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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (39)
  • American Geophysical Union  (1)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Physical Society
  • 2020-2024  (40)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue highlights fundamental changes to the questions that we can ask about both the recent past and deep time. Delve into the forefront of paleontological research with this Special Issue reprint. Renowned paleontologists from around the world share groundbreaking insights into ancient life on Earth. Discover the latest advances in fossil discovery, analytical techniques, interdisciplinary collaborations, and technological innovations that are shaping our understanding of evolution and the Earth's history. This collection of cutting-edge research is a must-read for scientists, researchers, and enthusiasts interested in the dynamic field of paleontology in the modern era.
    Keywords: REE ; Tyrannosaurus rex ; molecular paleontology ; geochemical taphonomy ; diagenesis ; bone ; protein ; collagen ; Hell Creek Formation ; cuticle ; Eocene ; Fur Formation ; insects ; melanin ; mo-clay ; pigment ; Stolleklint Clay ; structural coloration ; Ølst Formation ; fossil ; dinosaur ; paleoproteomics ; porphyrin ; keratin ; feather ; taphonomy ; degradation ; microbes ; CO2 ; apatite ; paleontology ; China ; history ; 20th century ; 21th century ; paleobiology ; history and philosophy of paleontology ; twenty-first-century paleontology ; paleobiological revolution ; technoscience and global issues ; fossil proteins ; rare earth elements ; soft-tissue preservation ; geochemistry ; soft tissues ; molecular preservation ; Hornerstown Formation ; shallow marine ; glauconite ; hybridization ; introgression ; ancient DNA (aDNA) ; hominin paleontology ; paleoanthropology ; Brachylophosaurus ; Judith River Formation ; ELISA ; RIA ; Venta Micena site ; VM-0 ; VM-1960 ; taxonomy ; morphometrics ; phylogeny ; evolution ; morphological clock ; molecular clock ; biodiversity ; palaeobiogeography ; macroevolution ; primates ; Cercopithecidae ; monkeys ; genotype:phenotype mapping ; dentition ; Equidae ; Equinae ; hipparionini ; protohippini ; equini ; paleoecology ; paleoclimatology ; biochronology ; steroids ; diet ; coprolites ; Gryphaea dilatata ; crystallographic texture ; pole figures ; neutron diffraction ; recrystallization ; thick-walled shells ; molecular taphonomy ; fossils ; preservation ; mass spectrometry ; dinosaurs ; Neanderthal ; Combe-Grenal ; juvenile ; mandible ; periodontitis ; tooth ; tartar ; SEM analysis ; n/a ; terrestrialization ; artrhopods ; Cambrian explosion ; molecular clocks ; palaeontology ; phylogenomics ; teeth ; enamel ; microanalysis ; Purussaurus ; Neoepiblema ; miocene ; ICP-MS ; MEV ; microscopy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; micro-computed tomography ; radiocarbon dating ; DNA barcoding ; synchrotron ; bone remodeling ; elemental analysis ; diagenetic alteration ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book has focused on novel developments and advancements in the field of heterogeneous catalysis with the aim of greenhouse gas reduction. The book determines whether carbon dioxide is a crisis or an opportunity, as well as its conversion into useful products such as synthesis gas. Moreover, the selective catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides is also presented.
    Keywords: Al2O3 ; CO2 reforming ; La2O3 ; CH4 ; ZrO2 ; perovskites ; strontium ; cerium ; hydrogen ; sintering ; carbon deposition ; BiF3 nanostructure ; POP composite ; photocatalyst ; Rz ink ; CO2 ; stability ; H-ZSM-5 ; greenhouse gas reduction ; CeO2 ; MgO ; dry reforming ; heterogeneous catalysis ; in situ XRD ; carbon dioxide (CO2) ; carbon monoxide (CO) ; CO2 feedstock ; methanation ; catalyst ; catalysis ; photocatalysis ; Power-to-Gas ; catalyst design ; heterogenous catalysts database ; ceramic foams ; ZnO nanorods ; TiO2 nanorods ; NOx mitigation (deNOx) ; environmental nanocatalysis ; selective catalytic reduction SCR ; W and V catalytic sites ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: With the announcement of the European Green Deal, which defines a set of policy initiatives aimed at achieving a 50–55% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and making Europe climate neutral in 2050, the challenge of energy transition becomes even more critical. The transformation of national energy systems towards sustainability is progressing throughout all Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, yet the goals and results are different. Most EU Member States have made substantial progress towards meeting their long-term commitments of emissions reductions. However, some bloc members have struggled to meet their obligations. An effective energy transition requires the introduction of appropriately designed policy instruments and of robust economic analyses that ensure the best possible outcomes at the lowest costs for society. In this context, this Special Issue aims to bring into the discussion the challenges that CEE countries have to face and overcome while undergoing energy transition.
    Keywords: climate change ; food security ; grand challenges ; multiple factor analysis ; regional studies ; renewable energy ; sustainable development goals ; support systems ; energy policy ; cogeneration ; capacity market ; individual cogeneration premium ; trade globalization ; financial globalization ; CO2 emissions ; real GDP per capita ; bootstrap panel Granger causality ; EU transition economies ; photovoltaics ; renewable energy sources ; “My Electricity” ; renewable energy policy ; Poland ; “Mój Prąd” ; grant ; renewable energy grants ; renewable energy support ; economic appraisal ; social discount rate ; Ramsey formula ; consumption rate of interest ; social opportunity cost ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; green energy transformation ; sustainable development ; energy cooperatives ; coopetition ; Renewable Energy Communities ; management ; households ; energy consumption ; platform ; EU ETS ; CO2 ; emissions trading ; energy companies from Central and Eastern Europe ; decarbonisation ; energy transition ; low-carbon technology ; climate and energy policy ; indicators ; biomass ; electric vehicle ; electromobility ; energy balance ; efficiency engines ; clustering ; charging stations ; data analysis ; hydrogen cells ; energy law ; customer preferences ; electric car ; PHEV ; driving technique ; limestone sorbents ; flue gas desulphurisation ; FGD gypsum ; coal-fired power plants ; climate policy ; capacity adequacy ; linear programming ; COVID-19 pandemic ; lockdown ; electricity demand profiles ; Polish energy mix ; energy transition in Poland ; social acceptance ; carbon emissions ; fleet electrification ; sustainable mobility ; fleet management ; energy mix ; onshore wind ; risk assessment ; cash-flows ; discount rate ; cost of capital ; cost of equity ; district heating ; decarbonization ; energy efficiency ; Hubgrade ; remuneration mechanism ; power generation ; new investments ; combined heat and power ; optimization ; thermal energy storage ; uncertainty ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Rising pollution, climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels are leading many countries to focus on renewable-based energy conversion systems. In particular, recently introduced energy policies are giving high priority to increasing the use of renewable energy sources, the improvement of energy systems’ security, the minimization of greenhouse gas effect, and social and economic cohesion. Renewable energies’ availability varies during the day and the seasons and so their use must be accurately predicted in conjunction with the management strategies based on load shifting and energy storage. Thus, in order to reduce the criticalities of this uncertainty, the exploitation of more flexible and stable renewable energies, such as the geothermal one, is necessary. Geothermal energy is an abundant renewable source with significant potential in direct use applications, such as in district heating systems, in indirect use ones to produce electricity, and in cogeneration and polygeneration systems for the combined production of power, heating, and cooling energy. This Special Issue includes geothermal energy utilization and the technologies used for its exploitation considering both the direct and indirect use applications.
    Keywords: geothermal power production ; abandoned oil reservoirs ; in situ combustion ; organic Rankine cycle (ORC) ; plunger pump ; centrifugal pump ; pressure drop ; temperature utilization rate ; system generating efficiency ; carbonate geothermal reservoirs ; sustainable geothermal energy exploitation ; southern Italy ; numerical simulation ; dual-loop ORC ; mixture working fluids ; entropy generation ; entransy loss ; exergy loss ; Ground source heat pump ; oval cross-section ; groundwater ; borehole heat exchanger ; CFD ; Sandtank ; granite ; physical characteristics ; cyclic ; thermal treatment ; water cooling ; hybrid renewable polygeneration plant ; micro organic Rankine cycle ; evacuated solar thermal collectors ; photovoltaic panels ; plastic heat exchanger ; Organic Rankine Cycle ; geothermal energy ; shell and tube heat exchanger ; fouling resistance ; mobile thermal energy storage (M-TES) ; phase change material (PCM) ; LCOH ; heat transport ; renewable energy source ; household hybrid system ; dynamic simulation ; economic analysis ; TRNSYS software ; heating and cooling network ; polygeneration system ; geothermal energy community ; ORC ; energy district ; heat pump ; R1234ze ; CO2 ; geothermal ; renewable energy ; historic building ; energy saving ; earth-to-air ; horizontal pipe ; 2D model ; air conditioning ; renewable energy sources ; thermal performances ; energy efficiency ; parametric study ; geothermal resource ; Monte Carlo simulation ; assessment ; thermal reservoir ; North Jiangsu Basin ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The aim of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is to reduce the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere and to mitigate its effects on climate change. Over the years, naturally occurring CO2 sources have been utilized in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in the United States. This has presented an opportunity to supplement and gradually replace the high demand for natural CO2 sources with anthropogenic sources. There also exist incentives for operators to become involved in the storage of anthropogenic CO2 within partially depleted reservoirs, in addition to the incremental production oil revenues. These incentives include a wider availability of anthropogenic sources, the reduction of emissions to meet regulatory requirements, tax incentives in some jurisdictions, and favorable public relations. The United States Department of Energy has sponsored several Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) through its Carbon Storage program which have conducted field demonstrations for both EOR and saline aquifer storage. Various research efforts have been made in the area of reservoir characterization, monitoring, verification and accounting, simulation, and risk assessment to ascertain long-term storage potential within the subject storage complex. This book is a collection of lessons learned through the RCSP program within the Southwest Region of the United States. The scope of the book includes site characterization, storage modeling, monitoring verification reporting (MRV), risk assessment and international case studies.
    Keywords: geologic CO2 sequestration ; CO2 and brine leakage ; underground source of drinking water ; risk assessment ; response surface methodology ; early detection criteria ; multi-objective optimization ; CO2-WAG ; machine learning ; numerical modeling ; hybrid workflows ; morrow ; Farnsworth ; Anadarko ; incised valley ; geological carbon sequestration ; reactive surface area ; mineral trapping ; enhanced oil recovery with CO2 (CO2-EOR) ; geochemical reactions ; workflow ; workshop ; process influence diagram ; response surface model ; polynomial chaos expansion ; NRAP ; relative permeability ; geologic carbon storage ; multi-phase flow simulation ; life cycle analysis ; CO2-enhanced oil recovery ; anthropogenic CO2 ; global warming potential ; greenhouse gas (GHG) ; carbon storage ; CO2-EOR ; CO2 sequestration ; geomechanics ; reservoir fluid flow modelling ; tightness of caprock ; CO2 leakage ; threshold pressure ; reactive solute transport ; multi-phase fluid flow ; Farnsworth Unit ; STOMP ; GEM ; TOUGHREACT ; 4D ; time lapse ; CO2 ; EOR ; WAG ; sequestration ; monitoring ; carbon sequestration ; caprock integrity ; noble gas migration ; seal by-pass ; carbon dioxide storage ; storage efficiency factor ; probabilistic ; expectation curve ; Monte Carlo ; Farnsworth Field ; petroleum system modeling ; CO2 migration ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This book focuses on the much-needed efforts to design sustainable, well-being-oriented economies, based on appropriate energy use in all sectors of a country´s development. Carbon neutrality, energy efficiency and effectiveness, renewable energies, circular economy strategies, environmental consequences of energy use, engagement and empowerment of local communities in decision making, energy and environmental impacts of consumer behavior, and finally science-based approaches towards sustainable production and consumption are the main focus of the research activities described within this book. An effort to go beyond energy scarcity, to promote energy communities, to explore new technologies, and overall, to understand and address the population-lifestyle-energy nexus towards increased and shared well-being is the final result jointly provided by the book authors. All in all, the aim is for the book to be the starting point of a deeper research and understanding of the importance of a radical improvement in energy use in society, beyond considering energy as just a resource in the world market. Circular economy aspects are also investigated, showing the energy saving potential associated with the appropriate design and recovery of material resources.
