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  • thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases  (135)
  • thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology  (101)
  • Chemistry
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • IntechOpen  (257)
  • 2020-2024  (257)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
  • 2020-2024  (257)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
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    Epilepsy During the Lifespan (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Epilepsy During the Lifespan - Beyond the Diagnosis and New Perspectives discusses the most widespread neurological pathology in the world. The book presents interesting contributions to controversial topics in epilepsy. It includes nine chapters organized into three sections: “New and Old Perspectives on Epilepsy”, “Epileptic Syndromes” and “Society and Epilepsy”.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Muscular Dystrophy (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The book provides a comprehensive overview of the different forms of muscular dystrophy (MD), including potential therapeutic interventions and the advantages associated with repurposing pharmaceuticals for treating these conditions. In addition, the book examines the effects of physical training on improving symptoms as well as patient quality of life and life span. The target audience of this book comprises students, researchers, and doctors with an interest in the field of muscular dystrophy.
    Keywords: muscle strength ; stem cells ; cell therapy ; physiotherapy ; astrocyte ; cell proliferation ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Recent Advances in Bacterial Biofilm Studies (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Bacterial biofilm is a complex structure with diverse bacterial cells in a highly organized and ordered group within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances they produce. Microbes attach to surfaces to develop biofilms, a sophisticated process regulated by factors such as nutritional status and biotic/abiotic surface features. An established biofilm structure mainly comprises bacterial cells, proteins, nucleic acid, and exo-polysaccharides that are extracellular macromolecules excreted as tightly bound layers in microbes, providing a perfect niche for bacteria to exchange genetic material between cells. In addition, bacterial cells in the matrix also communicate via quorum sensing, which greatly impacts biofilm processes. Under clinical circumstances, bacterial biofilm shows great resistance to antibiotics, disinfectants, and body defense systems, making it difficult for clinicians to eradicate and facilitate many infectious disease processes, leading to chronic infections of patients with long-term hospitalization and high mortality rates. Therefore, it is very important to understand the recent advances in forming, regulating, and eradicating biofilms in human infections to better prevent, control, and treat biofilm infections in humans. Written by an international team of basic and clinical researchers, the chapters of this book provide novel insights and advanced knowledge for life science researchers, clinical researchers, doctors, and other interested readers on some of the latest developments in biofilms.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Ataxia (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book presents a comprehensive overview of ataxia, a common neurological disorder that affects all ages. It can manifest in children when they start to sit and walk and under a specific form of genetic disease and in the elderly through falls that worsen with age. In general, ataxia consists of the involuntary lack of coordination of muscle movements, which mainly presents as abnormalities in gait, changes in speech (e. g., scanning speech), and abnormal eye movements such as nystagmus. It results from dysfunction of the nervous system areas responsible for the coordination of movements and, most commonly, the cerebellum and its connections to the cerebrum and periphery. The book is organized into three sections and six chapters that address such topics as genetic conditions, childhood-onset ataxia, ataxia and multiple sclerosis, therapeutic interventions, and more.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of Human and Animal Viral Infections (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of Human and Animal Viral Infections provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent discoveries in the field of antiviral research. It covers topics like viral replication, immunological reactions, medication discovery, vaccine development, and clinical applications. It also provides a summary of the difficulties and possibilities in battling viral infections that affect both humans and animals. Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of Human and Animal Viral Infections is a useful resource for researchers, doctors, veterinarians, and students who are interested in the prevention and treatment of viral infections
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Stroke (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Adequate stroke care access not only requires the availability of comprehensive healthcare facilities but also needs affordability and knowledge of the availability of these services. Presentations of stroke syndromes depend on their location, size, and underlying comorbidities. These lesions can have clinical features of increased intracranial pressure, focal neurological deficits, or seizures (generalized or partial) with rapid progression. This book presents high-quality research work on recent advances in the management of stroke.
    Keywords: rehabilitation ; eeg ; endothelial dysfunction ; headache ; spasticity ; neurofeedback ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Bacterial Infectious Diseases Annual Volume 2023 (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Despite the development of numerous antimicrobial agents, the successful eradication of bacterial infections remains a challenge, and bacteria continue to pose a major public health threat. It is estimated that, due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, infectious diseases will become a leading cause of death by 2050. The current annual focus is on the challenges and advantages in the prevention and diagnosis of infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens. The book also includes a dedicated chapter on the diagnosis of tuberculosis, one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide. Additionally, readers will find chapters describing achievements in the diagnosis and detection of common gastrointestinal tract pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni, authored by experts in their fields.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Taeniasis and Cycticercosis/Neurocysticercosis (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Taeniasis and Cysticercosis/Neurocysticercosis - Global Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management is a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of these two closely related parasitic diseases. The book covers all aspects of taeniasis and cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis, from epidemiology and pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment. It also includes specific topics on the two Taenia species that infect humans, T. solium and T. saginata, and a third species, T. asiatica. This book is an essential resource for anyone wanting to learn more about taeniasis and cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis and how to prevent and control these diseases. It is written by leading experts in the field and includes the latest advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control. This volume is a useful resource for a wide audience, including researchers, clinicians, public health professionals, and students.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Frontiers in Hydrocephalus (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book represents the collective expertise and dedication of numerous scholars and professionals from around the globe who share a keen interest in hydrocephalus. As a specialized text, it delves into the most advanced concepts and technological developments in the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. This book offers an extensive introduction to the history of hydrocephalus treatment, the current state of therapeutic approaches, diverse treatment methods, common complications associated with hydrocephalus, and the diagnosis and treatment of several rare forms of the condition. While the book consolidates traditional viewpoints, it places even greater emphasis on presenting the most recent diagnostic and treatment concepts in hydrocephalus. The innovative inductive summaries of certain rare or unique types of hydrocephalus are particularly noteworthy. This comprehensive approach allows readers to gain a more profound and well-rounded understanding of the evolution and future trajectory of hydrocephalus. Catering to a diverse audience, this book is not only appropriate for junior neurosurgeons seeking a foundational understanding of hydrocephalus but also serves to satisfy the more in-depth inquiries of experienced senior neurosurgeons exploring the subject matter.
