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  • Physical geography.  (279)
  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :  (279)
  • Frontiers Media SA
  • PANGAEA
  • 2020-2024  (279)
  • 101
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Remote Sensing of African Mountains : Geospatial Tools Toward Sustainability (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Sustainability. ; Biotic communities. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Sustainability. ; Ecosystems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Montane grasslands: Biomass estimations using remote sensing techniques and knowledge gap in Africa -- Chapter2. Unravelling regional Geodiversity: a GRID-MAPPING Approach to QUANTIFY GEODIVERSITY in the uThukela District, KwaZulu-Natal -- Chapter3. Monitoring the wildfire activity and ecosystem response on Mt. Kilimanjaro using Earth Observation data and GIS -- Chapter4. Ecological Vulnerability Assessment to Grassland Fires in a Protected Mountainous Area Using Remote Sensing and GIS -- Chapter5. Natural hazards magnitude, vulnerability and recovery strategies in the Rwenzori Mountains, Southwestern Uganda -- Chapter6. Assessing the Vulnerability of the Eastern Africa Highlands’ Soils to Rainfall Erosivity -- Chapter7. Development of Lightning Hazard Map for Fire Danger Assessment over Mountainous Protected Area using Geospatial Technology -- Chapter8. Water resources monitoring over the Atlas Mountains in Morocco using satellite observations and Reanalysis data -- Chapter9. Evaluating Settlement Development Change, Pre, and Post-1994 in the Drakensberg Mountains of Afromontane Region, South Africa -- Chapter10. Digital Soil Mapping for hydropedological purposes of the Cathedral Peak research catchments, South Africa -- Chapter11. Effect of Climate Variability and Change on Land Suitability for Irish Potato Production in Kigezi Highlands of Uganda.
    Abstract: This edited volume focuses on the use of remote sensing techniques to assess and monitor mountainous ecosystems in Africa, with a focus on tracking changes related to climate change and human activity. The book is timely, as the interaction of mountain environmental dynamics with conservation and sustainability is an under-researched issue. The chapters in this volume use remotely sensed data to study a variety of topics related to mountains and their ecosystems, including but not limited to vegetation, energy systems, environmental hazards, ecosystem services, diseases, climatic shifts, geological formations and geomorphological dynamics. The ability to monitor, assess and analyze mountainous regions is aided by the availability of remote sensing products such as optical and microwave sensors and low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The works presented here push the frontier of knowledge on mountain studies and will help shape local, national and global assessments and policies, including efforts toward the achievement of the African Agenda 2063. The book will be of interest to researchers and students in remote sensing, geography, ecology and sustainability, as well as to government organizations and conservation specialists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXII, 247 p. 81 illus., 78 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031048555
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04855-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04855-5
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 102
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    Progresses in European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology : Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology – Bucharest, 2022 (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geophysics. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Geomorphology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geophysics. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Geomorphology.
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model: Milestones and Lessons Learned -- Developments relating to seismic action in the Eurocode 8 of next generation -- Hard as a rock? Reconsidering rock-site seismic response and reference ground motions -- Tomb Raiders of the Lost Accelerogram: A Fresh Look on a Stale Problem -- Mars from the InSight: Seismology beyond Earth -- GMPEs for Romania’s Vrancea intermediate depth seismic source -- Reliability-Based Liquefaction Triggering Assessment Framework: A Unified Approach for SPT-CPT-Vs -- Seismic detection efficiency of a new inexpensive MEMS sensor prototype: Application to micro-seismicity and distant moderate earthquakes.
    Abstract: This book encompasses the most challenging topics in earthquake engineering and seismology aiming at seismic risk reduction and reveals the outstanding progresses made in Europe in the past four years. Earthquakes pose a significant threat to countries around the world. But, equipped with the right knowledge and tools, engineers and seismologists can support policy and decision makers and building officials in creating a safer future for all of us. In this paradigm, the Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (3ECEES) is organized in Bucharest (Romania) in September 2022 by the Romanian Association for Earthquake Engineering, Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest and National Institute for Earth Physics. This outstanding scientific event is the third in a series started in 2006 in Geneva, Switzerland and continued in 2014 in Istanbul, Turkey. The papers included in this book are written by the most prominent contemporary European scholars in the two-folded fields of 3ECEES. The Distinguished Nicholas Ambraseys, along with 28 invited lectures providing the best knowledge in the fields of earthquake engineering and seismology, are shared with the general readership of this book. The book is organized in three parts, as follows: (1) Seismicity, engineering seismology and seismic hazard, (2) Seismic risk assessment and mitigation, and (3) Structural earthquake engineering. The 29 contributed papers for this book are shared among these three parts almost equally. Chapter “The Challenge of the Integrated Seismic Strengthening and Environmental Upgrading of Existing Buildings” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 488 p. 244 illus., 201 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031151040
    Series Statement: Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15104-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15104-0
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 103
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    Severe Weather Warnings: An Interdisciplinary Approach (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Physical geography. ; Biotechnology. ; Political planning. ; Risk management. ; Natural Hazards. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Biotechnology. ; Public Policy. ; IT Risk Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Forward -- 2. Introduction -- 3. Warning Systems: Past, Present, and State of the Art -- 4. Obstacles to Successful Warnings -- 5. Interdisciplinary Warning Research and Practice -- 6. Case Studies -- 7. Future Directions and Challenges -- 8. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive description and analysis of natural hazard warnings, drawing on perspectives from the social sciences, physical sciences, and interdisciplinary fields such as disaster studies to articulate a distinction between traditional warnings and what might be called interdisciplinary warnings. Traditional warnings approach warning technology, design, and application from a principally scientific and technical perspective. Human factors, while considered, often are of secondary concern. Interdisciplinary warnings, on the other hand, maintain a critical emphasis on the technical merits of warning systems, but also ask, “Will psychological and community factors such as culture and structure shape how the system is used, and, if so, can this information be incorporated into system design preemptively to make it more effective?” Given the absence of systematic work on interdisciplinary warnings, a book-length monograph discussing and synthesizing knowledge from the various fields focused on warnings and warning response is of critical importance to both academics and practitioners. Broadly conceived, the book presents readers with an in-depth overview of warnings, interdisciplinary research, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 206 p. 18 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031050312
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05031-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05031-2
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 104
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    Processes and Phenomena on the Boundary Between Biogenic and Abiogenic Nature (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geochemistry. ; Mineralogy. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geochemistry. ; Mineralogy.
    Abstract: The book represents a collection of papers presented at VI International Symposium "Biogenic - abiogenic interactions in natural and anthropogenic systems" that was held on 24-27 September 2018 in Saint Petersburg (Russia). Papers in this book cover a wide range of topics connecting with interactions between biogenic and abiogenic components in lithosphere, biosphere and technosphere. The main regarding topics are following: methods for studying the interactions between biogenic and abiogenic components; geochemistry of biogenic-abiogenic systems; biomineralization and nature-like materials and technologies; medical geology; biomineralogy and organic mineralogy; biomineral interactions in soil; biodeterioration of natural and artificial materials; biomineral interactions in extreme environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 909 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030216146
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21614-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21614-6
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 105
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    Geosciences and the Sustainable Development Goals (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geology. ; Sustainability. ; Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geology. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. No Poverty -- 2. Zero Hunger -- 3. Good Health and Wellbeing -- 4. Quality Education -- 5. Gender Equality -- 6. Clean Water and Sanitation -- 7. Affordable and Clean Energy -- 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth -- 9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure -- 10. Reduced Inequalities -- 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities -- 12. Responsible Consumption and Production Patterns -- 13. Climate Action -- 14. Life Below Water -- 15. Life on Land -- 16. Peace, Justice and Strong institutions -- 17. Partnerships for the Goals -- 18. Conclusions. .
    Abstract: Meeting the targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires contributions by scientists focusing on understanding, monitoring, protecting, managing and restoring the natural environment, including geoscientists. This book presents the first detailed discussion on the role of the geological sciences (geosciences) community in the implementation of the SDGs. Unlike traditional geosciences textbooks, it is structured according to development priorities, framed in the context of the 17 SDGs. Written by international experts from diverse range of geosciences / development disciplines, it explores themes linked to both science and the professional practice of science (e.g., ethics, equity, conduct, and partnerships). The book is intended for graduate and senior undergraduate students in the earth sciences, as well as practicing geologists and experts from other sectors involved in sustainability initiatives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXIII, 474 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030388157
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38815-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38815-7
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 106
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    Lakes of Mongolia : Geomorphology, Geochemistry and Paleoclimatology (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Paleontology . ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical Geography. ; Paleontology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- Part I. Lake Studies and Types of Lakes in Mongolia -- 2. Lake Studies in Mongolia: An overview -- 3. Formation and Evolution of Lakes in Mongolia -- 4. Genesis of Lakes in Mongolia -- 5. Classification of Lakes in Mongolia -- Part II. Landscape Evolution of Large Lakes in Mongolia and Their Paleoclimate Records -- 6. Landscape, Lake Distribution and Evolution in Eastern Mongolia.-7. Lake Buir -- 8. Lake Khukh -- 9. Landscape, lake distribution and evolution in southern Mongolia -- 10. Lake Buun Tsagaan -- 11. Lake Ulaan -- 12. Landscape, Lake Distribution and Evolution in Western Mongolia -- 13. Lake Uvs -- 14. Lake Khoton -- 15. Landscape, lake distribution and evolution in northern Mongolia -- 16. Lake Khuvsgul -- 17. Lake Khargal -- 18. Landscape, Lake Distribution and Evolution in Central Mongolia -- 19. Lake Terkhiin Tsagaan -- 20. Lake Ugii -- 21. Paleoclimatic patterns recorded in Lakes of Mongolia -- Part III. Scientific, Economic and Touristic Significances of Lakes in Mongolia -- 22. Future Directions of Lake Study in Mongolia -- 23. Economic Values of Lakes in Mongolia -- 24. Touristic Prospects of Lakes in Mongolia.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of lakes in Mongolia from scientific, economic and scenic points of view, presenting lake area changes, their sedimentological and geochemical characteristics, valuable economic and geoheritage resources and paleoclimate change reconstruction. The book emphasizes internationally well-known lakes of Mongolia, but it also describes far less popular lakes which have remained unrecognized for scientific importance. The book offers modern, qualitative, process-oriented approaches and quantitative analytic results-based implications to understand the geomorphological, sedimentological and geochemical evolution of lake basins in Mongolia, and past and present climate changes in Mongolia and Eurasia. Insights into the interpretation of data obtained from the lake basins in the fields of geomorphology, sedimentology, geochemistry, geochronology and paleoclimatology are developed from theoretical principles, empirical observations, correlative illustrations, analytic measurements and conscious hypotheses. Based on the application of a combined compilation of recent Landsat 8 images of the lakes and topographic maps of them in 1970, this book presents enriched results and implications derived from remote sensing together with field measurements and laboratory analyses. This data compilation belongs to a research team at the Laboratory of Geochemistry and Geomorphology (LGG), National University of Mongolia (NUM).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVIII, 452 p. 113 illus., 104 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030991203
    Series Statement: Syntheses in Limnogeology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99120-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99120-3
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 107
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    Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools : Validation Practices with QGIS (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Cartography. ; Physical geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Cartography. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. About this book -- Part I. Concepts, data and validation -- Chapter 2. Land Use Cover mapping, modelling and validation. A background -- Chapter 3. Validation of Land Use Cover maps: a guideline -- Chapter 4. Land Use Cover Datasets: a review -- Part II. Data access and visualization -- Chapter 5. Visualization and communication of LUC data -- Chapter 6. Sample data for thematic accuracy assessment in QGIS -- Part III. Tools to validate Land Use Cover maps: a review -- Chapter 7. Basic and Multiple-Resolution Cross Tabulation to validate Land Use Cover maps -- Chapter 8. Metrics based on a Cross-Tabulation matrix to validate Land Use Cover maps -- Chapter 9. Pontius Jr. methods based on a Cross Tabulation matrix to validate Land Use Cover maps -- Chapter 10. Validation of soft maps produced by a Land Use Cover Change model -- Chapter 11. Spatial metrics to validate Land Use Cover maps -- Chapter 12. Advanced pattern analysis to validate Land Use Cover maps -- Chapter 13. Geographically Weighted methods to validate Land Use Cover maps -- Part IV. Land Use Cover datasets: a review -- Chapter 14. Global general Land Use Cover datasets with a single date,- Chapter 15. Global general Land Use Cover datasets with a time series of maps -- Chapter 16. General Land Use Cover datasets for Europe -- Chapter 17. General Land Use Cover datasets for Africa -- Chapter 18. General Land Use Cover datasets for America and Asia -- Chapter 19. Global thematic Land Use Cover datasets characterizing vegetation covers -- Chapter 20. Global thematic Land Use Cover datasets characterizing agricultural covers -- Chapter 21. Global thematic Land Use Cover datasets characterizing artificial covers -- Chapter 22. Supra-national thematic Land Use Cover datasets.
    Abstract: This open access book represents a comprehensive review of available land-use cover data and techniques to validate and analyze this type of spatial information. The book provides the basic theory needed to understand the progress of LUCC mapping/modeling validation practice. It makes accessible to any interested user most of the research community's methods and techniques to validate LUC maps and models. Besides, this book is enriched with practical exercises to be applied with QGIS. The book includes a description of relevant global and supra-national LUC datasets currently available. Finally, the book provides the user with all the information required to manage and download these datasets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 462 p. 273 illus., 226 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030909987
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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  • 108
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    Alexander von Humboldt : Multiperspective Approaches (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Human geography. ; Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Human Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: Humboldt’s integrative scientific approach: Pioneering modern Earth system sciences -- “Through a country we never intended to see”. Revisiting The Humboldt renaissance -- Alexander Von Humboldt and earth system science -- Part 2: Humboldt’s influence on bio-geo-sciences -- Humboldt, biogeography, and the dimension of time -- Revisiting the Chimborazo Volcano – Cradle of plant geography -- Part 3: Humboldt, the Earth scientist -- Humboldt's interpretation of the Andean geology -- Part 4: Humboldt, his relevance for contemporary education strategies and the political discourse -- “Should Alexander Von Humboldt be part of contemporary geography education?” -- Alexander Von Humboldt, a liberal ecologist. An essay -- Part 5: Humboldt: Empathic patron, consultant and communicator of science -- The Humboldt paradox: Science communication and mythology -- Indigenous knowledge – Humboldt´S idea of intercultural understanding -- Humboldt’s journey to Russia and Siberia in 1829 – His dual role as consultant and explorer -- Part 6: An epilogue -- Alexander Von Humboldt: Dilletante of natural history or Oracle of modern science?.
    Abstract: This book aims to view and to understand Alexander von Humboldt from different perspectives and in varying disciplinary contexts. His contributions addressed numerous topics in the earth but also life sciences—spanning from geo-botany, climatology, paleontology, oceanography, mineralogy, resources, and hydrogeology to links between the environmental impact of humans, erosion, and climate change. From the very beginning, he paved the way for a modern, integrated earth system science approach to decipher, characterize, and model the different forcing factors and their feedback mechanisms. It becomes obvious that Humboldt’s holistic approach is far beyond simple description and empiric data collection. As documented and analyzed in the different texts of this volume, he combines observation and analysis with emotions and subjective perceptions in a very affectionate way. However, this publication does not intend to add another encyclopedic text compilation but to observe and critically analyze this unique personality´s relevance in a modern context, particularly in discussing environmental and social key issues in the twenty-first century.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 231 p. 36 illus., 26 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030940089
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94008-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94008-9
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 109
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    Environmental Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in Libya (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Geographic information systems. ; Cartography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Physical geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Cartography. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to “Environmental Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in Libya” -- 2. Application of remote sensing and GIS in land cover/land use mapping and change detection using Google Earth Engine platform: a case study in northwestern Libya -- 3. Evaluation of selected vegetation indices to assess rangeland vegetation in eastern Libya -- 4. Spatiotemporal analysis of Vegetation Health Index (VHI) and drought patterns in Libya based on remote sensing time series -- 5. Integration of remotely sensed data and machine learning technique for spatial prediction of selected soil properties in northwestern Libya -- 6. Field and laboratory estimation of soil erodibility, erosion and degradation of the semi-arid Aljabal Alkhdar region, Libya -- 7. DRAINMOD applications to design drainage systems in Libya using soil salinity data predicted by GIS, remote sensing and Artificial Neural Networks -- 8. Surface water potential and suitable sites identification for RWH in the semi-arid and arid watershed of Wadi Sammalus, northeast Libya using GIS and Remote Sensing approach -- 9. Stepwise approach for morphometric modeling of Wadi Zamzam watershed in north-western Libya using GIS and remote sensing techniques -- 10. Geospatial mapping and analysis of the 2019 Flood Disaster extent and impact in the city of Ghat in southwestern Libya using Google Earth Engine and deep learning technique -- 11. Oil pollution monitoring and detection using GIS and remote sensing techniques: case study from Libya -- 12. Conclusions, and Recommendations for Environmental Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in Libya.
    Abstract: This book addresses the environmental challenges that Libya and similar countries in the regions are currently facing. Each chapter of this book provides a methodology using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) dealing with one of these environmental challenges such as monitoring and mapping soil salinity and prediction of soil properties, monitoring and mapping of land degradation, spatiotemporal land use/cover, agricultural drought monitoring, hydrological applications such as spatial rainfall distribution, surface runoff, geo-morphometric analysis, flood hazard assessment and mapping, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, pollution hazard assessment, and climate-related geophysical processes. This book also assesses the impacts of climate change on natural resources using both RS and GIS, as well as other applications, covering different parts of Libya. This book is beneficial for graduate students, researchers, policy planners, and stakeholders in Libya as well as other countries that share similar environmental issues. Also, the methodologies followed in the book's chapters can be applied to any other regions around the world with similar landscapes and climatic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 249 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030978105
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97810-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97810-5
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 110
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    Towards the “Perfect” Weather Warning : Bridging Disciplinary Gaps through Partnership and Communication (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Engineering. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Technology and Engineering.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Introduction -- Chapter2. Early Warning Systems and Their Role in Disaster Risk Reduction -- Chapter3. Connecting warning with decision and action: a partnership of communicators and users -- Chapter4. Connecting Forecast and Warning: a partnership between communicators and scientists -- Chapter5. Connecting Hazard and Impact – a partnership between physical and human science -- Chapter6. Connecting Weather and Hazard – a partnership of physical scientists in connected disciplines -- Chapter7. Predicting the weather – a partnership of observation scientists and forecasters -- Chapter8. Pulling it all together, end-to-end.
    Abstract: This book is about making weather warnings more effective in saving lives, property, infrastructure and livelihoods, but the underlying theme of the book is partnership. The book represents the warning process as a pathway linking observations to weather forecasts to hazard forecasts to socio-economic impact forecasts to warning messages to the protective decision, via a set of five bridges that cross the divides between the relevant organisations and areas of expertise. Each bridge represents the communication, translation and interpretation of information as it passes from one area of expertise to another and ultimately to the decision maker, who may be a professional or a member of the public. The authors explore the partnerships upon which each bridge is built, assess the expertise and skills that each partner brings and the challenges of communication between them, and discuss the structures and methods of working that build effective partnerships. The book is ordered according to the “first mile” paradigm in which the decision maker comes first, and then the production chain through the warning and forecast to the observations is considered second. This approach emphasizes the importance of co-design and co-production throughout the warning process. The book is targeted at professionals and trainee professionals with a role in the warning chain, i.e. in weather services, emergency management agencies, disaster risk reduction agencies, risk management sections of infrastructure agencies. This is an open access book.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 270 p. 49 illus., 45 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030989897
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98989-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98989-7
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 111
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    Geology and Landscapes of the Eastern Pyrenees : A Field Guide with Excursions (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Earth Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Crustal architecture of the Pyrenees -- 2. Basin analysis: the sedimentary record of orogenic growth and decay -- 3. Cenozoic transformations of the mountain range: evidence from denudation chronology and landforms -- 4. Present-day environments -- 5. Synthesis and overview.
    Abstract: This book provides a synthesis of the physiography and geodynamics of the entire Pyrenean orogen and its foreland basins, providing the "big picture" (structure of the orogen and chronology of its formation, overview of its post-orogenic evolution, and Quaternary and recent landscape history). One part of the book proposes a 6–7 day itinerary across the eastern and east-central Pyrenees, two areas that currently provide the richest, best-documented, and most carefully curated database on the post-orogenic evolution of the mountain belt. The book deals with three complementary topics: (i) geodynamics, i.e. the long-term post-orogenic evolution of the Pyrenees since the declining stages of tectonic collision ca. 30 million years ago, and within the wider reference frame of Iberia, the Western Mediterranean, and the Atlantic margin; (ii) geomorphological processes and landforms that have conspired to shape the eastern part of the French and Spanish Pyrenees in response to base-level and climate-related changes over than same time period; (iii) geoheritage, i.e. educational vignettes of the flagship landscape units and typical geological sections of the study area. Written as a field guide, it is designed to help readers to construct discovery-based itineraries through the region (with options and variants depending on time and physical ability), allowing them to appreciate the key landscape and geoheritage features over the course of 1 week, with potential for much more. This GeoGuide is primarily aimed at confirmed geoscientists from most disciplines in Earth science, at postgraduate students engaged in field studies, and at curiosity-driven, educated amateurs keen to enhance their understanding of spectacular or enigmatic features encountered on their travels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVIII, 619 p. 283 illus., 274 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030842666
    Series Statement: GeoGuide,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84266-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-84266-6
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Water Resources Management in Romania (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Pollution. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Management of Surface Water Resources In Romania -- The Vulnerability of Water Resources From Eastern Romania to Anthropic Impact and Climate Changes -- Romanian Danube River Floodplain Functionality Assessment -- Romanian Upper Tisa Watershed, Between Water Resources and Hydrological Hazards -- Causes and Effects of Water Pollution in Romania -- Assessment of Some Diurnal Streamwater Profiles in Western and Northern Romania in Relation to Meteorological Data -- Water Resources Management in Razim-Sinoie Lakes Ecosystems -- Particularities of Drain Liquid in the Small Wetland of Braila Natural Park, Romania -- Water Supply Challenges and Achievements in Constanta County -- Drinking Water Supply Systems - Evolution towards Efficiency -- Water Resources Management in Siret Catchment -- Particular Hydrological Manifestations on the Lower Danube in the Current Climate -- Hydrological Impacts of Climate Changes in Romania and Adaptation Strategies -- Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CE) in Romania - European Qualitative Requirements -- Drought and Insolvency: Case study of the Producer-Buyer Conflict (Romania, the period between the year 2011-2012) -- Conclusions and Recomendations. .
    Abstract: This book discusses water resources management in Romania from a hydrological perspective, presenting the latest research developments and state-of-the-art knowledge that can be applied to efficiently solve a variety of problems in integrated water resources management. It focuses on a wide range of water resources issues – from hydrology and water quantity, quality and supply to flood protection, hydrological hazards and ecosystems, and includes case studies from various watersheds in Romania. As such, the book appeals to researchers, practitioners and graduates as well as to anybody interested in water resources management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 591 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030223205
    Series Statement: Springer Water,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22320-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22320-5
    DDC: 363.73
    Language: English
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    Drainage Basin Dynamics : An Introduction to Morphology, Landscape and Modelling (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Earth sciences. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth Sciences. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part-I: Evolution and Development of Drainage System -- 1. Drainage basin as a system unit (case study of gully basin or river basin) -- 2. Geomorphic threshold and evolution of drainage system (case study of badland) -- 3. Mechanics and landforms of drainage system (case study of badland / river) -- 4. System of stream classification (case study of ephemeral gully basin) -- 5. Controlling factors of drainage system (case study of badland /Plateau regions) -- Part-II: Drainage Basin Morphology -- 1. Morphometric properties of Drainage Basin (case study of badland /Plateau regions) -- 2. Quantitative analysis of Drainage Basin (case study of badland /Plateau regions) -- 3. Hypsometry curve analysis (case study analysis) -- 3. Alluvial Fan Morphology (case study of Hillslope / Estuarine) -- 4. Bed Morphology of drainage basin (case study of ephemeral gully basin / Mountain River / Plateau River) -- Part-III: Drainage Basin Hydrology and Modelling -- 1. River Hydraulics properties (case study of badland /Plateau regions) -- 2. Hydrological frequency-magnitude analysis (case study analysis) -- 3. Estimation of Rainfall-runoff with computations (case study analysis) -- 4. Flood risk analysis (case study analysis) -- 5. Ground water prospecting and modelling -- 6. GIS based hydrologic modelling -- Part-IV: Drainage Basin Sedimentology -- 1. Sediment properties: particle size distribution (case study analysis) -- 2. Estimation of erosion and sediment yieldModelling (GIS based) -- 3. Sediment facies analysis (case study analysis) -- 4. Bed load sediment transport modeling (case study analysis) -- 5. River deposition and fluvial landforms (case study analysis) -- 6. Geo-chemical analysis of sediment -- Part-V: Human Interference/interventions on Drainage Basin -- 1. Cheek dam impact (case study analysis) -- 2. River embankments (case study analysis) -- 3. Dams construction (case study analysis) -- 4. Barrage/Bridge construction (case study analysis) -- 5. Sand mining/ stone quarrying (case study analysis) -- 6. Landuse changes(deforestation, urbanization, agricultural expansion) and sediment yield (case study analysis) -- 7. River pollution and channel changes -- Part-VI: Drainage Basin Management -- 1. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology using RS and GIS (Machine learning algorithm, SWAT etc) -- 2. River water management under watershed using geospatial techniques -- 3. Integrated river basin management and geostatistics -- 4. Management of Ecological Variability (ecological flow) and Pollution of the Hyporheic Zone using Geospatial techniques -- 5.. Social engineering and river basin management -- 6. Basin management and regional planning.