    Keywords: energy consumption for heating ; CO2 emissions ; income ; buildings ; cities ; Spain ; emissions ; CO2 ; GWP ; functional unit ; natural gas ; SOFC ; optimal layout ; wake effect ; fluctuation ; wind farm ; ramping rate ; energy policy investments ; cost-benefit analysis ; social discount rate ; dual discounting ; energy transition index ; energy consumer ; behavioural model ; consumer segmentation ; socioeconomic characteristics ; end user profile ; energy awareness ; electricity ; efficiency ; multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis ; multifractality ; MLM ; rolling window ; smart grids ; demand response ; island communities ; social acceptance ; technology readiness ; sustainability ; Italy ; Ireland ; multi-regional input–output ; nexus ; trade ; Belt and Road ; renewable energy ; potential ; Indonesia ; literature review ; 100% renewables ; scenario ; energy savings ; circular economy ; construction and demolition waste ; recycled aggregates ; agri-food by-products ; urban building energy model ; UBEM ; level of detail ; LOD ; shadowing ; thermal zoning ; s-LCA ; LCA ; energy communities ; empowerment ; energy justice ; resource sustainability ; exergy ; exergy cost accounting ; exergy cost of biological resources ; decarbonisation ; climate neutrality ; industrial energy saving ; strategic decision making ; net-zero ; road mapping ; energy efficiency ; ideal mix ; sustainability strategy ; energy efficiency index ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Implementing sustainable development is central to achieving global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating anthropogenic environmental impacts. As defined by the UN 2030 Agenda and its associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), sustainable development requires a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, which is not without its challenges. Indeed, studies tracking global progress toward meeting the 2030 SDG targets emphasize the importance of implementing sustainable solutions, with several SDG targets described as 'off track.' Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the challenges of an interdisciplinary, unified, and practical approach to sustainable implementation. In this context, this Reprint brings together 15 selected papers presented during the 2022 SDEWES Conference. These papers cover a broad range of topics, from circular governance models to education related to sustainable practices, as well as the impacts of current legislative frameworks targeting energy efficiency, built environment energy performance, bio-based industrial applications, transport and sustainable energy services, and production, supply, and infrastructure maintenance strategies. This Reprint provides an interdisciplinary and holistic perspective on sustainable development solutions, with several papers highlighting the interrelations between various fields and aspects of sustainability.
    Keywords: combined heat and power ; hospitality ; feasibility ; sensitivity analysis ; simple payback ; energy performance certificate ; CO2 ; multi-apartment buildings ; heating ; energy consumption ; cooling ; performance-based retrofit ; decision support ; building performance simulation ; parametric analysis ; multiple-criteria decision analysis ; residential buildings ; in-line inspection ; smart pig ; sensor ; oil ; natural gas ; pipeline ; environment ; biorefinery ; organosolv ; lignin ; pre-treatment ; higher education ; competencies development ; STEM education ; sustainability ; colloidal particles ; Pickering emulsion ; rheological behaviour ; ESCO business models ; aggregator business models ; energy services for buildings ; energy performance contract ; Pay-for-Performance contract ; energy efficiency in buildings ; demand response ; demand side flexibility ; residential sector ; governance ; circular economy ; circular territories ; index ; circularity ; thermal transmittance ; thermal resistance ; finite element method ; heat flux sensor ; in situ monitoring ; concrete masonry unit ; hydrogen ; water ; wastewater ; electrolysis ; water scarcity ; wastewater treatment plants ; desalination ; Jordan ; system dynamics ; thermal comfort ; Minha Casa Minha Vida ; natural ventilation ; bioclimatic architecture ; social housing ; energy poverty ; battery electric vehicles ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ; hybrid electric vehicles ; CO2 emissions ; Hofstede ; advertising ; sustainability integration ; Middle East ; supply chain management ; responsible logistics ; education for SDGs ; natural gas pipelines ; nondestructive testing (NDT) ; in-line inspection robot ; wireless communication ; antenna ; circular waveguide ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are currently intensified by a strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste, microplastic formation, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. To a steadily increasing extend, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are considered a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources, and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion by the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for inter alia: consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA accumulating organisms, in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring the composition of PHA on the level of the monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by minor energy and chemical requirement.
    Keywords: polyhydroxyalkanoate ; PHOU ; water soluble PHA ; network ; tannic acid ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; PHB ; PAT ; Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714 ; process monitoring ; ultrasound particle manipulation ; Tepidimonas taiwanensis ; grape pomace ; thermophiles ; cheese whey ; acetic acid ; Acetobacter pasteurianus C1 ; Bacillus sp. CYR-1 ; PHA ; biodegradable plastic ; PHBHHx ; CO2 ; Cupriavidus necator ; hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium ; biopolymers ; commercialization ; copolyester ; homopolyester ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; biopolymer ; plasticizer ; ferulic acid ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; cell retention ; volatile fatty acids ; Bacillus megaterium ; polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ; polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) ; mixed microbial cultures ; activated sludge ; respiration kinetics ; Monod kinetics ; oxygen mass balance ; hysteresis ; process modelling ; sugar beet molasses ; hydrolysis ; synthesis ; properties of PHA ; cyanobacteria ; habitat conditions ; sampling ; wild types ; single species selection ; purification ; axenic cultures ; growth ; non-phototrophic CO2 assimilation ; Knallgas cultivation ; Chemolithotrophs ; ATEX compliant bioreactor ; dissolved oxygen control ; mcl-PHAs ; scl-PHAs ; polythioester ; 3-hydroxybutyrate ; bioplastic ; alpha-methylated ; rubber-like elasticity ; polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB-co-HV)) ; mixed microbial culture (MMC) ; hypochlorite digestion ; subcritical water (SBW) ; autotrophs ; biopolyesters ; industrialization ; mcl-PHA ; polymer processing ; polymer recovery ; process design ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: For many years, the trend of increasing energy demand has been visible. Despite the search for alternative energy sources, it is estimated that oil and natural gas will be the main source of energy in transport for the next several dozen years. However, the reserves of renewable raw materials are limited in volume. Along with the degree of depletion, oil recovery becomes more and more difficult, even though the deposits are not yet completely empty. Therefore, it is essential to find new methods to increase oil and gas recovery. Actions aimed at intensifying oil recovery are very rational use of energy that has not yet been fully used. Usually, an increase in oil recovery can be achieved by using extraction intensification methods. However, measures to increase oil recovery can be implemented and carried out at any stage of the borehole implementation. Starting from the well design stage, through drilling and ending with the exploitation of oil and gas. Therefore, in order to further disseminate technologies and methods related to increasing oil recovery, a special edition has been developed, entitled "Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery". This Special Issue mainly covers original research and studies on the above-mentioned topics, including, but not limited to, improving the efficiency of oil recovery, improving the correct selection of drilling fluids, secondary methods of intensifying production and appropriate energy management in the oil industry.
    Keywords: gas migration ; well cementing ; cement slurry ; cement sheath ; corrosion resistance ; gas outflows ; oil-based mud ; invert drilling fluid ; water phase ; oil phase ; emulsion stability ; emulsifier ; drilling mud ; oxidants ; enzymes ; filter cake ; improving the sealing of the borehole ; rational selection of drilling fluids ; cleaning the borehole ; adhesion ; spacer fluid ; CO2 and H2S geological sequestration ; acid gas reinjection ; acid gas migration ; bottomhole sampling ; isotopic composition ; gas and water chemical analysis ; soil gas analysis ; leakage risk analysis ; improved borehole sealing ; nanosilica ; cement stone ; mechanical parameters ; drilling fluids ; wash ; mud cake ; annular space ; borehole cleaning ; cementing ; wash contact time ; high temperature on corrosion of mining pipes ; water ; aggressive natural gas components ; L80-1 steel ; water shut-off treatment ; gas production ; water-gas ratio (WGR) ; formation permeability ; well logging data quality and quantity interpretation ; gas well ranking ; water flooding ; pore scale ; enhanced oil recovery ; viscosity ; capillarity ; jet pump ; oil ; well ; sucker-rod pump ; gas-water-oil mixture ; chrome coating ; unconventional resources ; shale gas ; oil gas ; total organic carbon (TOC) ; cluster analysis ; genetic type of kerogen ; WAG ; carbonate reservoir ; CO2 ; acid gas ; high-nitrogen natural gas ; water alternating gas ; EOR ; recovery factor ; genetic programming ; fine-grained material ; borehole sealing efficiency ; technological parameters ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Recent research and development in the field of high-current circuit breaker technology are devoted to meeting two challenges: the environmental compatibility and new demands on electrical grids caused by the increasing use of renewable energies. Electric arcs in gases or a vacuum are the key component in the technology at present and will play a key role also in future concepts, e.g., for hybrid and fast switching required for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. In addition, the replacement of the environmentally harmful SF6 in gas breakers and gas-insulated switchgear is an actual issue. This Special Issue comprises eight peer-reviewed papers, which address recent studies of switching arcs and electrical insulation at high and medium voltage. Three papers consider issues of the replacement of the environmentally harmful SF6 by CO2 in high-voltage gas circuit breakers. One paper deals with fast switching in air with relevance for hybrid fault current limiters and hybrid HVDC interrupters. The other four papers illustrate actual research on vacuum current breakers as an additional option for environmentally compatible switchgear; fundamental studies of the vacuum arc ignition, as well as concepts for the use of vacuum arcs for DC interruption.
    Keywords: vacuum circuit breaker ; double break ; prestrike characteristics ; vacuum interrupter ; prestrike gap ; gaseous breakdown ; SF6 ; CO2 ; surface roughness ; statistical enlargement laws ; vacuum arc ; DC circuit breaker ; current interruption ; magnetic field ; plasma physics ; zero-crossing ; circuit breaker ; switching arc ; optical emission spectroscopy ; ablation ; current zero ; SF6 alternative gases ; PTFE ; optical absorption spectroscopy ; Swan bands ; CuF ; hybrid dc circuit breaker ; vacuum arc commutation ; solid-state switch ; vacuum arc voltage ; air arc plasma ; Thomson actuator ; magnetohydrodynamic simulations ; fast switch ; optical diagnostics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book contains a collection of recent peer-reviewed articles on the topic "Crop Adaptation to Elevated CO2 and Temperature" published in Plants. Topics range from meta-analyses of crop responses, to descriptions and results of large-scale screening efforts, to molecular studies of changes in gene expression related to fruit quality.
