated waves: Numerical and laboratory simulations --- Rockfall occurrence and fragmentation --- Contribution from signatory organizations of the Sendai Partnerships --- International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) --- International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) - The proposing organization of the ISDR-ICL Sendai partnerships 2015-2025 --- United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) --- UNISDR‘s Contribution to Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Role of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) --- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) --- UNESCO’s Contribution to the Implementation of UNISDR’s Global Initiative and ICL --- United Nations University (UNU) --- The United Nations University: Research and Policy Support for Environmental Risk Reduction --- World Meteorological Organization (WMO) --- Concerted International Efforts for Advancing Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems --- International Council for Science (ICSU) --- On Future Challenges for the Integration of Science into International Policy Development for Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction --- World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) --- World Federation of Engineering Organizations Activities in Disaster Risk Reduction --- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University --- National Civil Protection Department, Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Government of Italy --- Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk: Challenges and Opportunities for Italian Civil Protection --- Landslide Dynamics: ISDR-ICL Landslide Interactive Teaching Tools (LITT) --- Progress of the World Report on Landslides --- International Programme on Landslides (IPL): Objectives, History and List of World Centres of Excellence and IPL Projects --- UNESCO-KU-ICL UNITWIN Cooperation Programme for Landslides and Water-Related Disaster Risk Management. Landslides: Journal of the International Consortium on Landslides --- IPL Activities --- Advanced Technologies for Landslides (WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-196, IPL-198) --- Mechanisms of Landslides and Creep in Over-Consolidated Clays and Flysch (WCoE 2014-2017 --- Research on Heavy-Rainfall-Induced and Hydraulic-Driven Geological Hazards in China (WCoE 2014-2017). Landslide Risk Reduction in Croatia: Scientific research in the framework of the WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-173, IPL-184, ICL ABN --- Shapes and Mechanisms of Large-scale Landslides in Japan: Forecasting Analysis from an Inventory (WCoE 2014–2017 --- Retrospective and Prospects for Cold Regions Landslide Research (2012-2016) (WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-132, IPL-167, IPL-203, CRLN --- Large-scale Rockslide Inventories: from the Kokomeren River Basin to the Entire Central Asia Region (WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-106-2) --- Interventions for Promoting Knowledge, Innovations and Landslide Risk Management Practices within South and Southeast Asia (WCoE 2014-2017) --- Promoting a Global Standard for Community-based Landslide Early Warning Systems (WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-158, IPL-165) --- Model Policy Frameworks, Standards and Guidelines on Landslide Disaster Reduction (WCoE 2014-2017) --- Landslide Hazard and Risk Management (WCoE 2014-2017) --- Mitigation of Landslide Hazards in Ukraine under the Guidance of ICL: 2009–2016 (IPL-153, IPL-191) --- Development of a Hazard Evaluation Technique for Earthquake-Induced Landslides Based on an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) (IPL-154) --- The Croatian-Japanese SATREPS Joint Research Project on Landslides (IPL-161)
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 586 pages) , 372 illustrations, 350 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319594699
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-59469-9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Unbekannt
    Digitale Souveränität : Bürger / Unternehmen / Staat (2017)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Humanities ; Digital libraries ; Educational technology ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Communications Engineering, Networks ; Digital Humanities ; Technology and Digital Education
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort --- Einleitung --- Bürger --- Wenn Bots sich unter Leute mischen: Social Bots in den Sozialen Medien --- Digitale Partizipation in Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft --- Entwicklung einer soziodigitalen Souveränität --- Unternehmen --- Digitale Souveränität – ein mehrdimensionales Handlungskonzept für die deutsche Wirtschaft --- Privatheit und digitale Souveränität in der Arbeitswelt 4.0 --- Staat --- Mehr Daten, weniger Vertrauen in Statistik – freie Fahrt für ‚alternative Fakten‘? --- Internationale Perspektiven auf digitale Souveränität --- Digitalisierung der Bildung als staatliche Aufgabe --- Ausblick
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 187 Seiten) , 40 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783662557969
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-662-55796-9
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    E-BOOK
  • 5
    Unbekannt
    Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides : Volume 1 ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015-2025 (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Earth sciences ; Natural disasters ; Engineering geology ; Engineering ; Geology ; Foundations ; Hydraulics ; Sustainable development ; Earth Sciences ; Natural Hazards ; Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics ; Sustainable Development
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015-2025 --- The ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015-2025: Background and Content --- Forum lectures --- Rupestrian world heritage sites: Instability investigation and sustainable mitigation --- Subaerial landslide-generated waves: Numerical and laboratory simulations --- Rockfall occurrence and fragmentation --- Contribution from signatory organizations of the Sendai Partnerships --- International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) --- International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) - The proposing organization of the ISDR-ICL Sendai partnerships 2015-2025 --- United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) --- UNISDR‘s Contribution to Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Role of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) --- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) --- UNESCO’s Contribution to the Implementation of UNISDR’s Global Initiative and ICL --- United Nations University (UNU) --- The United Nations University: Research and Policy Support for Environmental Risk Reduction --- World Meteorological Organization (WMO) --- Concerted International Efforts for Advancing Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems --- International Council for Science (ICSU) --- On Future Challenges for the Integration of Science into International Policy Development for Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction --- World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) --- World Federation of Engineering Organizations Activities in Disaster Risk Reduction --- Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University --- National Civil Protection Department, Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Government of Italy --- Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk: Challenges and Opportunities for Italian Civil Protection --- Landslide Dynamics: ISDR-ICL Landslide Interactive Teaching Tools (LITT) --- Progress of the World Report on Landslides --- International Programme on Landslides (IPL): Objectives, History and List of World Centres of Excellence and IPL Projects --- UNESCO-KU-ICL UNITWIN Cooperation Programme for Landslides and Water-Related Disaster Risk Management. Landslides: Journal of the International Consortium on Landslides --- IPL Activities --- Advanced Technologies for Landslides (WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-196, IPL-198) --- Mechanisms of Landslides and Creep in Over-Consolidated Clays and Flysch (WCoE 2014-2017 --- Research on Heavy-Rainfall-Induced and Hydraulic-Driven Geological Hazards in China (WCoE 2014-2017). Landslide Risk Reduction in Croatia: Scientific research in the framework of the WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-173, IPL-184, ICL ABN --- Shapes and Mechanisms of Large-scale Landslides in Japan: Forecasting Analysis from an Inventory (WCoE 2014–2017 --- Retrospective and Prospects for Cold Regions Landslide Research (2012-2016) (WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-132, IPL-167, IPL-203, CRLN --- Large-scale Rockslide Inventories: from the Kokomeren River Basin to the Entire Central Asia Region (WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-106-2) --- Interventions for Promoting Knowledge, Innovations and Landslide Risk Management Practices within South and Southeast Asia (WCoE 2014-2017) --- Promoting a Global Standard for Community-based Landslide Early Warning Systems (WCoE 2014-2017, IPL-158, IPL-165) --- Model Policy Frameworks, Standards and Guidelines on Landslide Disaster Reduction (WCoE 2014-2017) --- Landslide Hazard and Risk Management (WCoE 2014-2017) --- Mitigation of Landslide Hazards in Ukraine under the Guidance of ICL: 2009–2016 (IPL-153, IPL-191) --- Development of a Hazard Evaluation Technique for Earthquake-Induced Landslides Based on an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) (IPL-154) --- The Croatian-Japanese SATREPS Joint Research Project on Landslides (IPL-161)
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 586 pages) , 372 illustrations, 350 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319594699
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-59469-9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Unbekannt
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Modeling and Simulation, plus Econophysics Colloquium 2014 (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Computer simulation ; Economic theory ; Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Complexity ; Simulation and Modeling ; Applications of Graph Theory and Complex Networks ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 1 Financial Market --- Influence Networks in the Foreign Exchange Market --- Entropy and Transfer Entropy: The Dow Jones and the build up to the 1997 Asian Crisis --- Execution and Cancellation Lifetimes in Foreign Currency Market --- Signs of market orders and human dynamics --- Damped oscillatory behaviors in the ratios of stock market indices --- Exploring Market Making Strategy for High Frequency Trading: an Agent-based Approach --- Effect of Cancel Order on Simple Stochastic Order-Book Model --- Chapter 2 Robustness and Fragility --- Cascading failures in interdependent economic networks --- Do connections make systems robust?: a new scenario for the complexity-stability relation --- Simulation of Gross Domestic Product in International Trade Networks: Linear Gravity Transportation Model --- Analysis of Network Robustness for a Japanese Business Relation Network by Percolation Simulation.- Detectability threshold of the spectral method for graph partitioning.- Spread of Infectious Diseases with a Latent Period.-Chapter 3 Interaction and Distribution --- Geographic Dependency of Population Distribution- Spatiotemporal Analysis of Influenza Epidemics in Japan --- A Universal Lifetime Distribution for Multi-Species Systems --- Firm Age Distributions and the Decay Rate of Firm Activities --- Empirical Analysis of Firm-Dynamics on Japanese Inter-firm trade Network --- Direct participants’ behavior through the lens of transactional analysis: the case of SPEI --- Chapter 4 Traffic and Pedestrian --- Pedestrian Dynamics in Jamology --- Qualitative Methods of Validating Evacuation Behaviors --- Collective dynamics of pedestrians with no fixed destination --- Traffic Simulation of Kobe-city --- MOSAIIC: city-level agent-based traffic simulation adapted to emergency situations --- GUI for Agent Based Modeling --- Chapter 5 Social Media --- Emotional Changes in Japanese Blog Space Resulting from the 3.11 Earthquake --- Modeling of ENJYO via process of consensus formation on SNS --- A network structure of emotional interactions in an electronic bulletin board --- Scale-free network topologies with clustering similar to online social networks --- Identifying Colors of Products and Associated Personalized Recommendation Engine in e-Fashion Business
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 346 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319205915
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-20591-5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Unbekannt
    Zukunft der Arbeit in Industrie 4.0 (2015)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Robotics ; Automation ; Industrial engineering ; Production engineering ; Engineering economics ; Engineering economy ; Manufacturing industries ; Machines ; Tools ; Engineering ; Industrial and Production Engineering ; Robotics and Automation ; Engineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing ; Manufacturing, Machines, Tools ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einordnung und Hintergründe --- Positionen der Sozialpartner --- Erfahrungen und Herausforderungen in der Industrie --- Forschungsfragen und Entwicklungsstrategien --- Ausblick