    Abstract: This volume provides a versatile introduction to the study of drainage basin evolution, morphology, drainage basin hydrology and sedimentology, human interference, natural and anthropogenic hazards and various management techniques. This book offers the responsible factors of sediment yield and their absolute and specific growth and rate of delivery through tributaries to the main streams. Rivers are important geomorphic agents which reflect an amazing variety of form and behaviour, showing the wide range of natural environment in which they are originated. The drainage system evolution and spatial network development within the dynamic nature are being discussed and how they are adjusted in the geomorphic time scale over the millions of years. This book shows how drainage systems function and react to change and why this thoughtful is required for flourishing integrated basin management. In tropical and sub-tropical countries population pressures as well as different developmental projects are being executed on the drainage basin without proper planning. Today scientists consider drainage basin as an administrative unit during implementation of regional projects. In this context this book will carry a bench mark for scholars and young scientists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 568 p. 289 illus., 258 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030796341
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79634-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79634-1
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    River Health and Ecology in South Asia : Pollution, Restoration, and Conservation (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Water. ; Hydrology. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Water. ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology. ; Water. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. River Health and Ecology: Perspective View and Approach -- Chapter2. Arthropods: an important bioindicator to decipher the health of the water of South Asian Rivers -- Chapter3. Anthropogenic stress on river health: with special reference to Kangsabati river, West Bengal, India -- Chapter4. Role of modern biotechnology in the era of river water pollution -- Chapter5. Assessment of chitinolytic bacteria isolated from zooplankton of freshwater ecosystem -- Chapter6. Microplastics in freshwater riverine systems: brief profile, trophic level transfer and probable remediation -- Chapter7. Assessment of River Health through Water and Biological Characteristics -- Chapter8. Estimating Water Quality of the Sundarban Coastal Zone (India) using Landsat Series Satellite Data and Ground Observations -- Chapter9. Anthropogenic impacts on hydro-morphodynamic behaviour in the middle - lower course of Subarnarekha river, India -- Chapter10. Perturbation of the health of riverine ecosystem and its impact on the biogeochemical, ecological and molecular perspectives -- Chapter11. Assessment of habitat quality in quarried reach of alluvial river -- Chapter12. Physicochemical and microbial indicators for water quality assessment in an industrial catchment of river Damodar, India -- Chapter13. Assessment of heavy metal concentration in selected fish species in Subarnarekha River, India -- Chapter14. Assessment of water pollution and aquatic toxicity of the Churni River, India -- Chapter15. River corridor mapping and monitoring using Geospatial Technology -- Chapter16. Micro-plastic pollution in freshwater systems: A potential environmental threat -- Chapter17. Sand and Gravel Mining and its Consequences on Morphometry of Raidak-II River in Eastern Dooars, India -- Chapter18. Resuscitating the regional rivers: a crusade against cauvery crisis and coloured legislations.
    Abstract: This volume reviews recent hydrological and environmental issues resulting from human-induced water pollution practices while providing case studies on the physical, chemical, and eco-biological techniques used to mitigate the impacts of river ecosystem pollution in South Asian countries. The book demonstrates the key methods of measurement, monitoring, mapping, and modeling of river water quality and how it is impacted by pollution and incorporates contemporary geospatial technological applications for the management and sustainability of future water resources. The major topics that the book addresses are the fundamental concepts of river ecosystem health, riverine ecology and habitats, risk assessment of riverine pollution, and technology-based river pollution control strategies. The book will serve as an interdisciplinary guide for researchers, students, and GIS specialists working in various disciplines, including pollution hazards, river ecosystem restoration, water quality, remote sensing, zoology, natural resources management, and environmental geography. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVIII, 420 p. 118 illus., 107 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030835538
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83553-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83553-8
    DDC: 551.48
    Language: English
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  • 115
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    Spatial Modelling of Flood Risk and Flood Hazards : Societal Implications (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Natural disasters. ; Environmental geography. ; Physical geography. ; Cartography. ; Earth sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Natural Hazards. ; Integrated Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Cartography. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction to Spatial Modeling of Flood Risk and Hazard: Societal Implication -- Chapter 2. Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Morphometric Techniques and GIS -- Chapter 3. Palaeohydrologic Estimates of Flood Discharge of Lower Ramganga River Catchment of Ganga Basin, India Using Slackwater Deposits -- Chapter 4. Flood Risk Zone Identification Using Ground Based Observation and Geospatial Technology -- Chapter 5. Dynamics River Networks and Determination of the Flood Potential in Lower Brahmaputra Valley Using Geoinfromatics -- Chapter 6. Flood Vulnerability Assessment Using AHP and Frequency Ratio Techniques -- Chapter 7. Application of Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for Flood Susceptibility Modelling -- Chapter 8. Flash Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS Based AHP Method -- Chapter 9. GIS Based Hydrological and Hydraulic Models to Forecast River Flood Risks and Proposition of Management Measures -- Chapter 10. Large Scale Human Intervention and Estimation of Flood Susceptibility Applying Frequency Ratio Model -- Chapter 11. Flood Induced Transport Infrastructural Losses in India: Regional Assessments -- Chapter 12. Rural-Urban Differential in Flood Vulnerability and Community Preparedness for Flood Management Strategies -- Chapter 13. Application of Geospatial Techniques for Urban Flood Management: A Review.
    Abstract: Floods and flash floods with hydro-meteorological and tropical cyclones are the some of the most devastating natural disasters causing massive damages to natural and man-made features. Flood hazards are a major threat to human life, properties (agricultural area, yield production, building and homes) and infrastructures (bridges, roads, railways, urban infrastructures, etc). Flood hazards susceptibility mapping (risk assessment) and modelling is an essential step for early warning systems, emergency services, prevention and mitigation of future environmental and social hazards and implementation of risk management strategies. Due to the lack of proper information, technology-based policies and strategies, mapping and modelling can often not be implemented to the best possible level. Geo-spatial techniques have enjoyed rising interest in recent decades among the earth environmental and social sciences research communities for their powerful ability to solve and understand various complex problems and develop novel approaches toward sustainable earth and human society. By linking geo-spatial computational intelligence techniques with societal and environmental-oriented problems, this book demonstrates geospatial technology approaches to data mining techniques, data analysis, modelling, risk assessment and visualization and management strategies in different aspects of flood hazards. We believe that a diverse group of academics, scientists, geographers, hydrologist, remote sensing and GIS expertise, environmentalists, meteorologists and computing experts with a common interest in geospatial sciences within the earth environmental sciences and humanistic and social sciences will find this book to be of great value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 238 p. 120 illus., 110 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030945442
    Series Statement: GIScience and Geo-environmental Modelling,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94544-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94544-2
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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    Landscapes and Landforms of Austria (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Landscape ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Landscape Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: Introduction to the Physical Geography of Austria: Geological and Tectonic Setting of Austria -- Geomorphological Landscape Regions of Austria -- The Imprint of Quaternary Processes on the Austrian Landscape -- River and Valley Landscapes -- Karst Landscapes in Austria -- Geomorphic Hazards in Austria -- Geoheritage, Geotourism and Landscape Protection in Austria -- Part 2: Geomorpic Hotspots of High Scenic Quality and/or High Scientific Interest: Granite Tors of the Waldviertel Region in Lower Austria -- Deeply Incised Valley Meanders of the Bohemian Massif -- Wachau World Heritage Site: A Diverse Riverine Landscape -- Sunken Roads and Palaeosols in Loess Areas in Lower Austria – Landform Development and Cultural Importance -- The Danube Floodplain National Park – A Fluvial Landscape with Expiration Date? -- Lake Neusiedl Area: A Particular Lakescape at the Boundary between Alps and Pannonian Basin -- Quaternary Landforms and Sediments in the Northern Alpine Foreland of Salzburg and Upper Austria -- The Walgau – a Landscape Shaped by Landslides -- Fluvial Geomorphology and River Restoration: Tiroler Lech Nature Park -- The World Heritage Site Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut – a Fascinating Geomorphological Field Laboratory -- Gesäuse – River Gorge, Limestone Massifs and Sediment Cascades -- The Rax Karst Massif – a Typical Plateau of the Northern Calcareous Alps? -- Montafon – Geodiversity and Human Impact -- Giant „Bergsturz“ Landscapes in the Tyrol -- The Upper Ötz Valley – High Mountain Landscape Diversity and Long Research Tradition -- The Moraine at Trins and the Alpine Lateglacial -- The Krimml Waterfalls in the Hohe Tauern National Park -- Großglockner and Pasterze Glacier – Landscape Evolution at Austria’s Highest Summit and its Neighbouring Glacier System -- Gorges and Slots - Three Examples of Geomorphosites in Western Carinthia -- Rock Glaciers in the Austrian Alps – A General Overview with a Special Focus on Dösen Rock Glacier, Hohe Tauern Ran -- The Ore of the Alps UNESCO Global Geopark (Salzburg) – Geosites and Geotourism -- The Variability and Uniqueness of Cirque Landscapes in the Schladminger Tauern -- The Erzberg Area: A Mining Landscape in Styria -- Dobratsch – Landslides and Karst in Austria’s Southernmost Nature Park -- Klagenfurt Basin – A Large Basin in the Alps -- Geomorphological Evidence of Past Volcanic Activity in the Southeast of Austria.
    Abstract: This book intends to identify and publicize the unique features of Austrian geomorphology. In a country which stretches from the core of the European Alps to the Hungarian plain there is huge variety of landforms and landscapes. This book reveals that variety. Part 1 sets the context of the Austrian landscape as a whole. Part 2 is the core of the volume and comprises a careful selection of the most outstanding landscapes in Austria. Each of the chapters results from detailed research conducted by an author over many years. Austria’s landscapes are especially attractive because of the great variety of topographic slopes, geologic foundations and the special landscape legacy from the Quaternary period. Glacial and Karst landscapes dominate, but there are superb examples of granite weathering landscapes and geologically recent volcanism. Part 3 is the editor’s original and creative contribution. It emphasizes the importance of geomorphology as a natural resource. Tourism relies upon geomorphology and many national, aesthetic and cultural values are influenced by that geomorphology. The book is lavishly illustrated with about 300 color images and is securely based on scientific scholarship.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 496 p. 368 illus., 353 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030928155
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92815-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92815-5
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Landscapes and Landforms of Botswana (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Soil science. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Soil Science.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the Landscape and Landforms of Botswana -- The Angolan catchments of northern Botswana’s major rivers: the Cubango, Cuito, Cuando and Zambezi rivers -- The Okavango Delta Peatlands -- Landscape evolution of the Lake Ngami and Mababe Depressions within the Okavango Rift Zone, north-central Botswana -- The Makgadikgadi Basin -- Landscapes and landforms of the Chobe Enclave, Northern Botswana -- The Chobe-Zambezi channel-floodplain system: anatomy of a wetland in a dryland -- Dunes of the southern Kalahari -- Dunes of the northern Kalahari -- Kalahari Pans: Quaternary Evolution and Processes of Ephemeral Lakes -- Dry valleys (mekgacha) -- Landscape evolution of the Stampriet Transboundary Basin and relation to the groundwater system -- Calcretes, silcretes and intergrade duricrusts -- Geodiversity of Caves and Rockshelters in Botswana -- Kimberlites, kimberlite exploration, and the geomorphic evolution of Botswana -- Geomorphology and landscapes of the Limpopo River system -- Dams in Botswana: Drying times ahead -- Gorges of eastern Botswana -- Soil Development in the Eastern Hardveld -- The Tsodilo Hills: a multifaceted World Heritage Site -- Geoconservation in Botswana -- Zoogeomorphology of Botswana.
    Abstract: This volume contains 22 chapters introducing a wide range of semi-arid and geologic landscapes. Botswana, a thinly populated nation, the size of France, is a Southern African keystone country at the heart of the Kalahari, sharing some of the major sub-continental drainage basins such as the Limpopo, Zambezi, Orange, and Okavango with its neighbouring countries. The extensive Kalahari Sand surface has been sculptured by numerous past processes which have produced subtle but regional landforms consisting of extensive dunes and shorelines. Incipient rifting has created the dynamic Okavango and Makgadikgadi fan-basin systems which produces iconic wetlands with a world heritage status. Geological outcrops in particular to the east expose highly denuded basement lithologies which produces numerous inselbergs that are home to a rich archaeological heritage. The book also examines the geomorphology of mineral and water resources which sustain the economy and population and also features dedicated chapters that cover diamondiferous kimberlites, caves, pans, dams, duricrusts and wildlife. Chapter 6 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 403 p. 261 illus., 215 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030861025
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86102-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86102-5
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes : Proceedings of 7th International Conference, Moscow, 2021 (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Geophysics. ; Physical geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Geophysics. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Role of nonlinear processes in infragravity waves evolution -- On the boundaries of paleostructures of the Ashamba river in the Blue bay near Gelendzhik according to broadband continuous seismic and acoustic profiling and GPS positioning -- Selection of the distribution of sea surface elevations for modeling the reflected pulse of the radio altimeter -- Adapting the method of directional unloading of the formation for low permeable deposits -- Simulation of filtration into a well taking into account of elastoplastic deformation near borehole -- Far Internal Gravity Waves Fields From Radially Symmetric Perturbation.
    Abstract: This book presents short papers of participants of the 7th International Scientific Conference-School for Young Scientists "Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes" (Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The book includes theoretical and experimental studies of processes in the atmosphere, oceans, the lithosphere, and their interaction; environmental issues; problems of human impact on the environment; and methods of geophysical research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 337 p. 162 illus., 96 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030995041
    Series Statement: Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99504-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99504-1
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    The Lithosphere Beneath the Indian Shield : A Geodynamic Perspective (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geophysics. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Mineralogy. ; Geophysics. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology. ; Mineralogy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Continental lithosphere -- Chapter 2: Indian shield -- Chapter 3: Petrology -- Chapter 4: Lithosphere structure -- Chapter 5: Geothermal structure -- Chapter 6: Integration of insights -- Selected bibliography. .
    Abstract: This book explores the geotectonic evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Indian Shield, which comprises a collage of cratons variously bounded by mobile belts and palaeo-rifts. The lithosphere beneath these is fairly thin compared to other cratons worldwide, petrologically varied and shows considerable variation in thickness with depth both intra-craton and among cratons. Moreover, it has been subjected to the influence of repeated magmatic episodes from Proterozoic to Palaeocene, which have variously impacted different parts of the shield. The thermotectonic influence on constituent cratons is variable depending on the evolutionary history. This book discusses the impact of successive tectonomagmatic events on the evolution of the deep crust and shallow mantle, and their Phanerozoic modification as gleaned through the xenolith window. The book provides a petrotectonic perspective on the deep crust and shallow mantle from direct samples brought up as xenoliths of deep lithologies, and offers a comprehensive overview for students, researchers, academics and professionals, integrating the results of petrological studies of deep lithologies and geophysical investigations to (i) shed light on the physico-chemical and thermal structure of the lithosphere from an array of geotectonic settings and (ii) gain insights into the spatio-temporal evolution of the Indian Shield. An in-depth guide critical thinking on the complex issue of mantle differentiation, magmatism, lithosphere modification and crustal growth over time, the book allows readers to gain a better understanding of the processes that affect the lithosphere and shape the crust on which we live.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVIII, 259 p. 71 illus., 38 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030529420
    Series Statement: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, 20
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52942-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-52942-0
    DDC: 550
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    Geodynamics of the Indian Plate : Evolutionary Perspectives (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Physical geography. ; Geochemistry. ; Geography. ; Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geochemistry. ; Regional Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Introduction -- Chapter2. Evolving Early Earth: Insights from Peninsular India -- Chapter3. Tracking India within Precambrian supercontinent cycles -- Chapter4. Proterozoic Sedimentary basins of India -- Chapter5. Oxygenation of early atmosphere and potential stratigraphic records from India -- Chapter6. Early life from the Proterozoic sedimentary basins of India -- Chapter7. Geodynamics of Gondwanaland -- Chapter8. Cretaceous Volcanism in Peninsular India: Rajmahal_Sylhet, Deccan Traps -- Chapter9. Phanerozoic Mass Extinctions and Indian Stratigraphic Records -- Chapter10. Geological Evolution of the Himalayan Mountains -- Chapter11. Cenozoic Himalayan foreland basin: an overview and regional perspective of the evolving sedimentary succession -- Chapter12. Active tectonics of Himalayan frontal fault zone in the Sub Himalaya -- Chapter13. Late Quaternary evolution and morphostratigraphic development of the Ganga Plains -- Chapter14. Evolution and development of the Indian Monsoon -- Chapter15. Climate Change over the Indian sub-continent.
    Abstract: This book provides insights on new geological, tectonic, and climatic developments in India through a time progression from the Archean to the Anthropocene that are captured via authoritative entries from experts in earth sciences. This volume aims to bring graduate students and researchers up to date on the geodynamic evolution of the Indian Plate; concepts that have so far resulted in a rather uneven treatment of the subject at different institutions. The book is divided into 4 sections and includes perspectives such as the formation and evolution of the Indian crust in comparison to its neighbors such as Antarctica, Africa and Australia; the evolution of Precambrian cratons and sedimentary basins of India; and a summary account of early life reported in the Indian stratigraphic record. Readers will also discover the key recent research into the neotectonics, tectonic geomorphology, and paleoseismology of the Himalayan Front. Researchers and students in geology, earth sciences, sedimentology, paleobiology and geography will find this book appealing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 574 p. 173 illus., 139 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030159894
    Series Statement: Springer Geology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15989-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15989-4
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Current Topics in Soil Science : An Environmental Approach (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Soil science. ; Bioinformatics. ; Industrial microbiology. ; Environmental management. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental sciences. ; Physics. ; Soil Science. ; Bioinformatics. ; Industrial Microbiology. ; Environmental Management. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Physics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Part I: Soil Science. 1. Soil Formation -- 2. Soil Minerology -- 3. Soil Taxonomy and Classification -- 4. Soil Quality -- 5. Soil Analytical Techniques. Part II: Soil Physics. 6. Physical Properties of Soils -- 7. Soil Structure -- 8. Soil Tillage -- 9. Soil Water -- 10. Soil Air and Temperature -- 11. Soil Erosion -- Part III: Soil Chemistry. 12. Concepts of Soil Chemistry -- 13. Chemical Composition of Soil -- 14. Ion Exchange -- 15. pH, Salinity and Sodicity -- 16. Chemistry of Soil Nutrient -- Part IV: Soil Biology. 17. Microbiota -- 18. Soil Fauna -- 19. Organism Interactions with Soil Processes -- 20. Impact of Pesticides and Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Diversity -- Part V: Environment and Soil Quality -- 21. Environmental Impacts -- 22. Effect of Climate Change on Soil Ecosystem -- 23. Soil Carbon Sequestration -- 24. Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management -- 25. Soil Pollution -- Index.
    Abstract: Soil is an important but often neglected element of the climate system. It is the second largest carbon store, or ‘sink’, after the oceans. Despite being a fundamental resource that supports all kinds of life on Earth, concerns related to soil are often not included as an important environmental issue. Climate changes put soil under pressure. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere may cause the microbes in the soil to work faster to break down organic matter, potentially releasing even more carbon dioxide. The soil moisture content is being constantly affected by rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns and future projections show that this may continue. This book presents current environmental issues and their remedies for soil which are mainly based on soil degradation, soil pollution and the effect of climate change on the soil. Adding xenobiotic chemicals or other alterations in the natural soil environment for agricultural, industrial or urban purposes result in a decline in the soil quality due to improper use or poor management, which is a serious environmental problem. The book is divided into five parts - soil science, soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology and soil environment. The first part “Soil Science” serves as the introduction to the book and discusses some common topics such as soil formation, mineralogy, taxonomy, quality and analytical techniques. The second part “Soil Physics” is mainly concerned with the physical properties and processes of soil and their association with effects on air, water and temperature. Soil Chemistry, the third part, discusses the chemical reactions and processes between inorganic and organic components.The fourth part “Soil Biology” explains the biological properties and processes of the soil, with special concern to microbial diversity and its effect on the ecology. Lastly, the fifth part “Soil Environment” discusses the current environmental problems such as climate change and soil pollution, including processes to mitigate these issues through carbon sequestration, nutrient management and land management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 268 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030926694
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92669-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92669-4
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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    Applications of Space Techniques on the Natural Hazards in the MENA Region (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Natural Hazards. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Space Techniques and Earth Observation -- Chapter 2: Natural Hazards in the MENA Region -- Part II: Applications of Space Techniques for the MENA Region -- Chapter 3: Open Data and Tools for Multispectral Satellite Analysis of Desert Sand Dunes Migration: Case Studies in the MENA Region -- Chapter 4: How Severe is Water Stress in the MENA Region? Insights from GRACE and GRACE-FO Satellites and Global Hydrological Modeling -- Chapter 5: The Application of Remote Sensing on the Studies of Mean Sea Level Rise in the Arabian Gulf -- Chapter 6: Assessment of Vulnerability, Risk, and Adaptation of MENA Region to SLR by Remote Sensing and GIS -- Part III: Case Studies: Space techniques and Natural Hazards in the MENA Region -- Chapter 7: Use of satellite images and GIS for the assessment of natural hazards in Western Saudi Arabia -- Chapter 8: Remote Sensing and GIS application for Natural Hazards Assessment of the Mauritanian coastal zone -- Chapter 9: Remote sensing studies on monitoring natural hazards over cultural heritage sites in Cyprus -- Chapter 10: Flooding hazard assessment considering climate change in the coastal areas of Algeria based on a remote sensing and GIS data base -- Chapter 11: Geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria analysis approach for flood risk mapping: case of Kasserine region, Tunisia -- Chapter 12: Applications of remote sensing techniques in earthquake and flood risk assessment in the Cyrenaica region, Al Jabal Al Akhdar area, NE Libya -- Integrated Methodology for Urban Flood Risk Mapping at the Microscale in Ungauged Regions: A Case Study of Hurghada, Egypt -- Chapter 14: Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques to Flood and Rainwater Harvesting: Case Study of Sennar, Sudan -- Chapter 15: Drought Assessment Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Jordan -- Chapter 16: Using Remote Sensing Techniques for Identifying the Environmental and Quantitative Indices of Drought in Tihama, Yemen -- Chapter 17: Assessment of drought impact on agricultural production using remote sensing and machine learning techniques in Kairouan prefecture, Tunisia -- Chapter 18: Quantitative assessment of land sensitivity to desertification in Central Sudan: An application of remote sensing-based MEDALUS Model -- Chapter 19: Selected benchmark for landslides susceptibility assessments in Northern Morocco -- Chapter 20: A Geophysical and Remote Sensing-based Approach for Monitoring Land Subsidence in Saudi Arabia -- Chapter 21: Landslide Susceptibility Map Production of Aden Peninsula - South West of Yemen -- Chapter 22: The use of Earth Observation data in wildfire fire risk management: a case study from Lebanon -- Chapter 23: Avalanche hazards with mitigation in Turkey and qualitative risk assessment for snow avalanches in Ayder (Rize, NE Turkey) using combination of GIS, remote sensing techniques and field studies -- Chapter 24: Space techniques to recognize seismological and geomorphological features in Libya -- Chapter 25: Seismological and remote sensing studies in the Dead Sea zone, Jordan 1987-2021 -- Chapter 26: Study of soil erosion risks using remote sensing and in Ouergha River watershed.
    Abstract: This book introduces a comprehensive understanding in the use of space techniques in natural hazards and risk management in the MENA Region. The book is based on different case-studies from 25 MENA countries, and will be useful in highlighting the issues from all aspects. In recent years the number of natural hazard events has increased in the MENA Region. This is exacerbated by the changing climate and extreme climate events, as well as a large increase in the population in this area. Disastrous events occur on a yearly basis characterized by a vulnerability of physical processes. Floods, earthquakes, and mass movement result in severe damage to property and livelihoods, and have devastating effects upon the environment. These events cause severe financial losses, which on an annual basis, can exceed millions of dollars. The predication, assessment and monitoring approaches remain inadequate in managing these hazards and in mitigating their impacts, but with the development of space techniques and geo-information systems, these situations can now be better managed. The miscellany of satellite images, with different spatial and temporal resolutions, enable the detection of terrain features and provide indications of potential natural risks. This book will of interest to stakeholders, including field experts, academics, researchers and decision makers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 635 p. 308 illus., 298 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030888749
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88874-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88874-9
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Data Assimilation Fundamentals : A Unified Formulation of the State and Parameter Estimation Problem (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Statistics . ; Sampling (Statistics). ; Earth System Sciences. ; Applied Statistics. ; Methodology of Data Collection and Processing. ; Bayesian Inference.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Part I Mathematical Formulation: Problem formulation -- Maximum a posteriori solution -- Strong-constraint 4DVar -- Weak constraint 4DVar -- Kalman filters and 3DVar -- Randomized-maximum-likelihood sampling -- Low-rank ensemble methods -- Fully nonlinear data assimilation -- Localization and inflation -- Methods’ summary -- Part II Examples and Applications: A Kalman filter with the Roessler model -- Linear EnKF update -- EnKF for an advection equation -- EnKF with the Lorenz equations -- 3Dvar and SC-4DVar for the Lorenz 63 model -- Representer method with an Ekman-flow model -- Comparison of methods on a scalar model -- Particle filter for seismic-cycle estimation -- Particle flow for a quasi-geostrophic model -- EnRML for history matching petroleum models -- ESMDA with a SARS-COV-2 pandemic model -- Final summary -- References -- Index. .
    Abstract: This open-access textbook's significant contribution is the unified derivation of data-assimilation techniques from a common fundamental and optimal starting point, namely Bayes' theorem. Unique for this book is the "top-down" derivation of the assimilation methods. It starts from Bayes theorem and gradually introduces the assumptions and approximations needed to arrive at today's popular data-assimilation methods. This strategy is the opposite of most textbooks and reviews on data assimilation that typically take a bottom-up approach to derive a particular assimilation method. E.g., the derivation of the Kalman Filter from control theory and the derivation of the ensemble Kalman Filter as a low-rank approximation of the standard Kalman Filter. The bottom-up approach derives the assimilation methods from different mathematical principles, making it difficult to compare them. Thus, it is unclear which assumptions are made to derive an assimilation method and sometimes even which problem it aspires to solve. The book's top-down approach allows categorizing data-assimilation methods based on the approximations used. This approach enables the user to choose the most suitable method for a particular problem or application. Have you ever wondered about the difference between the ensemble 4DVar and the "ensemble randomized likelihood" (EnRML) methods? Do you know the differences between the ensemble smoother and the ensemble-Kalman smoother? Would you like to understand how a particle flow is related to a particle filter? In this book, we will provide clear answers to several such questions. The book provides the basis for an advanced course in data assimilation. It focuses on the unified derivation of the methods and illustrates their properties on multiple examples. It is suitable for graduate students, post-docs, scientists, and practitioners working in data assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 245 p. 63 illus., 62 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030967093
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96709-3
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Advances in Geophysics, Tectonics and Petroleum Geosciences : Proceedings of the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2), Tunisia 2019 (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Geochemistry. ; Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Natural Hazards. ; Geochemistry. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Tsunami hazard along the Eastern African coast from mega-earthquake sources in the Indian Ocean -- Preliminary tsunami hazard map of Africa -- The AD 365 Crete earthquake/tsunami impact in the Mediterranean region -- The AD 365 Alexandria (Egypt) tsunami revisited -- Seismotectonics of the Easternmost Cyprus Arc: Implications for Tsunami Hazard Assessment -- Seismic Hazard and Risk in Africa, a hidden hazard in an extreme vulnerable context -- Seismotectonics of the Khurutse Region, Botswana -- Kinematic and elastic modelling of fault-related-folds:‎ A study from active structures of the Tell Atlas ‎(Northern Algeria)‎ -- Magmatic rifting and seismicity in Afar and northern Main Ethiopian Rift -- Architecture and evolution of the Kivu rift within the western branch of the East African rift system: Implications for seismic hazard assessment.