    Keywords: adaptation ; breeding ; CO2 ; CWR ; seed yield ; goji berry ; sugar metabolism ; elevated CO2 ; functional domain ; gene cloning and expression ; Lens culinaris ; climate change adaptation ; root development ; root depth distribution ; climate change ; heat stress ; nitrogen assimilation ; nitrogen metabolism ; nitrogen uptake ; Solanum ; tomato ; warming ; Solanum tuberosum ; tuber ; sink organ ; ambient temperature ; cell proliferation ; grain quality ; cereals ; yield and quality ; high [CO2] ; predicted future climate ; high temperature ; grain quality traits ; drought stress ; Genovese cultivar ; photosynthesis ; stomatal conductance ; chlorophyll ; carotenoids ; antioxidant defense metabolites ; early growth stage ; ethylene ; IAA conjugates ; indole-3-acetic acid ; invasiveness ; lupine seedlings ; simulated conditions ; warming simulation ; grain yield ; biomass ; bread wheat ; genotypes ; barley ; CO2 enrichment ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; water-use efficiency ; yield ; gravitropic angle of curvature ; initial root ; lateral root number ; primary root ; root system architecture ; simulated warming ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This is a reprint of the MDPI IJERPH Special Issue entitled "COVID-19 and Environment: Impacts of a Global Pandemic". The reprint consists of 17 papers with different topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental impacts using data from different countries all over the globe.
    Keywords: risk perception ; China as an international tourism destination ; anticipated emotions ; destination attachment ; post-pandemic ; COVID-19 ; customer behavior ; psychological process ; live-streaming shopping apps ; stimulus-organism-response framework ; Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 ; Flow Theory ; gender ; age ; SARS-CoV-2 ; environmental contamination ; air samples ; surface samples ; bottom trawling ; COVID-19 pandemic lockdown ; environmental impacts ; macrobenthic fauna ; tidal channels ; central Mediterranean Sea ; ethnopharmacology ; skin diseases ; cosmetics ; Lithuania ; global environment ; solid waste ; air quality ; transport ; airborne ; CO2 ; collective transport ; tramway ; filtration ; infectious diseases ; epidemiology ; public health ; elementary teacher ; junior high school teacher ; psychological change ; physical changes ; urban mobility ; parking demand ; IoT parking sensors ; explanatory data analysis ; parking policies ; vaccinations ; pharmacist ; KAP ; infection control ; burnout ; COVID-19 pandemic ; postnatal care ; psychological distress ; psychosocial support ; health-seeking behavior ; appendicitis ; surgical care ; metrology ; data analysis ; atmospheric environment ; pollution ; coronavirus ; comorbidity ; spatial analysis ; logistic regression ; ROC curve ; freight transport ; air freight ; sea shipping ; road transport ; recovery measures ; strategies ; public trust ; perceived societal fairness ; mental health ; air pollution ; PM2.5 concentration ; gym sports ; spatial econometric model ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology & medical statistics
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry.
    Keywords: petrographic characteristics ; sandstones ; physicomechanical properties ; concrete petrography ; CO2 storage ; acid-catalyzed wet torrefaction ; acid hydrolysis ; barley straw ; combined severity factor ; enhancement factor ; energy yield ; higher heating value ; response surface methodology ; coal seams ; methane resources ; numerical simulations ; legal issues ; removal of Cu ; mechanical activation of serpentinite ; sustainability ; wastewater treatment ; underground ; energy storage ; natural gas ; carbon storage ; hydrogen ; thermal energy ; CO2 ; chemical simulation ; NOx emission ; staged combustion ; high temperature ; strong reducing atmosphere ; biofuel ; biorenewables ; corn ; DDGS ; ethanol ; torrefaction ; waste-to-energy ; waste-to-carbon ; CSF ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The protection and maintenance of environmental resources for future generations require responsible interaction between humans and the environment in order to avoid wasting natural resources. According to an ancient Native American proverb, “We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” This indigenous wisdom has the potential to play a significant role in defining environmental sustainability. Recent technological advances could sustain humankind and allow for comfortable living. However, not all of these advancements have the potential to protect the environment for future generations. Developing societies and maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem require appropriate wisdom, technology, and management collaboration. This book is a collection of 19 important articles (15 research articles, 3 review papers, and 1 editorial) that were published in the Special Issue of the journal Sustainability entitled “Appropriate Wisdom, Technology, and Management toward Environmental Sustainability for Development” during 2021-2022.addresses the policymakers and decision-makers who are willing to develop societies that practice environmental sustainability, by collecting the most recent contributions on the appropriate wisdom, technology, and management regarding the different aspects of a community that can retain environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: metals ; arsenic ; pollution ; Mexico ; developing countries ; landfill ; urban solid waste ; disposal ; waste management ; sustainable development goals ; ethnobotany ; human health ; poverty ; traditional knowledge ; sustainable agriculture ; wheat ; seed rate ; yield effect ; dose–response ; seed recycling ; cost–benefit analysis ; blockchain ; SDGs ; innovation ; COVID-19 ; green recovery ; scorecard ; construction sector ; economy ; intersectoral linkages ; VECM ; forecasting ; sustainable development ; eco-friendly sound-absorbing material ; corrugated cardboard ; perforated corrugated cardboard ; sound-absorption coefficient ; sound transmission loss ; transfer function method ; transfer matrix method ; multi-frequency resonator ; self-compacting concrete ; crumb rubber ; strength ; silica fume ; response surface methodology ; biodiesel ; engine performance ; emissions ; natural feedstocks ; production method ; ethical marketing ; extended marketing mix ; consumer brand relationships ; brand loyalty ; sustainability ; rice husk ; power plants ; CO2 ; emission reductions ; Clean Development Mechanism ; rural clean heating project ; rural Gansu ; potential solutions ; benchmarking ; fisheries ; aquaculture ; food security ; Bangladesh ; humanitarian logistics ; pandemic ; economic reactivation ; spatial modelling ; sustainable construction ; construction waste reduction ; modelling of waste (reduce, reuse and recycle) ; PLS-SEM ; industry 4.0 ; circular economy ; environmental regulations ; manufacturing supply chains ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; groundwater level ; groundwater resource ; groundwater management models ; groundwater monitoring system ; wireless sensor network ; MENA Islamic cities ; urban management ; sustainable built environment ; supplier selection ; product life cycle cost ; geometric mean weighting ; penalty weighting ; multiobjective linear programming ; revised multichoice goal programming ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Materials processing is the first, and a key, step in proper utilization of the composition of a given material and to realize the microstructural features that are intended to attain desired property levels for a given application. Both primary and secondary processing methods are equally important in tailoring the end properties of materials. In view of the crucial importance of the processing of materials, this Special Issue is intending to cover all innovative aspects of primary processing (solid phase, liquid phase, two phase, 3D printing, rapid solidification, etc.) and secondary processing (such as variations in extrusion, forging, rolling, equichannel angular extrusion, etc.) of materials (polymers/metal/ceramic-based, including their composites). Desirable attributes expected for submission will be processing–microstructure–property interrelations.
    Keywords: electrical discharge machining ; vibroacoustic emission ; adaptive control ; monitoring ; discharge gap ; erosion products ; silver nanoparticles ; mulberry leaves extract ; CO2-assisted polymer compression ; numbering-up ; high productivity ; CO2 ; polymer ; porous material ; process improvement ; 1D magnetic photonic crystals ; multilayer film modeling ; modeling of Faraday rotation spectra ; MPC optimization ; exhaustive computation ; materials characterization ; nanoceramics ; coatings ; auxiliary electrode ; electrical conductivity ; oxides ; nitrides ; carbon particles ; oil medium ; additive technologies ; additive manufacturing ; FFF ; 3D printing ; nylon ; cryogenic machining ; review ; liquid nitrogen ; liquid carbon dioxide ; thermomechanical processing ; bobbin friction stir welding ; atomic force microscopy ; AA6082-T6 aluminium alloy ; dynamic recrystallization ; precipitation ; macroscopic self-standing architectures ; Ni-doped MnO2 ; Co-doped MnO2 ; propane oxidation ; mechanical properties ; 3D-printing ; compensation ; accuracy ; precision ; adsorption ; hydrotalcite ; thiophene/dibenzothiophene ; n-pentane ; desulfurization ; structural ceramic ; oxide ceramic ; EDM ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; electrode ; thin films ; white layer ; electro physics ; chemical reactions ; sublimation ; friction stir welding ; WC ; AA1100 aluminium plate ; weld contamination ; tunnel void ; kissing bond ; erosion ; tool wear ; ZnNix ; explosive deposition ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 16
    facet.materialart.