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 167 Seiten) , 38 Abbildungen
    ISBN: 9783662459157
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-662-45915-7
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Unbekannt
    Digitalisierung : Bildung / Technik / Innovation (2017)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Humanities ; Digital libraries ; Computers ; Educational technology ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Communications Engineering, Networks ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Digital Humanities ; Technology and Digital Education
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Seit Jahren wird unser Alltag geprägt von zunehmender Automation und Vernetzung, die Digitalisierung genannt wird. Sensoren erfassen immer mehr unterschiedliche Daten und werden von intelligenten Algorithmen zunehmend präzisier analysiert. Dies führt nicht nur zu einem anderen Verhältnis im Umgang und bei der Nutzung von Daten durch Menschen und Maschinen, sondern wird auch dramatisch Aufgaben und Prozesse verändern. Die damit verbundenen Arbeitsanforderungen werden zum massiven Wandel von Berufsbildern führen, in dem einfache Tätigkeiten automatisiert und komplexe Tätigkeiten vereinfacht werden. Nicht nur das Arbeiten sondern auch das Lernen, Lehren und Forschen verändert sich durch die Digitalisierung. Die technischen Möglichkeiten wandeln die Lebenswelten mit ihren urbanen Versorgungs- und Infrastrukturen und eröffnen den Wirtschaftsräumen neue Geschäftsmodelle. Diese parallel einsetzenden Entwicklungen führen zu radikalen Umbrüchen, die in den kommenden Jahren sämtliche Aspekte der Gesellschaft verändern werden
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 199 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783662528549
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-662-52854-9
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Unbekannt
    Autonomes Fahren : Technische, rechtliche und gesellschaftliche Aspekte (2015)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Commercial law ; Automotive engineering ; Robotics ; Automation ; Community psychology ; Environmental psychology ; Engineering ; Automotive Engineering ; Robotics and Automation ; Community and Environmental Psychology ; Commercial Law
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Teil I Human and Machine --- Teil II Mobilität --- Teil III Verkehr --- Teil IV Sicherheit --- Teil V Recht und Haftung --- Teil VI Akzeptanz
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 732 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783662458549
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-662-45854-9
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Unbekannt
    Digitale Souveränität : Bürger / Unternehmen / Staat (2017)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Humanities ; Digital libraries ; Educational technology ; Electrical engineering ; Engineering ; Communications Engineering, Networks ; Digital Humanities ; Technology and Digital Education
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort --- Einleitung --- Bürger --- Wenn Bots sich unter Leute mischen: Social Bots in den Sozialen Medien --- Digitale Partizipation in Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft --- Entwicklung einer soziodigitalen Souveränität --- Unternehmen --- Digitale Souveränität – ein mehrdimensionales Handlungskonzept für die deutsche Wirtschaft --- Privatheit und digitale Souveränität in der Arbeitswelt 4.0 --- Staat --- Mehr Daten, weniger Vertrauen in Statistik – freie Fahrt für ‚alternative Fakten‘? --- Internationale Perspektiven auf digitale Souveränität --- Digitalisierung der Bildung als staatliche Aufgabe --- Ausblick
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 187 Seiten) , 40 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783662557969
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-662-55796-9
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Unbekannt
    Think Big, Start Small : StreetScooter die e-mobile erfolgsstory: Innovationsprozesse radikal effizienter (2017)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Project management ; Engineering design ; Automotive Engineering ; Project Management ; Engineering Design
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A - Die Entwicklung: Drei Erfolgsstories --- Die StreetScooter-Gründer-Story --- Die StreetScooter-Meilensteine 2008-2017 --- Die StreetScooter-Entwicklungsstory --- Die StreetScooter-Protagonisten-Story --- B - Die Lösung: Return on Engineering: Die StreetScooter-Lösungsbausteine. C - Die Perspektive: Die StreetScooter-Netzwerk-Story --- Die StreetScooter-Produktions-Story --- Die StreetScooter-Post-Story --- Die StreetScooter-Mobilitätslösung --- Die StreetScooter-Vision. A - The Development: Three Stories of Success --- The StreetScooter Founder Story --- The StreetScooter Milestones 2008-2017 --- The StreetScooter Development Story --- The StreetScooter Protagonists Story --- B - The Solution: Return on Engineering: The StreetScooter Building Blocks --- C - The Perspective: The StreetScooter Network Story --- The StreetScooter Production Story --- The StreetScooter Post Story --- The StreetScooter Mobility Solution --- The StreetScooter Vision
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 213 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783662549971
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-662-54997-1
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Unbekannt
    Zukunft der Arbeit – Eine praxisnahe Betrachtung (2018)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Robotics ; Automation ; Industrial engineering ; Production engineering ; Economic sociology ; Engineering ; Industrial and Production Engineering ; Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology ; Robotics and Automation
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung --- Prognostizierte Veränderungen der gestaltbaren Arbeitssystemdimensionen --- Systeme zur Assistenz und Effizienzsteigerung in manuellen Produktionsprozessen der Industrie auf Basis von Projektion und Tiefendatenerkennung --- Betriebliche Auswirkungen industrieller Servicerobotik am Beispiel der Kleinteilemontage --- Erweiterte Horizonte – Ein technischer Blick in die Zukunft der Arbeit --- Soziotechnische Assistenzsysteme für die Produktionsarbeit in der Textilbranche --- Lernförderliche Arbeitssysteme für die Arbeitswelt von morgen --- Assistenz und Wissensvermittlung am Beispiel von Montage- und Instandhaltungstätigkeiten --- Der Mensch in Interaktion mit autonomen Planungs- und Steuerungssystemen für Cyber-Physische Produktionssysteme --- ReApp – Wiederverwendbare Roboterapplikationen für flexible Roboteranlagen - Auswirkungen der Ergebnisse aus ReApp auf betriebliche Funktionen am Beispiel eines Anwendungsfalls in der Elektroindustrie --- Modellierungsansatz für ein arbeitsplatznahes Beschreibungsmodell der »Arbeitswelt Industrie 4.0 --- Die Zukunft der Arbeit im demografischen Wandel --- “Social Manufacturing and Logistics“ – Arbeit in der digitalisierten Produktion --- Lernförderliche Arbeitsorganisation in der Industrie 4.0 --- Decision Support Pipelines – Durchgängige Datenverarbeitungsinfrastrukturen für die Entscheidungen von morgen --- Gerechtigkeit in flexiblen Arbeits- und Managementprozessen --- Technologie, Organisation, Qualifikation
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 246 Seiten) , 62 Abbildungen, 56 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783662492666
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-662-49266-6
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Unbekannt
    Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology : Volume 1 (2014)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Natural disasters ; Geotechnical engineering ; Civil engineering ; Engineering ; Civil Engineering ; Natural Hazards ; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preface --- 1. The Full-Scale Laboratory: The Practice of Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance Missions and Their Contribution to Earthquake Engineering --- 2. Rapid Earthquake Loss Assessment after Damaging Earthquakes --- 3. Existing Buildings: The New Italian Provisions for Probabilistic Seismic Assessment --- 4. Seismic Response of Precast Industrial Buildings --- 5. The Role of Site Effects at The Boundary Between Seismology and Engineering: Lessons from Recent Earthquakes --- 6. Seismic Analysis and Design of Bridges with an Emphasis to Eurocode Standards --- 7. From Performance- and Displacement-Based Assessment of Existing Buildings per EN1998-3 to Design of New Concrete Structures in Fib MC2010 --- 8. Testing Historic Masonry Structural Elements and/or Building Models --- 9. Earthquake Risk Reduction: From Scenario Simulators Including Systemic Interdependency to Impact Indicators --- 10. Physics-Based Earthquake Ground Shaking Scenarios in Large Urban Areas --- 11. A Seismic Performance Classification Framework to Provide Increased Seismic Resilience --- 12. Towards Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Modern Unreinforced Masonry Structures --- 13. Pushover Analysis for Plan Irregular Building Structures --- 14. Recent Development and Application of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation and Conditions for Their Correct Use --- 15. Conservation Principles and Performance-Based Strengthening of Heritage Buildings in Post-Event Reconstruction --- 16. Earthquake Risk Assessment: Present Shortcomings and Future Directions --- 17. The Role of Pile Diameter on Earthquake-Induced Bending --- 18. Predictive Models for Earthquake Response of Clay and Quick Clay Slopes.- 19. Recent Advances in Seismic Soil Liquefaction Engineering --- 20. Seismic Hazard and Seismic Design and Safety Aspects of Large Dam Projects
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 650 pages) , 373 illustrations, 263 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319071183
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-07118-3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
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    Unbekannt
    [Perspective] Solar-powering the Internet of Things (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-08
    Beschreibung: The Internet connects billions of computational platforms of various sizes, from supercomputers to smart phones. However, the same types of data transmission can connect computational resources to much simpler sensors “at the edge of the net” that collect, analyze, and transmit data, as well as controllers that receive instructions. Devices deployed in the environment, homes and offices, and even our bodies would expand the number of connected devices to the trillions. This “Internet of Things” (IoT) underlies the vision of smart homes and buildings that could sense and transmit their status and respond appropriately (1), or track and report on the state of objects (vehicles, goods, or even animals) in the environment. However, the practical implementation of the IoT has been relatively slow, in part because all of these edge devices must draw electrical power from their local environment. We analyze the use of photovoltaics (PV) to power devices and help bring the IoT to fruition. Authors: Richard Haight, Wilfried Haensch, Daniel Friedman
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Spraying makes it smoother (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-17
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    3D printed polyamide membranes for desalination (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-17
    Beschreibung: Polyamide thickness and roughness have been identified as critical properties that affect thin-film composite membrane performance for reverse osmosis. Conventional formation methodologies lack the ability to control these properties independently with high resolution or precision. An additive approach is presented that uses electrospraying to deposit monomers directly onto a substrate, where they react to form polyamide. The small droplet size coupled with low monomer concentrations result in polyamide films that are smoother and thinner than conventional polyamides, while the additive nature of the approach allows for control of thickness and roughness. Polyamide films are formed with a thickness that is controllable down to 4-nanometer increments and a roughness as low as 2 nanometers while still exhibiting good permselectivity relative to a commercial benchmarking membrane.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes made by ligand-induced permselectivation (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-09-07
    Beschreibung: Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes are emerging as a promising energy-efficient separation technology. However, their reliable and scalable manufacturing remains a challenge. We demonstrate the fabrication of ZIF nanocomposite membranes by means of an all-vapor-phase processing method based on atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO in a porous support followed by ligand-vapor treatment. After ALD, the obtained nanocomposite exhibits low flux and is not selective, whereas after ligand-vapor (2-methylimidazole) treatment, it is partially transformed to ZIF and shows stable performance with high mixture separation factor for propylene over propane (an energy-intensive high-volume separation) and high propylene flux. Membrane synthesis through ligand-induced permselectivation of a nonselective and impermeable deposit is shown to be simple and highly reproducible and holds promise for scalability.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Robotic-flapper maneuvers and fruitfly turns (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-09-14
