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  • Articles  (20)
  • Other Sources  (31)
  • IntechOpen
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 2020-2024  (51)
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  • Books  (10,151)
  • Articles  (20)
  • Other Sources  (31)
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  • 1
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    Tundra conservation challenged by forest expansion in a complex mountainous treeline ecotone as revealed by spatially explicit tree aboveground biomass modeling (2023)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  EPIC3Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, Taylor & Francis, 55(1), pp. 2220208-2220208, ISSN: 1523-0430
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: The subarctic forest tundra transition zone is one of the most vulnerable ecological regions worldwide and susceptible to climate change. Forest changes could lead to biodiversity losses when tundra areas become colonized. However, the impact of complex landscapes with barriers and channels for seed dispersal is highly understudied. Hence, we investigated potential tree aboveground biomass (AGB) change in mountainous central Chukotka (Siberia) with the individual-based spatially explicit vegetation model Larix vegetation simulator (LAVESI). In a climate sensitivity study, we simulate forest dynamics until 3000 CE for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) with and without hypothetical cooling after 2300 CE to twentieth-century levels. The current state and spatiotemporal dynamics of tree AGB are validated against field and satellite-derived data. Our results suggest densification of existing tree stands and a lagged forest expansion depending on the distance to the current tree line (~39 percent of the total study area, RCP 8.5) under all considered climate scenarios. In scenarios with cooling after 2300 CE, forests stopped expanding and then gradually retreated to their pre-twenty-first-century position (~10 percent, RCP 8.5). However, forest remnants remain in the colonized area, leaving an imprint of forests in former tundra areas, which will likely have an adverse impact on tundra biodiversity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    The Dunedin Volcanic Group and a revised model for Zealandia's alkaline intraplate volcanism (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: The intraplate rocks of the Dunedin Volcanic Group (DVG) in New Zealand’s South Island erupted in two discrete areas between 25 and 21 Ma before becoming distributed over 〉 7,800 km2 until ∼9 Ma. Although most eruptive centres were of small volume and mainly vented alkaline basanite, the largest centre–the 16–11 Ma composite Dunedin Volcano–discharged basanite and basalt through to trachyte and phonolite. DVG components were mainly derived from mantle sources with 87Sr/86Sr = ∼0.7029, 143Nd/144Nd = ∼0.5129, 206Pb/204Pb = ∼20.0, 207Pb/204Pb = ∼15.65, 208Pb/204Pb = 39.5 and εHf = +3.5 to + 10.1 that extended to anomalously light δ26Mg (−0.47). Exceptions are some potassic basalts in NW of the field with elevated 207Pb/204Pb and more radiogenic Sr. The DVG Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes mostly overlap with metasomatised anhydrous mantle peridotite xenoliths but have less radiogenic Hf, meaning that equivalent anhydrous mantle rock-types cannot be the sole magma sources. Although there is debate regarding whether DVG was derived from the lithospheric or asthenospheric mantle, intermittent melting of a middle lithospheric mantle metasomatised by hydrous asthenosphere-derived melts could account for: (1) the widely distributed magmatism for ∼16 Myr during which time Otago lithosphere shifted NW ∼ 870 km over the asthenosphere; (2) the small chemical range of the least evolved magmas; (3) the Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic range; and (4) an absence of lower lithosphere mantle xenoliths. This process could account for other occurrences of isotopically restricted Zealandia alkaline intraplate volcanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: 510-529
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Dunedin volcanic Group ; intraplate ; alkaline ; volcanism ; Zealandia ; Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Drivers of winter ice formation on Arctic water bodies in the Lena Delta, Siberia (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  EPIC3Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, Taylor & Francis, 56(1), pp. 2350546-2350546, ISSN: 1523-0430
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Description: Arctic landscapes are characterized by diverse water bodies, which are covered with ice for most of the year. Ice controls surface albedo, hydrological properties, gas exchange, and ecosystem services, but freezing processes differ between water bodies. We studied the influence of geomor-phology and meteorology on winter ice of water bodies in the Lena Delta, Siberia. Electrical conductivity (EC) and stable water isotopes of ice cores from four winters and six water bodies were measured at unprecedented resolution down to 2-cm increments, revealing differences in freezing systems. Open-system freezing shows near-constant isotopic and EC gradients in ice, whereas closed-system freezing shows decreasing isotopic composition with depth. Lena River ice displays three zones of isotopic composition within the ice, reflecting open-system freezing that records changing water sources over the winter. The isotope composition of ice covers in landscape units of different ages also reflects the individual water reservoir settings (i.e., Pleistocene vs. Holocene ground ice thaw). Ice growth models indicate that snow properties are a dominant determinant of ice growth