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Construction materials are the most widely used materials for civil infrastructure in our daily lives. However, from an environmental point of view, they consume a huge amount of natural resources and generate the majority of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, many new and novel technologies for designing environmentally friendly construction materials have been developed recently. This Special Issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. It covers a wide range of selected topics on construction materials.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; fluorescence spectrum ; microstructure ; regeneration ; sensitivity analysis ; asphalt mixes ; limestone aggregates ; bio-oil ; plateau value of dissipated strain energy ratio ; diatomite ; water-leaching pretreatment ; fatigue performance ; ultra-thin wearing course ; recycling aggregate ; design optimization ; induction heating ; vibration noise consumption ; bitumen ; relaxation ; viscous-elastic temperature ; field evaluation ; healing agents ; transmittance ; Ca-alginate microcapsules ; artificially aged asphalt mixture ; sequencing batch Chlorella reactor ; waste concrete ; plant ash lixivium ; steel fiber ; ultra-high performance concrete ; titanate coupling agent ; SEM ; self-healing ; physical properties ; porous pumice ; thermal–mechanical properties ; aggregate morphology ; asphalt mortar ; adhesion energy ; styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen ; water solute exposure ; emulsified asphalt ; demulsification speed ; mineral-asphalt mixtures ; aging processes ; phase change materials ; surface texture ; long-term drying shrinkage ; contact angle ; aging depth ; asphalt ; calcium alginate capsules ; nitrogen and phosphorus removal ; micro-morphology ; rice husk ash ; low-temperature ; cement ; hydrophobic nanosilica ; asphalt mixture ; thickness combinations ; layered double hydroxide ; initial self-healing temperature ; environmentally friendly construction materials ; epoxidized soybean oil ; limestone ; chemical evolutions ; temperature sensitivity characteristics ; micro-surfacing ; cement emulsified asphalt mixture ; dynamic characteristics ; high-strength concrete ; flame retardant ; durability ; creep ; damping ; damage constitutive model ; Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) ; granite aggregate ; diatomite-modified asphalt mixture ; healing model ; asphalt combustion ; freeze-thaw cycle ; SBS-modified bitumen ; workability ; graphene ; flow behavior index ; fluidity ; parametrization ; fatigue property ; rankinite ; railway application ; crystallization sensitivity ; aqueous solute compositions ; pozzolanic reaction ; self-healing asphalt ; recycled material ; artificial neural network ; rheological properties ; molecular dynamic simulation ; building envelopes ; aluminum hydroxide ; crumb rubber ; optimization ; viscoelasticity ; building energy conservation ; diffusing ; anti-rutting agent ; molecular bridge ; engineered cementitious composites (ECC) ; pavement performance ; morphology ; colloidal structure ; hydrophilic nanosilica ; construction materials ; road engineering ; laboratory evaluation ; rejuvenator ; fatigue equation ; aggregates ; three-point bending fatigue test ; energy-based approach ; aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes ; polyacrylic acid ; mastic ; CO2 ; specific surface area ; aggregate image measurement system ; solubilizer ; flexibility ; simplex lattice design ; SBS/CRP-modified bitumen ; water stability ; fatigue life ; rejuvenating systems ; skid-resistance ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; rheology ; hydration characteristic ; surface energy ; modified asphalt materials ; asphalt pavement ; stripping test ; SOD ; tensile stresses ; ultraviolet radiation ; basalt fiber ; “blue-shift” ; polyvinyl alcohol ; sanitary ceramics ; dynamic moduli ; aggregate characteristics ; compound modify ; expanded graphite ; steel slag ; induced healing ; thermal property ; effective heating depth ; dissipated strain energy ; MDA ; mechanical behavior ; plateau value of permanent deformation ratio ; long-term field service ; crack healing ; desulphurization gypsum residues ; pavement failure ; rejuvenation ; interfacial transition zone ; combination ; polyethylene glycol ; adsorption ; tensile strains ; cold recycled asphalt mixture ; resistance to deformations ; asphalt-aggregate adhesion ; viscoelastic properties ; damage evolution ; carbonation ; microwave heating ; amorphous silica ; high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) ; hot mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregate ; microfluidic ; dynamic responses ; concrete ; asphalt mastic ; crumb rubber powder ; response surface methodology ; nanomaterial ; self-compacting concrete (SCC) ; rutting factor ; X-ray computed tomography ; fiber modification ; overlay tester ; rubber modified asphalt ; ageing ; aged bitumen ; aged asphalt ; recycling ; damage characteristics ; dynamic tests ; permeation ; ageing resistance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue “Refrigeration Systems and Applications” aims to encourage researchers to address the concerns associated with climate change and the sustainability of artificial cold production systems, and to further the transition to the more sustainable technologies and methodologies of tomorrow through theoretical, experimental, and review research on the different applications of refrigeration and associated topics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; artificial neural network ; P-? indicator diagram ; r1234ze(e) ; experimental ; ethylene-glycol nanofluids ; HFO ; magneto-caloric effect ; thermodynamic analysis ; HVAC ; refrigerant reclamation ; domestic refrigeration system ; distillation ; R-410A ; energy efficiency ; energy consumption ; LiCl-H2O ; acetoxy silicone rubber ; exergy analysis ; two-phase ejector ; modelling ; Cu nanofluids ; off-design behaviors ; eddy currents ; heat transfer ; phase change material ; r1234yf ; superheating ; irreversibility ; gadolinium ; CFD ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; CO2 ; chiller energy consumption ; vapor compression system ; thermal energy storage ; heat pump ; nanofluids ; thermodynamic performance ; transiting exergy ; caloric cooling ; solid-state cooling ; LiBr-H2O ; parasitic heat load ; hydraulic turbine ; calculation model ; magnetic refrigeration ; coefficient of performance ; transcritical system ; magnetocaloric effect ; LaFe13 ? x ? yCoxSiy ; twin-screw refrigeration compressor ; absorption refrigeration system ; thermal load ; ejector refrigeration technology ; barocaloric ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Humidity detection has deep significance for the scientific research surrounding medical care and human performance, and the industrial development of agriculture, geography and automated instruments. This special issue aims to showcase some of the advancements in humidity sensor design and calibration, and its applications. The selected papers cover a variety of humidity sensor-related topics including material science, chemistry and industrial engineering. Through dedicated contributions from peer reviewers and the editorial team, this book aims to offers reader some insight into the field of humidity sensor development and use.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; emissivity ; transient response ; Trace moisture ; user interaction ; IDE ; SHT75 ; random shocks ; humidity sensor ; calibration points ; measurement uncertainty ; humidity ; porous materials ; building materials ; Monte Carlo method ; relative humidity ; capacitive sensors ; reliability model ; microwave resonator ; remote sensing ; body-seat interface ; low pressure ; moisture ; low temperature ; bio fuel ; three-dimensional graphene foams ; moisture measurement ; dual temperature-humidity sensor ; humidity sensors ; FD ; consumer grade weather stations ; CO2 ; fast response ; frequency domain ; dependent competing failure ; dielectric constant ; time domain reflectometry ; agriculture ; saturated salt solutions ; winter fire risk ; Mars in-situ measurements ; experimental simulation chambers ; paper mill ; capacitive ; sitting rate ; infrared radiant source ; calibration ; capacitive humidity sensors ; self-recovery ; carbon dioxide ; TDR ; ball SAW sensor ; Martian atmosphere ; surface acoustic wave ; permeation tube ; thermal impact ; SIDE ; surface soil water content ; PI ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Climate change, urban air quality, and dependency on crude oil are important societal challenges. In the transportation sector especially, clean and energy efficient technologies must be developed. Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained a growing interest in the vehicle industry. Nowadays, the commercialization of EVs and PHEVs has been possible in different applications (i.e., light duty, medium duty, and heavy duty vehicles) thanks to the advances in energy storage systems, power electronics converters (including DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and battery charging systems), electric machines, and energy efficient power flow control strategies. This book is based on the Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences on “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)”. This collection of research articles includes topics such as novel propulsion systems, emerging power electronics and their control algorithms, emerging electric machines and control techniques, energy storage systems, including BMS, and efficient energy management strategies for hybrid propulsion, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-home (V2H), grid-to-vehicle (G2V) technologies, and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; hybrid energy storage system ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle ; Li-ion battery ; emerging electric machines ; lithium-ion capacitor ; electric vehicles (EVs) ; efficient energy management strategies for hybrid propulsion systems ; plug-in hybrid ; attributional ; electric vehicle ; energy system ; energy efficiency ; modified one-state hysteresis model ; air quality ; adaptive neuron-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) ; Markov decision process (MDP) ; simulated annealing ; Paris Agreement ; mobility needs ; interleaved multiport converte ; dynamic programming ; state of health estimation ; strong track filter ; LCA ; modelling ; consequential ; losses model ; voltage vector distribution ; parallel hybrid electric vehicle ; electricity mix ; time-delay input ; convex optimization ; lifetime model ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 battery ; battery power ; CO2 ; capacity degradation ; regenerative braking ; open-end winding ; novel propulsion systems ; group method of data handling (GMDH) ; state of charge ; Well-to-Wheel ; energy storage systems ; including wide bandgap (WBG) technology ; wide bandgap (WBG) technologies ; marginal ; lithium polymer battery ; life-cycle assessment (LCA) ; energy management ; dual inverter ; lithium-ion battery ; measurements ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) ; emerging power electronics ; Q-learning (QL) ; fuel consumption characteristics ; Plugin Hybrid electric vehicle ; Energy Storage systems ; meta-analysis ; range-extender ; engine-on power ; reinforcement learning (RL) ; multi-objective genetic algorithm ; power sharing ; energy management strategy ; power distribution ; hybrid electric vehicles ; system modelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint focuses on new trends in photo-electrocatalysis, specifically addressed to the remediation of wastewater and energy production. The remediation of wastewater, up to a level that is acceptable for discharge into receiving waterbodies, involves an ever-growing demand of energy, so effective and low-energy treatment processes are highly desirable. Among the other treatments, photo- and photo-electrochemical treatment processes may be considered as advanced oxidation processes (AOP), which are based on the generation of OH radicals, strong oxidizing agents able to indiscriminately degrade even the most persistent organic compounds. Photocatalysis and photo-electrocatalysis can be considered as effective methods for organic degradation, especially when the semiconductor is active in the range of visible light. Several results are presented on new morphologies and structures, which allow more photoactive, visibly responsive, and stable materials, as well as studies on combined processes in which photo- or photo-electrochemistry contribute to an increase in the sustainability of the whole process, lowering costs and achieving the most valuable final products. In view of the circular economy concept, microbial fuel cell systems are also considered as possible way to recover energy from organic pollutants contained in wastewater.
    Keywords: composite ; polymethylmethacrylate ; photocatalytic oxidation ; titanium dioxide ; tetracycline ; ethanol ; photocatalysis ; silver(II) oxide ; mechanical mixture ; in situ deposition ; hydrogen evolution ; Anodic oxidation ; diamond electrodes ; UV irradiation ; ultrasounds ; amoxicillin ; ampicillin ; Composite catalysts ; synergy effect ; solar energy ; wastewater remediation ; photoelectrocatalysis ; TiO2 nanostructures ; Au nanoparticles ; water splitting ; bisphenol A oxidation ; ZnFe2O4 ; degree of inversion ; cation distribution ; photoelectrochemical activity ; porous nickel ; selective corrosion ; hydrogen evolution reaction ; metal sulfides ; H2 production ; photocatalyst ; facet effect ; light trapping ; crystal size ; non-precious metal catalysts ; Cu–B alloy ; microbial fuel cell ; cathode ; environmental engineering ; oxygen electrode ; renewable energy sources ; graphitic carbon nitride ; H2 generation ; Ni–Co catalyst ; electricity production ; advanced oxidation processes ; azo dye ; sustainable resources ; niobium ; water reuse ; water treatment ; AOPs ; zinc oxide ; nanoclusters ; UVA ; visible light ; photocatalytic reduction ; CO2 ; TiO2 photocatalysts ; surface modification ; solar fuel ; magnetron sputtering ; titanium dioxide (TiO2) film ; photocatalytic activity ; metal and non-metal doping ; optical properties ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Microalgae are photosynthetic unicellular microorganisms that represent an extremely important component of the aquatic ecosystem productivity, diversity, and functioning. Moreover, these microorganisms, using a network of signals, interact with all the other organisms present in their environment. Signals are often secondary metabolites that play an important role in competition, defense, attraction, and signaling. These molecules are recognized for having bioactive properties, but some of them are still largely underexplored and underexploited. This Special Issue focuses on studies aimed to improve knowledge on microalgal ecology (diversity and dynamics) in aquatic ecosystems, as well as on their capacity to produce bioactive compounds with potential biotechnological applications.