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    A tailless aerial robotic flapper reveals that flies use torque coupling in rapid banked turns (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-09-14
    Beschreibung: Insects are among the most agile natural flyers. Hypotheses on their flight control cannot always be validated by experiments with animals or tethered robots. To this end, we developed a programmable and agile autonomous free-flying robot controlled through bio-inspired motion changes of its flapping wings. Despite being 55 times the size of a fruit fly, the robot can accurately mimic the rapid escape maneuvers of flies, including a correcting yaw rotation toward the escape heading. Because the robot’s yaw control was turned off, we showed that these yaw rotations result from passive, translation-induced aerodynamic coupling between the yaw torque and the roll and pitch torques produced throughout the maneuver. The robot enables new methods for studying animal flight, and its flight characteristics allow for real-world flight missions.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Nanoparticle superlattice engineering with DNA (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-15
    Beschreibung: A current limitation in nanoparticle superlattice engineering is that the identities of the particles being assembled often determine the structures that can be synthesized. Therefore, specific crystallographic symmetries or lattice parameters can only be achieved using specific nanoparticles as building blocks (and vice versa). We present six design rules that can be used to deliberately prepare nine distinct colloidal crystal structures, with control over lattice parameters on the 25- to 150-nanometer length scale. These design rules outline a strategy to independently adjust each of the relevant crystallographic parameters, including particle size (5 to 60 nanometers), periodicity, and interparticle distance. As such, this work represents an advance in synthesizing tailorable macroscale architectures comprising nanoscale materials in a predictable fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macfarlane, Robert J -- Lee, Byeongdu -- Jones, Matthew R -- Harris, Nadine -- Schatz, George C -- Mirkin, Chad A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):204-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1210493.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Sequence ; Crystallization ; Crystallography ; DNA/*chemistry ; Engineering ; Metal Nanoparticles/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotides/chemistry ; Particle Size ; Scattering, Small Angle ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    [Book Review] A monumental challenge (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-22
    Beschreibung: So prized by the ancient Romans were Egyptian obelisks that, at one time, more of them stood in Rome than in Egypt. In the 19th century, France, Britain, and the United States—inspired by Napoleon Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt in 1798— acquired their own major obelisks from Alexandria and Luxor. Cleopatra's Needles, by Egyptologist Bob Brier, explores the engineering challenges associated with building and erecting these massive monuments. Author: Andrew Robinson
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 22
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    Engineer set to run NSF (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-06-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):673. doi: 10.1038/465673a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; Budgets ; Engineering ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; India/ethnology ; Politics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 23
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    Climate change: protect the world's deltas (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giosan, Liviu -- Syvitski, James -- Constantinescu, Stefan -- Day, John -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 4;516(7529):31-3. doi: 10.1038/516031a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA. ; University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, and chair of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. ; University of Bucharest, Romania. ; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25471866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Engineering ; Environmental Policy ; Floods ; Oceans and Seas ; *Rivers
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 24
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    Deep-water drilling remains a risky business (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2012-04-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boesch, Donald -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 17;484(7394):289. doi: 10.1038/484289a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge. boesch@umces.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Disasters/economics/prevention & control ; Ecology/trends ; Ecosystem ; Engineering ; Federal Government ; Gulf of Mexico ; Petroleum Pollution/adverse effects/economics/legislation & ; jurisprudence/*prevention & control ; *Risk Management/trends ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 25
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    Research on global sun block needed now (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-01-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keith, David W -- Parson, Edward -- Morgan, M Granger -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):426-7. doi: 10.1038/463426a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada. keith@ucalgary.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aerosols ; Engineering ; Global Warming/prevention & control ; International Cooperation ; *Radiation Protection/economics/methods ; *Research ; *Solar Energy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 26
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    Communication: Mind the metaphor (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pauwels, Eleonore -- England -- Nature. 2013 Aug 29;500(7464):523-4. doi: 10.1038/500523a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington DC, USA. eleonore.pauwels@wilsoncenter.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23985856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Communication ; Engineering ; *Metaphor ; Public Opinion ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Synthetic Biology ; *Terminology as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 27
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    Developmental biology: Mechanics in the embryo (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-12-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piccolo, Stefano -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 12;504(7479):223-5. doi: 10.1038/504223a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, 35126 Padua, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24336279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Developmental Biology ; Education/*methods ; Engineering ; Genetic Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 28
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    Energy: We need all hands on deck (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, Paul C -- England -- Nature. 2014 Sep 4;513(7516):33. doi: 10.1038/513033b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Research Council, Washington DC, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25186891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Behavior ; Conservation of Energy Resources/*economics/*methods ; Engineering ; *Environmental Policy/economics ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Studies
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 29
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    Hop, skip, jump, or massive leap (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-04-27
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    M.D.-Ph.D. degrees (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1993-12-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gottheil, D L -- Waldrop, T G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1801-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Education, Graduate ; *Education, Medical ; Engineering ; Humanities ; Humans ; Research ; Science ; Social Sciences
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 31
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    Protect U.S. science funding (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2010-11-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1155. doi: 10.1126/science.1200554.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; *Financing, Government ; Policy Making ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 32
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    SPORE series winner. An online community for students who love STEM (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birch, Kristi -- Blackburn, Carol -- Brody, Linda -- Wallace, Patricia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):467-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1196983.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA. kbirch@jhu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Awards and Prizes ; Engineering ; *Internet ; Mathematics ; *Science ; Technology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 33
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    Profile: Zhong You. 'Origami engineer' flexes to create stronger, more agile materials (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merali, Zeeya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1376-7. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6036.1376.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Engineering ; China ; Engineering ; *Equipment Design ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Housing ; Spacecraft ; *Stents
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 34
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    Fast exoskeleton optimization (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-23
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 35
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    Optimum human input (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-23
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    [Book Review] Street smart (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-10-21
    Beschreibung: A physicist reveals the engineering marvels that underlie the modern metropolis Author: Sybil Derrible
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Filtering through to what's important (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-16
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Human-in-the-loop optimization of exoskeleton assistance during walking (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-23
    Beschreibung: Exoskeletons and active prostheses promise to enhance human mobility, but few have succeeded. Optimizing device characteristics on the basis of measured human performance could lead to improved designs. We have developed a method for identifying the exoskeleton assistance that minimizes human energy cost during walking. Optimized torque patterns from an exoskeleton worn on one ankle reduced metabolic energy consumption by 24.2 ± 7.4% compared to no torque. The approach was effective with exoskeletons worn on one or both ankles, during a variety of walking conditions, during running, and when optimizing muscle activity. Finding a good generic assistance pattern, customizing it to individual needs, and helping users learn to take advantage of the device all contributed to improved economy. Optimization methods with these features can substantially improve performance.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Women scientists and engineers: trends in participation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 1981-12-18
    Beschreibung: Women have made tremendous strides in educational attainment in science and engineering over the past decade, increasing their proportion of doctorate awards in these fields from 7 percent in 1965 to 23 percent in 1980. But they still have higher unemployment rates and lower salaries than men in all fields of science and engineering, at all degree levels, and at all levels of experience; and the disparities between men and women widen with higher degree levels and with years of experience. Graduate enrollments indicate continuing increases over at least the next several years in degree awards to women, but their access to equal employment and advancement opportunities is not assured.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vetter, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1313-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Education, Graduate ; Employment ; Engineering ; Female ; Humans ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; *Science ; *Women
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Making the future (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-11-24