    Abstract: This edited book is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2), Tunisia, in 2019. It is of interest to all researchers practicing geophysics/seismology, structural, and petroleum geology. With four sections spanning a large spectrum of geological and geophysical topics with particular reference to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa, this book presents a series of research methods that are nowadays in use for measuring, quantifying, and analyzing several geological domains. It starts with a subsection dedicated to the latest research studies on seismic hazard and risk assessment in Africa presented during the 2019 IGCP-659 meeting organized alongside the CAJG-2. And, it includes new research studies on earthquake geodesy, seismotectonics, archeoseismology and active faulting, well logging methods, geodesy and exploration/theoretical geophysics, petroleum geochemistry, petroleum engineering, structural geology, basement architecture and potential data, tectonics and geodynamics, and thermicity, petroleum, and other georesources. The edited book gives insights into the fundamental questions that address the genesis and evolution of our planet, and this is based on data collection and experimental investigations under physical constitutive laws. These multidisciplinary approaches combined with the geodynamics of tectonic provinces and investigations of potential zones of natural resources (petroleum reservoirs) provide the basis for a more sustainability in the economic development. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXV, 671 p. 431 illus., 401 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030730260
    Series Statement: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73026-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73026-0
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Environmental Science - A Ground Zero Observation on the Indian Subcontinent (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Biodiversity. ; Physical geography. ; Biotic communities. ; Pollution. ; Ecology . ; Biodiversity. ; Physical Geography. ; Ecosystems. ; Pollution. ; Terrestial Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction to Environment -- Chapter 2 Components of the Earth -- Chapter 3 Earth and its Resources -- Chapter 4 Basics of Ecosystem -- Chapter 5 Major Biochemical Cycles -- Chapter 6 Biodiversity and its Conservation -- Chapter 7 Air Pollution and its Mitigation -- Chapter 8 Pollution and its Mitigation -- Chapter 9 Soil Pollution and its Mitigation -- Chapter 10 Oil Pollution -- Chapter 11 Human Population and the Environment -- Chapter 12 Climate Change: Threat of Era.
    Abstract: This book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of different environmental problems via in-depth studies of the Indian subcontinent. Data collected from different ecosystems forms a strong foundation to explore the topics discussed in this book. The book investigates how mankind is presently under the appalling shadow of pollution, climate change, overpopulation and poverty. The continuing problem of pollution, loss of forests, disposal of solid waste, deterioration of environment, global warming and loss of biodiversity have made nations aware of environmental issues. Many countries are desperately trying to move away from this adverse situation through technological development and policy level approaches. Through a number of case studies the authors provide details of ground level observations of the most environmentally stressed regions in the Indian subcontinent and beyond.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 478 p. 338 illus., 175 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030491314
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49131-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49131-4
    DDC: 333.95
    Language: English
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    Landscapes and Landforms of Slovakia (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Soil science. ; Earth sciences. ; Environment. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical Geography. ; Soil Science. ; Earth Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface by Series Editor -- Foreword -- Author biographies -- Physical environment -- Landscapes and landforms -- Geoheritage and landscape protection -- Index. .
    Abstract: Landscapes and Landforms of the Slovakia provides an attractive physiographical overview of the most prominent landscapes of Slovakia and the distinctive landforms associated with them. It describes the main driving factors leading to their evolution and importance for geoconservation and geotourism. The richly illustrated book provides the reader with enjoyable and informative descriptions of the selected sites within their regional geographical and geological settings range from the Tatras Mts. with glacially shaped relief as the highest region in the Carpahians to caves and lowlands taking into account fluvial, gravity-induced, karst and structural landscapes of the Slovakia. The book is organized in 3 parts: a) Introduction, which presents a general framework of the physical geography of Slovakia, b) Geomorphological landscapes, presenting papers dealing with key geomorphological areas, resp. landforms, c) Geoheritage and landscape protection, providing an updated vision on the geomorphological/geological heritage sites and landscape protection policy in Slovakia. The book will be relevant to scientists, scholars and any readers interested in geomorphology, geology, physical geography, geoheritage, landscape tourism and environmental protection. It can be also used for undergraduate and graduate courses in Earth and environmental sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 467 p. 331 illus., 316 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030892937
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89293-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89293-7
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    The Soils of Oregon (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Geomorphology. ; Ecology . ; Soil Science. ; Physical Geography. ; Geomorphology. ; Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- History of Soil Studies -- Soil-Forming Factor -- Elevation Gradients in the Oregon Mountain Ranges -- General Soil Regions of Oregon -- Diagnostic Horizons and Taxonomic Structure of Oregon Soils -- Taxonomic Soil Regions -- Mollisols -- Inceptisols -- Aridisols -- Andisols -- Ultisols -- Alfisols -- Entisols, Vertisols, Spodosols, and Histosols -- Soil-Forming Processes -- Benchmark, Endemic, Rare, and Endangered Soils -- Land Use in Oregon -- Yields, Soil Conservation, and Production System -- Summary.
    Abstract: This book is the only comprehensive summary of natural resources of Oregon and adds to World Soil Book Series state-level collection. Due to broad latitudinal and elevation differences, Oregon has an exceptionally diverse climate, which exerts a major influence on soil formation. The mean annual temperature in Oregon ranges from 0°C in the Wallowa and Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon to 13°C in south-central Oregon. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 175 mm in southeastern Oregon to over 5,000 mm at higher elevations in the Coast Range. The dominant vegetation type in Oregon is temperate shrublands, followed by forests dominated by lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and mixed conifers, grasslands, subalpine forests, maritime Sitka spruce-western hemlock forests, and ponderosa pine-dominated forests. Oregon is divided into 17 Major Land Resource Areas, the largest of which include the Malheur High Plateau, the Cascade Mountains, the Blue Mountain Foothills, and Blue Mountains. The single most important geologic event in Oregon was the deposition of Mazama ash 7,700 years by the explosion of Mt. Mazama. Oregon has soil series representative of 10 orders, 40 suborders, 114 great groups, 389 subgroups, over 1,000 families, and over 1,700 soil series. Mollisols are the dominant order in Oregon, followed by Aridisols, Inceptisols, Andisols, Ultisols, and Alfisols. Soils in Oregon are used primarily for forest products, livestock grazing, agricultural crops, and wildlife management. Key land use issues in Oregon are climate change; wetland loss; flooding; landslides; volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis; coastal erosion; and wildfires.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 545 p. 229 illus., 197 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030900915
    Series Statement: World Soils Book Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90091-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90091-5
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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    World Atlas of Submarine Gas Hydrates in Continental Margins (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Cogeneration of electric power and heat. ; Fossil fuels. ; Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Water. ; Fossil Fuel. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Business and Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. A History of gas hydrate research -- Chapter 1. Gas Hydrate Research: From the Laboratory to the Pipeline -- Chapter 2. Shallow gas hydrates near 64° N, off Mid-Norway: Concerns regarding drilling and production technologies -- Chapter 3. Finding and using the world’s gas hydrates -- Part II. Gas Hydrate Fundamentals -- Chapter 4. Seismic rock physics of gas-hydrate bearing sediments -- Chapter 5. Estimation of gas hydrates in the pore space of sediments using inversion methods -- Chapter 6. Electromagnetic applications in methane hydrate reservoirs -- Part III. Gas Hydrate Drilling for Research and Natural Resources -- Chapter 7. Hydrate Ridge - A gas hydrate system in a subduction zone setting -- Chapter 8. Northern Cascadia Margin gas hydrates – Regional geophysical surveying, IODP drilling Leg 311 and cabled observatory monitoring -- Chapter 9. Accretionary wedge tectonics and gas hydrate distribution in the Cascadia forearc -- Chapter 10. Bottom Simulating Reflections below the Blake Ridge, western North Atlantic Margin -- Chapter 11. A review of the exploration, discovery, and characterization of highly concentrated gas hydrate accumulations in coarse-grained reservoir systems along the Eastern Continental Margin of India -- Chapter 12. Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expeditions, Korea: Lithologic characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing sediments -- Chapter 13. Bottom simulating reflections in the South China Sea -- Chapter 14. Gas hydrate and fluid related seismic indicators across the passive and active margins off SW Taiwan -- Chapter 15. Gas Hydrate Drilling in the Nankai Trough, Japan -- Chapter 16. Alaska North Slope Terrestrial Gas Hydrate Systems: Insights from Scientific Drilling -- Part IV -- Arctic -- Chapter 17. Gas Hydrates on Alaskan Marine Margins -- Chapter 18. Gas Hydrate related bottom-simulating reflections along the west-Svalbard margin, Fram Strait -- Chapter 19. Occurrence and distribution of bottom simulating reflections in the Barents Sea -- Chapter 20. Svyatogor Ridge - A gas hydrate system driven by crustal scale processes -- Chapter 21. Gas hydrate potential in the Kara Sea -- Part V. Greenland and Norwegian Sea -- Chapter 22. Geophysical indications of gas hydrate occurrence on the Greenland continental margins -- Chapter 23. Gas hydrates in the Norwegian Sea -- Part VI. North Atlantic. Chapter 24. U.S. Atlantic Margin Gas Hydrates -- Chapter 25. Gas Hydrates and submarine sediment mass failure: A case study from Sackville Spur, offshore Newfoundland -- Chapter 26. Bottom Simulating Reflections and Seismic Phase Reversals in the Gulf of Mexico -- Chapter 27. Insights into gas hydrate dynamics from 3D seismic data, offshore Mauritania -- Part VII. South Atlantic -- Chapter 28. Distribution and Character of Bottom Simulating Reflections in the Western Caribbean Offshore Guajira Peninsula, Colombia -- Chapter 29. Gas hydrate systems on the Brazilian continental margin -- Chapter 30. Gas hydrate on the southwest African continental margin -- Chapter 31. Shallow gas hydrates associated to pockmarks in the Northern Congo deep-sea fan, SW Africa -- Part VIII. Pacific -- Chapter 32. Gas hydrate-bearing province off eastern Sakhalin slope -- Chapter 33. Tectonic BSR Hypothesis in the Peruvian margin: A forgotten way to see marine gas hydrate systems at convergent margins -- Chapter 34. Gas hydrate and free gas along the Chilean Continental Margin -- Chapter 35. New Zealand’s Gas Hydrate Systems -- Part IX. Indic -- Chapter 36. First evidence of bottom simulation reflectors in the western Indian Ocean offshore Tanzania -- Part X. Mediterranean Sea -- Chapter 37. A Gas Hydrate System of Heterogenous Character in the Nile Deep-Sea Fan -- Part XI. Black Sea -- Chapter 38. Gas hydrate accumulations in the Black Sea -- Part XII. Lake Baikal -- Chapter 39. The position of gas hydrates in the sedimentary strata and in the geological structure of Lake Baikal -- Part XIII. Antarctic -- Chapter 40. Bottom Simulating Reflector in the western Ross Sea Antarctica -- Chapter 41. Bottom Simulating Reflectors along the Scan Basin, a deep-sea gateway between the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and Scotia Sea -- Chapter 42. Bottom Simulating Reflections in Antarctica -- Part XIV. Where Gas Hydrate Dissociates Seafloor Microhabitats Flourish. Chapter 43. Integrating fine-scale habitat mapping and pore water analysis in cold seep research: A case study from the SW Barents Sea.
    Abstract: This world atlas presents a comprehensive overview of the gas-hydrate systems of our planet with contributions from esteemed international researchers from academia, governmental institutions and hydrocarbon industries. The book illustrates, describes and discusses gas hydrate systems, their geophysical evidence and their future prospects for climate change and continental margin geohazards from passive to active margins. This includes passive volcanic to non-volcanic margins including glaciated and non-glaciated margins from high to low latitudes. Shallow submarine gas hydrates allow a glimpse into the past from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to modern environmental conditions to predict potential changes in future stability conditions while deep submarine gas hydrates remained more stable. This demonstrates their potential for rapid reactions for some gas hydrate provinces to a warming world, as well as helping to identify future prospects for environmental research. Three-dimensional and high-resolution seismic imaging technologies provide new insights into fluid flow systems in continental margins, enabling the identification of gas and gas escape routes to the seabed within gas hydrate environments, where seabed habitats may flourish. The volume contains a method section detailing the seismic imaging and logging while drilling techniques used to characterize gas hydrates and related dynamic processes in the sub seabed. This book is unique, as it goes well beyond the geophysical monograph series of natural gas hydrates and textbooks on marine geophysics. It also emphasizes the potential for gas hydrate research across a variety of disciplines. Observations of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) in 2D and 3D seismic reflection data combined with velocity analysis, electromagnetic investigations and gas-hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) modelling, provide the necessary insights for academic interests and hydrocarbon industries to understand the potential extent and volume of gas hydrates in a wide range of tectonic settings of continental margins. Gas hydrates control the largest and most dynamic reservoir of global carbon. Especially 4D, 3D seismic but also 2D seismic data provide compelling sub-seabed images of their dynamical behavior. Sub-seabed imaging techniques increase our understanding of the controlling mechanisms for the distribution and migration of gas before it enters the gas-hydrate stability zone. As methane hydrate stability depends mainly on pressure, temperature, gas composition and pore water chemistry, gas hydrates are usually found in ocean margin settings where water depth is more than 300 m and gas migrates upward from deeper geological formations. This highly dynamic environment may precondition the stability of continental slopes as evidenced by geohazards and gas expelled from the sea floor. This book provides new insights into variations in the character and existence of gas hydrates and BSRs in various geological environments, as well as their dynamics. The potentially dynamic behavior of this natural carbon system in a warming world, its current and future impacts on a variety of Earth environments can now be adequately evaluated by using the information provided in the world atlas. This book is relevant for students, researchers, governmental agencies and oil and gas professionals. Some familiarity with seismic data and some basic understanding of geology and tectonics are recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 514 p. 309 illus., 294 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030811860
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81186-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81186-0
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Caves and Karst of Turkey - Volume 2 : Geology, Hydrogeology and Karst (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Sedimentology. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Sedimentology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Caves And Karst Of Turkey -- Turkey’s Karst And Water Resources -- Karst Hydrogeology Of Manavgat River Basin -- Karst Of Antalya Travertine, South West Of Turkey -- Geologic And Hydrogeologic Factors Affecting Sinkhole (Obruk) Development In Central Turkey -- Karst Areas Of Turkey -- Karst Springs Of Turkey -- Dumanli Karst Springs, Manavgat River, Antalya, Turkey -- Karst Hydrogeology In Geothermal Reservoirs -- Karstic Hot Water Aquifers In Turkey.
    Abstract: This book discusses Turkey's karst systems' most critical features, one of the world's most important karst areas. This publication has been prepared to assist geologists and professionals working in karst areas by solving several different problems, for example, to conduct groundwater analysis in regions with karstic depressions and examine subsidence problems through geotechnical and hydrogeological studies to solve dams' technical challenges from Karstic areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 118 p. 97 illus., 73 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030953614
    Series Statement: Cave and Karst Systems of the World,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95361-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-95361-4
    DDC: 551
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    Climate Change, Disaster and Adaptations : Contextualising Human Responses to Ecological Change (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Environment. ; Natural disasters. ; Bioclimatology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Natural Hazards. ; Climate Change Ecology. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Resilience, Adaptation and Migration: Exploring the Range of Human Response to Climatic Change -- Chapter 2. Spatio-temporal variation of drought events over eastern Rajasthan (India): A geo-spatial approach -- Chapter 3. Evaluation of Hydro-geomorphic Response to Climate Change in North Sikkim District, Sikkim, India -- Chapter 4. Disasters, Climate Change and Migration Issues in Fiji and the Pacific: An Overview -- Chapter 5. Assessing the Microclimatic Environmental Indicators of Climate Change of a Temperate Valley in the Western Himalayan region -- Chapter 6. Is technology the nexus between climate change and disaster induced human displacement? -- Chapter 7. Climate Change Hazard Perception and Gender Empowerment for Resilience in the regions of Tropical Asia -- Chapter 8. Climate Change and the Rising Hazard Potential in Lahaul & Spiti: Himachal Pradesh -- Chapter 9. Climate Change and Disaster-induced Displacement in Global South: A Review -- Chapter 10. Climate Change, Disaster and Adaptations - Human Responses to ecological changes -- Chapter 11. Assessing Impact of Climate variability on potential agricultural land suitability in Nalanda District, Bihar -- Chapter 12. Adaptation of the Agri-based Society to Environmental Changes in Thar Desert -- Chapter 13. Human response towards COVID-19 pandemic in terms of adaptation, displacement and climate change in India -- Chapter 14. Human adaptation during Covid-19 Pandemic: the role of perceived stress and resilience -- Chapter 15. Evolutionary forces and Human migration: How sapiens conquered the world -- Chapter 16. Adjustment of the Coastal Communities in response to Climate variability and sea level rise in the Sundarban, West Bengal, India -- Chapter 17. ANALYSING THE VEHICLE INDUCED AIR POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT IN THE AZADPUR MANDI, DELHI -- Chapter 18. Human Mobility Response to Natural Disasters and Environmental Change -- Chapter 19. Temperature and Rainfall Extremes over Southern India (1969-2014): Frequency Distribution and Trends.
    Abstract: This volume examines how local communities respond and adapt to ecological changes and disasters resulting from climate change. The main aim of the book is to understand the range of human responses to ecological change and to contextualise the reasons for adopting any particular adaptive strategy by a community. Through the help of specific case studies presented as individual chapters, the book aims to find out whether adaptation due to environmental stress is an individual decision and, therefore, is an isolated phenomenon, or if resilience and adaptation are part of the same action paradigm of society as a whole in response to environmental change. Of particular interest are the case studies of climate change or disasters that have rendered the site unsuitable for the return of its community at present, and thus necessitated the relocation of such communities to new locations. The case studies in the book focus on regions in India, but cover different parts of the world as well, and address concepts of resilience, vulnerability, risk, adaptation, and mitigation. The book will be useful for students and researchers in the fields of geography, disaster management, environmental science, and anthropology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 269 p. 133 illus., 114 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030910105
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91010-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91010-5
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    The Geography of Albania : Problems and Perspectives (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geography. ; Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Economic geography. ; Human geography. ; Geography. ; Geology. ; Regional Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Economic Geography. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: PART I - INTRODUCTION, POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY, ETHNIC GROUPS AND RELIGIONS -- Introduction -- I.1. General geographical features of Albania -- I.2. Historical and Political Geography -- I.3. Ethnic Groups and Religions -- I.3.2. Religions -- PART II - LANDSCAPE OF ALBANIA -- II.1. Geological construction -- II.2. The relief -- II.3. Climate -- II.4. Waters -- II.5. Soils -- II.6. Flora and fauna -- II.7. Albanian natural and cultural heritage -- PART III - DEMOGRAPHICS -- III.2. Sociocultural features -- III.2. Sociocultural features -- PART IV - THE ECONOMY -- PART V - GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS -- INDEX.
    Abstract: This book is one of the first to give a comprehensive and detailed overview of the complete geography of Albania in English. It highlights the most important and manifold potentials of nature, society and economy of Albania as well as development problems during different time periods. One focus lies on Albania's perspectives and challenges for the future. Beside natural aspects also topics such as migration, poverty, social situation, economy, urban development, regional disparities among others are discussed. This book appeals to academics and researchers of geography, regional development and related disciplines as well as teachers and students of geography, geology, natural sciences, social sciences, economics. The book is also attractive for media representatives, tourists and other interested individuals travelling to Albania.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 255 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030855512
    Series Statement: World Regional Geography Book Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85551-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85551-2
    DDC: 910
    Language: English
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  • 132
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    A Geoinformatics Approach to Water Erosion : Soil Loss and Beyond (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Soil science. ; Geographic information systems. ; Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Soil Science. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth Sciences. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- 1. Soil erosion: The general problem -- 1.1 The soil, and its erosion -- 1.2 Scope of soil erosion -- 1.3 A brief history of soil loss -- 1.4 Soil as a finite resource -- 1.5 Summary -- 2 The case of agricultural catchments -- 2.1 Erosion factors in a distinct landform -- 2.2 On-site and off-site consequences -- 2.3 The human agent -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 The physical process -- 3.1 The basics of hillslope erosion -- 3.2 Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) -- 3.3 CAESAR-Lisflood a landscape evolution model -- 3.4 Morgan-Morgan-Finney (MMF) -- 3.5 Summary -- 4 Spatial variation in the catchment -- 4.1 Discrete spatial units -- 4.2 A suite of continuous variables -- 4.3 Summary -- 5 Earth-based observations -- 5.1 Spectral indices: spectral signatures and mathematical expressions -- 5.2 Classification -- 5.3 Synergy of RS data in catchment models -- 5.4 Close range analysis -- 5.5 Summary -- 6 Predicting erosion risk: from expert knowledge to data mining -- 6.1 The Topographic Threshold -- 6.2 Expert-based systems -- 6.3 The data-mining approach -- 6.4 Fuzzy logic -- 6.5 Summary -- 7 Health of the remaining soil -- 7.1 The soil health index -- 7.2 Statistical analysis and pre-processing -- 7.3 Mapping soil health -- 7.4 Summary -- 8 Decision-making -- 8.1 Decision-making in soil conservation -- 8.2 The simple expert system -- 8.3 GISCAME -- 8.4 Summary -- References -- Index -- Nomenclature.
    Abstract: Degradation of agricultural catchments due to water erosion is a major environmental threat at the global scale, with long-lasting destructive consequences valued at tens of billions of dollars per annum. Eroded soils lead to reduced crop yields and deprived agroecosystem’s functioning through, for example, decreased water holding capacity, poor aeration, scarce microbial activity, and loose soil structure. This can result in reduced carbon sequestration, limited nutrient cycling, contamination of water bodies due to eutrophication, low protection from floods and poor attention restoration—consequences that go far beyond the commonly modelled soil loss and deposition budgets. This book demonstrates, using data from the Harod catchment in northern Israel, how cutting-edge geoinformatics, data science methodologies and soil health indicators can be used to measure, predict, and regulate these major environmental hazards. It shows how these approaches are used to quantify—in time and space—the effect of water erosion not only on the soil layer, soil minerals, and soil loss, but also on the wide-range of services that agricultural ecosystems might supply for the benefit and well-being of humans. The algorithms described in this book play a major role in this paradigm shift and they include, for example, extraction of photogrammetric DEMs from drone's data, advanced drainage structure calculations, fuzzy process-based modelling and spatial topographic threshold computations, multicriteria analyses and expert-based systems development using analytic hierarchal processes, innovative data-mining and machine learning tools, autocorrelation and interpolation of soil health, physically-based soil evolution models, spatial decision support systems and many more.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXII, 349 p. 159 illus., 73 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030915360
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91536-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91536-0
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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    Advanced Studies in Ocean Physics (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Linear and nonlinear surface waves -- 2. Internal waves at the interface -- 3. Transformation of waves on the flow -- 4. Surface contamination -- 5. Ocean Acoustic Waves -- 6. Stratification of the ocean environment -- 7. Internal gravity waves in a stratified medium -- 8. Convective phenomena in the sea -- 9. Interaction of surface waves with regions of near-surface convection -- 10. Anomalous waves.
    Abstract: This book describes a comprehensive selection of ocean processes such as wave phenomena (surface, internal gravitational, and acoustic waves), the influence of surfactants and pollutants on the aquatic environment's dynamics, the models of the stratified natural environment, convective phenomena in the ocean, and the interaction of wave and convective processes. Finally, this book dedicates the last section to unsolved problems in the physics of anomalous waves. Most of the chapters present the most hegemonic theories but also they introduce the revulsive ideas based on alternative approaches. The underlying mathematical models are scientifically justified both at the physical and formal mathematical levels. In all known limiting cases lead to well-known classical results. They are in good agreement with experimental data. Several sections show the application of developed approaches to the description of natural phenomena. The book is of interest to specialists working in the field of ocean physics, as well as undergraduate and graduate students specializing in marine physics and oceanography.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 257 p. 73 illus., 19 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030722692
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72269-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-72269-2
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 134
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    Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Geographic information systems. ; Measurement. ; Measuring instruments. ; Biotic communities. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Measurement Science and Instrumentation. ; Ecosystems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Basics of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques -- In-situ Measurement Techniques -- Remote Sensing Techniques (Ground-Based) -- Remote Sensing Techniques (Space- and Aircraft-Based) -- Complex Measurements - Methods and Applications -- Measurements Networks.
    Abstract: This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: LVIII, 1748 p. 752 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030521714
    Series Statement: Springer Handbooks,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 135
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    Enabling Adaptive Water Management to Face Drought Risk in a Changing Climate (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Natural Hazards. ; Water. ; Regional Geography. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Abstract: This book explores the current challenges with regard to uncertainty and risk in water management, as well as the interlinkages between drought and water management. It focuses on the challenges for water management organisations, which are expected to adapt to such changes and implement adaptive water management. The book proposes a methodology for assessing organisations’ adaptive capacity, named REACT, and demonstrates its application in a case study. It subsequently analyses the barriers hindering water management organisations’ ability to adapt, and investigates the socio-cultural and economic barriers in water governance to applying adaptive water management (AWM) strategies. Lastly, the book describes how to enable AWM in order to face current and future drought risks by integrating it with drought risk management. Given its scope, it will appeal to scientists, pracademics and professionals from academia, the water industry and involved in policymaking.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 132 p. 17 illus., 14 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030551377
    Series Statement: PoliMI SpringerBriefs,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55137-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55137-7
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 136
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    Self-Potential Method: Theoretical Modeling and Applications in Geosciences (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Analytical methods in the interpretation of self-potential anomalies- a comprehensive review -- 2. Metaheuristics inversion of Self-Potential anomalies -- 3. Self-Potential inversion and uncertainty analysis via Particle Swarm Optimization -- 4. Interpretation of Self-Potential anomalies for investigating faults using the Levenberg-Marquardt and Particle Swarm Optimization methods: a study case in Çanakkale-Ayvacık, Turkey -- 5. Estimation of the buried model parameters from the self-potential data applying advanced approaches: A comparative study -- 6. Determining the structure factor and parameters of a buried polarized structure from Self potential anomaly data -- 7. Ensemble Kalman Inversion for Determining Model Parameter of Self-Potential Data in the Mineral Exploration -- 8. Advanced analysis of self-potential anomalies: Review of case studies from mining, archaeology and environment -- 9. Preferential groundwater flow pathways in sinkholes using self-potential (SP) method: A study case of Anina karstic region (Banat Mountains, Romania) -- 10. Quantification of thickness for oil reservoir and determination of Rw for estimation of water saturation using SP log -- 11. High resolution electrical resistivity tomography and self-potential mapping for groundwater and mineral exploration in different geological settings of India.
    Abstract: The book deals primarily with the aspects of advances in Self-Potential geophysical data modeling, different interpretation techniques, new ideas and an integrated study to delineate the subsurface structures associated with exploration, contamination, buried paleochannels, archaeological investigations, glaciology, geomorphology, subsurface mapping and also in hydrocarbon exploration.The book is specifically aimed with the state-of-art information regarding research advances and new development in these areas of study, coupled to extensive modelling and field investigations obtained from around the world. It is extremely enlightening for the students, research workers, scientists, faculty members in Applied Geophysics, Near Surface Geophysics, Potential field, Electrical and Electromagnetic methods, Mathematical Modeling Techniques in Earth Sciences, as well as Environmental and other practical problems associated with Earth Sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 314 p. 178 illus., 139 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030793333
    Series Statement: Springer Geophysics,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79333-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79333-3
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Simulation of the Sea Surface for Remote Sensing (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. The surface elevation probability distribution of nonlinear random waves -- Chapter 2. Statistical distribution sea surface slopes -- Chapter 3. On the dispersion relation of sea waves -- Chapter 4. Modeling the shape of the pulse reflected from the sea surface -- Chapter 5. Effect of long surface waves on the Bregg scattering of microwave -- Chapter 6. Impact of physical and chemical characteristics of the sea water on Bregg scattering of the radio waves -- Chapter 7. Measurements of statistical moments of sea surface slopes based on satellite sensing data -- Chapter 8. Contrast of optical images at the slick-ripple interface -- Chapter 9. Variability of the ocean-atmosphere interface as a light reflecting surface -- Chapter 10. Physical limitations on the accuracy of remote detection of wind speed over the sea.