    Keywords: microalgae-bacteria consortia ; predation ; raceway pond ; bubble column reactors ; nitrogen removal ; productivity ; centrate ; molecular tools. ; picocyanobacteria toxicity ; Cyanobium ; Synechococcus ; Artemia salina ; sea urchin embryos ; HeLa cell line ; microcystin ; BMAA ; harmful algal blooms ; bioremediation ; filtration activity ; polychaetes ; dinoflagellates ; Spirulina ; phycocyanin ; extraction ; ultrafiltration ; diafiltration ; phytoplankton ; highly-mineralized water ; gypsum karst lake ; community ; structural variables ; diversity indices ; spirulina ; Arthrospira maxima ; glyphosate ; proteomics ; resistance ; biodiversity ; biovolume ; cell size ; eutrophication ; mesocosm ; temperature ; nitrogen pollution ; climate change ; imaging flow cytometry ; n/a ; biofilters ; cyanobacteria ; microalgae ; single-cell protein ; rumen function ; bioactive compounds ; photobiocatalysis ; Emiliania huxleyi ; CO2 ; coccolithophores ; Idiomarina abyssalis ; Brachybacterium sp. ; phytoplankton–bacteria interactions ; changing ocean ; functional profiling of marine bacteria ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Construction materials are the most widely used materials for civil infrastructure in our daily lives. However, from an environmental point of view, they consume a huge amount of natural resources and generate the majority of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, many new and novel technologies for designing environmentally friendly construction materials have been developed recently. This Special Issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. It covers a wide range of selected topics on construction materials.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; fluorescence spectrum ; microstructure ; regeneration ; sensitivity analysis ; asphalt mixes ; limestone aggregates ; bio-oil ; plateau value of dissipated strain energy ratio ; diatomite ; water-leaching pretreatment ; fatigue performance ; ultra-thin wearing course ; recycling aggregate ; design optimization ; induction heating ; vibration noise consumption ; bitumen ; relaxation ; viscous-elastic temperature ; field evaluation ; healing agents ; transmittance ; Ca-alginate microcapsules ; artificially aged asphalt mixture ; sequencing batch Chlorella reactor ; waste concrete ; plant ash lixivium ; steel fiber ; ultra-high performance concrete ; titanate coupling agent ; SEM ; self-healing ; physical properties ; porous pumice ; thermal–mechanical properties ; aggregate morphology ; asphalt mortar ; adhesion energy ; styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen ; water solute exposure ; emulsified asphalt ; demulsification speed ; mineral-asphalt mixtures ; aging processes ; phase change materials ; surface texture ; long-term drying shrinkage ; contact angle ; aging depth ; asphalt ; calcium alginate capsules ; nitrogen and phosphorus removal ; micro-morphology ; rice husk ash ; low-temperature ; cement ; hydrophobic nanosilica ; asphalt mixture ; thickness combinations ; layered double hydroxide ; initial self-healing temperature ; environmentally friendly construction materials ; epoxidized soybean oil ; limestone ; chemical evolutions ; temperature sensitivity characteristics ; micro-surfacing ; cement emulsified asphalt mixture ; dynamic characteristics ; high-strength concrete ; flame retardant ; durability ; creep ; damping ; damage constitutive model ; Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) ; granite aggregate ; diatomite-modified asphalt mixture ; healing model ; asphalt combustion ; freeze-thaw cycle ; SBS-modified bitumen ; workability ; graphene ; flow behavior index ; fluidity ; parametrization ; fatigue property ; rankinite ; railway application ; crystallization sensitivity ; aqueous solute compositions ; pozzolanic reaction ; self-healing asphalt ; recycled material ; artificial neural network ; rheological properties ; molecular dynamic simulation ; building envelopes ; aluminum hydroxide ; crumb rubber ; optimization ; viscoelasticity ; building energy conservation ; diffusing ; anti-rutting agent ; molecular bridge ; engineered cementitious composites (ECC) ; pavement performance ; morphology ; colloidal structure ; hydrophilic nanosilica ; construction materials ; road engineering ; laboratory evaluation ; rejuvenator ; fatigue equation ; aggregates ; three-point bending fatigue test ; energy-based approach ; aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes ; polyacrylic acid ; mastic ; CO2 ; specific surface area ; aggregate image measurement system ; solubilizer ; flexibility ; simplex lattice design ; SBS/CRP-modified bitumen ; water stability ; fatigue life ; rejuvenating systems ; skid-resistance ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; rheology ; hydration characteristic ; surface energy ; modified asphalt materials ; asphalt pavement ; stripping test ; SOD ; tensile stresses ; ultraviolet radiation ; basalt fiber ; “blue-shift” ; polyvinyl alcohol ; sanitary ceramics ; dynamic moduli ; aggregate characteristics ; compound modify ; expanded graphite ; steel slag ; induced healing ; thermal property ; effective heating depth ; dissipated strain energy ; MDA ; mechanical behavior ; plateau value of permanent deformation ratio ; long-term field service ; crack healing ; desulphurization gypsum residues ; pavement failure ; rejuvenation ; interfacial transition zone ; combination ; polyethylene glycol ; adsorption ; tensile strains ; cold recycled asphalt mixture ; resistance to deformations ; asphalt-aggregate adhesion ; viscoelastic properties ; damage evolution ; carbonation ; microwave heating ; amorphous silica ; high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) ; hot mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregate ; microfluidic ; dynamic responses ; concrete ; asphalt mastic ; crumb rubber powder ; response surface methodology ; nanomaterial ; self-compacting concrete (SCC) ; rutting factor ; X-ray computed tomography ; fiber modification ; overlay tester ; rubber modified asphalt ; ageing ; aged bitumen ; aged asphalt ; recycling ; damage characteristics ; dynamic tests ; permeation ; ageing resistance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: River catchments and reservoirs play a central role in water security, food supply, flood risk management, hydropower generation, and ecosystem services; however, they are now under increasing pressure from population growth, economic activities, and changing climate means and extremes in many parts of the world. Adaptive management of river catchments and reservoirs requires an in-depth understanding of the impacts of future uncertainties and thus the development of robust, sustainable solutions to meet the needs of various stakeholders and the environment. To tackle the huge challenges in moving towards adaptive catchment management, this book presents the latest developments in cutting-edge knowledge, novel methodologies, innovative management strategies, and case studies, focusing on the following themes: reservoir dynamics and impact analysis of dam construction, optimal reservoir operation, climate change impacts on hydrological processes and water management, and integrated catchment management.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; downscaling ; suspended sediment concentration ; modeling ; South-to-North Water Transfer Project ; sensitivity analysis ; simulation ; protection zone ; reservoirs ; mussel ; sediment regime ; resilience and robustness ; optimal flood control operation ; multi-objective model ; optimization ; scenario analysis ; floodplain vertical shape index ; aftereffect ; lentic habitats ; energy ; stochastic linear programming ; ?-constrained method ; Tekeze basin ; runoff ; cascade reservoirs ; costs and benefits ; sediment flushing efficiency ; vulnerability ; Heihe River Basin ; TB-MPC ; heating impact ; flushing efficiency ; system dynamics ; Indian Monsoon ; shaft spillway pipe ; integrated supply system modeling ; seasonal rainfall ; sediment management ; design and operation of the multipurpose reservoir ; Kappa distribution ; CO2 ; reliability ; uncertainty ; Yangtze River ; Markov chain ; the Yangtze River ; Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model ; land and water resources ; integrated surface water-groundwater model ; Heilongjiang ; Kurobe River ; flow regime ; numerical simulation ; long distance water diversion ; tropical reservoir ; multi-stage stochastic optimization ; direct policy search ; inverted siphon ; environmental flow ; parameterization ; accompanying progressive optimality algorithm ; integrated management ; hydropower stations ; differential evolution algorithm ; sediment flushing of empty storage ; back propagation neural network ; NSGA-II ; two-dimensional bed evolution model ; real-time control ; upper Chao Phraya River Basin ; CMIP5 ; genetic algorithm ; dam ; irrigation ; CMIP3 ; water energy ; discharge ; the Jingjiang River Reach ; water environmental capacity (WEC) ; climate change ; shortage ratio: Vulnerability ; optimal scheduling ; hydrology ; Siemianówka ; ungauged basin ; game theory ; power function ; SWAT ; Dokan Dam ; natural flow regime ; bitterling ; reservoir flushing ; vertical profiles of concentration ; ratio curve ; partial gauged basin ; sediment load ; adaptive management ; water deficit ; the upper Yangtze River Basin ; Miyun Reservoir ; parameter relation ; stochastic dynamic programming ; NPP ; runoff response ; Narew River ; coupling model ; Langcang-Mekong River ; drinking water resources ; the Huangshi Reservoir ; reverse regulation ; nutrient uptake ; water resources allocation ; multi-agent of river basin ; HEC-ResPRM ; dynamic programming with progressive optimality algorithm (DP-POA) ; reservoir operation ; sea surface temperatures ; reservoir simulation model ; SWAT model ; El Niño/Southern Oscillation ; CORDEX-Africa ; hedging policy ; multi-objective optimization NSGA II ; reservoir ; general regression neural network ; flood control ; Jingjiang River Reach ; catchment modelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Recently, energy development has received significant attention through the promising results of technology development, experimentation, computational modeling, and validation. However, it remains a persistent challenge to produce the needed energy while significantly reducing the environmental effects, such as the emission of greenhouse gases, which lead to climate change. Moreover, technological and economic limitations may also hinder energy development for sustainability. This book entitled Energy Development for Sustainability covers technologies, products, equipment, and devices as well as energy services based on software and data protected by patents and/or trademarks. This book will serve as a collection of the latest scientific and technological approaches to various energy development initiatives for sustainability encompassing novel sonocatalytic application and integrated algal and sludge-based wastewater treatment system, energy storage, sustainable building, gas absorption, organosolv pretreatment, energy usage and CO2 emission in transportation, coal regulation for energy, solar photovoltaic system, torrefaction for fuel production, energy management system, clean energy incubator, biofuels from microalgae, and the influence of COVID-19 on climate change. Overall, this book addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants, as well as decision-makers in industries and politics. This book contains comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in the area of energy development for sustainability. We hope the readers will enjoy this book.
    Keywords: multi-objective optimization ; bioenergy ; biomass ; microalgae ; sludge ; wastewater ; algae ; biofuel production ; environmental policy ; life cycle assessment ; clean energy incubator ; core competitiveness evaluation ; matter-element extension ; TOPSIS ; KPCA ; NSGA-II ; LSSVM ; smart grid ; time-of-use ; demand bidding program ; battery energy storage system ; direct search method ; sorghum distilled residue ; thermogravimetric analysis ; torrefaction kinetics ; biomass and bioenergy ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; biochar ; LMDI decomposition ; spatiotemporal analysis ; ASEAN ; climate change ; CO2 emissions ; light trapping ; zero-depth concentrator ; light reflection ; internal-cell spacing ; energy system ; coal regulation ; pollution abatement ; environmental benefits ; health benefits ; transport ; spatial LMDI ; emissions ; Philippines ; Google Maps ; transportation ; energy use ; modeling ; vehicle flow ; organosolv pretreatment ; delignification ; fractionation ; organic solvent ; degraded empty fruit bunch ; COVID-19 ; CO2 ; fossil fuel ; Malaysia ; metal–organic framework ; MIL-101 ; solvent free ; adsorption ; carbon dioxide ; air conditioner ; cooling load ; heat conduction ; residential building ; roof insulation ; roof tile color ; solar reflectance ; metal–air battery ; carbon particles ; biomass waste ; electro-catalyst ; g-C3N4 ; carbon composite ; coconut shell husk ; characteristic ; sonocatalytic degradation ; malachite green ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue comprises 12 papers from authors in 10 countries with new insights on the close coupling between magma as an energy and fluid source with hydrothermal systems for the primary control of magmatic behavior. Data and interpretation are provided on the rise of magma through a hydrothermal system, the relative timing of magmatic and hydrothermal events, the temporal evolution of supercritical aqueous fluids associated with ore formation, the magmatic and meteoric contributions of water to the systems, the big picture for the highly active Krafla Caldera, Iceland, as well as the implications of results from drilling at Krafla concerning the magma–hydrothermal boundary. Some of the more provocative concepts are that magma can intrude a hydrothermal system silently, that coplanar and coeval seismic events signal “magma fracking” beneath active volcanoes, that intrusive accumulations may far outlast volcanism, that arid climate favors formation of large magma chambers, and that even relatively dry rhyolite magma can rapidly convect and so lack a crystallizing mush roof. A shared theme is that hydrothermal and magmatic reservoirs need to be treated as a single system.