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 41
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    Comment on "Water harvesting from air with metal-organic frameworks powered by natural sunlight" (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-12-01
    Beschreibung: Kim et al . (Reports, 28 April 2017, p. 430) presented results for the solar-driven harvesting of water from air via metal-organic frameworks as a prodigious potential advance toward remedying global water shortages. Basic thermodynamics and a survey of multiple off-the-shelf technologies show that their approach is vastly inferior in efficiency (and thereby in feasibility) to available alternatives.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    To frack or not to frack (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-12-01
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 43
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    Response to Comment on "Water harvesting from air with metal-organic frameworks powered by natural sunlight" (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-12-01
    Beschreibung: In their comment, Bui et al . argue that the approach we described in our report is vastly inferior in efficiency to alternative off-the-shelf technologies. Their conclusion is invalid, as they compare efficiencies in completely different operating conditions. Here, using heat transfer and thermodynamics principles, we show how Bui et al .’s conclusions about the efficiencies of off-the-shelf technologies are fundamentally flawed and inaccurate for the operating conditions described in our study.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Coupling between distant biofilms and emergence of nutrient time-sharing (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-12
    Beschreibung: Bacteria within communities can interact to organize their behavior. It has been unclear whether such interactions can extend beyond a single community to coordinate the behavior of distant populations. We discovered that two Bacillus subtilis biofilm communities undergoing metabolic oscillations can become coupled through electrical signaling and synchronize their growth dynamics. Coupling increases competition by also synchronizing demand for limited nutrients. As predicted by mathematical modeling, we confirm that biofilms resolve this conflict by switching from in-phase to antiphase oscillations. This results in time-sharing behavior, where each community takes turns consuming nutrients. Time-sharing enables biofilms to counterintuitively increase growth under reduced nutrient supply. Distant biofilms can thus coordinate their behavior to resolve nutrient competition through time-sharing, a strategy used in engineered systems to allocate limited resources.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Maximizing growth by sharing (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-12
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Flying fast and free (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-09-14
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    [Book Review] Building the future (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-17
    Beschreibung: Engineering has an image problem. The phrase "engineering disaster" rolls off the tongue, while great technical achievements are more often heralded as "scientific miracles." Enter Dream Big. Sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers with support from Bechtel Corporation, the film sets out to reframe engineering as a force for good and a profession in service to people and the planet. Author: Donna Riley
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Behind the scenes of the built environment (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-09
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The art of manufacturing molecules (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-19
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    A cirrus cloud climate dial? (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-21
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Sulfur injections for a cooler planet (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-21
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Turbines can use CO2 to cut CO2 (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-26
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Engineered emotions (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-11-10
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Remote sensing of forest ecosystem dynamics: Measurements and modeling (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: The development of an integrated approach to the modeling of forest dynamics encompassing submodels of forest growth and succession, soil processes and radiation interactions, is reported. Remote sensing technology is a key element of this study in that it provides data for developing, initializing, updating, and validating the models. The objectives are reviewed, the data collected and models in use are discussed, and a framework for studying interactions between the forest growth, soil process and energy interaction components, is described. Remote sensing technology used in the study includes optical and microwave field, aircraft and satellite borne instruments. The types of data collected during intensive field and aircraft campaigns included bidirectional reflectance, thermal emittance and multifrequency, multipolarization synthetic aperture radar backscatter. Synthetic imagery of derived products such as forest biomass and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetative Index), and collections of ground data are being assembled in a georeferenced data base. These data are used to drive or test multidiscipline simulations of forested ecosystems. Enhancements to the modeling environment permit considerable flexibility in configuring simulations and selecting results for reporting and graphical display.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 1005-1012
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    Understanding the biosphere from space: Strategies to exploit remote sensing data (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: The quantitative interpretation of satellite observations requires the use of mathematical tools to extract the desired information on terrestrial environments from the radiation data collected in space. A whole range of approaches can be pursued, from the development of models capable of explaining the nature of the physical signal being measured and of characterizing the state of the system under observation, to the empirical correlations between the variables of interest and the space measurements. The premises and implications of these approaches are outlined, paying special attention to the mathematical and numerical requirements. The role and specific applications of empirical bidirectional reflectance models is also discussed, even though these models do not contribute to the understanding of the theory of radiation transfer or to the assessment of the variables of interest. The advantages and drawbacks of these various approaches and the research priorities for the next few years are discussed in the context of the planned availability of new sensors.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 993-1004
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    Measurement of the fluorescence of crop residues: A tool for controlling soil erosion (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Management of crop residues, the portion of a crop left in the field after harvest, is an important conservation practice for minimizing soil erosion and for improving water quality. Quantification of crop residue cover is required to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation tillage practices. Methods are needed to quantify residue cover that are rapid, accurate, and objective. The fluorescence of crop residue was found to be a broadband phenomenon with emission maxima at 420 to 495 nm for excitations of 350 to 420 nm. Soils had low intensity broadband emissions over the 400 to 690 nm region for excitations of 300 to 600 nm. The range of relative fluorescence intensities for the crop residues was much greater than the fluorescence observed of the soils. As the crop residues decompose their blue fluorescence values approach the fluorescence of the soil. Fluorescence techniques are concluded to be less ambiguous and better suited for discriminating crop residues and soils than reflectance methods. If properly implemented, fluorescence techniques can be used to quantify, not only crop residue cover, but also photosynthetic efficiency in the field.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 855-862
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    Measurement of aerodynamic roughness using radar backscatter over vegetated surfaces (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: The importance of the measurement of wind fields is discussed. Wind regime data can be used to infer the amount and type of wind induced (aerolian) transport of sand and dust, or to establish global circulation models, for example on other planets. Since local measurements are costly and often impossible, it is desired to infer such data from remotely sensed information. A potential mechanism for remotely inferring the wind regime by using synthetic aperture radar data to describe the roughness of the surface is described. A project to estimate the practicality of using such a mechanism is described. An experiment that extends the mechanism to vegetated sites, where the goal is to measure potential for erosion, is reported.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 451-456
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    Radiative transfer code based estimation of atmospheric parameters for inversion of imaging spectrometer measured radiance to apparent surface reflectance (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Surface reflectance is required to quantitatively investigate molecular absorption and particle scattering properties of materials on the Earth's surface. Atmospheric aerosol optical depth, surface pressure and water vapor are required to constrain a radiative transfer code for the inversion of measured spectral radiance to apparent surface reflectance. A suite of algorithms using nonlinear least squares fitting techniques are described that directly estimate these atmospheric parameters from spectral radiance measured by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). The derived atmospheric parameters are used to constrain a radiative transfer code for the inversion of the imaging spectrometer radiance to apparent reflectance. The derived apparent reflectance is validated with respect to in situ measurement on the same target.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 193-200
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  • 59
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    Large area mapping of soil moisture using the ESTAR passive microwave radiometer (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Investigations designed to study land surface hydrologic-atmospheric interactions, showing the potential of L band passive microwave radiometry for measuring surface soil moisture over large areas, are discussed. Satisfying the data needs of these investigations requires the ability to map large areas rapidly. With aircraft systems this means a need for more beam positions over a wider swath on each flightline. For satellite systems the essential problem is resolution. Both of these needs are currently being addressed through the development and verification of Electronically Scanned Thinned Array Radiometer (ESTAR) technology. The ESTAR L band radiometer was evaluated for soil moisture mapping applications in two studies. The first was conducted over the semiarid rangeland Walnut Gulch watershed located in south eastern Arizona (U.S.). The second was performed in the subhumid Little Washita watershed in south west Oklahoma (U.S.). Both tests showed that the ESTAR is capable of providing soil moisture with the same level of accuracy as existing systems.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 467-474
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    Multi-band automatic sun and sky scanning radiometer system for measurement of aerosols (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: A weather resistant automatic scanning Sun photometer system is assessed and demonstrated as practical for measurements of aerosol concentrations and properties at remote sites. Interfaced with a transmitter using the Geostationary Data Collection System (GDCS), the data are processed in near real time. The processing allows a time dependence of the aerosols and water vapor and an ongoing assessment of the health and calibration of the instruments. The system's automatic data acquisition, transmission, and processing offer immediate application to atmospheric monitoring and modeling on a regional to global scale and validation of satellite retrievals. It is estimated that under normal circumstances the retrieved aerosol optical thickness has a network wide accuracy of +/- 0.02 from 340 nm to 1020 nm, water vapor +/- 0.2 cm and size distribution from 0.1 to 3 micrometers.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 75-83