    Abstract: This book considers the formation of the signal reflected from the sea surface when sensing in the radio and optical range. Currently, remote sensing from space is the main source of information about the processes taking place in the atmosphere and ocean. The correct interpretation of remote sensing data requires detailed information about the rough surface that forms the reflected signal. The first three chapters describe the statistical and spatial-temporal characteristics of the sea surface, focusing on the effects associated with the nonlinearity of sea surface waves. The analysis makes extensive use of data obtained by the authors on a stationary oceanographic platform located on the Black sea. In the next seven chapters, the authors analyze how the nonlinearity of waves affects the formation of a signal reflected from the sea surface. This book is geared for advanced level research in the general subject area of remote sensing and modeling as they apply to the coastal marine environment. It is of value to scientists and engineers involved in the development of methods and instruments of remote sensing, analysis and interpretation of data. It is useful for students who have decided to devote themselves to the study of the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 222 p. 105 illus., 1 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030587529
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58752-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58752-9
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 138
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    Geophysical Fluid Dynamics II : Stratified / Rotating Fluid Dynamics of the Atmosphere—Ocean (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Stratified / rotating fluid dynamics of the atmosphere.– Ocean -- Development of the equations -- Basic and perturbed states -- Quasi-Geostrophic theory -- Internal waves -- Two-layer model -- Convection -- Boundary layers in stratified fluids -- Jets and buoyant plumes -- Diffusion and transport processes -- Equations for diffusion processes -- Simple models of turbulent diffusion and transport -- Shear flow dispersion -- Transport of suspended sediments -- Estuarine transport -- Simple ecosystem models -- Introduction -- Dynamics of ecosystems -- Ecosystem models.
    Abstract: This book develops a fundamental understanding of geophysical fluid dynamics based on a mathematical description of the flows of inhomogeneous fluids. It covers these topics: 1. development of the equations of motion for an inhomogeneous fluid 2. review of thermodynamics 3. thermodynamic and kinetic energy equations 4. equations of state for the atmosphere and the ocean, salt, and moisture effects 5. concepts of potential temperature and potential density 6. Boussinesq and quasi-geostrophic approximations 7. conservation equations for vorticity, mechanical and thermal energy instability theories, internal waves, mixing, convection, double-diffusion, stratified turbulence, fronts, intrusions, gravity currents Graduate students will be able to learn and apply the basic theory of geophysical fluid dynamics of inhomogeneous fluids on a rotating earth, including: 1. derivation of the governing equations for a stratified fluid starting from basic principles of physics 2. review of thermodynamics, equations of state, isothermal, adiabatic, isentropic changes 3. scaling of the equations, Boussinesq approximation, applied to the ocean and the atmosphere 4. examples of stratified flows at geophysical scales, steady and unsteady motions, inertia-gravity internal waves, quasi-geostrophic theory 5. vorticity and energy conservation in stratified fluids 6.boundary layer convection in stratified containers and basins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 323 p. 100 illus., 96 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030749347
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74934-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74934-7
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 139
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    Climate Change in the Forest of Bengal Duars : Response of Life and Livelihoods (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Environment. ; Geography. ; Forestry. ; Physical geography. ; Human geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Regional Geography. ; Forestry. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1 -- Introduction -- Chapter2 -- The Bengal Duars: A Foothill Landscape of the Eastern Himalaya -- Chapter3 -- Forestry of Bengal Duars -- Chapter4 -- Climate Change in Bengal Duars -- Chapter5 -- Assessment of Vulnerability -- Chapter6 -- Perception and Responses of the Forest Villagers -- Chapter7 -- Adaptation Attitude of the Forest Villagers -- Chapter8 -- Recommendations and Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book focuses on more than 100 years of climatic oscillation in Bengal Duars, a unique foothill landscape of the Eastern Himalaya, to discuss the dynamics of life and livelihoods of forest dependent communities towards climate change related impacts. The authors describe the struggles the people of this region face, including climate vulnerability, displacement, migration, and human-animal conflict, and provides a unique and comprehensive analysis of the interconnection between perceptions and responses of forest villagers for survival and adaptation to climate change. The book presents advanced quantitative methods and field-based studies applied in the region to help researchers and policy makers comprehend and measure potential and actual adaptation attitudes of the villagers, while also understanding the present challenges, risk patterns, and potential impacts climate change has on the natural environment and community life. The book will additionally be of interest to students and researchers in geography, forestry, ecology and environmental science.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 71 p. 36 illus., 29 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030738662
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73866-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73866-2
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 140
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    The Geology of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Geographic information systems. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Arabian-Nubian Shield, an introduction: historic overview, concepts, interpretations, and future issues -- 2. The boundary between the Saharan metacraton and the Arabian Nubian Shield: insight from Ediacaran shoshonitic granites of the Nuba Mountains (Sudan): U–Pb SHRIMP zircon dating, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope constraints -- 3. The Southern Part of the Arabian Nubian Shield in Kenya and Tanzania Harald Fritz and Christoph Hauzenberger -- 4. Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African Belt in Western Ethiopia, Southern Arabian-Nubian Shield -- 5. Neoproterozoic Crustal Evolution of the northernmost Arabian-Nubian Shield, south Jordan.
    Abstract: ­This richly illustrated book reviews the geology, tectonics and mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) in 27 chapters. It starts with an examination of the ANS lithospheric scale features, explores Mesoproterozoic units and deals with the ANS oceanic stage. Arc volcanism and plutonism, post-collision basins and volcanics are discussed, as well as the younger granitoid magmatism and the deformation history of the ANS. The book provides information on ANS glacial stages and late magmatism. Chapters are devoted to review the transition between ANS and the reworked continent to its south. Finally, it discusses how ANS structures influenced the overall East African Rift System.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIX, 771 p. 399 illus., 365 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030729950
    Series Statement: Regional Geology Reviews,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72995-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-72995-0
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Remote Sensing for Hydrocarbon Exploration (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Cogeneration of electric power and heat. ; Fossil fuels. ; Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Signal processing. ; Computer vision. ; Geographical Information System. ; Fossil Fuel. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Digital and Analog Signal Processing. ; Computer Vision.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Electromagnetic spectral bands used for RS in HC exploration -- Chapter 2-Foundations of multi-spectral image processing -- Chapter 3-Surface elevation and surface texture from microwave radar -- Chapter 4-Surface cover from optical and thermal IR -- Chapter 5-Geomorphology and Mapping -- Chapter 6-Near-surface characteristics from optical, thermal IR and microwave radar -- Chapter 7-Basement depth and texture from radar distance anomalies -- Chapter 8-Mapping of temporal changes -- Chapter 9-Frontier exploration -- Chapter 10-Seismic planning, acquisition and data processing -- Chapter 11-Development and oilfield infrastructure planning -- Chapter 12-Geological analogs. .
    Abstract: This book provides insights into the benefits of using remote sensing data from a geoscientist's perspective, by integrating the data with the understanding of Earth's surface and subsurface. In 3 sections, the book takes a detailed look at what data explorationists use when they explore for hydrocarbon resources, assess different terrain types for planning and hazards and extract present-day geologic analogs for subsurface geologic settings. The book presents the usage of remote sensing data in exploration in a structured way by detecting individual geologic features as building blocks for complex geologic systems. This concept enables readers to build their own workflows for the assessment of complex geologic systems using various combinations of remote sensing data. Section 1 introduces readers to the foundations of remote sensing for exploration, covers various methods of image processing and studies different digital elevation and bathymetry models. Section 2 presents the concept of geomorphology as a means to integrate surface and subsurface data. Different aspects of rendering in 2D and 3D are explained and used for the interpretation and extraction of geologic features that are used in exploration. Section 3 addresses remote sensing for hydrocarbon exploration in detail, from geophysical data acquisition to development and infrastructure planning. The organization of this chapter follows an exploration workflow from regional to local modeling studying basin and petroleum system modeling as well as logistics planning of seismic surveys and near-surface modeling. Aspects of field development and infrastructure planning comprise multi-temporal and dynamic modeling. The section closes with a structured approach to extracting geologic analogs from interpreted remote sensing data. The book will be of interest to professionals and students working in exploration for hydrocarbons and water resources, as well as geoscientists and engineers using remote sensing for infrastructure planning, hazard assessment and dynamic environmental studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: LVII, 348 p. 8 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030733193
    Series Statement: Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73319-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73319-3
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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    Diversified Cropping Pattern and Agricultural Development : A Case Study from Malda District, India (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Human geography. ; Subsistence farming. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture. ; Human Geography. ; Subsistence Agriculture.
    Abstract: This book examines how crop diversification strategies can help to ensure sustainable agricultural development across different land-size categories, with a focus on Malda District in West Bengal, India. Using Malda as the study area, a region with nearly 4 million people, the book assesses the extent, pattern, factors and future of crop diversification and its contribution to the development of agriculture in Malda and in India as a whole. The work presents data from 1995-2015 concerning changing cropping patterns at various land-size distributions, and analyzes the information over the twenty year period to understand the link between crop diversification and agricultural development, in order to combat major agricultural issues and make suitable policy recommendations at micro (rural) and macro (urban) levels of agricultural planning. The study is a unique contribution to the field of agricultural geography, and will be of use to students and researchers, as well as government organizations, city/community planners and agriculture managers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVI, 285 p. 116 illus., 48 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030557287
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55728-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55728-7
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Processes in GeoMedia—Volume IV (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geophysics. ; Oceanography. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Geophysics. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of cavities under the concrete slab anchoring the upper slopes of the Novosibirsk hydroe-lectric power station using standing waves -- Acoustic measurements on synthetic fractured samples made using FDM 3D printing technology -- Variational identification of the transport model parameters in the Azov Sea based on remote sensing data -- Separated flows under hydrodynamic action of a solution on rock salt -- Innovative technologies for the construction of horizontal and two-tiered underground reservoirs in rock salt -- Coastal geology and geomorphology of the Kasatka Bay (Iturup Island, South Kuril Islands, SE Russia) -- The movement of the particles around cylindrical particle in a shear flow -- Metastable instability of Marangoni convection -- Impact of warm winters on the White Sea: in silico experiment.
    Abstract: This book corresponds to the fourth volume of the series focused on Processes in GeoMedia and their research on the dynamic of natural systems - geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and their interactions-, the human contribution to naturally occurring processes are among the most urgent and essential scientific problems. The widespread introduction of computer technology has allowed calculating complex phenomena, previously unavailable for analysis. The creation and improvement of a new generation of geophysical instruments, remote observing systems based on the ship, aircraft, and satellite allow obtaining a large amount of data to reflect the broad picture of the processes objectively. The articles included in this book also reflect a critical position in laboratory modeling of research in geo-environments and testing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 385 p. 220 illus., 99 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030763282
    Series Statement: Springer Geology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76328-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76328-2
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Soils Under Stress : More Work for Soil Science in Ukraine (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Soil science. ; Ecology . ; Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Soil Science. ; Ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture.
    Description / Table of Contents: Conceptualising sustainable management of soil organic carbon -- Status and problems of normative monetary valuation of land in Ukraine -- An investable proposal -- Creating digital elevation models using budget unmanned aerial vehicles -- Determination of eroded Chernozem on the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine using the Soil Line -- Identification of the structure of soil cover by magnetic susceptibility -- Specificity of processes in hydromorphic soils -- Anthropogenic and genetic conditions for phosphate mobility in individual -- Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus robur plantings change the physical properties of Calcic chernozem. .
    Abstract: Dokuchaev carried out most of his research in Ukraine. His student and friend, Volodymyr Vernadsky, went on to create trans-disciplinary environmental sciences and the concept of Earth as a living organism, famously taken up by James Lovelock. That spring of ideas still flows and the researches captured in this volume are relevant to present-day problems, and not only in Ukraine. Soils have always been under stress but, in the Anthropocene, mankind is in the driving seat. As a sequel to Soil Science Working for a Living: Applications of soil science to present-day problems, we consider issues of policy as well as soil genesis, attributes and functions in various environments, natural and man-made. We consider human impacts on the soil cover through its use and misuse, highlight methods of research and assessment of soil quality, and the threats of soil degradation. The distinguished contributors also describe and propose various options for evaluation and remediation of degraded soils, drawing on the latest methods of modelling and cartography as well as long-term field experiments and long experience. The book will be invaluable to researchers and practitioners in soil science including graduate and post-graduate education, academics and professionals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 255 p. 60 illus., 33 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030683948
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68394-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68394-8
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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    Coal—A Window to Past Climate and Vegetation (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Cogeneration of electric power and heat. ; Fossil fuels. ; Environment. ; Plant ecology. ; Physical geography. ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management. ; Fossil Fuel. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Plant Ecology. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. General review of Permian -- Chapter 2. Systematic description -- Chapter 3. The Microfloral Assemblages; their Environmental and Climatic Interpretation -- Chapter 4. Spontaneous Combustion of Gondwana Coals.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the Permian time slice in the geological history of Gondwana, which includes Australia, India, South Africa, Antarctica and South America. Coal is an organic rock, the product of compressed and ‘cooked’ plants. The exact formation of coal via physicochemical reactions, burial and subsidence is the subject of numerous books. The vast thick coal deposits characterising Gondwana formed from special kind of trees termed the Glossopteris Flora. These trees shed their leaves in winter and with the rest of their remains decayed and through subsidence and burial formed the coal. Pollen preserved from these plant communities has been concentrated and isolated and is the focus of this book. The first plant communities as can be seen from the pollen graphs in this book were impoverished in species. The Permian era started with a very cold climate and as the climate warmed more and more diverse vegetation took hold. The emergence of different forms of pollen at certain times in the Permian is used as an indicator of climatic change. Furthermore, the predominance of algal spores in some samples and lack of representation by pollen of Glossopteris point to significant changes in the climate which led to the disappearance of their pollen and the accumulation of spores representing algal communities. These climate induced changes are noticed in their completed transformation after a long time span; small changes are evident during a lifetime of Earth’s inhabitants. Today, in our lifetime, we can see and witness the drying of many lakes across the Earth and their total disappearance from maps of only 50 years ago is a testimony to a climatic change taking place. The time of a ‘complete’ change in the Permian is possible to calculate. However, to determine the duration and maximum change in the climate of the earth today is impossible due to the apparent acceleration of the process by industrial activities of our species. Chapter 4 in the book deals with the special characteristics of the Permian coals of Gondwana and the special plant community which made them. The composition of these coals on a microscopic level shows them to be rich in hydrocarbons, more than other coals. The Permian coals of India and Australia generate ‘heavy’ oil which is retained within the coal matrix as bitumen and is a potential source of methane. This chapter demonstrates through a pilot study the potential for explosion in the Permian Gondwana coals through their propensity to spontaneous combustion and methane generation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 142 p. 97 illus., 59 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030444723
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44472-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44472-3
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    Experimenting on a Small Planet : A History of Scientific Discoveries, a Future of Climate Change and Global Warming (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Discovering Climate -- Chapter 3. The Language of Science -- Chapter 4. Applying Mathematics to Problems -- Chapter 5. Geologic Time -- Chapter 6. Putting Numbers on Geologic Ages -- Chapter 7. Documenting Past Climate Change -- Chapter 8. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun – The Analogies with Water Waves and Sound -- Chapter 9. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun---Figuring Out What Light Really Is -- Chapter 10. Exploring the Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Chapter 11. The Origins of Climate Science---The Idea Of Energy Balance -- Chapter 12. The Climate System -- Chapter 13. What’s At The Bottom of Alice’s Rabbit Hole -- Chapter 14. Energy from the Sun---Long-Term Variations -- Chapter 15. Solar Variability and Cosmic Rays -- Chapter 16. Albedo -- Chapter 17. Air -- Chapter 18. HOH---The Keystone Of Earth’s Climate -- Chapter 19. The Atmosphere -- Chapter 20. Oxygen and Ozone---Products and Protectors of Life -- Chapter 21. Water Vapor---The Major Greenhouse Gas -- Chapter 22. Carbon Dioxide -- Chapter 23. Other Greenhouse Gases -- Chapter 24. The Earth Is a Sphere and Rotates -- Chapter 25. The Coriolis Effect -- Chapter 26. The Circulation of Earth’s Atmosphere -- Chapter 27. The Circulation of Earth’s Oceans -- Chapter 28. The Biological Interactions -- Chapter 29. Sea Level -- Chapter 30. Global Climate Change---The Geologically Immediate Past -- Chapter 31. Human Impacts on the Environment and Climate -- Chapter 32. Predictions of the Future of Humanity -- Chapter 33. Is there an Analog for the Future Climate -- Chapter 34. The Instrumental Temperature Record -- Chapter 35. The Changing Climate of the Polar Regions -- Chapter 36. Global, Regional and Local Effects of Our Changing Climate -- Chapter 37. Final Thoughts.
    Abstract: This book is a thorough introduction to climate science and global change. The author is a geologist who has spent much of his life investigating the climate of Earth from a time when it was warm and dinosaurs roamed the land, to today's changing climate. Bill Hay takes you on a journey to understand how the climate system works. He explores how humans are unintentionally conducting a grand uncontrolled experiment which is leading to unanticipated changes. We follow the twisting path of seemingly unrelated discoveries in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and even mathematics to learn how they led to our present knowledge of how our planet works. He explains why the weather is becoming increasingly chaotic as our planet warms at a rate far faster than at any time in its geologic past. He speculates on possible future outcomes, and suggests that nature itself may make some unexpected course corrections. Although the book is written for the layman with little knowledge of science or mathematics, it includes information from many diverse fields to provide even those actively working in the field of climatology with a broader view of this developing drama. Experimenting on a Small Planet is a must read for anyone having more than a casual interest in global warming and climate change - one of the most important and challenging issues of our time. This new edition includes actual data from climate science into 2021. Numerous Powerpoint slides can be downloaded to allow lecturers and teachers to more effectively use the book as a basis for climate change education.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 1001 p. 780 illus., 479 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 3rd ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030763398
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76339-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76339-8
    DDC: 500
    Language: English
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    A Faunal Review of Aleocharine Beetles in the Rapidly Changing Arctic and Subarctic Regions of North America (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Zoology. ; Environment. ; Bioinformatics. ; Ecology . ; Biodiversity. ; Physical geography. ; Zoology. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Computational and Systems Biology. ; Ecology. ; Biodiversity. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Historical review of research on Arctic and Subarctic Aleocharinae -- Material and methods -- Impact of climate change on northern fauna and flora -- Aleocharinae as indicators of change -- Faunal analysis and discussion -- Key to tribes occurring in Arctic and Subarctic zones -- Tribe Gymnusini Heer, 1839 -- Tribe Aleocharini Fleming, 1821 -- Tribe Oxypodini C.G. Thomson, 1859 -- Tribe Tachyusini C.G. Thomson, 1859 -- Tribe Hypocyphtini Laporte, 1835 -- Tribe Myllaenini Ganglbauer, 1895 -- Tribe Liparocephalini Fenyes, 1918 -- Tribe Homalotini Heer, 1839 -- Tribe Placusini Mulsant and Rey, 1871 -- Tribe Athetini Casey, 1910 -- Tribe Falagriini Mulsant and Rey, 1873.
    Abstract: Arctic and Subarctic North America is particularly affected by climate change, where average temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average. Documenting the changing climate/environment of the north requires a structured knowledge of indicator taxa that reflect the effects of climate changes. Aleocharine beetles are a dominant group of forest insects, which are being used in many projects as indicators of environmental change. Many species are forest specialists restricted to certain microhabitats, some are generalists and others are open habitat specialists. They represent many ecological niches and, as such, are good indicators for many other species as well. The majority of Canadian aleocharine beetle species (about 600 spp.) has been studied and published by Jan Klimaszewski et al. (2018, 2020), mainly from southern, central, and western Canada, while the northern taxa remain poorly known and documented. The aim of the present book is to summarize the knowledge on this insect group in the Arctic and Subarctic North America and to provide a diagnostic and ecological tool for scientists studying and monitoring insects in northern Canada and Alaska. The book includes a review of the literature, information on 238 species and their habitats, taxonomic review, images, and identification tools.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 712 p. 315 illus., 307 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030681913
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68191-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68191-3
    DDC: 590
    Language: English
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    Processes in GeoMedia—Volume V (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geophysics. ; Oceanography. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Geophysics. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Determination of cavities under the concrete slab anchoring the upper slopes of the Novosibirsk hydroe-lectric power station using standing waves -- Chapter 2: Acoustic measurements on synthetic fractured samples made using FDM 3D printing technology -- Chapter 3: Variational identification of the transport model parameters in the Azov Sea based on remote sensing data -- Chapter 4: Detached flows at rock salt exposition to aqueous solution -- Chapter 5: Innovative technologies for construction of horizontal and double-deck underground tanks in rock salt -- Chapter 6: Coastal geology and geomorphology of the Kasatka Bay (Iturup Island, South Kuril Islands, SE Russia) -- Chapter 7: The movement of the particles around cylindrical particle in a shear flow -- Chapter 8: Internal Gravity Waves Fields Dynamics in Vertically Stratified Horizontally Inhomogeneous Medium. .
    Abstract: This book corresponds to the fifth volume of the series focused on Processes in GeoMedia and their research on the dynamic of natural systems, including theoretical and experimental studies of the processes occurring in the earth's bowels, the ocean, and the atmosphere. This volume pays particular attention to geomechanical aspects of the production of hydrocarbons. This fifth volume of Processes in GeoMedia corresponds to the English edition of the journal Processes in GeoMedia, published originally in Russian.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 271 p. 129 illus., 69 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030858513
    Series Statement: Springer Geology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85851-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85851-3
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    The Physical Geography of Mongolia (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environment. ; Biodiversity. ; Climatology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Biodiversity. ; Climate Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. General Characteristics of Geography Of Mongolia -- 2. Historical Geography: Administrative Division and Research in Physical Geography of Mongolia -- 3. The Relief And Geomorphological Characteristics of Mongolia -- 4. Climate and Climate Change of Mongolia -- 5. Hydrography of Mongolia -- 6. Glacier of Mongolia -- 7. Permafrost in Mongolia -- 8. Soil of Mongolia -- 9. Biogeographical Characteristics of Mongolia -- 10. Division of the Physiographic and Natural Regions in Mongolia -- 11. Land Use and Nature Conservation in Mongolia.
    Abstract: This book gives the most detailed and comprehensive physico-geographical overview of the very unique country of Mongolia. The country offers diverse geographical features and natural landscapes combined with a long history. This book offers integrated and systematical research on the geophysical characteristics of Mongolia with an academic orientation. It provides the readers with general knowledge of the physical geography of Mongolia as well as new results of the latest research. The volume consists of 11 chapters, each written by field experts, with contributions from scientific researchers from Mongolia. The topics covered: geological and geomorphological characteristics and processes, landscapes and landforms, climate and climate change, hydrology, glaciers and permafrost, soils, environmental changes, biodiversity and many other aspects of physical geography in Mongolia. The book appeals to researchers and students of geography and related fields and can serve as a guide for field trips to Mongolia or basic literature for research projects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXII, 218 p. 122 illus., 113 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030614348
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61434-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61434-8
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Economic and Ecological Implications of Shifting Cultivation in Mizoram, India (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Economic geography. ; Physical geography. ; Regionalism. ; Economic Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Regionalism.
    Description / Table of Contents: Geo-Environmental Setting -- Brief Introduction of Case Study Villages -- Economic Implications of Shifting Cultivation -- Ecological Implications of Shifting Cultivation -- Recent Changes in Farming Systems at State Level -- New Land Use Policy and Sustainable Permanent Agriculture.
    Abstract: This book presents the first empirically tested, comprehensive study on shifting cultivation in Mizoram. Shifting cultivation is a unique and centuries-old practice carried out by the people of Mizoram in Northeast India. Today, it is a non-economic activity as it does not produce sufficient crops, and as a result, the area under shifting cultivation is decreasing. Such cultivation leads to the burning and degradation of vast areas of forestland and therefore has adverse impacts on the floral and faunal resources. This book is a valuable resource for government workers, policymakers, academics, farmers and those who are directly or indirectly associated with practical farming, or with framing and implementing policies. It is equally important to master’s and Ph.D. students of geography, resource management, development, and environmental studies who are involved in research and development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 149 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030366025
    Series Statement: Environmental Science,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36602-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36602-5
    DDC: 330.9
    Language: English
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    Rainwater Infiltration in Urban Areas (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geology. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Urban hydrology -- 3. Research of rainwater infiltration -- 4. Percolation facilities -- 5. Legislation – technical standards -- 6. Results of research- Design of percolation facility -- 7. Recommendations.
    Abstract: The book presents a comprehensive study of the percolation of water from surface runoff with a focus on the retention capacity and intensity of precipitation. Discussing the state of the art in scientific knowledge and solutions for the infiltration of water from surface runoff, the book addresses a wide variety of rainwater management issues, from precipitation, surface runoff and water infiltration, to impact on the drainage system. Although modern urban hydrology has improved the management of rainwater runoff for flood protection, public health, and environmental protection, current methods of drainage in urban areas mean that there is a continued threat to the regime of water flow and water resources. In this context, the book presents a new approach to rainwater management based on a unique fusion of hydrology, hydrogeology, urban engineering, and water management. It also includes research findings that are helpful in developing recommendations and technical guidelines for the use of infiltration systems in urban areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 141 p. 94 illus., 82 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030346980
    Series Statement: Water Science and Technology Library, 89
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34698-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34698-0
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Flood Damage Assessment and Management (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geology. ; Natural disasters. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Natural Hazards. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2.Flood risk assessment -- 3. Flood damage assessment -- 4. Flood risk management -- 5. Case studies -- 6. Conclusion.
    Abstract: The costs of damages caused by extreme weather events, among which floods are a major category, are showing a rapid upward trend, both globally and in Europe. Scope and extremity of flood episodes point to the need to build a comprehensive proposal including the completion of flood protection measures in areas exposed to flood risk. The aim of flood risk management is to present flood protection measures. This book presents the state of the art of essential knowledge on methods and tools of flood risk assessment and management to young researchers, academics, lecturers and water management practitioners. This book is dedicated to flood damage assessment focused on social, economic and environmental damages management. Its objectives are to develop a general methodology for flood risk assessment and to present a choice of effective flood protection methods according the objectives of flood risk management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 120 p. 46 illus., 36 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030500535
    Series Statement: Water Science and Technology Library, 94
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50053-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50053-5
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Ice Age Floodscapes of the Pacific Northwest : A Photographic Exploration (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Mineralogy. ; Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Mineralogy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1.Introduction -- Chapter 2-Background -- Chapter 3-Ice age outbursts -- Chapter 4-Channeled scabland -- Chapter 5-Erosional features -- Chapter 6-Depositional features. .