    Keywords: la soufrière ; guadeloupe ; volcanic gas ; volcanic unrest ; hydrothermal gas ; multigas ; extensometry ; Krafla volcano ; geothermal systems ; conceptual models ; volcanology ; magma ; hydrothermal ; fracking ; volcanoes ; Kamchatka ; igneous petrology ; tectonics ; heat flow ; glaciation ; climate ; incremental pluton emplacement ; contact metamorphism ; petrochronology ; titanite ; zircon ; U-Pb dating ; thermometry ; hydrothermal fluids ; incremental intrusion ; hydrothermal fluid ; microstructure ; dissolution ; precipitation ; textural coarsening ; alteration ; porosity ; eruption ; fracture ; permeability ; dome emplacement ; hydrothermal system ; RSAM ; tremor ; gliding spectral lines ; White Island ; phreatic eruptions ; geyser ; Uzon ; CO2 ; TOUGH2 ; modeling ; Kirishima volcano group ; Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano ; geothermal activity ; multiple hydrothermal system ; magmatic hydrothermal eruption ; kick upwelling ; Erdenet Cu–Mo deposit ; cathodoluminescence ; supercritical fluid ; transient fluid pressure ; magmatic-hydrothermal system ; fluid inclusion ; magma energy ; magma convection ; heat flux ; geothermal energy ; magma–hydrothermal ; heat transport ; gas and fluid geochemistry ; phreatic eruption ; volcano monitoring ; geophysical imaging ; drilling ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Construction materials are the most widely used materials for civil infrastructure in our daily lives. However, from an environmental point of view, they consume a huge amount of natural resources and generate the majority of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, many new and novel technologies for designing environmentally friendly construction materials have been developed recently. This Special Issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. It covers a wide range of selected topics on construction materials.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; fluorescence spectrum ; microstructure ; regeneration ; sensitivity analysis ; asphalt mixes ; limestone aggregates ; bio-oil ; plateau value of dissipated strain energy ratio ; diatomite ; water-leaching pretreatment ; fatigue performance ; ultra-thin wearing course ; recycling aggregate ; design optimization ; induction heating ; vibration noise consumption ; bitumen ; relaxation ; viscous-elastic temperature ; field evaluation ; healing agents ; transmittance ; Ca-alginate microcapsules ; artificially aged asphalt mixture ; sequencing batch Chlorella reactor ; waste concrete ; plant ash lixivium ; steel fiber ; ultra-high performance concrete ; titanate coupling agent ; SEM ; self-healing ; physical properties ; porous pumice ; thermal–mechanical properties ; aggregate morphology ; asphalt mortar ; adhesion energy ; styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen ; water solute exposure ; emulsified asphalt ; demulsification speed ; mineral-asphalt mixtures ; aging processes ; phase change materials ; surface texture ; long-term drying shrinkage ; contact angle ; aging depth ; asphalt ; calcium alginate capsules ; nitrogen and phosphorus removal ; micro-morphology ; rice husk ash ; low-temperature ; cement ; hydrophobic nanosilica ; asphalt mixture ; thickness combinations ; layered double hydroxide ; initial self-healing temperature ; environmentally friendly construction materials ; epoxidized soybean oil ; limestone ; chemical evolutions ; temperature sensitivity characteristics ; micro-surfacing ; cement emulsified asphalt mixture ; dynamic characteristics ; high-strength concrete ; flame retardant ; durability ; creep ; damping ; damage constitutive model ; Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) ; granite aggregate ; diatomite-modified asphalt mixture ; healing model ; asphalt combustion ; freeze-thaw cycle ; SBS-modified bitumen ; workability ; graphene ; flow behavior index ; fluidity ; parametrization ; fatigue property ; rankinite ; railway application ; crystallization sensitivity ; aqueous solute compositions ; pozzolanic reaction ; self-healing asphalt ; recycled material ; artificial neural network ; rheological properties ; molecular dynamic simulation ; building envelopes ; aluminum hydroxide ; crumb rubber ; optimization ; viscoelasticity ; building energy conservation ; diffusing ; anti-rutting agent ; molecular bridge ; engineered cementitious composites (ECC) ; pavement performance ; morphology ; colloidal structure ; hydrophilic nanosilica ; construction materials ; road engineering ; laboratory evaluation ; rejuvenator ; fatigue equation ; aggregates ; three-point bending fatigue test ; energy-based approach ; aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes ; polyacrylic acid ; mastic ; CO2 ; specific surface area ; aggregate image measurement system ; solubilizer ; flexibility ; simplex lattice design ; SBS/CRP-modified bitumen ; water stability ; fatigue life ; rejuvenating systems ; skid-resistance ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; rheology ; hydration characteristic ; surface energy ; modified asphalt materials ; asphalt pavement ; stripping test ; SOD ; tensile stresses ; ultraviolet radiation ; basalt fiber ; “blue-shift” ; polyvinyl alcohol ; sanitary ceramics ; dynamic moduli ; aggregate characteristics ; compound modify ; expanded graphite ; steel slag ; induced healing ; thermal property ; effective heating depth ; dissipated strain energy ; MDA ; mechanical behavior ; plateau value of permanent deformation ratio ; long-term field service ; crack healing ; desulphurization gypsum residues ; pavement failure ; rejuvenation ; interfacial transition zone ; combination ; polyethylene glycol ; adsorption ; tensile strains ; cold recycled asphalt mixture ; resistance to deformations ; asphalt-aggregate adhesion ; viscoelastic properties ; damage evolution ; carbonation ; microwave heating ; amorphous silica ; high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) ; hot mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregate ; microfluidic ; dynamic responses ; concrete ; asphalt mastic ; crumb rubber powder ; response surface methodology ; nanomaterial ; self-compacting concrete (SCC) ; rutting factor ; X-ray computed tomography ; fiber modification ; overlay tester ; rubber modified asphalt ; ageing ; aged bitumen ; aged asphalt ; recycling ; damage characteristics ; dynamic tests ; permeation ; ageing resistance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Optical gas sensing is one of the fastest developing research areas in laser spectroscopy. Continuous development of new coherent light sources operating especially in the Mid-IR spectral band (QCL—Quantum Cascade Lasers, ICL—Interband Cascade Lasers, OPO—Optical Parametric Oscillator, DFG—Difference Frequency Generation, optical frequency combs, etc.) stimulates new, sophisticated methods and technological solutions in this area. The development of clever techniques in gas detection based on new mechanisms of sensing (photoacoustic, photothermal, dispersion, etc.) supported by advanced applied electronics and huge progress in signal processing allows us to introduce more sensitive, broader-band and miniaturized optical sensors. Additionally, the substantial development of fast and sensitive photodetectors in MIR and FIR is of great support to progress in gas sensing. Recent material and technological progress in the development of hollow-core optical fibers allowing low-loss transmission of light in both Near- and Mid-IR has opened a new route for obtaining the low-volume, long optical paths that are so strongly required in laser-based gas sensors, leading to the development of a novel branch of laser-based gas detectors. This Special Issue summarizes the most recent progress in the development of optical sensors utilizing novel materials and laser-based gas sensing techniques.
    Keywords: laser flow meter ; Pitot tube ; flow speed ; time of flight ; dilution method ; flow simulation ; flow turbulence ; gas sensing applications ; MEMS ; gas sensor ; photoacoustics ; cantilever ; capacitive detection ; analytic model ; infrared imaging ; multispectral and hyperspectral imaging ; air pollution monitoring ; remote sensing and sensors ; spectroscopy ; fourier transform ; image processing ; laser gas analyzer ; flux measurement ; eddy covariance method ; derivative absorption spectroscopy ; gas sensors ; antiresonant hollow core fibers ; laser spectroscopy ; wavelength modulation spectroscopy ; tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy ; photothermal spectroscopy ; photoacoustic spectroscopy ; fiber gas sensors ; mid-infrared ; quantum cascade detector ; high-speed operation ; heterodyne detection ; high-resolution spectroscopy ; isotopic ratio ; frequency comb ; Vernier spectroscopy ; refractometry ; pressure ; short-term performance ; Fabry–Perot cavity ; gas modulation ; modulation techniques ; metrology ; integrated sensors ; waveguides ; absorption spectroscopy ; Raman spectroscopy ; gas sensing ; femtosecond laser micromachining ; microchannel fabrication ; microstructured fibers ; photoacoustic ; pressure transducer ; wafer-level ; CO2 ; combined NIR/MIR laser absorption ; laser multiplexing in a mid-IR single-mode fiber ; simultaneous multispecies (CO, CO2, H2O) in situ measurements ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book represents a Special Issue collection called: “Optimising Soilless Culture Systems and Alternative Growing Media to Current Used Materials”. Nine original papers, one review, and an Editorial from 41 authors from different countries were published in this Special Issue. New strategies and technologies, including new sustainable raw materials, should be continually developed to solve specific cultivation limitations, optimise existing systems, reduce related environmental impacts, and address the impacts of climate change.
    Keywords: suppressiveness ; Trichoderma harzianum ; peat ; compost ; substrate ; Vaccinium corymbosum ; container ; ammonium uptake ; southern highbush blueberry ; organic fertilizer ; hydroponic ; ribotypes ; vermicompost leachate ; Spinacia oleracea ; substrates ; soilless culture systems ; photosynthetic pigments ; phenols ; flavonoids ; ascorbic acid ; DPPH ; FRAP ; Aquaponics ; soilless cucumber ; leachate pH ; cucumber yield ; peat substitute ; growing media ; decision tree ; feasibility ; heather ; cattail ; reed ; alder ; peat reduction ; cascade hydroponics ; basil ; salinity ; amino acids ; nutrients ; root restriction ; nutrient solution ; irrigation frequency ; rootzone temperature ; oxygenation ; vapour pressure deficit ; lighting ; rootzone pH ; root exudates ; CO2 ; plant-microorganism relationships ; NH4+ ; NO3− ; nitrification ; Q10 ; modeling ; greenhouse gases ; greenhouse ; organic substrates ; carotenoids ; phenolic compounds ; carbon dioxide ; nitrous oxide ; methane ; N2O ; CH4 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from residues or by using advanced synthesis technologies like chemical vapor deposition. The carbon family is very broad, ranging from classical activated carbons to more advanced species such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. The surface chemistry is one of the most interesting aspects of this broad family of materials, which allows the incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities or heteroatoms on the carbon surface, such as O, N, B, S, or P, which can modify the acid–base character, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, or the electronic properties of these materials and, thus, determine the final application. This book represents a collection of original research articles and communications focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of heteroatom-doped functional carbon materials.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; targeted adsorption ; graphene oxide ; bonding type ; oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) ; doping ; catalysis ; porous carbon ; Cd(II) ; nitrogen-doped graphene oxide ; sp3-defect ; heteroatoms ; amino group ; nitrogen-doped ; energy storage ; cross-link bond type ; energy power density ; polyaniline ; environmental remediation ; molten salt ; adsorption ; polyphosphates ; microcrystalline cellulose ; carbo microsphere ; Orange G ; carbon materials ; chemical functionalization ; physicochemical properties ; supercapacitor capacitance ; nanoparticles and shallow reservoirs ; pulse laser deposition ; co-activation method ; carbon capture and storage process (CCS) ; biochar ; CO2 ; adsorption studies ; graphene ; polypyrrole ; oxygen peroxide oxidation ; carbon nanotubes ; salt and base ; nanofluids ; carbon gels ; bio-phenol resin ; synergism ; magnetic moment ; photocatalysis ; oxygen reduction reaction ; carbon dioxide ; surface chemistry ; functionalized graphene oxide ; nitrogen-doped carbon materials ; N–doped carbon ; p-phenylene diamine ; electrochemical analysis ; mesoporosity ; carbon dioxide adsorption ; electrode material ; nitrogen-doped graphene ; nitrogen and oxygen doped activated carbon ; electrocatalysis ; supercapacitor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: A major challenge for the future is combining both the profitability and sustainability of agriculture. The European H2020 project SoilCare aims to identify, test, and evaluate soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) which contribute to the implementation of agricultural solutions across Europe (See: https://soilcare-project.eu/en/ for the project website). The project includes 16 study sites distributed across Europe. Each study site implemented short-term experiments during the duration of the project, and most also ran long-term experiments comparing soil quality as a function of different treatments, such as soil amendments, tillage, cover crops, nutrients, and organic matter inputs. In addition, eight work-packages assess different aspects encompassing reviewing the soil-improving cropping systems, the participatory analysis of implementation and selection, methodology and analysis, upscaling at the European level, policy analysis and support, and dissemination and communication. In this way, SoilCare works on a providing a holistic approach to soil quality, spanning from biophysical to human interactions at different scales. In this Special Issue, we aim to compile scientific findings on soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) based on field experiments, including the study of policy, upscaling, and dissemination.