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    Observations with the ROWS instrument during the Grand Banks calibration/validation experiments (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: As part of a global program to validate the ocean surface sensors on board ERS-1, a joint experiment on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland was carried out in Nov. 1991. The principal objective was to provide a field validation of ERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurement of ocean surface structure. The NASA-P3 aircraft measurements made during this experiment provide independent measurements of the ocean surface along the validation swath. The Radar Ocean Wave Spectrometer (ROWS) is a radar sensor designed to measure direction of the long wave components using spectral analysis of the tilt induced radar backscatter modulation. This technique greatly differs from SAR and thus, provides a unique set of measurements for use in evaluating SAR performance. Also, an altimeter channel in the ROWS gives simultaneous information on the surface wave height and radar mean square slope parameter. The sets of geophysical parameters (wind speed, significant wave height, directional spectrum) are used to study the SAR's ability to accurately measure ocean gravity waves. The known distortion imposed on the true directional spectrum by the SAR imaging mechanism is discussed in light of the direct comparisons between ERS-1 SAR, airborne Canadian Center for Remote Sensing (CCRS) SAR, and ROWS spectra and the use of the nonlinear ocean SAR transform.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: ESA, Proceedings of 2nd ERS-1 Symposium on Space at the Service of Our Environment, Volume 2; p 1161-1164
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    Applications of interferometrically derived terrain slopes: Normalization of SAR backscatter and the interferometric correlation coefficient (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Terrain slopes, which can be measured with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry either from a height map or from the interferometric phase gradient, were used to calculate the local incidence angle and the correct pixel area. Both are required for correct thematic interpretation of SAR data. The interferometric correlation depends on the pixel area projected on a plane perpendicular to the look vector and requires correction for slope effects. Methods for normalization of the backscatter and interferometric correlation for ERS-1 SAR are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: ESA, Proceedings of 2nd ERS-1 Symposium on Space at the Service of Our Environment, Volume 2; p 723-726
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    Derivation of terrain slope from SAR interferometric phase gradient (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: The relationship between the gradient of the interferometric phase and the terrain slope, which, it is thought, would allow a derivation of the terrain slopes without phase unwrapping, is presented. A linear relationship between the interferometric phase gradient and the terrain slopes was found. A quantitative error analysis showed that only very small errors are introduced by these approximations for orbital Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) geometries. An example of a slope map for repeat pass interferometry from ERS-1 SAR data is given. A number of direct and indirect applications of the terrain slope are indicated: erosion and avalanche hazard studies, radiometric calibration of SAR data, and normalization of the interferometric correlation coefficient.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: ESA, Proceedings of 2nd ERS-1 Symposium on Space at the Service of Our Environment, Volume 2; p 711-715
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  • 64
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    An ensemble pulsar time (1993)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Millisecond pulsars are galactic objects that exhibit a very stable spinning period. Several tens of these celestial clocks have now been discovered, which opens the possibility that an average time scale may be deduced through a long-term stability algorithm. Such an ensemble average makes it possible to reduce the level of the instabilities originating from the pulsars or from other sources of noise, which are unknown but independent. The basis for such an algorithm is presented and applied to real pulsar data. It is shown that pulsar time could shortly become more stable than the present atomic time, for averaging times of a few years. Pulsar time can also be used as a flywheel to maintain the accuracy of atomic time in case of temporary failure of the primary standards, or to transfer the improved accuracy of future standards back to the present.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, The 24th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Applications and Planning Meeting; p 73-86
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    Active microwaves (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Research on the use of active microwaves in remote sensing, presented during plenary and poster sessions, is summarized. The main highlights are: calibration techniques are well understood; innovative modeling approaches have been developed which increase active microwave applications (segmentation prior to model inversion, use of ERS-1 scatterometer, simulations); polarization angle and frequency diversity improves characterization of ice sheets, vegetation, and determination of soil moisture (X band sensor study); SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometry potential is emerging; use of multiple sensors/extended spectral signatures is important (increase emphasis).
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 1219-1221
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  • 66
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    Fluorescence imaging to quantify crop residue cover (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Crop residues, the portion of the crop left in the field after harvest, can be an important management factor in controlling soil erosion. Methods to quantify residue cover are needed that are rapid, accurate, and objective. Scenes with known amounts of crop residue were illuminated with long wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation and fluorescence images were recorded with an intensified video camera fitted with a 453 to 488 nm band pass filter. A light colored soil and a dark colored soil were used as background for the weathered soybean stems. Residue cover was determined by counting the proportion of the pixels in the image with fluorescence values greater than a threshold. Soil pixels had the lowest gray levels in the images. The values of the soybean residue pixels spanned nearly the full range of the 8-bit video data. Classification accuracies typically were within 3(absolute units) of measured cover values. Video imaging can provide an intuitive understanding of the fraction of the soil covered by residue.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 923-928
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  • 67
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    Computation and use of the reflectivity at 3.75 micrometers from AVHRR thermal channels (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Global study of land surface properties uses AVHRR channels 1 and 2, but channel 3 may be of interest, although its use requires preprocessing. It consists of both a reflective part and an emissive part, the former can be derived from T3, T4 and T5. Since the water vapor affects channel 3, its content is retrieved from the channel 4 and 5 using the split window technique. A formula of reflective part retrieval at 3.75 micrometers is tested in the case of sunglint observations where the emissivities of channels 4 and 5 can be set to the unity. The formula is adapted and validated to land surface using the FIFE-87 data set. Preliminary applications of the reflectance at 3.75 micrometers to the studies of surface properties retrieval, aerosol retrieval over land, and desertic aerosol retrieval, are addressed.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 817-824
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  • 68
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    Observations in the solar spectrum interest for remote sensing purposes (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: The polarization of the sunlight scattered by atmospheric aerosols or cloud droplets and reflected from ground surfaces or plant canopies may convey much information when used for remote sensing purposes. The typical polarization features of aerosols, cloud droplets, and plant canopies, as observed by ground based and airborne sensors, are investigated, looking especially for those invariant properties amenable to description by simple models when possible. The question of polarization measurements from space is addressed. The interest of such measurements for remote sensing purposes is investigated, and their feasibility is tested by using results obtained during field campaigns of the airborne POLDER instrument, a radiometer designed to measure the directionality and polarization of the sunlight scattered by the ground atmosphere system.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 569-580
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  • 69
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    Microwave dielectric properties of boreal forest trees (1993)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: The knowledge of vegetation dielectric behavior is important in studying the scattering properties of the vegetation canopy and radar backscatter modelling. Until now, a limited number of studies have been published on the dielectric properties in the boreal forest context. This paper presents the results of the dielectric constant as a function of depth in the trunks of two common boreal forest species: black spruce and trembling aspen, obtained from field measurements. The microwave penetration depth for the two species is estimated at C, L, and P bands and used to derive the equivalent dielectric constant for the trunk as a whole. The backscatter modelling is carried out in the case of black spruce and the results are compared with the JPL AIRSAR data. The sensitivity of the backscatter coefficient to the dielectric constant is also examined.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: JPL, Summaries of the 4th Annual JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop. Volume 3: AIRSAR Workshop; p 89-92
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  • 70
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    Directional and polarimetric effects in the optical domain (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Papers focused on land surface, atmospheric, and ocean properties are reported. Specific comments pertaining to polarization, models and inversion, and measurements, are given. Recommendations are: continued research into the application potential of the BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) and polarization properties of ground surface and atmospheric targets; three dimensional models, which account for the statistical behavior of remotely sensed data, should be extended and inverted in order to support analysis of data potentially covering rolling terrain such that pixels represent heterogeneous mixtures of surface cover types and project ground footprints with sizes between 10 to 6 km, the ground pixel sizes of planned future sensors; available reflectance models should be further validated by means of multi dimensional (directional, spectral, temporal) field data and existing models should be intercompared in more depth to evaluate their performance and limitations; existing methods for model inversion should be validated in more depth in order to quantify the practical limitations and the expected accuracy of the parameters retrieved and new approaches should be developed based upon apriori knowledge of plant canopy development and spectral BRDF properties; there is a need to establish a protocol of validation and intercomparison of the indices and compositing techniques which have been proposed during these last years.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 1225-1227
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  • 71
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    Application of AI techniques to infer vegetation characteristics from directional reflectance(s) (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Traditionally, the remote sensing community has relied totally on spectral knowledge to extract vegetation characteristics. However, there are other knowledge bases (KB's) that can be used to significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of inference techniques. Using AI (artificial intelligence) techniques a KB system (VEG) was developed that integrates input spectral measurements with diverse KB's. These KB's consist of data sets of directional reflectance measurements, knowledge from literature, and knowledge from experts which are combined into an intelligent and efficient system for making vegetation inferences. VEG accepts spectral data of an unknown target as input, determines the best techniques for inferring the desired vegetation characteristic(s), applies the techniques to the target data, and provides a rigorous estimate of the accuracy of the inference. VEG was developed to: infer spectral hemispherical reflectance from any combination of nadir and/or off-nadir view angles; infer percent ground cover from any combination of nadir and/or off-nadir view angles; infer unknown view angle(s) from known view angle(s) (known as view angle extension); and discriminate between user defined vegetation classes using spectral and directional reflectance relationships developed from an automated learning algorithm. The errors for these techniques were generally very good ranging between 2 to 15% (proportional root mean square). The system is designed to aid scientists in developing, testing, and applying new inference techniques using directional reflectance data.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 581-592