over winter. Our findings provide novel insights into the winter hydro-chemistry of Arctic ice covers, including the influences of meteorology and water body geomor-phology on freezing rates and processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Physiology of Reproduction in Porifera (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Sponges (Porifera) are one of the most ancient animals present on the planet. They are aquatic, filter-feeding sessile metazoans that rely on asexual and sexual reproduction. These animals have a long history on Earth and had plenty of time to develop different reproductive strategies. Here, we review different aspects of the physiology of reproduction in Porifera. This chapter is divided into six sections. In the first section, we present general features of sponge reproduction, such as factors that trigger the onset of their reproduction, as well as the periodicity of their reproductive cycles. The molecular basis of the hormonal control of gametogenesis is presented although sponges have no endocrine system. The second section deals with gametogenesis, 2including how sex and the germline are determined and maintained in this group, how oocytes and spermatozoa are formed and nourished, and how they behave once released. The third section reviews different topics about the reproductive mode. Here, we discuss the dichotomy in reproductive mode: oviparity vs. viviparity, the spatial distribution of the reproductive elements in the sponge tissue, the effect of symbiosis in reproduction (and vice-versa), and energetic trade-offs during reproduction. The fourth section describes fertilization, and we cover the factors controlling the spawning events and how the sperm are attracted and recognized by the egg. The diversity of developmental modes, the molecular control of sponge embryonic development, and the maternal-embryo relationship are discussed in the fifth section. Finally, in the sixth section, the types of asexual reproduction, factors influencing budding, gemmulation, hibernation, and gemmule development are described. Knowledge about the physiology of reproduction of sponges is still fragmentary and based on studies in very few species. Consequently, there are many generalizations that need further investigation. However, evidence-based on morphological, experimental, and molecular data demonstrates that their physiology is not very different from that of other metazoans
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Against the budget view in climate ethics (2022)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: The extent of our duties to mitigate climate change is commonly conceptualized in terms of temperature goals like the 1.5°C and the 2°C target and corresponding emissions budgets. While I do acknowledge the political advantages of any framework that is relatively easy to understand, I argue that this particular framework does not capture the true extent of our mitigation duties. Instead I argue for a more differentiated approach that is based on the well-known distinction between subsistence and luxury emissions. At the heart of this approach lies the argument that we have no budget of substantial, net-positive luxury emissions left. In a world in which dangerous climate change has begun, we must expect all further substantial, net-positive luxury emissions to cause harm. Since they lack the kind of justification needed for them to be nevertheless permissible, I conclude that we must stop emitting them with immediate effect. I also briefly discuss the difficult case of subsistence emissions and offer some first thoughts on the morality of a third category of emissions, what I call ‘transition emissions’.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    GPR investigations at San Nicolò Church: a case-study from the 1669 eruption in the old settlement of Misterbianco (Etna, Sicily) (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Misterbianco, located on the southern slope of Mt. Etna (eastern Sicily), was destroyed in the past by two catastrophic events that raised the old town to the ground. The first was the great eruption of 1669, whose lava front buried dozens of villages encountered along its path, entirely destroying the architectural heritage of Etna's southern flank. The second event was the disastrous 1693 Val di Noto earthquake, which caused major destruction throughout south-eastern Sicily, also damaging the few still standing buildings in the town. The GPR survey performed at this site, 350 years after the eruption, allowed a first attempt of planimetric reconstruction of the San Nicolò Church. Starting from the site history, we present the results of an integrated approach that involves history, volcanology and geophysics aimed at addressing future archaeological excavations for the protection of archaeological and monumental assets in a difficult setting as this volcanic environment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 42-50