    Keywords: soil quality assessment ; sewage sludge ; long-term effect ; Mediterranean soils ; soil erosion ; soil-improving crop systems ; sustainable land management ; sustainable agriculture ; soil improving practices ; crop response ; weather conditions ; Podzol soil ; Bland–Altman statistics ; soil organic carbon ; soil-water content ; no-till ; reduced tillage ; manure ; compost ; soil care ; nitrous oxide ; N2O ; carbon dioxide ; CO2 ; greenhouse gas ; compaction ; earthworms ; direct drilling ; bulk density ; conservation agriculture ; no tillage ; minimum tillage ; principal component analysis ; soil quality index ; scoring function ; deliberative democracy ; q-methodology ; regenerative agriculture ; soil conservation ; Pisum sativum L. ; organic manure ; NPK ; pH ; SOM ; macronutrients ; nutrient content ; degree of compaction ; soil penetration resistance ; relative normalised density ; air-filled porosity ; tillage ; straw incorporation ; bio-drilling crops ; subsoiling ; crop productivity ; crop residue ; crop rotation ; crop yield ; environmental effects ; irrigation ; nutrient management ; resource use ; soil-improving cropping systems ; soil quality ; agriculture ; sustainability frameworks ; socio-economic and environmental indicators ; soil land management ; agricultural advisory services ; soil health ; governance ; agricultural advisers ; sustainable soil management ; soil policy ; advice ; compacted subsoils ; mechanized agriculture ; smallholder agriculture ; soil bulk density ; sustainability framework ; overall sustainability ; costs and benefits ; cover crops ; adoption ; crop management ; environmental dimension ; sociocultural dimension ; economic dimension ; large-scale modelling ; Europe ; SOC stocks ; scenarios ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The reprint provides a comprehensive review of various topics related to sustainable building design and operation, with a particular focus on energy efficiency and environmental impact. It covers a wide range of topics, including visual comfort assessment, decision-making processes of residents, low-cost devices for CO2 monitoring, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on residential energy use. The reprint also includes discussions on solar energy in urban planning, cost-optimal measures for energy renovation, and passive solar solutions for buildings. It provides insights into the use of different materials and strategies for improving the energy efficiency of building envelopes, including the integration of phase change materials and the use of reflective coatings on building roofs. Several case studies are presented in the book, which explores the implementation of sustainable design strategies in different building types and climates. The authors also discuss the use of advanced modeling techniques to simulate the performance of different building systems, including vertical greenery systems and the solar cadaster.
    Keywords: bidirectional gated recurrent unit ; convolutional neural networks ; electricity consumption prediction ; hybrid deep learning model ; residential load prediction ; solar energy ; building energy performance ; energy saving ; passive solar design ; synergistic design ; risk assessment ; climate change ; health ; heat stress ; AQI ; solar reflective coatings ; heat transfer ; daily heat gains ; cool roofs ; residential energy modeling ; COVID-19 ; coronavirus pandemic ; temperature sensitivity ; energy security ; phase change material ; thermal energy storage ; energy efficiency ; passive strategies ; active strategies ; adaptive envelopes ; Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) ; classification ; comparison of different types of VGS ; mathematical modeling and thermohygrometric analysis ; EnergyPlus ; public school buildings ; optimal cost ; energy renovation ; public buildings ; solar cadaster ; solar potential modeling ; numerical validation ; heritage values ; user ; sustainability ; thermal comfort ; heritage buildings ; decision-making ; preservation ; Mexico City ; urban planning ; active solar systems ; passive solar strategies ; Italian case studies ; agrivoltaics ; visual comfort ; lighting ; daylight ; user centred design ; modeling ; monitoring ; indoor air quality (IAQ) ; smart building ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; CO2 ; refurbishment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The experience of a good indoor environment can result in positive perceptual outcomes, which is related to the occupant’s well-being. Conversely, noise, uncomfortable temperatures and humidity, dim light, poor air quality, and pungent smells can compromise occupants’ life quality, negatively affect their place experience, or even reduce personal health. In order to ensure positive indoor environments for occupants, a perceptual quality assessment has been introduced and extensively studied in recent years. Influenced by indoor environmental quality (IEQ), it is necessary and beneficial to explore how humans perceive and what effects indoor environments. It is necessary for designers and researchers to address these issues associated with indoor environmental quality. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to gather articles that discuss indoor environmental quality and occupant comfort. The articles in this Special Issue encompass different research categories, ranging from conceptual analyses and reviews to research papers. These studies have investigated the characterization and perception of both individual indoor environments and complex environmental interactions, along with their management and design implications. The focuses of these investigations include both theoretical aspects (such as the relationships between environmental quality and psychological or physiological reactions) and methodological aspects (such as protocols and procedures of gathering objective and subjective data).
    Keywords: state arousal level ; visual comfort ; daylight illumination ; elderly persons ; reading behavior ; acoustic comfort ; speech transmission index ; speech intelligibility ; open-plan office ; thermal comfort ; PMV-PPD ; radiant floor ; cooling ; office buildings ; fan coil ; energy consumption ; lighting design ; lighting control system ; HDRi luminance analysis ; LabVIEW ; energy saving ; thermal environment ; cold regions ; university classroom ; heating season ; color psychology ; hotel indoor environment ; emotion ; subjective evaluation ; VR experiment ; rural houses ; winter ; ventilation ; waste heat recover ; air quality ; nursery ; classrooms ; vertical temperature difference ; humidity ; CO2 ; air stuffiness index ; particle matter ; illumination ; noise level ; elderly facility ; in-between area ; EEG ; HRV ; STAI ; architectural scheme design ; general demand analysis ; Kano model ; indoor navigation ; system design ; sunlight patterns ; aperture design ; immersive virtual reality ; ECG ; sky type ; decoration style ; text analysis ; questionnaire survey ; comparative study ; China ; blind older adults ; nursing homes ; acoustic environment ; sound perception ; aural diversity ; inclusive design ; COVID-19 ; classroom colour environment ; college students’ mental health ; HAD scale ; daylight simulation ; atrium ; corelighting ; heritage retrofit ; historical building ; indoor environmental quality ; view analysis ; Nordic latitude ; historical residential buildings ; passive cooling ; hotel interior spaces ; high sound insulation ; lightweight composite structure partition ; sound transmission loss ; annual daylighting performance ; atrium design ; parametric simulation ; primary and secondary school ; IEQ preferences ; psychosocial preferences ; twostep cluster analysis ; study place ; students’ profiles ; daylighting performance ; terrace classrooms ; interior space geometry ; window geometry ; severe cold regions ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.
    Keywords: demand side management (DSM) ; energy efficiency ; energy storage ; demand response (DR) ; flexibility ; R744 transcritical booster ; subcritical booster ; cascade ; parallel compression ; ejector ; commercial/retail refrigeration ; HVAC ; pressure based control ; damper control ; static pressure reset ; CO2 reset ; demand-based control ; energy saving ; human well-being ; IAQ ; Atomic Air ; air conditioning ; chiller ; CO2 ; commercial refrigeration ; heat pump ; heat recovery ; industrial refrigeration ; R744 ; transcritical vapor-compression system ; two-phase ejector ; domestic refrigerator ; consumer habits ; energy consumption ; good practices ; surveys ; ground source heat pump ; tropical climate ; horizontal heat exchanger ; district cooling ; liquid to compressed natural gas ; thermal energy storage ; LNG ; ground source heat pumps ; low GWP refrigerants ; energy analysis ; R410A ; R32 ; R454B ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nowadays, fossil fuels are still the main source of primary energy in power generation, transport, and industry in general. Therefore, issues regarding environmental protection, and in particular, air protection, are of great importance. Hence, they have become a key part of the global policies of most developed countries. This Special Issue of Energies, entitled “NOx, PM, and CO2 Emission Reduction in Fuel Combustion Processes”, deals with various methods and reduction technologies targeting pollutant emissions, especially NOx, CO2, and particulate matter, associated with different fuel combustion processes. This topic is focused mainly on conventional hydrocarbon fuels; however, we consider biofuels as well.