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    Directional radiance measurements: Challenges in the sampling of landscapes (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Most earth surfaces, particularly those supporting natural vegetation ecosystems, constitute structurally and spectrally complex surfaces that are distinctly non-Lambertian reflectors. Obtaining meaningful measurements of the directional radiances of landscapes and obtaining estimates of the complete bidirectional reflectance distribution functions of ground targets with complex and variable landscape and radiometric features are challenging tasks. Reasons for the increased interest in directional radiance measurements are presented, and the issues that must be addressed when trying to acquire directional radiances for vegetated land surfaces from different types of remote sensing platforms are discussed. Priority research emphases are suggested, concerning field measurements of directional surface radiances and reflectances for future research. Primarily, emphasis must be given to the acquisition of more complete and directly associated radiometric and biometric parameter data sets that will empower the exploitation of the 'angular dimension' in remote sensing of vegetation through enabling the further development and rigorous validation of state of the art plant canopy models.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 561-567
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  • 73
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    Three-frequency, polarimetric, airborne SAR observations of the Greenland ice sheet (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the Greenland ice sheet collected by an airborne system clearly reveal the four melting facies of this sheet defined 30 years ago from snow stratigraphy studies by glaciologists. In particular, the radar echoes from the percolation facies have radiometric and polarimetric characteristics that are unique among terrestrial surfaces, but that resemble the exotic radar echoes recorded from the icy Galilean satellites. There, the radar signals interact with subsurface, massive ice features created in the cold, dry snow by seasonal melting and refreezing events. The subsurface features act as efficient reflectors of the incident radiation most likely via internal reflections. In the soaked-snow facies, the radar reflectivity is much lower because radar signals are attenuated by the wetter snow before they can interact with subsurface structures. Inversion algorithms to derive geophysical information from the SAR data are developed in both cases to estimate snow wetness in the soaked-snow facies and the mass of ice water retained in the percolation facies.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 431-436
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  • 74
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    Data pre-processing: Stratospheric aerosol perturbing effect on the remote sensing of vegetation: Correction method for the composite NDVI after the Pinatubo eruption (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: An operational stratospheric correction scheme used after the Mount Pinatubo (Phillipines) eruption (Jun. 1991) is presented. The stratospheric aerosol distribution is assumed to be only variable with latitude. Each 9 days the latitudinal distribution of the optical thickness is computed by inverting radiances observed in the NOAA AVHRR channel 1 (0.63 micrometers) and channel 2 (0.83 micrometers) over the Pacific Ocean. This radiance data set is used to check the validity of model used for inversion by checking consistency of the optical thickness deduced from each channel as well as optical thickness deduced from different scattering angles. Using the optical thickness profile previously computed and radiative transfer code assuming Lambertian boundary condition, each pixel of channel 1 and 2 are corrected prior to computation of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Comparison between corrected, non corrected, and years prior to Pinatubo eruption (1989 to 1990) NDVI composite, shows the necessity and the accuracy of the operational correction scheme.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 151-158
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  • 75
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    Direct and indirect methods for correcting the aerosol effect on remote sensing (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Aspects of aerosol studies and remote sensing are reviewed. Aerosol scatters solar radiation before it reaches the surface and scatters and absorbs it again after it is reflected from the surface and before it reaches the satellite sensor. The effect is spectrally and spatially dependent. Therefore atmospheric aerosol (dust, smoke and air pollution particles) has a significant effect on remote sensing. Correction for the aerosol effect was never achieved on an operational basis though several case studies were demonstrated. Correction can be done in a direct way by deriving the aerosol loading from the image itself and correcting for it using the appropriate radiative transfer model or by an indirect way, by defining remote sensing functions that are less dependent on the aerosol loading. To some degree this was already achieved in global remote sensing of vegetation where a composite of several days of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) measurements, choosing the maximal value, was used instead of a single cloud screened value. The Atmospheric Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI) introduced recently for the NASA Earth Observing System EOS-MODIS is the most appropriate example of indirect correction, where the index is defined in such a way that the atmospheric effect in the blue spectral channel cancels to a large degree the atmospheric in the red channel in computations of a vegetation index. Atmospheric corrections can also use aerosol climatology and ground based instrumentation.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 7-19
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  • 76
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    High spectral resolution in the solar spectrum (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: A session dedicated to high spectral resolution in the solar spectrum, covering topics of calibration, atmospheric correction, geology/pedology, inland water, and vegetation, is reported. The session showed a high degree of diversity in the topics and the approaches used. It was highlighted that high spectral resolution data could provide atmospherically corrected ground level calibrated reflectance values. Important advances were shown in the use of radiative transfer models applied either on water bodies or vegetation. Several studies highlighted the high degree of redundancy contained in high spectral resolution data.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 1217-1218
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    Calculations of the outflow velocity of envelopes of cool giants (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We study the transfer of momentum from photons to dust grains to (molecular) gas in the outflow around cool giants (carbon-stars, Mira variables and OH/IR stars) beyond the radius where the dust grains condense. The problem is circular: radiation pressure determines the outflow velocity of the dust and thus also the dust density; on the other hand the dust density determines, via radiative transfer effects, the spectrum of the photons and thus the effective radiation pressure. This circular problem is solved by a rapidly converging iterative procedure. We compare our predictions with observed properties of a large sample of OH/IR stars and of Miras and find a good qualitative and quantitative agreement. We confirm a conclusion by Wood et al. (1993) that very luminous OH/IR stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) owe their low outflow velocity to the low dust-to-gas ratio, a consequence of the low metallicity of the LMC. Similarly we consider a sample of about 100 OH/IR stars within 200 pc from the galactic center that has an average asymptotic giant branch (AGB) luminosity and an uncommonly high value of v(sub out); we conclude that these stars are probably very metal rich, perhaps even more than the stars in the Baade window studied by Rich (1990).
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 286; 2; p. 523-534
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    The relationship between the magnetic field in the Martian magnetotail and upstream solar wind parameters (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Magnetic field data measured by the MAGMA instrument in the Martian magnetotail lobes are compared with the ram pressure of the upstream solar wind observed by the TAUS instrument in the circular orbits of the Phobos 2 spacecraft. High correlation was found between the magnetic field intensity in the Martian magnetotail lobes and the solar wind ram pressure. From this relationship the average flaring angle of the Martian magnetotail was determined as approximately 13 deg, and the average magnetosonic Mach number was estimated as approximately 5. The observed relationship between the Martian magnetotail magnetic field intensity and the solar wind magnetic field reflects the correlation of the solar wind magnetic field to the ram pressure providing a value of approximately 7 for the average Alfvenic Mach number. The flaring angle obtained for the Martian magnetotail was found to be an intermediate value between the flaring angle of the magnetotail of the Earth and that of Venus at comparable distances.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A9; p. 17,199-17,204
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    Focused interplanetary transport of approximately 1 MeV solar energetic protons through self-generated Alfven waves (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We present a model of the focused transport of approximately 1 MeV solar energetic protons through interplanetary Alfven waves that the protons themselves amplify or damp. It is based on the quasi-linear theory but with a phenomenological pitch angle diffusion coefficient in the 'resonance gap.' For initial Alfven wave distributions that give mean free paths greater than approximately 0.5 AU for approximately 1 MeV protons in the inner heliosphere, the model predicts greater than roughly an order of magnitude amplification (damping) in the outward (inward) propagating resonant Alfven waves at less than or approximately equal to o.3 AU heliocentric distance. As the strength of proton source is increased, the peak differential proton intensity at approximately 1 MeV at 1 AU increases to a maximum of approximately 250 particles (/(sq cm)(s)(sr)(MeV)) and then decreases slowly. It may be attenuated by a factor of 5 or more relative to the case without wave evolution, provided that the proton source is sufficiently intense that the resulting peak differential intensity of approximately 1 MeV protons at 1 AU exceeds approximately 200 particles (/(sq cm)(s)(sr)(MeV)). Therefore, in large solar proton events, (1) one may have to take into account self-amplified waves in studying solar particle propagation, (2) the number of accelerated protons escaping from a flare or interplanetary shock may have been underestimated in past studies by a significant factor, and (3) accelerated protons escaping from a traveling interplanetary shock at r less than or approximately equal to 0.3 AU should amplify the ambient hydromagnetic waves siginificantly to make the shock an efficient accelerator, even if initially the mean free path is greater than or approximately equal to 1 AU.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 424; 2; p. 1032-1048
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    One-photon annihilation of thermal positrons with bound atomic electrons (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Direct one-photon annihilation rate of positrons with a bound atomic electron is evaluated in the nonrelativistic limit. The K- and L-shell contributions are estimated including the screening and effective Coulomb repulsion effects. The annihilation rate of thermal positrons is calculated for various temperatures. The total number of one-photon annihilation events in the interstellar medium is discussed. These results provide the directional and structural information for cosmic gamma-ray sources.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 424; 2; p. 988-990