    Abstract: This heavily illustrated book contains descriptions and geologic interpretations of photographs (mostly aerial) illustrating the power and magnitude of repeated Ice Age flooding in the Pacific Northwest, as recently as 14,000 years ago. The scale of Ice Age floods was so huge that today it is often difficult to see and appreciate the power and magnitude of such megafloods from ground level. However, from the air, landforms created by the floods often come into clear focus. Aerial images, obtained via unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) as well as fixed-wing airplane, add a new perspective on evidence gathered by dozens of scientists since 1923.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 180 p. 298 illus., 291 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030530433
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53043-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53043-3
    DDC: 551
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    A Visual Atlas for Soil Micromorphologists (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Soil science. ; Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Soil Science. ; Earth Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. The multiscalar nature of soils -- Chapter 2. History of micromorphology -- Chapter 3. Observation and sampling of soils -- Chapter 4. How to make thin sections -- Chapter 5.The polarised light microscope -- Chapter 6. Other techniques of observation -- Chapter 7. Electron and energy imaging -- Chapter 8. Colours of minerals -- Chapter 9. The micromorphological approach -- Chapter 10. Concept of fabric -- Chapter 11. Multiscalar approach to fabric -- Chapter 12. Basic distribution patterns -- Chapter 13. c/f related distributions I -- Chapter 14. c/f related distributions II -- Chapter 15. Aggregates and aggregation -- Chapter 16. Degree of separation and accommodation of aggregates -- Chapter 17. The nature of voids -- Chapter 18. Morphology of voids I -- Chapter 19. The morphology of voids II -- Chapter 20. Microstructure I -- Chapter 21. Microstructure II -- Chapter 22. Mineral and organic constituents -- Chapter 23. Particle size and sorting -- Chapter 24. Shape of grains: equidimensionality -- Chapter 25. Shape of grains: roundness and sphericity -- Chapter 26. Basalt, granite, and gabbro -- Chapter 27. Schist, gneiss, and amphibolite -- Chapter 28. Quartzite and marble -- Chapter 29. Calcium-bearing sedimentary rocks -- Chapter 30. Sand and sandstone -- Chapter 31. Mineral grains in the soil I: quartz and chalcedony -- Chapter 32. Mineral grains in the soil II: feldspar and mica -- Chapter 33. Mineral grains in the soil III: inosilicates and nesosilicates -- Chapter 34. Mineral grains in the soil IV: carbonates -- Chapter 35. Mineral grains in the soil V: chlorides and sulfates -- Chapter 36. Biominerals I -- Chapter 37. Biominerals II -- Chapter 38. Biominerals III -- Chapter 39. Anthropogenic features I -- Chapter 40. Anthropogenic features II -- Chapter 41. Organic matter I -- Chapter 42. Organic matter II -- Chapter 43. Humus -- Chapter 44. Micromass -- Chapter 45. B-fabric I -- Chapter 46. B-fabric II -- Chapter 47. Imprints of pedogenesis -- Chapter 48. Iron- and manganese-bearing nodules -- Chapter 49. Carbonate nodules -- Chapter 50. Polygenetic nodules -- Chapter 51. Nodules: morphology and border shape -- Chapter 52. Nodules: orthic, anorthic, disorthic -- Chapter 53. Crystals and crystal intergrowths -- Chapter 54. Impregnations -- Chapter 55. Depletions -- Chapter 56. Coatings with clays I -- Chapter 57. Coatings with clays II -- Chapter 58. Micropans, coarse coatings, cappings, and crusts -- Chapter 59. Hypocoatings and quasicoatings: amorphous -- Chapter 60. Coatings and hypocoatings: crystalline -- Chapter 61. Mineral infillings -- Chapter 62. Mineral infillings of biological origin -- Chapter 63. Pedoturbations -- Chapter 64. Faecal pellets -- Chapter 65. Dung and vertebrate excrements -- Chapter 66. Composite pedogenic features -- Chapter 67. Uncommon features -- Chapter 68. Pedofeatures and soil processes -- Chapter 69. Clay dynamics I - Translocation -- Chapter 70. Clay dynamics II - Swelling -- Chapter 71. Water dynamics. -- Chapter 72. Carbonate and gypsum dynamics -- Chapter 73. Processes involving iron oxyhydroxides -- Chapter 74. Biogeochemical processes I -- Chapter 75. Biogeochemical processes II -- Chapter 76. The future of soil micromorphology -- Chapter 77. Beyond the two dimensions -- Chapter 78. The prospect of chemical imaging.
    Abstract: This open access atlas is an up-to-date visual resource on the features and structures observed in soil thin sections, i.e. soil micromorphology. The book addresses the growing interest in soil micromorphology in the fields of soil science, earth science, archaeology and forensic science, and serves as a reference tool for researchers and students for fast learning and intuitive feature and structure recognition. The book is divided into six parts and contains hundreds of images and photomicrographs. Part one is devoted to the way to sample properly soils, the method of preparation of thin sections, the main tool of soil micromorphology (the microscope), and the approach of soil micromorphology as a scientific method. Part two focuses on the organisation of soil fragments and presents the concept of fabric. Part three addresses the basic components, e.g. rocks, minerals, organic compounds and anthropogenic features. Part four lists all the various types of pedogenic features observed in a soil, i.e. the imprint of pedogenesis. Part five gives interpretations of features associated with the main processes at work in soils and paleosols. Part six presents a view of what the future of soil micromorphology could be. Finally, the last part consists of the index and annexes, including the list of mineral formulas. This atlas will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students, who will find it a convenient tool for the self-teaching of soil micromorphology by using comparative photographs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 177 p. 82 illus., 81 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030678067
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67806-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67806-7
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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    Large Asian Lakes in a Changing World : Natural State and Human Impact (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Archaeology. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Archaeology. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Dead Sea and Its Deviation from Natural Conditions -- Lake Sevan: Evolution, Biotic Variability and Ecological Degradation -- Past and Current Changes in the Largest Lake of the World: The Caspian Sea -- The Aral Sea: A Story of Devastation and Partial Recovery of a Large Lake -- Geological History and Present Conditions of Lake Balkhash -- Lake Issyk-Kul: Its History and Present State -- Lop Nur in NW China: Its Natural State, and a Long history of Human Impact -- Uvs Nuur: A Sentinel for Climate Change in Eastern Central Asia. .
    Abstract: Describing the natural state of eight important lakes in Asia and the human impact on these lake ecosystems, this book offers a valuable reference guide. Over the past several decades the Aral Sea, Dead Sea, Lake Balkhash and other major lakes in Asia have undergone significant changes with regard to their size, water level, chemical composition, and flora and fauna. Most of these changes resulted from the loss of water from tributaries (now used for irrigation farming) or increasing consumption in local industries and households. However, significant human impacts may have begun as early as 2000 years ago. In addition to the three lakes mentioned above, Lake Sevan (Armenia), the Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan), Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan), and Lake Lop Nur (China) are discussed as the most prominent examples of changing lake ecosystems. In contrast, an example of an almost pristine lake ecosystem is included with the report on Lake Uvs Nuur (Mongolia). For each lake, the book summarizes its origin and early geological history, and reconstructs its natural state and variability on the basis of proxy records from drilled or exposed lake sediments that have accumulated since the last ice age. The frequently observed reductions in lake level and size during most recent decades led often to significant environmental impacts in the respective lake catchments including vegetation deterioration, soil erosion and badland formation, soil salinization or the formation of sinkholes. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 264 p. 59 illus., 49 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030422547
    Series Statement: Springer Water,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42254-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42254-7
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Inland Dunes of North America (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geography. ; Sedimentology. ; Environment. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Regional Geography. ; Sedimentology. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Introduction -- Chapter2. Quaternary Eolian Dunes and Sand Sheets in Inland Locations of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province, U.S.A. -- Chapter3. Dunes of the Laurentian Great Lakes -- Chapter4. The Central and Southern Great Plains -- Chapter5. The Nebraska Sand Hills -- Chapter6. White Sands -- Chapter7. Great Sand Dunes -- Chapter8. Colorado Plateau -- Chapter9. Southwest Deserts.
    Abstract: Inland sand dunes are widespread in North America and are found from the North Slope of Alaska to the Sonoran Desert in northern Mexico and from the Delmarva Peninsula in the east to Southern California in the west. In this edited book, we highlight recent research on areas of inland dunes that span a range from those that are actively accumulating in current conditions of climate and sediment supply to those that were formed in past conditions and are now degraded relict systems. This book will be of interest to researchers and scholars of physical geography, geomorphology, environmental sciences, and earth sciences. Contributions include detailed analyses of individual active dune systems at White Sands, New Mexico; Great Sand Dunes, Colorado; and the Laurentian Great Lakes; as well as the vegetation-stabilized dunes of the Nebraska Sand Hills and the Colorado Plateau. Additional chapters discuss the widespread partially vegetated dune systems of the central and southern Great Plains; the relict dunes of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the eastern USA; and active and stabilized dunes of the Colorado Plateau and the southwestern deserts of the USA and northern Mexico. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 337 p. 126 illus., 97 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030404987
    Series Statement: Dunes of the World,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40498-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40498-7
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 157
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    Climate Change and the White World (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; Oceanography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Climate Sciences. ; Ocean Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Introduction -- Part I: Arctic and Antarctic -- Part II: Climate change and adaptation -- Part III: Himalayan Cryosphere and climate change.
    Abstract: This book showcases the results of studies pertaining to climate changes in the Polar Regions - Arctic-Antarctic-Himalaya. It discusses the significant variations due to thinning of sea ice in the Arctic, insights on the first Indian Arctic multi-sensor mooring (IndARC), political context of major geological and tectonic features of Arctic Ocean, climate change and its predicted impacts on fisheries and coastal communities. The book also contains the work pursued under the National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystems, aiming towards strengthening the capacities of farmers through appropriate Lab-to-Land intervention to combat climate change issues. Discussions on various models like WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting), Regional Climate Model (RegCM4) pertaining to Himalaya have been highlighted to gain more insights on climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVIII, 238 p. 112 illus., 96 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030216795
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21679-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21679-5
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 158
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    Voyages on the Northern Sea Route (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Transportation engineering. ; Traffic engineering. ; Climatology. ; Physical Geography. ; Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. ; Climate Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Problems of planning vessel voyages in ice -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part II. Overcoming ice and speed of a vessel -- Chapter 2. The ability to overcome ice and speed of vessel navigating independently in ice -- Part III. Dangerous phenomena and hazards to shipping -- Chapter 3. Dangerous hydro-meteorological phenomena occurring on the NSR -- Part IV. Suggested routes and voyahe dates -- Chapter 4. Routes outside ice-covered zones on the NSR for vessels without ice strengthening -- Chapter 5. Dates of opening and closing of the seas for ice-free navigation -- Part V. Models of decision-making systems -- Chapter 6. Decision-making system of initial voyage planning -- Chapter 7. Operational voyage planning and verification of the initial voyage planning system -- Chapter 8. Summary and conclusions -- Appendices.
    Abstract: This book explains vessels’ ability to overcome ice on the Northern Sea Route, as well as the criteria of safe speed and maneuvering of vessels on ice. It provides a successful long-term forecast of ice navigation and reveals the dangers of sailing on the Northern Sea Rote, It includes tips on how to plan and schedule voyages in the Russian Arctic. The book develops a set of suggested routes for the period of opening and closing of the transit ice-free zone through the NSR based on the last eleven navigation seasons. It presents a method for determining the date for beginning a voyage of a vessel without ice strengthening through the NSR. It also develops a model of initial (long-term) and operational decision-making support system for vessel voyage planning and scheduling. The main audience for the book are officers at operational and management level of competency, people planning voyages on the Northern Sea Route in the office of ship operator and in chartering department or consulting company, and participants of Ice Navigator IMO Model Courses at basic and advanced level of competency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVIII, 279 p. 317 illus., 61 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030254902
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25490-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25490-2
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 159
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    Introduction to Python in Earth Science Data Analysis : From Descriptive Statistics to Machine Learning (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Computer simulation. ; Statistics . ; Earth System Sciences. ; Computer Modelling. ; Applied Statistics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Python for Geologists, a kick-off -- Setting Up Your Python Environment, Easily -- Python Essentials for a Geologist -- Start Solving Geological Problems Using Python -- Part II Describing Geological Data -- Graphical Visualization of a Geological Dataset -- Descriptive Statistics -- Part III Integrals and Differential Equations in Geology -- Numerical Integration -- Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) -- Partial Differential Equations (PDE) -- Part IV Probability Density Functions and Error Analysis -- Probability Density Functions and their Use in Geology -- Error Analysis -- Part V Robust Statistics and Machine Learning -- Introduction to Robust Statistics -- 12. Machine Learning.
    Abstract: This textbook introduces the use of Python programming for exploring and modelling data in the field of Earth Sciences. It drives the reader from his very first steps with Python, like setting up the environment and starting writing the first lines of codes, to proficient use in visualizing, analyzing, and modelling data in the field of Earth Science. Each chapter contains explicative examples of code, and each script is commented in detail. The book is minded for very beginners in Python programming, and it can be used in teaching courses at master or PhD levels. Also, Early careers and experienced researchers who would like to start learning Python programming for the solution of geological problems will benefit the reading of the book.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 229 p. 112 illus., 104 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030780555
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78055-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78055-5
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 160
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    Deltas in the Anthropocene (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Economic development. ; Environmental management. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Development Studies. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Delta challenges and trade-offs from the Holocene to the Anthropocene -- 2. Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta, Bangladesh and India: A transnational mega-delta -- 3. The Mahanadi Delta: A rapidly developing delta in India -- 4. The Volta Delta, Ghana: challenges in an African setting -- 5. Fluvial sediment supply and relative sea-level rise -- 6. Hotspots of present and future risk within deltas; hazards, exposure and vulnerability -- 7. Where people live and move in deltas -- 8. Delta economics and sustainability -- 9. Adapting to change: People and policies -- 10. Choices: Future trade-offs and plausible pathways -- 11. Sustainable deltas in the Anthropocene.
    Abstract: The Anthropocene is the human-dominated modern era that has accelerated social, environmental and climate change across the world in the last few decades. This open access book examines the challenges the Anthropocene presents to the sustainable management of deltas, both the many threats as well as the opportunities. In the world’s deltas the Anthropocene is manifest in major land use change, the damming of rivers, the engineering of coasts and the growth of some of the world’s largest megacities; deltas are home to one in twelve of all people in the world. The book explores bio-physical and social dynamics and makes clear adaptation choices and trade-offs that underpin policy and governance processes, including visionary delta management plans. It details new analysis to illustrate these challenges, based on three significant and contrasting deltas: the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna, Mahanadi and Volta. This multi-disciplinary, policy-orientated volume is strongly aligned to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals as delta populations often experience extremes of poverty, gender and structural inequality, variable levels of health and well-being, while being vulnerable to extreme and systematic climate change. Robert J Nicholls is Professor of Coastal Engineering within Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton, UK. He has contributed to a wide range of influential national and international publications including the IPCC Assessment Reports. W Neil Adger is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Exeter, UK. His research examines demographic, political economy, public health and well-being aspects of the Anthropocene. Craig W Hutton is Professor of Sustainability Science within Geography and Environment at the University of Southampton, UK. His research focuses on spatial analysis of vulnerability and the incorporation of sustainable management, policy and governance into decision-making processes. Susan E Hanson is Research Fellow within Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton, UK. She specializes in coastal vulnerability and management, particularly as a consequence of climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXIII, 282 p. 55 illus., 52 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030235178
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23517-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23517-8
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    The Soils of Nevada (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Soil science. ; Geomorphology. ; Sedimentology. ; Physical geography. ; Biodiversity. ; Soil Science. ; Geomorphology. ; Sedimentology. ; Physical Geography. ; Biodiversity.
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview -- History of Soil Studies in Nevada -- Soil-Forming Factors -- General Soil Regions of Nevada -- Soil Geomorphology of Nevada -- Diagnostic Horizons and Taxonomic Structure of Nevada Soils -- Taxonomic Soil Regions of Nevada -- Aridisols -- Mollisols -- Entisols -- Inceptisols -- Alfisols, Vertisols, and Andisols -- Soil-Forming Processes in Nevada -- Benchmark, Endemic, Rare, and Endangered Soils in Nevada.-Land Use in Nevada -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book discusses Nevada in the context of the history of soil investigations; soil-forming factors; general soil regions; soil geomorphology; taxonomic structure of the soils; taxonomic soil regions; soil-forming processes; benchmark, endemic, rare, and endangered soils; and use of soils. With an average mean annual precipitation of 175 mm (7 in), Nevada is the driest state in the USA. More than three-quarters (89%) of the state has been mapped and the first soil survey was completed in 1909. Nevada is divided into 10 major land-resource areas and features two large deserts (the Great Basin Desert and the Mojave Desert), and over 100 north–south trending enclosed basins separated by mountain ranges (Basin and Range Province), several of which have peaks exceeding 3,400 m. Further, the soils of Nevada represent seven of the 12 globally recognized orders, 29 suborders, 69 great groups, and over 1,800 soil series, and some of the classic research on the origin of duripans and petrocalcic horizons was conducted in the state. This book presents the first report on the soils of Nevada and provides the first soil map of Nevada utilizing soil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 301 p. 104 illus., 84 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030531577
    Series Statement: World Soils Book Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53157-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53157-7
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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  • 162
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    The Dinaric Karst System of Croatia : Speleology and Cave Exploration (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Civil engineering. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Earth Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Civil Engineering. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Karst and Geology of Croatia -- The Dinaric karst system in Croatia -- Underground karst morphology (speleology) -- Caves in Croatia - Caves in the central part of Dinaric karst -- Caverns found and explored during construction work in the Dinaric Karst of Croatia -- Caverns found and explored during construction of road tunnels in Istria and the Gorski kotar region -- Caverns found and explored during the construction of road tunnels in Lika and Dalmatia regions and the city of Rijeka -- Caverns found and explored during the construction of bridges, viaducts, roads and railroads -- Caverns found and explored during the construction of airports and in quarries -- Particularly interesting and rare occurrences in caves of the Dinaric Karst in Croatia -- Cave speleometry in the Dinaric Karst of Croatia -- Research Methods -- International activity of speleologists from Croatia -- .
    Abstract: This book offers readers a thorough introduction to the Dinaric Karst System in Croatia. As the first comprehensive book on the country’s caves and karst, it presents a wealth of fascinating photographs from its karst underground. To date, ca. 12,000 caves and pits have been confirmed in Croatia, approximately 35% of which contain constant groundwater. Knowing the amount, direction and quality of groundwater that has been discovered in caves of the Croatian karst allows us to predict with greater certainty the hydrogeological situation of some karst areas where no special drilling or borehole measurements were performed. In the process of building highways in the country’s karst regions over the last thirty years, thousands of caverns (speleological features without natural entrances) were discovered and thoroughly explored. All of them were geologically mapped, surveyed, and photographed in detail. Extensive research was systematically carried out in Croatian karst regions on sections of roads, highways, cuttings, slides, tunnels, bridge foundations, viaducts, etc., while creating ca. 800 kilometers of highways (such as the Zagreb-Rijeka highway, Zagreb-Split-Dubrovnik highway, Y-Ipsilon of Istria semi-highway, Rijeka-Rupa highway, Zagreb-Zadar semi-highway, and the Rijeka bypass). Some of these caverns contain major chambers like in the “Sveti Rok” tunnel and in some of them, like in the “Vrata” tunnel, it was even necessary to build a bridge. This bridge is the longest one in the world built in a tunnel over a cavern. The book describes this and many more features of the cave exploration of the Dinaric Karst System of Croatia, making it a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, cavers, and all other readers interested in karst.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 437 p. 449 illus., 445 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030805876
    Series Statement: Cave and Karst Systems of the World,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80587-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80587-6
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Bottom Gravity Currents and Overflows in Deep Channels of the Atlantic Ocean : Observations, Analysis, and Modeling (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Abstract of the book. Bottom gravity currents and overflows in deep channels of the Atlantic -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Deep Water Masses of the South and North Atlantic -- Chapter 2. General Overview of Abyssal Pathways, and Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- Chapter 3. Source Regions -- Chapter 4. Exchange between the Argentine and Brazil Basins; Abyssal Pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- Chapter 5. Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin -- Chapter 6. Fractures in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge of the North Atlantic -- Chapter 7. Eastern Basin Pathways and Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the East Atlantic -- Chapter 8. Passages in the East Azores Ridge -- Chapter 9. Flows through the Northern Channels in the North Atlantic -- Summary of Research and Integrated Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the analysis of bottom waters flows through underwater channels of the Atlantic Ocean. The study is based on recent observations of the authors, analysis of historical data, numerical modeling, and literature review. For example, studying both the measurements from the World Ocean Circulation experiment in the 1990s and recent measurements reveals the decadal variations of water properties in the ocean. Seawater is cooled at high latitudes, descends to the ocean bottom, and slowly flows to the tropical latitudes and further. This current is slow in the deep basins, but intensifies in the abyssal channels connecting the basins. The current overflows submarine topographic structures and sometimes forms deep cataracts when water descends over slopes by several hundred meters. The flow of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is studied on the basis of CTD sections combined with Lowered Acoustic Doppler Profiling (LADCP) carried out annually, and long-term moored measurements of currents. This book is a collection of oceanographic data, interpretation, and analysis, which can be used by field oceanographers, specialists in numerical modeling, and students who specialize in oceanography. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXX, 483 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030830748
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83074-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83074-8
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes : Proceedings of Coast Bordeaux Symposium and of the 17th French-Japanese Oceanography Symposium (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Biotic communities. ; Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environment. ; Ecosystems. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Introductory Communications -- Chapter 1. Our Future and The Oceans -- Chapter 2. General guidelines for future exchanges in marine science and technology between the two Sociétés franco-japonaises d’Océanographie -- Part II: Identification and Analysis of Environmental Stressors -- Chapter 3. The Japan Sea: a changing Pacific Asian marginal sea -- Chapter 4. Statistical analysis of surface circulation in Sagami Bay using High Frequency（HF）Radar -- Chapter 5. Statistical analysis of high frequency pCO2 data acquired with the Astan buoy (Southern Western English Channel, off Roscoff) -- Chapter 6. Spatial variation in pCO2 based on 16 years of in-situ measurements in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan -- Chapter 7. The Bay of Seine: a resilient socio-eco-system under cumulative pressures -- Chapter 8. Effect of bacterial infection on the expression of stress proteins and antioxidative enzymes in Japanese flounder -- Part III: Impacts on Socio-Eco-Systems and Biological Resources -- Chapter 9. A Review of the Effects of Global Warming and Currents Trends on Fisheries and its Impact on Important Commercial Species in Japan -- Chapter 10. Physiology of winter coral bleaching in temperate zone -- Chapter 11. Preliminary report of impacts of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami and subsequent events on macrobenthic community in a shallow brackish lagoon in Sendai Bay, Japan -- Chapter 12. Post-tsunami oyster feeding environment in Nagatsuraura Bay for three years -- Chapter 13. Seagrass-oyster farmers interaction detected by eelgrass DNA analysis in Hinase area of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan -- Chapter 14. Fisheries Biology of Blue Sharks in Sagami Bay, Japan -- Part IV: Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems and Risk Assessment -- Chapter 15. Temperature and salinity changes in coastal waters of Western Europe: variability, trends and extreme events -- Chapter 16. Risk Based Consenting of Offshore Renewable Energy Projects (RICORE) -- Chapter 17. Does global warming favour the occurrence of recent blue mussel mortality events in France? -- Chapter 18. Integrated ecosystem management for exploited coastal ecosystem dynamics under oligotrophication and climate changes -- Chapter 19. Forty years of decline and 10 years of management plan: are European eels (Anguilla anguilla) recovering? -- Chapter 20. The management of Mediterranean coastal habitats: a plea for a socio-ecosystem-based approach.
    Abstract: Coastal and estuarine environments at the interface of terrestrial and marine areas are among the most productive in the world. However, since the beginning of the industrial era, these ecosystems have been subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures intensified from the second half of the 20th century, when there was a marked acceleration in the warming (climate change) of the continents, particularly at high latitudes. Coastal ecosystems are highly vulnerable to alteration of their physical, chemical and biological characteristics (marine intrusion, acidification of marine environments, changes in ecosystems, evolution and artificialization of the coastline, etc.). In contact with heavily populated areas, these environments are often the receptacle of a lot of chemical and biological pollution sources that significantly diminish their resilience. In this context of accelerated evolution and degradation of these areas important for food security of many populations around the world, it is necessary to better identify the factors of pressure and understand, at different scales of observation, their effects and impacts on the biodiversity and on the socio-eco-systems, in order to determine the degree of vulnerability of these coastal ecosystems and the risks they face. A transdisciplinary and integrated approach is required to prevent risks. Within this framework, operational coastal oceanography occupies an important place but also the implementation of a true socio-eco-system approach in order to set up an environmentally friendly development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIX, 517 p. 248 illus., 194 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030434847
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43484-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43484-7
    DDC: 577
    Language: English
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    Karstology in the Classical Karst (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Structural-Geological Mapping of Karst Area -- Late Cretaceous and Paleogene Paleokarsts of the Northern Sector of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform -- Lithomorphogenesis of Karst Surface -- Significant Findings from Karst Sediment Research -- Measurements of Present-Day Limestone Dissolution and Calcite Precipitation Rates with Limestone Tablets in Stream Caves (with the Case Study of Škocjanske Jame) -- Water Quality Monitoring in Karst -- Planning Contamination Emergency Response Measures for Karst Water Sources -- Deciphering Epiphreatic Conduit Geometry from Head and Flow Data -- Microbial Underground; Microorganisms and Their Habitats in Škocjan Caves -- Changing Perspectives on Subterranean Habitats -- Research Infrastructures and Karst Science.
    Abstract: This book presents the latest advances in karstology by researchers at the ZRC SAZU Karst Research Institute, Slovenia – home of Classical Karst. It features interdisciplinary investigations carried out on the karst surface, subsurface, caves, and associated waters. It covers various topics, such as analysis of karst processes, including the mineralogical and lithological characteristics of sediments and carbonate rocks; structural geological mapping; detecting the old traces of paleokarst; the formation of karst surfaces in a variety of types of rock and conditions; and the evolution of karst, which can aid in dating sediments, and in tracing aquifers using artificial and natural tracers. In addition, the book provides detailed information on the use and development of various research methods, ranging from comprehensive field research, long-term measurements, and laboratory analyses to computer and laboratory modeling. Integrating karst geology, geomorphology, hydrology, ecology, speleobiology, and microbiology research, these methods provide readers with a far deeper understanding of karst terrains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 222 p. 195 illus., 165 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030268275
    Series Statement: Advances in Karst Science,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26827-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26827-5
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Disaster Risks (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Physical geography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Natural Hazards. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Humanities and Social Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 / Sustainable Development Goals: Life two years after relocation: Status quo of natural hazard induced displacement and relocation in Kegalle, Sri Lanka -- Development of a legume-based disaster resilient emergency food product -- Applicability of drywall technology in disaster relocation projects: Time-based performance analysis -- Research and Innovation in the Context of Disaster Resilience in the Sri Lankan Higher Education Sector -- Role of the Built Environment in rebuilding Displaced and Host Communities -- Strategy for the establishment of Local Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Plans in Sri Lanka: a study on its effectiveness and challenges through a pilot programme -- Disasters, Climate Change and Development Nexus: Food Security Sector in Asia -- The Role and Challenges for Local Governments in Achieving the Resilience of Critical Infrastructure -- Role of Disaster Risk Resilient Cities in Facilitating the Achievement of Sustainable Development -- Disaster Risk Reduction: The Impact of PDO on South-west monsoon rainfall over Sri Lanka and monsoon- ENSO relation -- Local responsiveness to changes in climate: A case of underutilized marine and aquatic resources.