    Keywords: combustion engines ; particles emissions ; chemical composition ; SEM-EDS ; FTIR ; oxy-combustion ; circulating fluidized bed ; wheat straw ; Salix viminalis ; Scots pine ; renewable energy sources ; NOx ; SO2 ; CO ; CO2 ; heavy fuel oil ; asphaltene ; swirling flame ; blend fuel ; fuel characteristics ; pollutant emissions ; biomass ; oxy-fuel combustion ; fluidized bed ; Miscanthus giganteus ; Sida hermaphrodita ; bituminous coal ; particle ; oil ; blowby ; backflow ; endgap ; ring ; gasoline ; idle ; waste sewage sludge ; particle size distribution ; alkali and heavy metals ; grate furnaces ; combustion process control ; primary air distribution ; co-combustion ; emission of gaseous pollutants ; TJI combustion ; prechamber ; methane/propane combustion ; diesel engine soot abatement ; particulate matter ; catalytic diesel particulate filter ; filter regeneration ; LTC ; RCCI ; CO2 reduction ; dual fuel ; fast FID ; fast NOx ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue, “Nanomaterials for Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion”, describes the significant and increasing role of nanomaterials in catalysis. It is believed that the most important factor for future human development could be to use nanomaterials (nanotechnology) to solve such critical issues facing humanity such as environment, water and energy. It should be also pointed out that properties of nanomaterials differ substantially from that of bulk materials of the same composition, resulting in high reactivity. Therefore, it creates new perspectives for the catalytic processes in the broad sense. This issue was mainly dedicated as a platform for the contributions from The Symposium on Nanomaterials for Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion (SNEPEC), which was held in Sapporo, Japan in winter 2018. Accordingly, this book compiles the current state-of-the-art of research in the area of novel photocatalysts and highlights current research directions in the fields of advanced oxidation technologies, material science and nanotechnology. Written by leading experts in the field of photochemistry and chemical engineering, a collection of 17 papers, including 16 research papers and one review, covers a broad range of topics focusing on the exceptional role of catalytic nanomaterials in solving environmental and energy problems of modern societies. The majority of papers present the importance of photocatalytic nanomaterials, especially for degradation of organic pollutants and inactivation of microorganisms, but there is also a strong representation of conventional catalysis, based on nanomaterials for important processes such as catalytic hydrogen production and organic synthesis.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; Pt-Au ; n/a ; photodegradation ; heterojunction ; narrow pore size distribution ; polytriazine ; ionic liquid-assisted solvothermal reaction ; alcohols ; salicylic acid ; visible light ; hydrogen production ; nanocomposites ; flue gas ; zinc chromite ; multiwalled carbon nanotubes ; methylene blue ; ceria nanowires ; oxalate ; CO2 reduction ; adsorption ; H2 evolution ; nanomaterials fabrication ; oxygen vacancy ; solar radiation ; immobilized catalyst ; low-cost ; Fe2O3 dispersion ; dyes ; RhB ; anatase ; conductive cotton filter ; reaction time ; Cu/FTO nanocomposites ; ionic liquids ; TiO2 ; photocatalysis activity ; dimethyl carbonate ; disinfection ; CO2 ; magnetic ZnO ; humic acid ; synthesis gas ; graphene ; Cu2O ; urea ; carbon nanotubes ; photocatalytic reduction ; TiOF2 ; NaOH-modified TiOF2 ; oxygen carrier ; texture modification ; network shape ; sensitization ; TiO2/Cu2O nanotubes ; photocatalysis ; XAFS ; anodization ; carbon dioxide ; removal of microbiological pollutants ; SBA-16 ; chemical looping ; BCLA ; transfer efficiency ; rectorite ; Cu nanoparticles ; polydopamine ; chemical looping reforming of methane ; C/TiO2 ; heterogeneous photocatalysis ; water purification ; titanium dioxide ; yttrium promoted oxygen carrier ; gravity feed ; Z-scheme ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue is aimed at presenting the state of the art of the multidisciplinary science concerning all aspects of volcanic plumes, of relevance to the volcanology, climatology, atmospheric science, and remote sensing communities.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; alginate ; gas diffusion method ; bubble-column scrubber ; X-ray diffraction ; phosphorylated chitin ; calcite ; calcium carbonate ; sedimentary model ; composite ; urease ; Amu Darya Basin ; sericin ; aragonite ; ammonia bicarbonate ; capture ; hydrogels ; bacterial extracellular secretion ; MICP ; carbonation ; SEM ; multi-wall carbon nanotubes ; micromechanics ; Lessonia nigrescens ; biomineralization ; Bacillus subtilis ; CO2 ; Sporosarcina pasteurii ; CaCO3 ; mass-transfer coefficient ; hierarchic structure ; main controlling factors ; carbon dioxide ; surface energy ; Callovian-Oxfordian ; contact angle ; potentiometric titration ; xanthan ; cement ; crystallization ; nacre ; reservoir ; electrocrystallization ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is based on the Special Issue of the journal Molecules on “Smart and Functional Polymers”. The collected research and review articles focus on the synthesis and characterization of advanced functional polymers, polymers with specific structures and performances, current improvements in advanced polymer-based materials for various applications, and the opportunities and challenges in the future. The topics cover the emerging synthesis and characterization technology of smart polymers, core?shell structure polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers, anhydrous electrorheological materials fabricated from conducting polymers, reversible polymerization systems, and biomedical polymers for drug delivery and disease theranostics. In summary, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest synthesis approaches, representative structures and performances, and various applications of smart and functional polymers. It will serve as a useful reference for all researchers and readers interested in polymer sciences and technologies.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; QD146-197 ; Q1-390 ; polymerization or post-polymerization modification methods ; chitosan ; diabetes therapy ; electronics ; molecular sieve ; antitumor ; chemical activation ; shape memory polymers ; chemotherapy ; poly(methacrylamide)s ; amphiphilic copolymer ; Vitamin E ; controlled polymerization ; composite ; fluoropolymers ; polymers for fabrication ; synergistic effect ; glucose sensitivity ; self-healing polymers ; emulsion polymerization ; electrorheological ; hydrogels ; polymers for water or effluent treatment ; core–shell structure ; hearing loss ; polymers for information storage ; polymers for sensing ; smart fluid ; saffron ; CO2 ; gel ; phase change ; perfluoroaryl azides ; chemical resistance ; gentamicin ; amphiphilicity ; controlled drug delivery ; paclitaxel ; nucleic acid delivery ; reversible polymerization ; polyether imidazole ionic liquid ; nanomedicine ; polymers for industrial catalysis ; polyvinyl alcohol ; tumor imaging ; endophytic exopolysaccharide ; particle processing ; and tissue engineering ; cochlear hair cell ; drug delivery ; melt-shear organization ; separation ; polyaniline ; castor oil ; polycaprolactone-diol ; pH responsive polymers ; fine-tuning ; heterogeneous catalysis ; sustainable polymers ; administration routes ; co-delivery systems ; hydrolyzable polyurea ; degradability ; and purification ; imaging ; post-polymerization functionalization ; core/shell particles ; polymer-based supramolecular chemistry ; polyamino acids ; catalyst ; cancer chemotherapy ; biomedical devices ; antidiabetic ; functional polymers used in food science ; viscoelastic ; multi-drug resistance ; stimuli-sensitive polymers ; polymeric nanoparticles ; diverse therapeutic areas ; glutaraldehyde ; renewable polymer materials used for agriculture ; solvent responsiveness ; phenylboronic acid ; Glycopolymer ; polymerization dispersion method ; functional polymers for diagnosis ; conducting polymer ; stimuli-responsive polymers ; versatile platform ; phase transition ; pH responsive ; core-shell nanoparticles ; clinical translation ; rare earth upconversion nanoparticles ; hydrophobic drug delivery ; breast cancer ; targeted drug delivery ; polyurethanes ; ?-NaYF4 ; and antimicrobial activity) ; micelle ; hydrophobicity ; polymer-based medical devices ; Staudinger reaction ; polymers with biological activity (e.g. ; albumin ; drug release ; and energy conversion ; applications ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forest ecosystems are often disturbed by agents such as harvesting, fire, wind, insects and diseases, and acid deposition, with differing intensities and frequencies. Such disturbances can markedly affect the amount, form, and stability of soil organic carbon in, and the emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2, CH4, and N2O from, forest ecosystems. It is vitally important that we improve our understanding of the impact of different disturbance regimes on forest soil carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions to guide our future research, forest management practices, and policy development. This Special Issue provides an important update on the disturbance effects on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in forest ecosystems in different climate regions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; greenhouse gas emission ; heterotrophic respiration ; Camellia oleifera ; Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr ; soil microbial residue ; assisted natural regeneration ; soil organic carbon ; soil carbon sequestration ; soil CO2 ; surface soil layer ; landform ; anthropogenic effect ; South Korea ; CO2 effluxes ; storm damage ; microbial properties ; calcareous soil ; land use pattern ; soil total nitrogen ; generation ; tree mortality ; land use types ; forest conversion ; DCD ; carbon source–sink ; stoichiometric ratios ; autotrophic respiration ; N2O ; CO2 emission ; organic carbon mineralization ; CH4 emissions ; clear-cutting ; CO2 production and diffusion ; soil quality ; nitrification inhibitor ; organic carbon accumulation ; climate change mitigation ; global change ; greenhouse gas inventory ; warming ; soil properties ; bacterial community ; sensitivity ; soil characteristics ; forest ; insect outbreak ; biochar ; nitrous oxide ; CO2 ; soil respiration ; land-use change ; decomposition ; soil ; natural forest ; calcareous soils ; greenhouse gas ; forest soils ; karst graben basin ; plantation ; rocky desertification ; fitting parameters ; temperature ; forest disturbance ; microbe ; subtropical forest ; N addition ; carbon stock changes ; IPCC ; next-generation sequencing ; nitrogen ; N2O emissions ; red soils ; CH4 ; coastal wetlands ; CO2 emissions ; stand age ; successive planting ; plum plantation ages ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book introduces the recent technologies introduced for gases capture including CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx, and H2. Various processes and theories for gas capture and removal are presented. The book provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of environmental and chemical science and engineering.
    Keywords: in situ gasification chemical looping combustion ; high-flux circulating fluidized bed ; counter-flow moving bed ; gas leakage ; coupling mechanism ; carbon capture and utilization ; biogas upgrading ; calcium carbonate precipitation ; chemical absorption ; gas pressure ; gas content ; gas basic parameters ; rapid estimation technology ; supercritical water oxidation ; high-pressure separation ; oxygen recovery ; energy recovery ; economic analysis ; coal-direct chemical looping combustion ; theoretical methodology ; high-flux ; pressure gradient ; gas mole fraction ; activity ; UNIFAC ; phase equilibrium ; threshold value ; CO2 capture ; calcium looping ; chemical sorption ; anti-attrition ; pore-former particle size ; Reaction ; kinetics ; carbon dioxide ; N-methyldiethanolamine ; L-Arginine ; stopped flow technique ; carbon capture ; CO2 sequestration ; steel-making waste ; steel slag ; H2S absorption ; amine solutions ; glycols ; desulfurization ; aqueous and non-aqueous solutions ; gas diffusion ; unipore diffusion model ; bidisperse diffusion model ; dispersive diffusion model ; refinery plants ; industrial gas streams ; petrochemical processes ; waste gases ; activated carbons ; catalytic activation ; physicochemical structure ; SO2 adsorption ; optimal conceptual design ; market prediction ; economic uncertainty ; environmental impact ; carbon dioxide separation ; Aspen Plus ; CCGT ; Taguchi ; Minitab ; optimization ; 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol ; modelling and Simulation ; post-combustion capture ; exergy analysis ; flowsheeting configurations ; nanofluids ; absorption intensification ; mass transfer coefficient ; bubble column ; global warming ; membrane contactor ; removal of NO2 and CO2 ; coke oven ; carbonaceous deposits ; spectral analysis ; mechanism ; arsenene ; doping ; first principles study ; gas adsorption ; two-dimensional ; waste polyurethane foam ; physical activation ; high selectivity ; ultra-micropore ; mechanical activation ; iron ore ; carbonation ; calcination ; recyclability ; mechanochemical reactions ; carbonation kinetics ; MXene ; gas separation ; Knudsen diffusion ; molecular sieving ; transport mechanism ; spiral nozzle ; gas absorption ; spray atomization ; droplet size ; droplet velocity ; gas emission ; capture ; CO2 ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 49(15), (2022): e2022GL099185, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl099185.
    Description: Several large strike slip faults in central and northern California accommodate plate motions through aseismic creep. Although there is no consensus regarding the underlying cause of aseismic creep, aqueous fluids and mechanically weak, velocity-strengthening minerals appear to play a central role. This study integrates field observations and thermodynamic modeling to examine possible relationships between the occurrence of serpentinite, silica-carbonate rock, and CO2-rich aqueous fluids in creeping faults of California. Our models predict that carbonation of serpentinite leads to the formation of talc and magnesite, followed by silica-carbonate rock. While abundant exposures of silica-carbonate rock indicate complete carbonation, serpentinite-hosted CO2-rich spring fluids are strongly supersaturated with talc at elevated temperatures. Hence, carbonation of serpentinite is likely ongoing in parts of the San Andres Fault system and operates in conjunction with other modes of talc formation that may further enhance the potential for aseismic creep, thereby limiting the potential for large earthquakes.
    Description: This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants NSF-EAR-1220280 to F. K. and J. L., NSF-EAR-1219908 to D. G., and NSF-OCE-2001728 to J. L.
    Keywords: Mineral carbonation ; Serpentinite ; Talc ; CO2 ; Aseismic creep ; San Andreas Fault
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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