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    Origin of tektites (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The origin of tektites has been obscure because of the following dilemma. The application of physical principles to the data available on tektites points strongly to origin from one or more lunar volcanoes; but few glasses of tektite composition have hitherto been reported from the lunar samples. Instead, the lunar silicic glasses consist chiefly of a material very rich in K2O and poor in MgO. The ratio of K2O/MgO is higher in these glasses than in any tektites reported. The solution of the dilemma seems to come from the study of some recently discovered terrestrial deposits of tektite glass with high values of K2O/MgO at the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary. These glasses are found to be very vulnerable to crystallization into sandine or to alteration to smectite. These end products are known and are more abundant than any terrestrial deposits of tektite glass. It seems possible that, in fact, the moon produces tektite glass, mostly of the high K2O-low MgO type; but on Earth these deposits are destroyed. The much less abundant deposits with lower K and higher Mg are observed because they survive. Other objections to the lunar origin hypothesis appear to be answerable.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 29; 1; p. 73-78
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    Radiative shock overstability of finite-sized objects (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We investigate the radiative shock overstability for finite-sized objects. We follow the analysis of Chevalier & Imamura (1982), but we take into account the transverse flow of material out of the potshock region. The mass loss from the postshock region stabilizes the flow. As a rough estimate, the shock radiative instability takes place when the shock wave position with no radiative cooling (only mass loss present) is larger than the shock position with no mass loss (only radiative cooling present). For typical conditions of planetary nebulae we find that in order for the shock radiative overstability to occur, the nebular radius should be R approximately less than 10(exp 19) n(sub a)(exp -1) cm, where n(sub alpha) is the total number density of the interstellar medium (in units of cm(exp -3). We give several examples of interacting planetary nebulae in light of this condition.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 434; 1; p. 262-267
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    Spectral absorption-coefficient data on HCFC-22 and SF6 for remote-sensing applications (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Spectral absorption-coefficients (cross-sections) kappa(sub nu) (/cm/atm) have been measured in the 7.62, 8.97, and 12.3 micrometer bands of HCFC-22 (CHClF2) and the 10.6 micrometer bands of SF6 employing a high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometer. Temperature and total pressure have been varied to simulate conditions corresponding to tropospheric and stratospheric layers in the atmosphere. The kappa(sub nu) are compared with values measured by us previously using a tunable diode laser spectrometer and with the appropriate entries in HITRAN and GEISA, two of the databases known to the atmospheric scientist. The measured absolute intensities of the bands are compared with previously published values.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-4073); 52; 3-4; p. 323-332
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    Mass loading and velocity diffusion models for heavy pickup ions at comet Grigg-Skjellerup (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We compare model predictions of cometary water group ion densities and the solar wind slow down with measurements made by the Giotto Johnstone plasma analyzer implanted ion sensor at the encounter with comet Grigg-Skjellerup (G-S) on July 10, 1992. The observed slope of the ion density profile on approach to the comet is unexpectedly steep. Possible explanations for this are discussed. We present also a preliminary investigation of the quasilinear velocity-space diffusion of the implanted heavy ion population at G-S using a transport equation including souce, convection, adiabatic compression, and velocity diffusion terms. Resulting distributions are anisotropic, in agreement with observations. We consider theoretically the waves that may be generated by the diffusion process for the observed solar wind conditions. At initial ion injections, waves are generated at omega approximately Omega(sub i) the ion gyrofrequency, and lower frequencies are predicted for diffusion toward a bispherical shell.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A12; p. 20,995-21,002
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    Mirror modes and fast magnetoacoustic waves near the magnetic pileup boundary of comet P/Halley (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Large-amplitude ultralow-frequency wave structure observed on both sides of the magnetic pileup boundary of comet P/Halley during the flyby of the Giotto spacecraft have been analyzed using suprathermal electron density and magnetic field observations. Upstream of the boundary, electron density and magnetic field magnitude variations are anticorrelated, while in the pileup region these quantities are clearly correlated. Both in front of and behind the pileup boundary the observed waves are quasi-perpendicular wave structures as a minimum variance analysis shows. A detailed comparison of our observations in the prepileup region with theoretical and numerical results shows that the mirror mode mode waves may have been generated by a mirror instability driven by the pressure anisotropy of the ring-type distributions of the heavy (water group) pickup cometary ions.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A12; p. 20,955-20,964
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  • 86
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    Spectral study of GX 339-4 in the low-intensity state observed with Ginga (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The energy spectra of the black-hole candidate GX 339-4 in the low-intensity state were observed on four occasions through 1989 to 1991 with the Large Area Counter on board the Ginga satellite. The spectra showed significant deviations from a power-law, with an iron K(sub alpha) emission line at approximetaly 6.4 keV and a broad iron K-edge structure above approximately 7 keV. The enrgy spectra above approximately 4 keV were successfully explained with a reflection model, in which part of the incident X-rays with a power-law spectrum is Compton reflected by optically thick matter, resulting in a harder continuum component with iron K-edge absorption and an iron flourescent line. The line equivalent width with respect to the reflection component decreases as the source flux increases. This is consistent with an increase in the ionization state of the material, so that resonant absorption followed by Auger ionization depletes the line. The photon-index of the power-law component was clearly variable, and it correlated with the relative amount of the reflection component. Such a correlation may be explained in the context of the anisotropic Comptonization models of Haardt et al. (1993), or by a variation of the relative geometry of the source and disk.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN 0004-6264); 46; 1; p. 107-115
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  • 87
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    Possible radio wave precursors associated with the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9/Jupiter impacts (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We suggest that prior to its impact with Jupiter, comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 will behave as an electrical generator in the Jovian magnetosphere, converting planetary rotational energy to electrical energy via a dust/plasma interaction. This electrical energy will then be deposited in the dayside auroral region where it may drive various auroral phenomena including cyclotron radio emission. Such emission could be detected by spacecraft like Ulysses and Galileo many hours prior to the actual comet impact with the upper atmosphere. We apply the theory originally developed to explain the spokes in Saturn's rings. This theory allows us to quantify the driving potential associated with the comet and, consequently, to determine the radio power created in the auroral region. We conclude that if enough fine dust is present in the cometary system, comet-induced auroral radio emissions will reach detectable levels. This emission should be observable in the dayside hemisphere about 12-24 hours prior to each fragment impact.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 11; p. 1067-1070
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  • 88
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    Cosmic microwave background dipole spectrum measured by the COBE FIRAS instrument (1994)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) instrument on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) has determined the dipole spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) from 2 to 20/cm. For each frequency the signal is decomposed by fitting to a monopole, a dipole, and a Galactic template for approximately 60% of the sky. The overall dipole spectrum fits the derivative of a Planck function with an amplitude of 3.343 +/- 0.016 mK (95% confidence level), a temperature of 2.714 +/- 0.022 K (95% confidence level), and an rms deviation of 6 x 10(exp -9) ergs/sq cm/s/sr cm limited by a detector and cosmic-ray noise. The monopole temperature is consistent with that determined by direct measurement in the accompanying article by Mather et al.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 420; 2; p. 445-449
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  • 89
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    Relative emission-line strengths for the 146 and 63 micron transitions in O I and a comparison with far-infrared observations of photodissociation regions (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Theoretical O I density-sensitive emission-line ratios R = I(2s(sup 2))(2p(sup 4))((sup 3)P(sub 0))-((2s(sup 2))(2p(sup 4))((sup 3)P(sub 1)))/I((2s(sup 2))(2p(sup 4))((sup 3)P(sub 1))-(2s(sup 2))(2p(sup 4))((sup 3)P(sub 2))) = I(146 micrometers)/I(63 micrometers) are presented for a range of temperatures (T = 100-10,000 K), neutral hydrogen densities (N(sub H) = 10(exp -2) to 10(exp 7)/cu cm) and radiation fields (G(sub 0) = 1-10(exp 6)) applicable to both photodissociation regions (PDRs) and H II regions and the diffuse ionized medium (DIM). The observed values of R for several PDRs, measured from far-infrared spectra obtained with the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), imply hydrogen densities which are in good agreement with those determined using other methods. This provides observational support for the validity of the theoretical O I line ratios, and hence the atomic data used in their derivation.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 434; 2; p. 811-815
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  • 90
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    Detection of the overtone of the 3.3 micron emission feature in IRAS 21282+5050 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The 1.6-1.8 micron spectrum of the planetary nebula, IRAS 21282+5050, a strong emitter of the unidentified interstellar bands, contains a 0.02 micron wide eimission feature centered at 1.680 micron, which is well matched by laboratory spectra of the 0-2 CH stretching mode in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We identify the new feature as the overtone of the well-known 3.3 micron band. In view of the high excitation required for emission in this band, the identification indicates that the emission is by free molecules rather than molecular moieties in solid dust grains. Modeling of the intensity ratio of the 2-0 to 1-0 band implied that the PAHs emitting in these bands contain about 60 carbon atoms. It is inferred that the nu = 2-1 hot band of the CH stretching mode occurs at about 3.43 micron and contributes to the long-wavelength shoulder of the 3.40 micron feature. The main 3.40 micron feature probably is due to aliphatic sidegroups on PAH molecules.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 434; 1; p. L15-L18
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  • 91
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    Nonlinear stability of Halley comethosheath with transverse plasma motion (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Weakly nonlinear Magneto Hydrodynamic (MHD) stability of the Halley cometosheath determined by the balance between the outward ion-neutral drag force and the inward Lorentz force is investigated including the transverse plasma motion as observed in the flanks with the help of the method of multiple scales. The eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions are obtained for the linear problem and the time evolution of the amplitude is obtained using the solvability condition for the solution of the second order problem. The diamagnetic cavity boundary and the adjacent layer of about 100 km thickness is found unstable for the travelling waves of certain wave numbers. Halley ionopause has been observed to have strong ripples with a wavelength of several hundred kilometers. It is found that nonlinear effects have stabilizing effect.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X); 222; 1-2; p. 113-125