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of papers under the theme of multi-hazard early warning and disaster risks. These were selected from the presentations made at the International Symposium on Tsunami and Multi-Hazard Risks, Early Warning and Community Awareness in supporting implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. This conference aimed to recognize achievements and to highlight work that still needs to be carried out. The conference promoted collaboration among academia, research institutions and disaster management offices, and further encouraged multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral interaction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: LI, 892 p. 239 illus., 214 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030730031
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73003-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73003-1
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Climate Change and Groundwater: Planning and Adaptations for a Changing and Uncertain Future : WSP Methods in Water Resources Evaluation Series No. 6 (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to Climate Change and Groundwater -- 2. Climate and Groundwater Primer -- 3. Historical Evidence for Anthropogenic Climate Change and Climate Modeling Basics -- 4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Global Climate Change Projections -- 5. Modeling of Climate Change and Aquifer Recharge and Water Levels -- 6. Sea Level Rise and Groundwater -- 7. Climate Change and Small Islands -- 8. Groundwater Related Impacts of Climate Change on Infrastructure -- 9. Adaptation and Resilience Concepts -- 10. Adaptation Options -- 11. Conjunctive Use -- 12. Climate Change Adaptation - Water Management Decision Making Process -- 13. Regional Hydrological Impacts to Climate Changes and Adaptation Actions and Options -- 14. Applied Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation.
    Abstract: This book attempts to bridge the gap between the climate change research and decision-making communities by exploring the impacts of climate change on groundwater from a more applied perspective. Global climate change will impact groundwater demands, quality, and available supplies, and rising sea level may cause water tables to rise, inundating low-lying coastal areas. Groundwater will increasingly be needed to perform a stabilization role in mitigating fluctuations in the supply of surface waters, serving as a buffer against droughts. Climate change has become a frequent subject in the mass media, and the academic literature on the subject is now enormous. An impediment to climate change adaptation with respect to water is a poor link between the climate change research community and the actual decision-makers responsible for water supply planning. Key issues explored are methods for evaluating potential impacts on climate change on local groundwater systems, the adaptation of decision-making process, and how climate change adaptation can be mainstreamed into the water supply planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 350 p. 54 illus., 49 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030668136
    Series Statement: Springer Hydrogeology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66813-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66813-6
    DDC: 551.48
    Language: English
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    Textures, Structures and Processes of Volcanic Successions : Examples from Southern Central Andes (Northwestern Argentina, 22º–28ºS) (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Human geography. ; Natural Hazards. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Part I - CENOZOIC VOLCANISM -- Chapter 1 - Calderas -- Chapter 2 - Composite volcanoes (Stratovolcanoes) -- Chapter 3 -- Silicic dome complexes -- Chapter 4 - Monogenetic mafic volcanism -- Part II - PALEOZOIC VOLCANISM -- Chapter 1 - Ordovician volcanism in the northern Famatina System -- Chapter 2 - Ordovician volcanism in the Puna -- Chapter 3 - Carboniferous extensional volcanism -- References.
    Abstract: This book provides a complete study of the Central Andean volcanism and its most distinctive features, from the lower Paleozoic to the Cenozoic times in the framework of its processes, eruptive mechanisms and geodynamic conditions. It helps readers understand the nature of the volcanic geology and the volcaniclastic related deposits linked to the evolution of the Andean continental margin. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the ancient volcanic successions and the difficulties in recognition of the original rock type caused by the effects of deformation, metamorphism and alteration. The authors use distinctive cases to describe how to apply different tools in analysis and interpretation. The selected representative, well exposed and preserved volcanic records of the Southern Central Andes analyzed in this book open new perspectives in the understanding of the volcanic processes linked to active continental margins as the Central Andes. This book will be of special interest to volcanologists and specialists in the earth sciences and appeal to both undergraduate and graduate students in geology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 166 p. 138 illus., 137 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030520106
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52010-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-52010-6
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 169
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    Alpine Plant Life : Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Ecology . ; Botany. ; Physical geography. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology. ; Plant Science. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Conservation Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: PRELIMINARY (ToC of second edition) 1 Plant ecology at high elevations -- The concept of limitation -- A regional and historical account -- The challenge of alpine plant research -- 2 The alpine life zone -- Altitudinal boundaries -- Global alpine land area -- Alpine plant diversity -- Origin of alpine floras -- Alpine growth forms -- 3 Alpine climate -- Which alpine climate -- Common features of alpine climates -- Regional features of alpine climates -- 4 The climate plants experience -- Interactions of relief, wind and sun -- How alpine plants influence their climate -- The geographic variation of alpine climate -- 5 Life under snow: protection and limitation -- Temperatures under snow -- Solar radiation under snow -- Gas concentrations under snow -- Plant responses to snowpack -- 6 Alpine soils -- Physics of alpine soil formation -- The organic compound -- The interaction of organic and inorganic compounds -- 7 Alpine treelines -- About trees and lines -- Current altitudinal positions of climatic treelines -- Treeline-climate relationships -- Intrazonal variations and pantropical plateauing of alpine treelines -- Treelines in the past -- Attempts at a functional explanation of treelines -- A hypothesis for treeline formation -- Growth trends near treelines -- Evidence for sink limitation -- 8 Climatic stress -- Survival of low temperature extremes -- Avoidance and tolerance of low temperature extremes -- Heat stress in alpine plants -- Ultraviolet radiation — a stress factor -- 9 Water relations -- Ecosystem water balance -- Soil moisture at high altitudes -- Plant water relations — a brief review of principles -- Water relations of alpine plants -- Desiccation stress -- Water relations of special plant types -- 10 Mineral nutrition -- Soil nutrients -- The nutrient status of alpine plants -- Nutrient cycling and nutrient budgets -- Nitrogen fixation -- Mycorrhiza -- Responses of vegetation to variable nutrient supply -- 11 Uptake and loss of carbon -- Photosynthetic capacity of alpine plants -- Photosynthetic responses to the environment -- Daily carbon gain of leaves -- The seasonal carbon gain of leaves -- C4 and CAM photosynthesis at high altitudes -- Tissue respiration of alpine plants -- Ecosystem carbon balance -- 12 Carbon investments -- Non-structural carbohydrates -- Lipids and energy content -- Carbon costs of leaves and roots -- Whole plant carbon allocation -- 13 Growth dynamics and phenology -- Seasonal growth -- Diurnal leaf extension -- Rates of plant dry matter accumulation -- Functional duration of leaves and roots -- 14 Cell division and tissue formation -- Cell size and plant size -- Mitosis and the cell cycle -- From meristem activity to growth control -- 15 Plant biomass production -- The structure of alpine plant canopies -- Primary productivity of alpine vegetation -- Plant dry matter pools -- Biomass losses through herbivores -- 16 Plant reproduction -- Flowering and pollination -- Seed development and seed size -- Germination -- Alpine seed banks and natural recruitment -- Clonal propagation -- Alpine plant age -- Community processes -- 17 Global change at high elevation -- Alpine land use -- The impact of altered atmospheric chemistry -- Climatic change and alpine ecosystems -- References (with chapter annotation) -- Taxonomic index (genera) -- Geographical index -- Color plates -- Plant life forms -- The alpine life zone -- Environmental stress -- The human dimension.
    Abstract: This book is a completely revised, substantially extended treatment of the physical and biological factors that drive life in high mountains. The book covers the characteristics of alpine plant life, alpine climate and soils, life under snow, stress tolerance, treeline ecology, plant water, carbon, and nutrient relations, plant growth and productivity, developmental processes, and two largely novel chapters on alpine plant reproduction and global change biology. The book explains why the topography driven exposure of plants to dramatic micro-climatic gradients over very short distances causes alpine biodiversity to be particularly robust against climatic change. Geographically, this book draws on examples from all parts of the world, including the tropics. This book is complemented with novel evidence and insight that emerged over the last 17 years of alpine plant research. The number of figures – mostly in color – nearly doubled, with many photographs providing a vivid impression of alpine plant life worldwide. Christian Körner was born in 1949 in Austria, received his academic education at the University of Innsbruck, and was full professor of Botany at the University of Basel from 1989 to 2014. As emeritus Professor he is continuing alpine plant research in the Swiss Alps.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 500 p. 319 illus., 283 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 3rd ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030595388
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59538-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59538-8
    DDC: 577
    Language: English
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    International Business, Trade and Institutional Sustainability (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Management. ; International business enterprises. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Management. ; International Business. ; Physical Geography. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Global Sustainable Management Practices -- Chapter 1. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Initiatives of Multinational Hotel Corporations -- Chapter 2. Sustainable Initiatives and practices of the most sustainable organizations in the world -- Chapter 3. Plastic Bag Ban in the context of Corporate Social Responsibility: Consumption, Trade vis-a’-vis Environmental Sustainability Concern, etc.
    Abstract: This book addresses the gap between innovative technologies and their adoption. It showcases research, feasibility studies and projects that demonstrate a variety of ways to implement environmental sustainability in globally operating firms, as well as best practices in areas such as international management, adoption of cleaner technologies, global supply chains, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and transportation. The book provides state-of-the-art information on issues including: • Global sustainable management practices • Global sustainable food and agricultural markets • Global responsible mining and energy • Global sustainable sourcing • Global sustainable transportation • Global conservation innovations and investments Presenting expert contributions from industry, government and academia, discussing a variety of themes and perspectives on the topic "international business as a positive force of environmental sustainability” it is a vital resource for stakeholders in the international business community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 1090 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030267599
    Series Statement: World Sustainability Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26759-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26759-9
    DDC: 658
    Language: English
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    Climate Change in Bangladesh : A Cross-Disciplinary Framework (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Environment. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Physical Geography.
    Abstract: This book is a comprehensive resource for climate change impacts and scenarios on cross-cutting issues in Bangladesh and other tropical low-lying countries in Asia. The book promotes mitigation and adaptation strategies for learning and innovation to tackle climate change impacts, reduce inequality, as well as include changes in food, energy, health, education, and social protection policies in Bangladesh and Asian low-lying countries. Through several case studies, this book provides a powerful framework for identifying management tools and their applications in environment and governance including; climate change and natural hazards, climate change and energy framework, gender inequality and capacity building, and community participants and the actions needed to protect them. The aim of this book is to provide information to scientists, practitioners, academics, and government and non-government policy-makers to help them better understand the particularities of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for cross-cutting issues in Bangladesh. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 234 p. 50 illus., 47 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030758257
    Series Statement: Springer Climate,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75825-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75825-7
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    The Geography of Serbia : Nature, People, Economy (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Regional economics. ; Spatial economics. ; Human geography. ; Economic development. ; Economic history. ; Regional Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Regional and Spatial Economics. ; Human Geography. ; Development Studies. ; Economy-wide Country Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part I: Historical and Geopolitical Context (edited by Emilija Manić and Vladimir Nikitović) -- Chapter 1. Geographical Position of Serbia (Milutin Tadić, Emilija Manić) -- Chapter 2. Prehistory of Serbia: A Brief Review (Dušan Mihailović, Dragana Antonović, Aleksandar Kapuran) -- Chapter 3. Serbia: A Historical Survey (Radmila Pejić, Sofija Petković, Dejan Radičević) -- Chapter 4. Political Geography of Serbia: Territorial Organization and Government (Nebojša Vuković) -- Part II: Physical Geography (edited by Predrag Đurović) -- Chapter 5. Climate of Serbia (Boško Milovanović, Gorica Stanojević, Milan Radovanović) -- Chapter 6. Hydrological Characteristics of Serbia (Marko Urošev, Ana Milanović Pešić, Jelena Kovačević–Majkić, Dragoljub Štrbac) -- Chapter 7. Geomorphological Characteristics of Serbia (Predrag Djurović) -- Chapter 8. Biogeographical Characteristics of the Territory of Serbia: Richness and Spatial Distribution of Biodiversity, Endemism and Biogeographical Regionalization (Vladimir B. Stevanović) -- Chapter 9. Geohazards and Geoheritage (Ivan Novković, Slavoljub Dragićević, Mirela Djurović) -- Part III: Demography (edited by Vladimir Nikitović) -- Chapter 10. Demographic Profile of Serbia at the Turn of the Millennia (Daniela Arsenović, Vladimir Nikitović) -- Chapter 11. Demographic Challenges in Serbia (Mirjana Rašević, Marko Galjak) -- Chapter 12. Migration and Mobility Patterns in Serbia (Vesna Lukić) -- Chapter 13. Approaching Regional Depopulation in Serbia (Vladimir Nikitović) -- Part IV: Economy (edited by Emilija Manić) -- Chapter 14. Serbian Economy – History, Transition and Present (Đorđe Mitrović) -- Chapter 15. Agriculture in Serbia (Žaklina Stojanović) -- Chapter 16. Natural Resources and Manufacturing Sector (Emilija Manić, Milena Lutovac) -- Chapter 17. Transport Sector in Serbia (Ivan Ratkaj) -- Chapter 18. Services: Finance, Trade and Tourism (Svetlana Popović, Dragan Stojković, Radmila Jovanović) -- Chapter 19. Serbia Internationally: International Trade and Integrations (Predrag Bjelić, Ivana Popović Petrović). Part V: Regional Development and Specificities (edited by Vladimir Nikitović and Emilija Manić) -- Chapter 20. Environmental Issues in Serbia: The Pollution and Nature Conservation (Vladimir Stojanović, Milana Pantelić, Stevan Savić) -- Chapter 21. Development Challenges Faced by Cities in Serbia (Nikola Krunić, Aleksandra Gajić, Dragutin Tošić) -- Chapter 22. Rural Areas and Rural Economy in Serbia (Marija Drobnjaković, Žaklina Stojanović, Sonja Josipović) -- Chapter 23. Regional Disparities in Serbia (Dejan Molnar) -- Index.
    Abstract: The book offers a comprehensive regional geography synthesis of the most important physical and human spatial processes that shaped Serbia and led to many interesting regional issues, not only to Serbia but to the Balkans and Europe. The book provides an overall view on the Serbian physical environment, its population and economy. It also highlights important regional issues such as regional disparities and depopulation, sustainable development and ecological issues and rural economy in the context of rural area development, which have been shaped by different political and historical processes. This highly illustrated book provides interesting and informative insights into Serbia and its context within the Balkans and Europe. It appeals to scientists and students as well as travelers and general readers interested in this region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 317 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030747015
    Series Statement: World Regional Geography Book Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74701-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74701-5
    DDC: 910.021
    Language: English
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    The Geography of Slovenia : Small But Diverse (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geography. ; Human geography. ; Physical geography. ; Economic geography. ; Regional Geography. ; Human Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Economic Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Slovenia: A European Landscape Hotspot (Drago Perko, Rok Ciglič, Matija Zorn) -- Part I: Physical geography -- Chapter 2. Rocks and Tectonic Structure of Slovenia(Mauro Hrvatin, Jure Tičar, Matija Zorn) -- Chapter 3. Landforms of Slovenia (Matija Zorn, Mateja Ferk, Matej Lipar, Blaž Komac, Jure Tičar, Mauro Hrvatin) -- Chapter 4. Waters of Slovenia(Mauro Hrvatin, Miha Pavšek, Maja Topole) -- Chapter 5. Climate and weather of Slovenia (Blaž Komac, Miha Pavšek, Maja Topole) -- Chapter 6. Soils of Slovenia (Matija Zorn, Mateja Breg Valjavec, Blaž Komac, Manca Volk Bahun, Mauro Hrvatin) -- Chapter 7. Biodiversity of Slovenia (Urban Šilc, Branko Vreš, Tatjana Čelik, Matjaž Gregorič) -- Part II: Human geography -- Chapter 8. The History of Slovenia: Archaeological Evidence from Prehistory to the Slavs (Matija Turk, Anton Velušček, Primož Pavlin, Sneža Tecco Hvala, Lucija Grahek, Jana Horvat, Marjeta Šašel Kos, Zvezdana Modrijan, Andrej Pleterski) -- Chapter 9. The History of Slovenia: The Middle Ages to the Present (Miha Kosi, Miha Preinfalk, Petra Svoljšak) -- Chapter 10. Slovenia’s Population (Drago Kladnik, Jani Kozina, Peter Repolusk) -- Chapter 11. The Settlement System in Slovenia (David Bole, Maruša Goluža, Jernej Tiran, Peter Kumer, Maja Topole, Janez Nared) -- Chapter 12. Slovenian Economy (Janez Nared, David Bole, Nika Razpotnik Visković, Jernej Tiran) -- Chapter 13. Culture in Slovenia (Mimi Urbanc, Mateja Šmid Hribar, Peter Kumer) -- Part III: Regional geography -- Chapter 14. Slovenia’s Landscapes (Drago Perko, Rok Ciglič) -- Chapter 15. Slovenia’s Regions (Drago Perko, Rok Ciglič) -- Chapter 16. Slovenia on maps (Primož Gašperič, Jerneja Fridl, Manca Volk Bahun) -- Part IV: Human impact on environment -- Chapter 17. Natural hazards in Slovenia (Blaž Komac, Mateja Ferk, Primož Pipan, Jure Tičar, Matija Zorn) -- Chapter 18. Land use in Slovenia (Matej Gabrovec, Peter Kumer, Daniela Ribeiro, Mateja Šmid Hribar) -- Chapter 19. Regional development in Slovenia (Janez Nared) -- Chapter 20. Human-induced degradation in Slovenia (Aleš Smrekar, Mateja Breg Valjavec, Katarina Polajnar Horvat) -- Chapter 21. Slovenia’s Protected Areas (Aleš Smrekar, Katarina Polajnar Horvat, Daniela Ribeiro) -- Part V: Slovenia and the World -- Chapter 22. Slovenia: Comparisons (Drago Kladnik, Matjaž Geršič) -- Chapter 23. Slovenia's records and outstanding features (Drago Perko, Matjaž Geršič).
    Abstract: This book is the first to give a comprehensive and detailed overview of the complete geography of Slovenia in English. Only very few countries, even considerably larger ones, can boast the landscape diversity found in Slovenia since the Alps, the Pannonian Basin, the Dinaric Alps, and the Mediterranean meet and interweave in this small corner of Central Europe, as do Germanic, Hungarian, Slavic, and Romance cultural influences. The book provides a systematical overview of physical and human geographical elements of Slovenia from landforms to cultural characteristics. Special attention is given to landscape diversity, to the presentation of Slovene landscape types and regions, to some particularities and interesting facts of Slovenia, and to the position of Slovenia in the World. The book also illustrates some other important geographical phenomena, processes and interactions between nature and society in nowadays Slovenia. This volume appeals to researchers as well as students in the field of regional geography. It can also serve as a source for complete background information as well as a field guide for Slovenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 360 p. 234 illus., 197 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030140663
    Series Statement: World Regional Geography Book Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14066-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14066-3
    DDC: 910.021
    Language: English
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    Land Cover and Land Use Change on Islands : Social & Ecological Threats to Sustainability (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Environmental policy. ; Environmental Management. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Conservation Biology. ; Environmental Policy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1: Geographies of Hope and Despair: Land Cover and Land Use on Islands -- Chapter2: Economic and Related Aspects of Land Use on Islands: A Meta Perspective -- Chapter3: Social-Ecological Drivers of Land Cover/Land Use Change on Islands: A Synthesis of the Patterns and Processes of Change. Chapter4: Transitions and Drivers of Land Use/Land Cover Change in Hawai’i: A Case Study of Maui -- Chapter5: Threats of Climate Change in Small Oceanic Islands: The Case of Climate and Agriculture in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador -- Chapter6: Galapagos is a Garden -- Chapter7: Evaluating Land Cover Change on the Island of Santa Cruz, Galapagos Archipelago of Ecuador through Cloud-Gap Filling and Multi-Sensor Analysis -- Chapter8: Human and Natural Environments, Island of Santa Cruz, Galapagos: A Model-Based Approach to Link Land Cover/Land Use Changes to Direct and Indirect Socio-Economic Drivers of Change -- Chapter9: How do Non-Native Plants Influence Soil Nutrients along a Hydroclimate Gradient on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos? -- Chapter10: A Critical Physical Geography of Landscape Changes in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, 1950s – 2005 -- Chapter11: Reframing the Competition for Land Between Food and Energy in Indonesia -- Chapter12: The Carbon Balance of Tropical Islands: Lessons from Soil Respiration -- Chapter13: Impacts and Management of Invasive Species in the UK Overseas Territories.
    Abstract: Globalization is not a new phenomenon, but it is posing new challenges to humans and natural ecosystems in the 21st century. From climate change to increasingly mobile human populations to the global economy, the relationship between humans and their environment is being modified in ways that will have long-term impacts on ecological health, biodiversity, ecosystem goods and services, population vulnerability, and sustainability. These changes and challenges are perhaps nowhere more evident than in island ecosystems. Buffeted by rising ocean temperatures, extreme weather events, sea-level rise, climate change, tourism, population migration, invasive species, and resource limitations, islands represent both the greatest vulnerability to globalization and also the greatest scientific opportunity to study the significance of global changes on ecosystem processes, human-environment interactions, conservation, environmental policy, and island sustainability. In this book, we study islands through the lens of Land Cover/Land Use Change (LCLUC) and the multi-scale and multi-thematic drivers of change. In addition to assessing the key processes that shape and re-shape island ecosystems and their land cover/land use changes, the book highlights measurement and assessment methods to characterize patterns and trajectories of change and models to examine the social-ecological drivers of change on islands. For instance, chapters report on the results of a meta-analysis to examine trends in published literature on islands, a satellite image time-series to track changes in urbanization, social surveys to support household analyses, field sampling to represent the state of resources and their limitations on islands, and dynamic systems models to link socio-economic data to LCLUC patterns. The authors report on a diversity of islands, conditions, and circumstances that affect LCLUC patterns and processes, often informed through perspectives rooted, for instance, in conservation, demography, ecology, economics, geography, policy, and sociology. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 307 p. 80 illus., 66 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030439736
    Series Statement: Social and Ecological Interactions in the Galapagos Islands,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43973-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43973-6
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    Climate Change and Agriculture in Zimbabwe : Sustainability in Minority Farming Communities (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Agriculture. ; Sustainability. ; Climate Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Agriculture.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Climate change and lessons from world indigenous minority farmer communities -- Chapter 3. Climate change and indigenous farmers in Zimbabwe -- Chapter 4. Rainfall and Temperature fluctuations in South-west Zimbabwe(1922-2012) -- Chapter 5. Climate Change impact on indigenous minority farmer communities in SW Zimbabwe -- Chapter 6. Interventions on climate climate change among indigenous minority farmer communities in SW Zimbabwe -- Chapter 7. Indigenous minority communities development basket of priorities in SW Zimbabwe -- Chapter 8. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book proves, through empirical research, that indigenous and traditional agricultural communities have experienced severe climate change impacts, and have developed corresponding livelihood strategies to strengthen their resilience in a variable climate. With a focus on indigenous minority farming communities in the developing region of South-Western Zimbabwe, the study presents both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data analysis to assess sustainability problems amid climate change and climate variability challenges, and proposes potential solutions. In eight chapters, the book expands on the scarce availability of community-based research on climate change and variability in Zimbabwe. The book is meant for college and university students and stakeholders involved in development work in rural minority farmer communities, especially in climate change prone regions of Africa and other developing countries who have very few options of adaptation and mitigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 98 p. 23 illus., 19 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030513467
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51346-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51346-7
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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    Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe: Status, Resilience and Governance (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Economic geography. ; Microeconomics. ; Environmental policy. ; Physical geography. ; Animal culture. ; Economic Geography. ; Microeconomics. ; Environmental Policy. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Animal Science.
    Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION -- 1. Small-scale fisheries in Europe.-2. The evolution of the EU Common Fisheries Policy and small-scale fisheries: Fighting for recognition -- 3.Focusing on the problems and the management of small-scale fisheries in Greece: Myopia, presbyopia or astigmatism? -- 4. Small-scale fisheries in Spain: challenges and prospects -- 5. Small-scale fisheries in Portugal -- 6. The unexploited potential of Small Scale Fisheries in Italy: analysis and perspectives on the status and resilience of a neglected fishery sector -- 7. Small scale fisheries in France: activity and governance issues -- 8. How is fishery management perceived by Croatian small-scale fishermen: Should I stay or should I go? -- 9. Fishing in the NE Adriatic, Slovenia: from borders to projects -- 10. Governance and socio economic implications of the Black Sea small scale fisheries (Bulgaria) -- 11. Small-scale fisheries in Romania: Transformation, vulnerability and change in a sturgeon fishermen community from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (Romania) -- 12. The current status and challenges facing the small-scale fisheries of Turkey -- 13.Small-scale fisheries in Malta: trends and challenges -- 14. Losing space: exploring the Blue Economy and the marginalisation of the small-scale fishers in Cyprus -- 15. Small-scale fisheries in the United Kingdom.-16. Learning from experience in Irish inshore fisheries management.-17. Small-scale fisheries in Iceland: Local voices and global complexities.-18. “…here in my heart” The important of small-scale fishing for Greenlandic society and as a way of life -- 19. Title Small-scale fisheries in Belgium -- 20. Small-scale fisheries in the Netherlands; learning from governance responses for a better future.-21. Small scale fisheries in Germany -- 22. Fisheries in Denmark -- 23. Who won, who lost within the Polish coastal fisheries -- 24. “Nice harbour but where are the fishers?” Critical insight into fisheries policies and its effects to small-scale fisheries in Estonia -- 25. Swedish small-scale fisheries in the Baltic Sea -- 26. Finnish small-scale fisheries: marginalization or revival? -- 27. Small scale fisheries in Norway -- 28. Challenges of governing coastal fisheries in Northwest Russia -- 29. Small-scale fisheries in Europe: tenure, markets, inclusiveness and governance challenges -- 30. The future of small-scale fisheries in Europe.
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive account of the status and dynamics of people participating in the small-scale fisheries (SSF) of Europe. It covers the situation of SSF in 25 coastal countries, thereby providing a portrait of almost every coastal country on the continent and analyzing the recent evolution of the sector. Small-scale fisheries are argued to be extremely important in Europe, as they provide employment and welfare, while increasing food sovereignty and maintaining communities in coastal areas. The recent worldwide focus on SSF derives from their environmental sustainability, which distinguishes many of their activities from those of large-scale fisheries. This book analyses the diversity of SSF and shows how fishing communities have sometimes developed successful governing models, demonstrating social and economic resilience. While the book emphasizes the strengths of SSF and the synergies that occur with other marine sectors, it also presents cases of failure, in which collective action and policy have actually contributed to a weakening of the sector. In this context, the book shows how governmental policies toward SSF vary considerably from country to country, in a way that is not entirely consistent with European policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 610 p. 114 illus., 78 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030373719
    Series Statement: MARE Publication Series, 23
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37371-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37371-9
    DDC: 330.9
    Language: English
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    Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Socio-economic and Environmental Indicators for Sustainable Development : Case Studies from North Africa (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Regionalism. ; Regional economics. ; Spatial economics. ; Sustainability. ; Human geography. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Regionalism. ; Regional and Spatial Economics. ; Sustainability. ; Human Geography. ; Geology.