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: GPR, SfM,cultural heritage,Etna, 1669 eruption ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Wavelet-like denoising of GNSS data through machine learning. Application to the time series of the Campi Flegrei volcanic area (Southern Italy) (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The great potential of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in monitoring ground deformation is widely recognized. As with other geophysical data, GNSS time series can be significantly noisy, hiding elusive ground deformation signals. Several denoising techniques have been proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio over the years. One of the most effective denoising techniques has been proved to be multi-resolution decomposition through the discrete wavelet transform. However, wavelet analysis requires long data sets to be effective, as well as long computation times, that hinder its use as a real or near real-time monitoring tool. We propose training by a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform the equivalent of wavelet analysis to overcome these limitations. Once trained, the CNN model provides answers within seconds, making it feasible as a real-time data analysis tool. Our Machine Learning algorithm is tested on daily GNSS time series collected in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy), which is a highly volcanic risk area. Without significant gaps, the retrieved RMSE and R2 values vary in the ranges 0.65–0.98 and 0.06–0.52 cm, respectively. These results are encouraging, as they hint at the possibility of applying this methodology in more effective real-time monitoring solutions for active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2187271
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.06. Methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Geology of the lower Belice River valley, epicentral area of the M 〉 5 1968 seismic sequence (south-western Sicily, Italy) (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: We present a new 1:25,000-scale geological map of the lower Belice River valley, the area struck by the M 〉 5.0 devastating 1968 seismic sequence, whose seismic source and seismotectonic framework are still controversial. The map, utilizing dating methods and traditional field survey approaches integrated by high-resolution topography, provides an unprecedented detail and precision on the spatial distribution and on the compressional growth geometries of the prominent sedimentary sequence. This map, supported by the first recognition of an on-shore Chibanian-Calabrian deposition and by identifying a flight of marine terraces, offers new insights on the long-lasting syn-depositional tectonic forces up to late-Pleistocene-Holocene times. Such tectonic forces may take part in the regional ongoing deformational phase, prompting detailed studies on the potential seismic sources affecting the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2242725
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Active tectonics ; Biostratigraphy ; Quaternary deposit ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Vents opening susceptibility map of the Colli Albani long dormant volcano (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Despite their protracted periods of inactivity, long-dormant volcanoes may be highly hazardous, as their reactivation can be characterized by violent explosive eruptions. An example of such volcanoes is the Colli Albani caldera, onto which deposits Rome Capital City is built, Italy. Its last volcanic activity was characterized by voluminous maar-forming phreatomagmatic eruptions dated between 36 and 25ka, but the volcano has produced several maar lake overflows during the Holocene till historical times. Presently, Colli Albani is affected by recurrent seismic events, anomalous heat flow, ground uplifts, hydrothermal circulation and gas emissions. For these reasons, the Italian Civil Protection has recently listed Colli Albani among the ten active volcanoes of Italy, but products for the evaluation of its volcanic hazards lacking. This work presents the first study on vent opening susceptibility mapping at Colli Albani. We explore the potential of an available geological dataset for building, through geographic information system analysis, an index that classifies areas at different vents opening susceptibility (low, moderate and high). Such result highlights as a solid geological mapping is a prerequisite for the volcanic hazard assessment, especially in remote or poorly studied long-dormant volcanoes such as caldera systems where the location of new vents could occur in different volcano sectors.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2215905
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hazard map; ; vent opening susceptibility; ; Colli Albani volcano;
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Trench floor depositional response to glacio-eustatic changes over the last 45 ka, northern Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand (2022)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: Glacio-eustatic cycles lead to changes in sedimentation on all types of continental margins. There is, however, a paucity of sedimentation rate data over eustatic sea-level cycles in active subduction zones. During International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 375, coring of the upper ∼110 m of the northern Hikurangi Trough Site U1520 recovered a turbidite-dominated succession deposited during the last ∼45 kyrs (Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1–3). We present an age model integrating radiocarbon dates, tephrochronology, and δ18O stratigraphy, to evaluate the bed recurrence interval (RI) and sediment accumulation rate (SAR). Our analyses indicate mean bed RI varies from ∼322 yrs in MIS1, ∼49 yrs in MIS2, and ∼231 yrs in MIS3. Large (6-fold) and abrupt variations in SAR are recorded across MIS transitions, with rates of up to ∼10 m/kyr occurring during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and 〈1 m/kyr during MIS1 and 3. The pronounced variability in SAR, with extremely high rates during the LGM, even for a subduction zone, are the result of changes in regional sediment supply associated with climate-driven changes in terrestrial catchment erosion, and critical thresholds of eustatic sea-level change altering the degree of sediment bypassing the continental shelf and slope via submarine canyon systems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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