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  • 92
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    Molecular rotational line profiles from oxygen-rich red giant winds (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We have developed a radiative transfer model of the dust and gas envelopes around late-type stars. The gas kinetic temperature for each star is calculated by solving equations of motion and the energy balance simultaneously. The main processes include viscous heating and adiabatic and radiative cooling. Heating is dominated by viscosity as the grains stream outward through the gas, with some contribution in oxygen-rich stars by near-IR pumping of H2O followed by collisional de-excitation in the inner envelope. For O-rich stars, rotational H2O cooling is a dominant mechanism in the middle part of the envelope, with CO cooling being less significant. We have applied our model to three well-studied oxygen-rich red giant stars. The three stars cover a wide range of mass-loss rates, and hence they have different temperature structures. The derived temperature structures are used in calculating CO line profiles for these objects. Comparison of the dust and gas mass-loss rates suggests that mass-loss rates are not constant during the asymptotic giant branch phase. In particular, the results show that the low CO 1-0 antenna temperatures of OH/IR stars reflect an earlier phase of much lower mass-loss rate.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 435; 2; p. 852-863
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  • 93
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    SiS2 in circumstellar shells (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Solid state SiS2 is proposed as the material responsible for the recently discovered 21 micrometer emission feature that is observed in the carbon-rich circumstellar shells of certain protoplanetary nebulae. Sulfurized SiC, or SiS2 mantles on grains of either SiC or a:C-H are discussed as possible forms for which no spectroscopic laboratory observations yet exist. The identification with a relatively minor species and required special abundance ratios are consistent with the low incidence rate that the 21 micrometer feature presents in the population of carbon rich objects. It is also consistent with the lack of a good correlation between the 21 micrometer feature and the other solid-state spectroscopic features that have been observed in protoplanetaries that would be expected if the feature arose from molecules composed of H, C, N, and O. SiS2 condensate is consistent with the circumstellar shell temperature range, T(sub CS) approximately equal to or less than 150 K, at which the feature appears, and the available mass of SiS2, M(sub SiS2) approx. = 5 x 10(exp -6) solar mass, that is possible in the circumstellar shell.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 278; 1; p. 226-230
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  • 94
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    Gamma-ray and millimeter-wave emissions from the 1991 June X-class solar flares (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We have studied the spectacular 1991 June X-class flares using gamma-ray data from the Charged Particle Detectors (CPDs) of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) and 80 GHz millimeter data from Nobeyama, Japan. The CPDs were the only CGRO instrument that did not saturate during the extremely intense 1991 June 4 flare. We have shown that for this flare the CPDs respond to MeV photons, most of which are due to bremsstrahlung produced by relativistic electrons at the Sun. We have further shown that the gamma-ray and millimeter observations agree numerically if the 80 GHz radiation is gyrosynchrotron radiation produced by trapped electrons and the gamma rays are thick-target bremsstrahlung due to electrons precipitating out of the trap. The requirement that the trapping time obtained from the numerical comparison be consistent with the observed time profiles implies a magnetic field between about 200 and 300 G and an electron spectral index between about 3 to 5. By comparing the CPD observations with both the 80 GHz data and nuclear line data from the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) and the Oriented Scintillation Spectroscopy Experiment (OSSE) on CGRO for the flares of June 4, 6, 9, and 11, we found that the ratio of the CPD counts to both the millimeter flux densities and the nuclear line fluences decreases with decreasing flare heliocentric angle. All of these flares were produced in the same active region. We interpreted this result in terms of a loop model in which the gyrosynchrotron emission is produced in the coronal portion of the loop where the electrons are kept isotropic by pitch angle scattering due to plasma turbulence, while the bremsstrahlung is produced by precipitating electrons that interact anisotropically. We found that the trapping time in the coronal portion is time dependent, reaching a minimum of about 10 s at the peak of the CPD count rate. We suggested the damping of the turbulence as a possible reason for the variation of the trapping time. turbulence as a possible reason for the variation of the trapping time.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 436; 2; p. 941-949
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  • 95
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    Implications of the BATSE data for a helocentric origin of gamma-ray bursts (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Several possible models have been suggested to explain the observed distribution of gamma-ray bursts: heliocentric distributions such as the Oort cloud, large galactic halos, and cosmological models. We report here on an investigation into the implications of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) gamma-ray burst distribution (Meegan et al. 1992a) data on the possible helocentric origin of gamma-ray bursts. We find no statistically significant anisotropy in the angular distribution of the bursts in a Sun-referenced coordinate system; there is no dipole moment in the direction of the Sun, and no quardrupole moment associated with the ecliptic plane. We have employed direct analytic calculations and Monte Carlo simulations of sources in the Oort cloud to constrain possible helicentric burst distributions. These can produce distributions consistent with the observed angular isotropy, the meal value of V/V(sub max), and the observed C/C(sub min) distribution of BATSE, and provide limits to burst energy of a few times approximately 10(exp 27) ergs. However, the agreement of the heliocentric C/C(sub min) distributions with the BATSE data is attributable to the relatively limited sampling of strong, nearby bursts. These bursts are known from observation to be homogeneously distributed, yet the density of sources in the Oort cloud is not constant in this region. Integral number-intensity distributions from the Oort cloud for larger numbers of bursts cannot reproduce the known homogeneity of the strong bursts without modification to the computed cometary number density and are therefore unlikely explanations of the gamma-ray burst distribution.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 429; 1; p. 319-324
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  • 96
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    ASCA observations of the warm absorber in MCG-6-30-15: The discovery of a change in column density (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We report the first X-ray observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15 obtained at medium spectral resolution. The partially-ionized, 'warm' absorber is resolved and shown to be due to O VII and O VIII. The main absorption edge agrees with that of O VII at the redshift of the galaxy to within 1%. The column density of the absorbing material is greater by a factor of 2 in the first of our two obsevations, which were 3 weeks apart, while the mean flux is slightly lower and the ionization parameter slightly higher. We also discuss the flourescent iron emssion line seen in the source, which is at 6.40 keV. The line is significantly broadened, with a Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of about 0.4 keV.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN 0004-6264); 46; 3; p. L59-L63
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  • 97
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    Crystallography of rare galactic honeycomb structure near supernova 1987a (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Near supernova 1987a, the rare honeycomb structure of 20-30 galactic bubbles measures 30 x 90 light years. Its remarkable regularity in bubble size suggests a single-event origin which may correlate with the nearby supernova. To test the honeycomb's regularity in shape and size, the formalism of statistical crystallography is developed here for bubble sideness. The standard size-shape relations (Lewis's law, Desch's law, and Aboav-Weaire's law) govern area, perimeter and nearest neighbor shapes. Taken together, they predict a highly non-equilibrium structure for the galactic honeycomb which evolves as a bimodal shape distribution without dominant bubble perimeter energy.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X); 220; 1; p. 65-74
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  • 98
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    X-ray and gamma-ray emission of Sagittarius A* as a wind-accreting black hole (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: If, as many believe, Sgr A* is a massive black hole at the Galactic center, one should expect it to be a source of X-ray and gamma-ray activity, behaving basically as a scaled-down active galactic nucleus. An unavoidable source of accretion is the wind from IRS 16, a nearby group of hot, massive stars. Since the density and velocity of the accreting matter are known from observations, the accretion rate is basically a function of the putative black hole mass, M(sub h), only; this value represents a reliable lower limit to a real rate, given the other possible sources of accreting matter. Based on this and on the theories about shock acceleration in active galactic nuclei, we have estimated the expected production of relativistic particles and their hard radiation. These values turn out to be a function of M(sub h) as well. Comparing our results with available X-ray and gamma-ray observations which show Sgr A* to have a relatively low activity level, we conclude tentatively that the putative black hole in the Galactic center cannot have a mass greater than approximately 6 x 10(exp 3) solar mass. This conclusion is consistent with the upper limits to the black hole mass found by different methods earlier, although much more work is needed to make calculations of shock acceleration around black holes more reliable.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 426; 2; p. 599-603
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  • 99
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    The peak brightness of SN 1937C in IC 4182 and the Hubble constant (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The light curve of the Type Ia supernova SN 1937C (in IC 4182) is important because Sandage et al. have measured a distance to the host galaxy by means of Cepheid variables and thus have derived the Hubble constant. However, the peak brightness of SN 1937C has only been derived with the relatively poor original comparison star brightnesses and without regard to a large body of data in the literature. In this paper, I will correct these and other procedural difficulties. I find that the late time photographic light curve appears to have a broken exponential decay with equivalent half-lives of 46 and 58 days with the break near 300 days after maximum. I also find that the peak B-magnitude was 8.71 +/- 0.14 on JD 2428770.0 +/- 1.0 at which time the B-V was -0.03 +/- 0.13. With these improved peak brightnesses, the distance modulus of Sandage et al., and peak absolute magnitudes in the center of the range of modern estimates, I derive the Hubble constant to be 50 km/s Mpc.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 426; 2; p. 493-501
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  • 100
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    A new way to make Thorne-Zytkow objects (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We have found a new way to make Thorne-Zytkow objects, which are massive stars with degenerate neutron cores. The asymmetric kick given to the neutron star formed when the primary of a massive tight binary system explodes as a supernova sometimes has the appropriate direction and amplitude to place the newly formed neutron star into a bound orbit with a pericenter distance smaller than the radius of the secondary. Consequently, the neutron star becomes embedded in the secondary. Thorne-Zytkow objects are expected to look like extreme M-type supergiants, assuming that they can avoid a runaway neutrino instability. Accretion onto the embedded neutron star will produce either an isolated, spun-up neutron star (possibly a short-period pulsar) or a black hole. Whether neutron star or black hole remnants predominate depends on the lifetime of Thorne-Zytkow objects, the accretion rates involved, and the maximum neutron star mass, none of which are definitively understood.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 423; 1; p. L19-L22
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