    Abstract: This book presents most recent research studies on mapping and spatial analysis of socio-economic and environmental indicators used by various national and international contributors to regional development projects. It gathers the best contributions to the 1st International Conference on Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Socio-Economic and Environmental Indicators for the Local and Regional Sustainable Development. The conference was held in southern Tunisia, Tataouine in March 2015.The research studies focused on generating and analyzing indicators in various domains of Agriculture, Energy, Industry, Tourism, Transport, Urban Planning, Exploitation of Natural Resources, Infrastructure, Health, Environment, Education, Information and Communication Technologies, Social Affairs and Employability, and Culture and Sport. Socio-economic and environmental indicators are important in regional development plans and strategies as they allow to observe and analyze changes in the economic growth and to measure their impact on the environment and on social networks/daily life of citizens. On the basis of well-defined geomatic approaches, and particularly, through sophisticated digital mapping and spatio-temporal analyses, authors focused on retrieving indicators to evaluate the exploitation rate of natural resources, intensity of the energy consumption in various economic sector, net migratory flows, quality checking of the air in urban areas, adaptation to climate change, and vulnerability of the coastal domain and risk of marine submersion due to sea-level rise. The book is of interest not only to investors and contributors to regional development projects, but also to all relevant policy makers. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 167 p. 132 illus., 111 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030211660
    Series Statement: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21166-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21166-0
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in South Florida : The View of Coastal Residents (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Political sociology. ; Communication. ; Climatology. ; Political science. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Political Sociology. ; Media and Communication. ; Climate Sciences. ; Politics and International Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. The Science of Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise -- Chapter 3. A Partisan and Polarized Issue in the United States -- Chapter 4. The South Florida Study Area -- Chapter 5. Study Methods and General Findings -- Chapter 6. Results from South Florida Experiment -- Chapter 7. Denial of Risk -- Chapter 8. Prospects for Mitigation.
    Abstract: South Florida is frequently cited as the part of the United State of America as most susceptible to the devastation accompanying sea level rise. Several scholarly studies have shown the negative impact of coastal location in Florida on housing values. Are the residents of South Florida concerned? Is susceptibility to sea level rise actually affecting the housing market in terms of demand, the availability of home mortgages, or house prices? Are people living at particular risk from sea level rise aware of this risk and more open to new information about climate change? Do they support policies and laws to mitigate the pace and extent of climate change? Answers to these questions are not only of general interest, but they are also key to our understanding of the human dimensions of this problem. This book describes the results of a detailed survey in which respondents viewed a local map displaying flooding to their own community that would result from a Category 3 hurricane in 2033. It discusses political party identification and ideology that has an overwhelming impact in shaping views about sea level rise and climate change. This book has enormous implications for the effectiveness of communicating risk information. The text is important if we, as a nation, are to design communication strategies that will lead to broader policy to combat or mitigate this risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 134 p. 57 illus., 50 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030326029
    Series Statement: Coastal Research Library, 34
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32602-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32602-9
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Rebuilding the Earth : Regenerating our planet’s life support systems for a sustainable future (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental management. ; Economic development. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Management. ; Development Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: Introduction -- 2 Part 2: Nature’s sinking ark -- 3 Part 3: Rebuilding the ark -- 4 Part 4: Our conjoined future -- 5 Part 5: A systemic decision-support framework -- 6 Epilogue: Rebuilding the ark – Yes, we can!.
    Abstract: “Here’s the thing: we absolutely know how to restore all the Earth’s critical ecosystems… But we have to think about these challenges so much more holistically. Astonishingly, today’s climate experts populate one big silo, and biodiversity experts another! The notion of ‘co-benefits’ barely begins to do justice to the emerging revolution in both thinking and practice stimulated by the realisation that we face simultaneous emergencies on both fronts. Quite simply, natural climate solutions must become the watchword of the next decade.” - Jonathon Porritt, Founder Director, Forum for the Future “A well-written book which communicates powerful messages, based largely upon the author’s own experiences and a lifetime of professional expertise. This work doesn’t simply describe the problems with Earths’ ecosystems, but also describes realistic solutions based on the premise of reviving and rescuing the natural world in a stepwise manner. Accessible yet erudite, this is a must read for anyone interested in learning how we can begin to reverse the damage we have done to the planet’s ecosystems.” - Dr Paul Johnston, Principal Scientist, Greenpeace International Science Laboratory Rebuilding the Earth highlights humanity’s interdependence with the planet’s ecosystems. Today, these ecosystems are seriously degraded, compromising future security and opportunity. It is essential that we set about rebuilding the metaphorical ‘ark’ of nature upon which our future prospects depend. Central to this book are several case studies of regenerative approaches drawn from every continent on the planet. These approaches are founded on restoration and protection of ecosystems – water and soil, forests, marine and coastal resources, urban infrastructure, farming practices and in corporate supply chains. Rebuilding the Earth is above all optimistic about the daunting challenges facing global society. It is about culture change, addressing the necessity of and the means for putting nature and people back into the heart of societal thinking, policy and action. It advocates for sustainable development in its deepest green sense, but also pragmatically framed in social, technological, governance and economic contexts. The concluding message is “Yes, we can!” Mark Everard is a prolific author, broadcaster and scientist. He is an expert on ecosystem services and the ecosystem-based regeneration of rural livelihoods. Mark’s activities span five continents in academic, consultancy, government advisory and policy advocacy roles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 251 p. 44 illus., 37 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030330248
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33024-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33024-8
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    Groundwater Resources Development and Planning in the Semi-Arid Region (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Earth sciences. ; Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental Management. ; Water. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Issues and challenges of groundwater and surface water management in the semi-arid region -- Chapter 2-Aquifer Mapping & Management and Groundwater Flow Modelling -- Chapter 3-Agriculture, Rainwater harvesting sites, and crop suitability analysis using WOA, RS, and GIS methods -- Chapter 4-Hydrogeological systems: drainage analysis, morphometric analysis, watershed prioritization -- Chapter 5-Integrating watershed Planning and Management using Remote Sensing and GIS methods and modeling -- Chapter 6-Assessment of Groundwater Prospects Zones using RS, GIS, and MIF methods -- Chapter 7-Changes in land use and land cover impact on the groundwater recharge planning and water level -- Chapter 8-Assessment of Groundwater quality mapping for groundwater development -- Chapter 9-Groundwater level variation and Trend analysis of groundwater level -- Chapter 10-Identification of Soil Fertility and Gully Erosion mapping -- Chapter 11-Assessment of Groundwater recharge panning using AHP and WOA Techniques -- Chapter 12-Flood Mapping and Impact Analysis using RS, GIS, and GEE Methods -- Chapter 13-Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing Applications in Water Resources and Irrigation Management -- Chapter 14-Assessment of Evapotranspiration (Et), Rainfall, and Crop Coefficient (Kc) estimation using satellite data -- Chapter 15-Soil Salinity mapping using remote sensing methods -- Chapter 16-Surface runoff modeling for surface and groundwater development and planning.
    Abstract: This book addresses the various challenges in achieving sustainable groundwater development, management, and planning in semi-arid regions, with a focus on India, and discusses advanced remote sensing and GIS techniques for the estimation and management of groundwater resources. The book is timely as there is a need for a better understanding of the various tools and methods required to efficiently and sustainably meet the growing demand for clean surface and groundwater in developing countries, and how these tools can be combined with other strategies in a multi-disciplinary fashion to achieve this goal in water-scarce regions. To wit, the book combines remote sensing and GIS techniques, runoff modeling, aquifer mapping, land use and land cover analyses, evapotranspiration estimation, crop coefficients, and water policy approaches. This will be of use to academics, policymakers, social scientists, and professionals involved in the various aspects of sustainable groundwater development, planning, and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 571 p. 242 illus., 196 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030681241
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68124-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68124-1
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    Atlas of Karst Collapses (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Earth sciences. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Natural Hazards. ; Earth Sciences. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Karst collapses and their formations -- Chapter 2. Stormwater runoff modifications and karst collapses -- Chapter 3. Water impoundments and karst collapses -- Chapter 4. Groundwater level changes and karst collapses. Chapter 5. Construction and karst collapses -- Chapter 6. Extreme weather conditions and karst collapses -- Chapter 7. Karst collapse investigations -- Chapter 8. Karst collapse monitoring. .
    Abstract: This book comprehensively documents the various types of karst collapse and related conceptual site models, before discussing these collapses in terms of their impacts on engineering and the environment. Featuring over 200 real-world photos to illustrate the variety of karst collapses and their consequences, the book also provides specific methods and techniques to prevent, investigate, monitor and remediate these collapses. Decades of experience with these collapses make it clear that addressing the related hazards requires a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates geomorphology, engineering geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, biology, geophysics, geochemistry, and risk assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 149 p. 135 illus., 121 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030929121
    Series Statement: Advances in Karst Science,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92912-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92912-1
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 182
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    Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Applications in Agriculture and Environment (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geotechnical engineering. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Geophysics. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Agriculture. ; Geophysics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Precision agriculture and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) -- Chapter 3.Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based Hyperspectral imaging system for precision agriculture and forest management -- Chapter 4. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for fertilizer management in grassland of Hokkaido, Japan -- Chapter 5. Corn height estimation using UAV for yield prediction and crop monitoring -- Chapter 6. Supporting Oil palm replanting programs using UAV and GIS in Malaysia -- Chapter 7. Applications of UAVs in Plantation Health and Area Management in Malaysia -- Chapter 8. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System (UAVS) Applications in Forestry and Plantation Operations: Experiences in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo -- Chapter 9. UAV-based SfM-MVS mapping cliff face in central crater of Miharayama, Izu Oshima, central Japan -- Chapter 10. Applications of UAV remote sensing to topographic and vegetation surveys -- Chapter 11. The Role of Infrared Thermal Imaging in Road Patrolling Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles -- Chapter 12. Fusion and Enhancement Techniques for Processing of Multispectral Images -- Chapter 13. Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Urban Green Space Mapping in Urbanizing Indian Cities -- Chapter 14. Responsibility and accountability in the governance of civilian UAV for crop insurance applications in India.
    Abstract: This book showcases how new and emerging technologies like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are trying to provide solutions to unresolved socio-economic and environmental problems. Unmanned vehicles can be classified into five different types according to their operation. These five types are unmanned ground vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned surface vehicles (operating on the surface of the water), unmanned underwater vehicles, and unmanned spacecraft. Unmanned vehicles can be guided remotely or function as autonomous vehicles. The technology has a wide range of uses including agriculture, industry, transport, communication, surveillance and environment applications. UAVs are widely used in precision agriculture; from monitoring the crops to crop damage assessment. This book explains the different methods in which they are used, providing step-by-step image processing and sample data. It also discusses how smart UAVs will provide unique opportunities for manufacturers to utilise new technological trends to overcome the current challenges of UAV applications. The book will be of great interest to researchers engaged in forest carbon measurement, road patrolling, plantation monitoring, crop yield estimation, crop damage assessment, terrain modelling, fertilizer control, and pest control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 199 p. 110 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030271572
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27157-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27157-2
    DDC: 624.151
    Language: English
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    Micro-Pollutant Regulation in the River Rhine : Cooperation in a Common-Pool Resource Problem Setting (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Pollution. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Political planning. ; Environmental policy. ; Physical geography. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Public Policy. ; Environmental Policy. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. The compelling nature of water pollution as a Common-Pool-Resource problem -- Chapter 2. Theories and theoretical contribution -- Chapter 3. Methods & Cases -- Chapter 4. Empirical analysis I: On cooperation -- Chapter 5. Empirical analysis II: On the emergence of cooperation -- Chapter 6. Empirical analysis III: On the consolidation of cooperation -- Chapter 7. Conclusion I: Theoretical insights on cooperation in CPR settings -- Chapter 8. Conclusion II.
    Abstract: This book investigates how actors organize in order to solve a water quality problem. Research on the use of environmental resources has mainly focused on the circumstances needed for users to self-organize or to maintain an already sustainable way of resource use. Few studies have investigated the reasons why actors start to cooperate when they are faced with an environmental problem. Actor networks in three regions of the Rhine catchment area are scrutinized; a) actors’ cooperation pattern when managing an environmental problem; and b) the factors that trigger actors in a common-pool resource situation to initiate cooperation. Water quality policy is analysed in two European countries – Germany and Luxembourg, and one non-European country - Switzerland, providing an overview of the distinctive measure applied in these regions with the aim of tackling the water quality problem of micro-pollutants in river surface water. Applying the social-ecological system framework (SESF) devised by E. Ostrom and her colleagues and Social Network Analysis (SNA), the current book combines qualitative and quantitative methods to answer the question of why actors cooperate in the management process of an environmental problem like water pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 336 p. 65 illus., 54 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030367701
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36770-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36770-1
    DDC: 363.73
    Language: English
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    Landscapes and Landforms of England and Wales (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geomorphology. ; Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Geomorphology. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Foreword -- Author biographies -- Dedication to Denys Brunsden.– 2 Geological history and long-term landscape evolution. - 3 Rocks and Relief -- 4 The Quaternary -- 5 Human Impact -- 6 The Weald -- 7 Sandstone tors and escarpments of the Weald. - 8 Sussex coast -- 9 Isle of Wight – landslides and structural morphology -- 10 The Eastern Jurassic Coast -- 11 Isle of Portland -- 12 The landslides of East Devon and West Dorset -- 13 Rocky coast of South Devon coast and the history of disappearing Hallsands -- 14 Dartmoor – tors and periglacial legacy -- 15 Bodmin Moor -- 16 Land’s End.– granite geomorphology -- 17 Karst of Mendip Hills -- 18 The Cotswolds -- 19 Geomorphology of London -- terraces of the Thames -- 20 Periglacial heritage of East Anglia -- 21 The soft coast of Norfolk -- 22 The Fens -- 23 Peak District -- 24 Mam Tor and other landslides of the Dark Peak -- 25 Lake District -- 26 Limestone pavements and other karst features of the Yorkshire Dales -- 27 Brimham Rocks -- 28 The Whin Sill, Dolerite dykes and Hadrian’s Wall -- 29 Gower Peninsula -- 30 Brecon Beacons -- 31 Glacial landforms of Snowdonia -- 32 Geomorphological conservation and management -- Index.
    Abstract: This book presents the geomorphological diversity of England and Wales. These regions are characterised by an extraordinary range of landforms and landscapes, reflecting both the occurrence of many different rock types and drastic climatic changes over the last few million years, including ice sheet expansion and decay. The book begins by providing the geological and geomorphological context needed in order to understand this diversity in a relatively small area. In turn, it presents nearly thirty case studies on specific landscapes and landforms, all of which are landmarks in the territory discussed. These include the famous coastal cliffs and landslides, granite tors of Dartmoor, formerly glaciated mountains of Snowdonia and the Lake District, karst of Yorkshire, and many others. The geomorphology of London and the Thames is also included. Providing a unique reference guide to the geomorphology of England and Wales, the book is lavishly illustrated with diagrams, colour maps and photos, and written in an easy-to-read style. The contributing authors are distinguished geomorphologists with extensive experience in research, writing and communicating science to the public. The book will not only be of interest to geoscientists, but will also benefit specialists in landscape research, geoconservation, tourism and environmental protection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 612 p. 453 illus., 396 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030389574
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38957-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38957-4
    DDC: 551.41
    Language: English
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    Pollution in the Black Sea : Observations about the Ocean's Pollution (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. General Concepts Of Pollution and Pollutants and Their Nature (Natural And Man-Made Sources Of Pollution Of The World's Oceans) -- 2. Current Problems of The World Ocean Pollution By Microplastic -- 3. Current Problems of The World Ocean Pollution by Oil and Oil Products -- 4. Numerical Modeling Of The Hydrocarbon Spot Shape On The Water Surface -- 5. Oil Spill Response At Sea: Methods and Technologies -- 6. Marine Ecosystems and Features of Their Functioning.
    Abstract: This book provides information on the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to modern environmental problems associated with ocean pollution with a particular focus on the Back Sea. The oceans are a vast but fragile complex. In recent decades, it has become especially manifest when ocean pollution has reached an unparalleled situation. Meanwhile, not only the well-being of ecosystems depends on the state of ocean waters, but human civilization largely depends on the oceans as a consequence of environmental dependence. This book examines the consequences of pollutants such as oil and hydrocarbon products (including plastics and microplastics), water acidification, sewage, wastewaters discharge into the ocean, thermal pollution, nuclear pollution, and biological pollution. Beyond the types of pollutants and their consequences, this book outlines the state of the art of the legal situation internationally regarding ocean pollution. The authors also show the current pollution of the inland seas, taking as an example of the Black Sea (anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution, its shelf, and shallow waters as well as international legislation). A part of the book analyzes the main types of environmental monitoring of the oceans and their role in solving ocean pollution problems with a particular interest in the Black Sea. The book is of interest to specialists in ocean pollution, ecologists, oceanologists, students, and graduate students studying oceanography, marine ecology, current methods of environmental monitoring, and legal problems related to the oceans and seas pollution, as well as to anyone interested in modern problems of the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 213 p. 42 illus., 26 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030618957
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61895-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61895-7
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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    Louisiana's Response to Extreme Weather : A Coastal State's Adaptation Challenges and Successes (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environmental Law. ; Human rights. ; Natural Hazards. ; Climate Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Environmental Law. ; Human Rights.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Introduction to the Book: “Ahead of the Curve” -- Part1: Louisiana’s Risks Anticipating the Future Challenges to Other U.S. Coastal Communities -- Chapter2. Managing Risks in Louisiana’s Rapidly Changing Coastal Zone -- Part2: Climate Adaptation Challenges and Solutions -- Chapter3. Connecting the Dots: The Origins, Evolutions and Implications of the Land Use -- Chapter4. Antagonisms of Adaptation: Climate Adaptation Measures in New Orleans and New York City -- Chapter5. Adapting to a Smaller Coast: Restoration, Protection, and Social Justice in Coastal Louisiana -- Part3: Relocation and Resettlement -An Extreme Adjustment -- Chapter6. Community Resettlement in Louisiana: Learning from Histories of Horror and Hope -- Chapter6. Sojourners in a New Land: Hope and Adaptive Traditions -- Part4: Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather -- Chapter8. Urban - Post-Disaster Development Dilemmas: Advancing Landscapes of Social Justice in a Neoliberal Post-Disaster Landscape -- Chapter9. Re-Imagining Housing: Affordability Crisis and its Role in Disaster Resilience and Recovery -- Chapter10. Suburban/Mid State- The 2016 Unexpected Mid-State Louisiana Flood: With Special Focus on the Different Rescue and Recovery Responses It Engendered -- Chapter11. Rural- Challenges of Post-Disaster Resilient Recovery in Rural Areas -- Chapter12. Coupled Coastal-Inland - Regional Resilience: Building Adaptive Capacity and Community Wellbeing Across Louisiana’s Dynamic Coastal-Inland Continuum.
    Abstract: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book takes an in-depth look at Louisiana as a state which is ahead of the curve in terms of extreme weather events, both in frequency and magnitude, and in its responses to these challenges including recovery and enhancement of resiliency. Louisiana faced a major tropical catastrophe in the 21st century, and experiences the fastest rising sea level. Weather specialists, including those concentrating on sea level rise acknowledge that what the state of Louisiana experiences is likely to happen to many more, and not necessarily restricted to coastal states. This book asks and attempts to answer what Louisiana public officials, scientists/engineers, and those from outside of the state who have been called in to help, have done to achieve resilient recovery. How well have these efforts fared to achieve their goals? What might these efforts offer as lessons for those states that will be likely to experience enhanced extreme weather? Can the challenges of inequality be truly addressed in recovery and resilience? How can the study of the Louisiana response as a case be blended with findings from later disasters such as New York/New Jersey (Hurricane Sandy) and more recent ones to improve understanding as well as best adaptation applications – federal, state and local?
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 361 p. 38 illus., 25 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030272050
    Series Statement: Extreme Weather and Society,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27205-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27205-0
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    The Ganges : Cultural, Economic and Environmental Significance (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Environmental geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Ethnology. ; Culture. ; Economic geography. ; Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Integrated Geography. ; Water. ; Regional Cultural Studies. ; Economic Geography. ; Regional Geography. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- The Ganga Basin -- Geography of the Ganga Basin -- The Ganga and its Tributaries -- The Ganga between Gaumukh and Uttarkashi -- The Major Cultural Towns -- Major Fairs and Festivals -- Economic Significance of the Ganga -- Environmental Issues in the Ganga Basin -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: ‘The Ganges: Cultural, Economic, and Environmental Importance’ is a geographical, cultural, economic, and environmental interpretation of the Ganga River. The Ganga River originates from Gaumukh- situated in the high Himalaya, flows through the world’s biggest fertile alluvial plain, and inlets into the Bay of Bengal at Ganga Sagar. It makes a unique natural and cultural landscape and is believed to be the holiest river of India. The Hindus called it ‘Mother Ganga’ and worship it. The towns/cities, situated on its bank, are world-famous and are known as the highland and valley pilgrimages. The water of the Ganga is pious, and the Hindus use it on different occasions while performing the rituals and customs. This book is unique because no previous study which presents a complete and comprehensive geographical description of the Ganga has been composed. This book presents the historical and cultural significance of the Ganga and its tributaries. Empirical, archival, and observation methods were applied to conduct this study. There are a total of 10 chapters in this book such as ‘Introduction’, ‘the Ganga Basin’, ‘Geography of the Ganga Basin’, ‘the Ganges System: Ganga and its Tributaries’, ‘Ganga between Gaumukh and Uttarkashi’, ‘the Major Cultural Towns’, ‘Major Fairs and Festivals’, ‘Economic Significance of the Ganga’, ‘Environmental Issues’, and ‘Conclusions’. The contents of the book are enriched by 89 figures, 15 tables, and substantial citations and references. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 164 p. 91 illus., 90 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030791179
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79117-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79117-9
    DDC: 910
    Language: English
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    Opening and Closure of the Neuquén Basin in the Southern Andes (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geology. ; Paleoecology. ; Sedimentology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Geology. ; Paleoecology. ; Sedimentology.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Neuquén Basin: Stratigraphy, subsidence controls and basin closure -- Heterogeneities and syn-rift evolution of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Precuyano Cycle -- Structure of the Precuyo synrift in the Valenciana depocenter -- Structure of the Precuyo synrift in the Cara Cura-Sierra de Reyes depocenter -- Early Jurassic magmatism -- High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and main controls of the Middle Jurassic Cuyo Group -- Depositional environments and hyperpycnal shelfal sedimentation in the Late Jurassic Lotena Formation -- Environmental controls and facies architecture of a Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) carbonate episode (La Manga Formation) -- The Cuyo and lower Mendoza cycles in the Aconcagua fold and thrust belt -- The extensional control of the Late Jurassic units -- Morphostructural configuration and sedimentary evolution of the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous Vaca Muerta –Quintuco system -- Magnetostratigraphy of the Early Jurassic – Early Cretaceous in the Neuquén Basin -- Orbital controls and high-resolution cyclostratigraphy of Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous in the Neuquén Basin (Lower Callovian – Early Barremian) -- Sedimentary evolution of the continental Late Cretaceous Neuquén Group -- The Cretaceous contractional stage and the first synorogenic basin in the Neuquén Basin -- The origin of the Malargüe Basin -- The Late Cretaceous-Paleocene extension -- The Paleocene to early Oligocene lull -- Causes and extent of the Oligocene extension -- The Late Cretaceous to Oligocene magmatism -- The Miocene orogenesis related to the subduction of the Payenia hot spot -- The Miocene magmatism in the Malargüe fold and thrust belt -- The structure of the Malargüe fold and thrust belt -- Thermochronological constraints on the exhumation of the Malargüe fold and thrust belt -- Structure and thermochronological constraints on the exhumation of the Chos Malal fold and thrust belt -- The structure and exhumation of the Agrio fold and thrust belt -- The Quaternary deformation in the Neuquén Basin and the impact of the Payenia hot spot.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of newly gathered material focusing on the opening and closure of The Neuquén Basin. The Neuquén Basin contains the most important hydrocarbon reservoirs in Argentina and therefore is characterized by a profound knowledge of the sedimentation mechanisms and closure times. During the last 10 years a considerable amount of new information has been produced that illustrates a complex evolution that involves more than one synrift stage during its evolution, an aborted sag phase associated with the inception of a first foreland basin in late Early Cretaceous times, two extensional destabilizations in the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene and late Oligocene times and a Neogene magmatic expansion coetaneous to a last mountain building. These processes have produced a polyphasic complex structure that exhumed the rich sedimentary record that characterizes the basin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XX, 513 p. 177 illus., 165 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030296803
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29680-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29680-3
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 189
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    Geological Resources of Tierra del Fuego (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Mineralogy. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Mineralogy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. An introduction to the geology of Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 2. Beatriz Mine: a Polymetallic Massive Occurrence in Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 3. A review of the Arroyo Rojo VMS deposit, Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 4. The Ornamental Rocks of Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 5. Aggregates in Tierra del Fuego: Morphogenesis and Distributio -- Chapter 6. Didactic Tools in the Scope of Geography in the Provincia de Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 7. Teaching Earth Sciences in the Provincial Educational System -- Chapter 8. History of Gold in Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 9. Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and Isla de los Estados Peatlands -- Chapter 10. Lakes and Glaciers from Fuegian Andes. Morphology, Distribution and Origin -- Chapter 11. Geophysical Methods Applied to the Study of Lakes and Paleolakes in Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 12. Geological and Geographic Resources among Hunter-gatherers of Tierra del Fuego: a View from Archaeological and Ethnographic Data -- Chapter 13. Geotourism – Interpretation – Ethnogeology: Extraordinary Geological Resources in Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 14. Key features and Geosite proposal to tell the story of the Argentinian Andes in the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 15. Differential Uplifting Rates Across the Magellan Fault: Interactions Between South American and Scotia Plates -- Chapter 16. Paleomagnetic and Magnetic Studies of Quaternary Units in Tierra del Fuego, the South Atlantic Islands and Southern Patagonia -- Chapter 17. Provenance of the Coastal Sands of the Western Scotia Plate: Tierra del Fuego and Antarctic Peninsula -- Chapter 18. An overview on the Mineral Resources of the Argentine Antarctic Sector -- Chapter 19. Meteorites found in the Argentine Antarctic Sector -- Chapter 20. Acidity and Alkalinity as Foundational Parameters in the Ordering of Eruptive Rocks and some Fuegian examples.
    Abstract: The CADIC’s Geological Resources Program will soon turn 40 years of fruitful development. During this period many projects were carried out and others remain to be implemented. In the course of time three generations of researchers have been formed. Mentioning names would be unfair to those that could be involuntarily omitted. There is still a long way to go. The eagerness for knowledge should not stop. This book is a tribute to all those people who have worked in the different projects of pure and applied science, and educational, and human resources training, granted to this founding program and associated laboratories of the regional center of CONICET in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. The twenty papers which constitute this book have a genuine Latin appeal, having been written by 50 authors based in Argentina and Spain. All this contributions are concerned with Fuegian geological resources. Everyone concerned with this work hopes that it will prove a fitting and lasting memorial to Nacho Subías, whose personal contribution to our knowledge of this geology was outstanding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 371 p. 173 illus., 136 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030606831
    Series Statement: Springer Geology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60683-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60683-1
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Processes in GeoMedia—Volume III (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Oceanography. ; Geology. ; Geophysics. ; Physical geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Geology. ; Geophysics. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Scale invariant structure of lithosphere earthquake source -- Permeability measurement by the fracture pressure drop curve in laboratory experiments -- Geology and petrogeochemical features of the Kumak ore Field carbon deposits -- Effect of Plastic Properties ON Hydraulic Fracturing Operation -- Dynamics of harmonic internal gravity waves in stratified inhomogeneous medium -- The exact equation for the waveform of potential stationary surface waves -- Identification of the initial spot location of pollution in the Kerch strait on the basis of adjoint equation -- North Atlantic Oscillation and Interannual Mixed Layer Heat Balance Variability in the North Atlantic.
    Abstract: This book presents the findings of recent theoretical and experimental studies of processes in the atmosphere, oceans and lithosphere, discussing their interactions, environmental issues, geology, problems related to human impacts on the environment, and methods of geophysical research. It particularly focuses on the geomechanical aspects of the production of hydrocarbons, including the laborious extraction of oils. Furthermore, it includes contributions on ecological problems of the biosphere. This book corresponds to the English edition of the "Processes in GeoMedia," a Russian academic journal focused on new theoretical and experimental studies of the Earth's processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 305 p. 118 illus., 64 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030690403
    Series Statement: Springer Geology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69040-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69040-3
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 191
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    Green Technologies and Infrastructure to Enhance Urban Ecosystem Services : Proceedings of the Smart and Sustainable Cities Conference 2018 (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Human geography. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Sustainability. ; Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Human Geography. ; Urban Ecology. ; Sustainability. ; Soil Science. ; Physical Geography.
    Abstract: These proceedings of the Smart and Sustainable Cities Conference (SSC) in Moscow from May 23 to 26, 2018 addresses important questions regarding the global trend of urbanization. What are the environmental consequences of megacities’ expansion? What smart solutions can make life in cities safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly? It is projected that 70% of the global population will live in cities by 2050, and as such the book describes how this rapid urbanization will alter the face of the world. Focusing on solutions for the environmental problems of modern megapolises, it discusses advanced approaches and smart technologies to monitor, model and assess the environmental consequences and risks. The contributors present examples of successful sustainable urban development, including management and design of green infrastructure, waste management, run-off purification and remediation of urban soils. The SSC conference and its proceedings offer a valuable contribution to sustainable urban development, and are of interest to the scientific and research community, municipal services, environmental protection agencies, landscape architects, civil engineers, policy makers and other stakeholders in urban management and greenery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 280 p. 117 illus., 97 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030160913
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16091-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16091-3
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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    Lagoa Santa Karst: Brazil's Iconic Karst Region (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Archaeology. ; Paleontology . ; Environmental management. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Conservation Biology. ; Archaeology. ; Paleontology. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- 200 years of karst research in the Lagoa Santa area -- Geology of the Lagoa Santa Karst -- The vegetation of the karst region -- Fauna of the Lagoa Santa Karst -- Hydrological behaviour of karst lakes -- Karst soils and their relationship to geomorphology -- Karst landforms -- Karst groundwater routes and dynamics -- Speleogenesis in the Lagoa Santa Karst.
    Abstract: This book discusses the Lagoa Santa Karst, which has been internationally known since the pioneering studies of the Danish naturalist Peter Lund in the early 1800s. It covers the speleogenesis, geology, vegetation, fauna, hydrogeology, geomorphology, and anthropogenic use of the Lagoa Santa Karst and is the first English-language book on this major karst area. The area, which has been at the heart of the debate on the origin and age of human colonization in the Americas, is characterized by a classical and scenic karst landscape with limestone cliffs, karst lakes and karst plains, in addition to numerous solution dolines. More than 1,000 caves have been documented in the area, many with significant archeological and paleontological value. Despite its great importance, the Lagoa Santa Karst faces severe environmental threats due to limestone mining and the expansion of the metropolis of Belo Horizonte and its surrounding towns. The growing recognition of the area’s remarkable significance has led to increasing concern, and a number of protected areas have now been established, improving the conservation status of this landmark karst area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 330 p. 204 illus., 178 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030359409
    Series Statement: Cave and Karst Systems of the World,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35940-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35940-9
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Landscapes and Landforms of Eastern Canada (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Geomorphology. ; Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Geography. ; Environment. ; Geomorphology. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Regional Geography. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Geomorphological landscapes of Eastern Canada: general overview -- Case studies, with at least one outstanding example from each of the major physiographic regions -- Geomorphological landscapes as heritage.
    Abstract: This is the only book to focus on the geomorphological landscapes of eastern Canada and provides a companion volume to “Landscapes and Landforms of Western Canada” (2017). There are a number of unique characteristics of eastern Canada’s landscapes, notably its magnificent coastlines, the extraordinary variety and extent of wetlands, the huge Great Lakes-St. Lawrence basin, the high incidence of meteorite craters , the spectacular Niagara Falls, urban karst in Montreal and Ottawa, youthful, glaciated karst in Ontario, Newfoundland, Quebec and Nova Scotia, the ubiquitous permafrost terrain of Nunavut, Labrador and northern Quebec and the magnificent arctic fjords and glaciers. Looking at coastlines, the tidal extremes of the Bay of Fundy are world renowned; the structural complexity of the island of Newfoundland is less well known, but produces an astounding variety of coastlines in close succession; the arctic fjordlands of Baffin and Ellesmere islands and the extravagant raised beaches of Hudson Bay bear comparison with the classic fjords of Norway and the Baltic Sea raised beaches. As for wetlands there are distinctive Arctic, Subarctic, Boreal, Eastern Temperate and Atlantic wetlands and their extent is second only to those of Russia. In the Hudson and James bay regions between 75-100% of the terrestrial surface is comprised of wetlands. One of North America’s largest river basins, the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence basin, has its source in Minnesota, straddles the USA-Canada border and debouches into Quebec as the St. Lawrence River and evolves through its estuary into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, a journey of almost 5,000 km. As far as meteorite craters are concerned, 10% of the world’s total are located in eastern Canada, including some of the largest and most complex. They are preserved preferentially in the ancient Shield terrain of Quebec. Finally, the three million km² of permafrost controlled relief in eastern Canada serves as a reminder of the vulnerability of eastern Canada’s landscapes to climate change. Effects of warming are expressed through thawing of the permafrost, disruption of transportation corridors and urban construction problems, ever-present geomorphic hazards.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 596 p. 411 illus., 387 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030351373
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35137-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35137-3
    DDC: 551.41
    Language: English
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    Southern Iraq's Marshes : Their Environment and Conservation (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Biotic communities. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Earth System Sciences. ; Ecosystems. ; Conservation Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part I. Historical perspectives -- Chapter 2. Cities in the Water: Waterscape and Evolution of Urban Civilization in Southern Mesopotamia as seen from Tell Zurghul, Iraq (Davide Nadali) -- Chapter 3. Reed-Swamps in the Sumerian Material Culture: Archaeological, Archaeobotanical and Experimental Insights from the Abu Tbeirah Excavations (Licia Romano, Alessandra Celant, Maria Virginia Montorfani, Franco D'Agostino) -- Chapter 4. Human Ecology of the Marshes (Ariel I. Ahram) -- Chapter 5. Role of women in ancient Mesopotamia and the southern marshes of Iraq: a comparative account (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part II. Environmental factors -- Chapter 6. Physical and chemical characters of Mesopotamian marshes: a short review (Bahram K. Maulood and Fikrat M. Hassan) -- Chapter 7. Hydrologic structures in the Tigris Euphrates Bas and their impact on the vitality of the Marshes (Toon Bijnens) -- Chapter 8. Importance of Hydrological and Hydrogeological Studies in Wetlands: Examples from Turkey (Melis Somay-Altas) -- Chapter 9. Use of Multispectral and Hyperspectral Satellite Imagery for Monitoring Water Bodies and Wetlands (Mahdi Hasanlou and Seyd Teymoor Seydi) -- Chapter 10. Usage of Satellite technology in monitoring the wetlands of Turkey, Tigris and Euphrates Watershed (Gordana Kaplan, Zehra Yigit Avdan, Ugur Avdan) -- Part III. Geology -- Chapter 11. Sedimentology and Mineralogy of Quaternary Sediments of Marshes, South of Iraq (Badir N. Albadran) -- Part IV. Major biotope -- Chapter 12. Phytoplankton and Primary Production in Iraqi marshes (Bahram K. Maulood and Fikrat M. Hassan) -- Chapter 13. Distribution patterns, diversity centres and priorities for conservation of Iranian true aquatic plants (Ahmadreza Mehrabian) -- Chapter 14. Compiled checklist of aquatic invertebrates of the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 15. The Indian shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) in the southern marshes of Iraq: a revision and evaluation of a compiled data (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 16. The presence of Gambusia fish in the southern marshes of Iraq: bad or good (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 17. Checklist of freshwater fishes of southwestern wetlands of Iran (Hamid Reza Esmaeili) -- Chapter 18. Checklist of fishes of the Caspian Sea basin: Land of Wetlands (Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Keyvan Abbasi) -- Chapter 19. The ornithological importance of the southern marshes of Iraq (Mudhafar A. Salim, Salwan A. Abed, and Richard F. Porter) -- Part V. Biodiversity aspects -- Chapter 20. Northern Gulf Marine Biodiversity in Relevance to the River Discharge (Faiza Al-Yamani, Igor Polikarpov, Maria Saburova) -- Chapter 21. A possible threat to the fish biodiversity in the southern marshes of Iraq: a mini review (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 22. Biotic homogenisation: a process that happening in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part VI. Natural resources -- Chapter 23. Fish, fishing methods and Fisheries of the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 24. The artisanal fishers in the southern marshes of Iraq and the traditional ecological knowledge (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part VII. The marshes and human health -- Chapter 25. Fish consumption of mothers and their children in fishermen society in the marsh areas (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 26. Ingestion of fish bones: clinical cases from the marsh areas of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part VIII. Environmental challenges -- Chapter 27. The status of pollution in the southern marshes of Iraq: A short review (Nader A. Salman, Hamid T. Al-Saad, Faris J. Al-Imarah) -- Chapter 28. The effects of man-made noise on the fishes in the marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 29. Heavy metals in wetlands in Turkey (Onur Can Türker and Jan Vymazal) -- Chapter 30. Locals’ awareness of ecotourism in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 31. The effects of thermal pollution on the aquatic life in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part IX. Conservation -- Chapter 32. What ecological principles required for a proposed establishment and management of national parks in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 33. The possible difficulties and outcomes of the biodiversity conservation of the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 34. Co-Management scheme to protect the southern marshes of Iraq: a proposal (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 35. Eradication as a method to manage the non-native fish in the marsh environment: a proposal (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 36. Freshwater commercial bycatch in the southern marshes of Iraq: the unexploited aquatic wealth and understated conservation problem (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part X. Socio-economic aspects -- Chapter 37. Ornamental fish farming: a proposal for a successful small scale aqua business project in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 38. Migration of youth to the big cities from the southern marshes of Iraq: solutions to keep locals with an upgrading for their skills and livelihood (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 39. The daily life of the marsh Arab of the southern marshes of Iraq through a camera lens (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 40. Socio-economic status comparison of fishermen community in two marsh areas in southern Iraq (Laith A. Jawad).
    Abstract: The Mesopotamian marshes are important for economic, social, and biodiversity values and have been home to indigenous human communities for millennia. They are regarded as a legendary site. This multi-authored book contains chapters written by world-renowned experts in their field. Both basic and applied information are made available, making the book a must-have for a wide spectrum of users. For example, an understanding of the natural and the social aspects of the marshes, as described here, is an obvious prerequisite for a pest management plan in this area. Scholars interested in wetlands can use this book as a guide to compare different wetlands areas in Asia. The bibliography section contains valuable references to the marsh areas and research in the field. This book serves as an up-to-date comprehensive source of information on different aspects of the southern marshes of Iraq and is aimed at academic scholars, environmentalists, and decision makers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 815 p. 364 illus., 262 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030662387
    Series Statement: Coastal Research Library, 36
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66238-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66238-7
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Exploring and Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Landscape ecology. ; Agriculture. ; Physical geography. ; Landscape Ecology. ; Agriculture. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Agricultural Landscapes: History, Status and Challenges -- Exploring Agricultural Landscapes: Recent Progress and Opportunities for Eurasia -- Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes: Measures Towards Prosperity and Sustainability -- The Russian Food Security Doctrine: Historical Roots and Major Limitations -- The Work of VV Dokuchaev in the Chernozem Zone of Russia: a Contribution to Productive and Sustainable Agrolandscapes, and a Basis for Recent Research -- Renewable Resources from Agriculture and Forestry – State of Use and Innovative Concepts in Germany -- Promising Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Threats in Europe and China -- Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs) – Importance, Overview, Soil Organic Matter.
    Abstract: The book informs about agricultural landscapes, their features, functions and regulatory mechanisms. It characterizes agricultural production systems, trends of their development, and their impacts on the landscape. Agricultural landscapes are multifunctional systems, coupled with all nexus problems of the 21th century. This has led to serious discrepancies between agriculture and environment, and between urban and rural population. The mission, key topics and methods of research in order to understanding, monitoring and controlling processes in rural landscapes is being explained. Studies of international expert teams, many of them from Russia, demonstrate approaches towards both improving agricultural productivity and sustainability, and enhancing ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes. Scientists of different disciplines, decision makers, farmers and further informed people dealing with the evolvement of thriving rural landscapes are the primary audience of this book.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 734 p. 327 illus., 294 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030674489
    Series Statement: Innovations in Landscape Research,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67448-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67448-9
    DDC: 577.5
    Language: English
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    Forest-Water Interactions (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Forestry. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Botanical chemistry. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Forestry. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Plant Biochemistry. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Cracking “Open” Technology in Ecohydrology -- Chapter 2. The Necessity of Sensor Calibration for the Precise Measurement of Water Fluxes in Forest Ecosystems -- Chapter 3. Applications of Unpiloted Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Forest Hydrology -- Chapter 4. LiDAR Applications to Forest-Water Interactions -- Chapter 5. On Complementing the Tracer Toolbox for Quantifying Hydrological Connectivity: Insights Gained from Terrestrial Diatom Tracer Experiments -- Chapter 6. Lessons in New Measurement Technologies: From Instrumenting Trees to the Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory -- Chapter 7. Primary Steps in Analyzing Data – Tasks and Tools for a Systematic Data Exploration -- Chapter 8. Martin Zwanzig, Robert Schlicht, Nico Frischbier, and Uta Berger -- Chapter 8 Spatiotemporal Statistics: Analysis of Spatially and Temporally-Correlated Throughfall Data – Exploring and Considering Dependency and Heterogeneity -- Chapter 9. Analysis of Vegetation-Water Interactions: Application and Comparison of Maximum-Likelihood Estimation and Bayesian Inference -- Chapter 10. Machine Learning Applications in Hydrology -- Chapter 11. Advances and Future Research Directions in the Study of Leaf Water Repellency -- Chapter 12. Throughfall Erosivity in Relation to Drop Size and Crown Position: A Case Study from a Teak Plantation in Thailand -- Chapter 13. Assessing the Ecological Significance of Throughfall in Forest Ecosystems -- Chapter 14. Root-Water Relations and Interactions in Mixed Forest Settings -- Chapter 15. Effects of Stemflow on Soil Water Dynamics in Forest Stands -- Chapter 16. Radiocesium Cycling in the Context of Forest-Water Interactions -- Chapter 17. Urban Trees as Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Mitigation and Use -- Chapter 18. Urban Tree Canopy Effects on Water Quality via Inputs to the Urban Ground Surface -- Chapter 19. Modeling the Impact of Urban Trees on Hydrology -- Chapter 20. Using Community Planning to Conserve Green Infrastructure and Water Quality -- Chapter 21. Forest Influences on Streamflow: Case Studies from the Tatsunokuchi-Yama Experimental Watershed, Japan and the Leading Ridge Experimental Watershed, USA -- Chapter 22. The Biogeochemical Response of Nitrate and Potassium to Landscape Disturbance in Watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA -- Chapter 23. Water and Nutrient Budgets of Organic Layers and Mineral Topsoils under Tropical Montane Forest in Ecuador in Response to 15 Years of Environmental Change -- Chapter 24. Forest-Water Interactions under Global Change.
    Abstract: The United Nations has declared 2018-2028 as the International Decade for Action on Water for Sustainable Development. This is a timely designation. In an increasingly thirsty world, the subject of forest-water interactions is of critical importance to the achievement of sustainability goals. The central underlying tenet of this book is that the hydrologic community can conduct better science and make a more meaningful impact to the world’s water crisis if scientists are: (1) better equipped to utilize new methods and harness big data from either or both high-frequency sensors and long-term research watersheds; and (2) aware of new developments in our process-based understanding of the hydrological cycle in both natural and urban settings. Accordingly, this forward-looking book delves into forest-water interactions from multiple methodological, statistical, and process-based perspectives (with some chapters featuring data sets and open-source R code), concluding with a chapter on future forest hydrology under global change. Thus, this book describes the opportunities of convergence in high-frequency sensing, big data, and open source software to catalyze more comprehensive understanding of forest-water interactions. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in an array of disciplines, including hydrology, forestry, ecology, botany, and environmental engineering. The chapter “Cracking “Open” Technology in Ecohydrology” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 628 p. 124 illus., 66 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030260866
    Series Statement: Ecological Studies, Analysis and Synthesis, 240
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26086-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26086-6
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Advanced GNSS Tropospheric Products for Monitoring Severe Weather Events and Climate : COST Action ES1206 Final Action Dissemination Report (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Atmospheric science. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Atmospheric Science.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Chapter 1. Scientific Background (J. Jones) -- Chapter 2. General Background (J. Jones, G. Guerova, J. Douša, G. Dick, S. de Haan, E. Pottiaux, O. Bock, R. Pacione and H. Vedel) -- Chapter 3. Advanced GNSS Processing Techniques (Working Group 1) (Y. Altiner, F. Alshawaf, J. Bosy, H. Brenot, E. Brockmann, R. Brožková, Z. Deng, G. Dick, W. Ding, J. Douša, K. Eben, M. Eliaš, R. Fernandes, Ganas, Geiger, G. Guerova, T. Hadaś, Hill, P. Hordyniec, F. Hurter, J. Jones, M. Kačmařík, K. Kaźmierski, J. Kaplon, P. Krč, Landskron, X. Li, Lu, J.P. Martins, G. Möller, L. Morel, G. Ófeigsson, R. Pacione, Pikridas, Pottiaux, J. Resler, W. Rohm, Sá, J. Sammer, T. Simeonov, W. Söhne, Stoycheva, Stürze, R. Szabolcs, N. Teferle, S. Thorsteinsson, P. Václavovic, H. Valentim, van Schaeybroeck, P. Viterbo, K. Wilgan, L. Yang, L. Zhao, N. Zinas and Zus) -- Chapter 4. Use of GNSS Tropospheric Products for High-Resolution, Rapid-Update NWP and Severe Weather Forecasting (Working Group 2) (J. S. Arriola, M. Bender, J. Berckmans, H. Brenot, C. Bruyninx, L. De Cruz, S. de Haan, G. Dick, N. Dymarska, K. Eben, G. Guerova, J. Jones, P. Krč, M. Lindskog, M. Mile, G. Möller, N. Penov, E. Pottiaux, J. Resler, W. Rohm, M. Slavchev, K. Stoev, Stoycheva, E. Trzcina and F. Zus) -- Chapter 5. Use of GNSS Tropospheric Products for Climate Monitoring (Working Group 3) (F. Ahmed, Araszkiewicz, Z. Bałdysz, K. Balidakis, Barroso, S. Bastin, S. Beirle, J. Berckmans, O. Bock, J. Böhm, J. Bogusz, M. Bos, E. Brockmann, M. Cadeddu, Chimani, J. Douša, G. Elgered, M. Eliaš, R. Fernandes, M. Figurski, E Fionda, M. Gruszczynska, G. Guerova, J. Guijarro, Hackman, R. Heinkelmann, J. Jones, S. Zengin Kazancı, Klos, Landskron, J.P. Martins, V. Mattioli, Mircheva, S. Nahmani, R T. Nilsson, T. Ning, Nykiel, R. Pacione, Parracho, E. Pottiaux, Ramos, P. Rebischung, Sá, Schuh, Stankunavicius, K. Stępniak, Valentim, R. Van Malderen, P. Viterbo, P. Willis and Xaver) -- Chapter 6. National Status Reports (Guergana Guerova) -- Chapter 7. STSM Reports (Guergana Guerova) -- Appendix.
    Abstract: The book (COST Action Final report) summarises the proceedings from COST Action ES1206. COST Action ES1206, Advanced GNSS Tropospheric Products for Severe Weather Events and Climate (GNSS4SWEC), was a 4-year project, running from 2013 to 2017, which coordinated new and improved capabilities from concurrent developments in GNSS, meteorological and climate communities. For the first time, the synergy of multi-GNSS constellations was used to develop new, more advanced tropospheric products, exploiting the full potential of multi-GNSS on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales - from real-time products monitoring and forecasting severe weather, to the highest quality post-processed products suitable for climate research. The Action also promoted the use of meteorological data as an input to real-time GNSS positioning, navigation, and timing services and has stimulated knowledge and data transfer throughout Europe and beyond. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 563 p. 290 illus., 270 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030139018
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13901-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13901-8
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Mysterious Ocean : Physical Processes and Geological Evolution (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Environment. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental sciences. ; Physics. ; Earth Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Physics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. The ocean begins -- Chapter2. Oceans created - oceans destroyed -- Chapter3. Where did continents come from? -- Chapter4. How deep is the ocean? -- Chapter5. The ocean in motion ! -- Chapter6. The lungs of the ocean -- Chapter7. Frozen ocean - ice ages and climate change -- Chapter8. The continental shelf -- Chapter9. The face of the deep -- Chapter10. An ocean of mysteries.
    Abstract: This book provides an introduction to ocean sciences that is engaging, evocative and accessible to non-experts interested in marine geoscience, while sparking readers' interest in important unsolved mysteries in marine science. The scope of the book is quite broad, but focuses on the physical ocean and its geological evolution, including the author's experiences working as an oceanographer over the last thirty years. Across ten chapters, the book traces the origins of the ocean from its formation 4 billion years ago, reviews the discoveries of the theory of plate tectonics, the ice ages and the great ocean conveyor, and discusses seafloor features (canyons, seamounts, trenches, abyssal plains, etc.), how they formed and their current environmental issues. The book concludes with a prognosis for the future ocean we might expect with global climate change and other human impacts. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 199 p. 31 illus., 27 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030156329
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15632-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15632-9
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 199
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    The Soils of Sri Lanka (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Soil science. ; Agriculture. ; Physical geography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Soil Science. ; Agriculture. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Soil Research and Soil Mapping History (Ranjith. B. Mapa)._ Chapter 2. Climate (B.V.R. Punyawardena) -- Chapter 3. Geology and Geomorphology (Rohana Chandrajith) -- Chapter 4. Soil Mineralogy (Srimathie P. Indraratne) -- Chapter 5. Major Soils of the Dry Zone and Their Classification (A.R. Dassanayake, G.G. R. De Silva and Ranjith B. Mapa) -- Chapter 6 Major Soils of the Intermediate Zone and Their Classicization ( A.R. Dassanayake, L.L.W. Somasiri and Ranjith B. Mapa) -- Chapter 7 Major Soils of the Wet Zone and Their Classification ( A.R. Dassanayake, A. Senarath, L.S.K. Hettiarachchi and Ranjith. B. Mapa) -- Chapter 8. Land Use (Ranjith B. Mapa) -- Chapter 9. Soil Degradation (H.B.Nayakekorala) -- Chapter 10. Future Soil Issues (Ranjith B. Mapa). .
    Abstract: This book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the soils of Sri Lanka. Including sections on the soil research history, climate, geology, geomorphology, major soil types, soil maps, soil properties, soil classification, soil fertility, land use and vegetation, soil management, soils and humans, soils and industry, and future soil issues, the book summarizes the current state of knowledge in a concise and highly reader-friendly way. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 128 p. 92 illus., 59 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030441449
    Series Statement: World Soils Book Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44144-9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44144-9
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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  • 200
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    The Soils of Libya (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
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    Keywords: Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Soil Science. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction (Hamdi A. Zurqani) -- Chapter 2. The history of soil mapping and research (Mukhtar. M. Elaalem) -- Chapter 3. Soil Forming Factors and Processes (Khaled R. Ben Mahmoud) -- Chapter 4. Soil Classification and Properties (Mukhtar. M. Elaalem) -- Chapter 5. Major Limiting Factors Affecting Agricultural Use and Production (Bashir A. Nwer) -- Chapter 6. Land Cover Land Use and the Vegetation Distribution (Hamdi A. Zurqani) -- Chapter 7. Soil Microbiology and Biotechnology (Eman Ali Ferjani) -- Chapter 8. Land Degradation and Desertification (Bashir A. Nwer).
    Abstract: This book presents the soil pedodiversity in Libya. Soils are the source of all life; there can be no life without them. Further, each soil has its own history and its present conditions, which have been shaped by many different factors (e.g. climate, biota, parent material, and relief or topography). The book, divided into eight chapters, provides extensive information on Libyan soils. Chapter one provides an introduction and a broad perspective of the subject, while Chapter two covers the history of soil mapping and research in Libya. Chapter three focuses on local factors of soil formation and describes the geology and climate of the region to explain the diversity of its soils. Chapter four discusses soil classification systems and those most commonly used in the country. The fifth chapter illustrates the constraints and limiting factors that negatively affect agricultural activities across the country. The land cover/land use and the vegetation of the country are described in Chapter six. In turn, Chapter seven presents the status quo of soil biology, the corresponding related research activities, and the other biological properties of Libyan soils. The final chapter (Chapter eight) focus on land degradation and desertification in Libya, emphasizing the main causes, impacts of the phenomena, and efforts to combat it. This book demonstrates the problems that the country is currently facing as a result of climate change, soil erosion, salinization, and pollution, and outlines potential remedies to improve local food security. Bringing together the perspectives and expertise of many distinguished scientists from various universities and institutions in and outside of Libya, the book represents a unique and highly valuable resource. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 134 p. 94 illus., 89 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030663681
    Series Statement: World Soils Book Series,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66368-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66368-1
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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