    Keywords: tuberculosis ; biomechanics ; ascites ; meningitis ; intracranial pressure ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Parkinson’s Disease (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Despite being described about 200 years ago, the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not well understood due to its complex etiology and heterogeneity of symptoms and progression. Animal models provide a great opportunity to follow the progression of neurodegeneration and to screen potent therapeutic molecules, knowledge of which can be critical for different levels of clinical trials. Contemporary health technologies are coming in handy to accelerate the pace of developing novel and refined therapeutic strategies for PD. This book, Parkinson’s Disease - Animal Models, Current Therapies and Clinical Trials, provides a comprehensive overview of PD, presenting information on animal models of PD and contemporary therapeutic strategies, health technologies, clinical trials, and their influence on the quality of life of patients with PD.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Multiple Sclerosis (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong neurological condition that has no known cure. This book provides an extensive exploration of current and future directions for understanding immunology, neuroscience, and the development of potent treatment modalities. It presents an in-depth analysis and expert commentary on the role of genetics, lifestyle factors, biomarkers, neuroimaging, cognitive domains, artificial intelligence, and innate immunity in MS pathogenesis. We hope that the book is helpful to readers of all spheres of life, including those who want to understand more about MS, those who are keen to improve their understanding of MS disease pathogenesis, those who are enthusiastic to know more about treatment modalities, and those who want to be informed about state-of-the-art clinical developments in MS.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Advances in Cerebral Aneurysm Treatment (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: As diagnostic and functional neuroimaging advances, the choice of the best patient-tailored treatment for cerebral aneurysm becomes far more difficult. New technologies that can help identify the most suitable therapy include machine learning algorithms to process big data, robotic applications for interventional procedures, and dynamic vascular flow models. Different biological and epidemiological parameters have been delineated as prognostic factors that add a fundamental piece of information to the decision of whether to proceed with surgery, endovascular treatment, or a combination of both. With technical improvement and prolonged patient life expectancy, recurrent cerebral aneurysm is becoming more common. To deal with the complex issue of aneurysm re-intervention, a clear definition of the clinical and radiological outcomes is essential. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the currently emerging innovations in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, from their pre-operative holistic assessment to long-term follow-up, focusing on the opportunities provided by the newest technologies.
    Keywords: machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; neuroinflammation ; neurosurgery ; ischemic stroke ; subarachnoid hemorrhage ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex – Interaction and Dynamics in Health and Disease discusses several important issues of cerebro-cerebellar collaboration and interactions. The morphological and functional study of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and their interaction has considerable value for interpreting the clinical phenomenology of cortical degenerations in the initial stage of the disease. In addition, the analysis of cerebro-cerebellar interactions strongly supports the concept of the close functional unity and harmonization of the brain and the cerebellum, underlining the important role that the cerebellar cortex plays in the performance of higher mental faculties, creativity, emotional processes, and homeostatic equilibrium of the human body.
    Keywords: alzheimer’s disease, mitochondria, stroke, neurodegeneration, neuroplasticity, cerebellum ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Mineralogy (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mineralogy includes thirteen chapters that discuss the methodology of specific mineralogical methods, the composition of minerals from different igneous rocks, and the composition of minerals from different sedimentary rocks.It contains detailed mineralogical studies from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Chapters present different scientific mineralogical methods and detailed descriptions of minerals from different magmatic and sedimentary rocks.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNV Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Benzimidazole (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Benzimidazole is a comprehensive survey of the known and new methods of benzimidazole synthesis, the spectral and theoretical aspects of existing benzimidazole derivatives, and the anticancer properties of a new class of benzimidazole derivatives. This book examines aspects and newer mechanisms of benzimidazoles containing heterocyclic moiety. Chapters report on anticancer properties of benzimidazole derivatives, novel methods of synthesis of benzimidazoles, versatile nature of the benzimidazoles, spectral and theoretical studies of benzimidazole derivatives, and medicinal importance and pharmacological aspects of benzimidazole derivatives.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Insights Into Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus is a coccus, gram-positive, non-spore forming, and non-motile bacterium. Its commensal and opportunistic capabilities make it able to colonize different sites of animals and humans. Resistance to antibiotics has resulted in development of new strains and new types within strains. Types of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) include hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA), community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA), and livestock-acquired MRSA (LA-MRSA). There are also new strains like vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). Expansion in resistance is expected to give rise to newer strains resistant to antibiotics such as macrolide (erm gene), tetracycline (tet genes), mupirocin (mupR), and fusidic acid (fusD). Alternative approaches like nanoparticles, bacteriophages, phytochemicals, and more are required to tackle this pathogen. This book contains information on epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, and alternative ways to curtail S. aureus infection, as well as future research opportunities.
    Keywords: mrsa, s. aureus, environment, cytokines, bacteria, pathogenesis ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Histoplasmosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The true incidence of histoplasmosis remains difficult to ascertain due to the lack of mandatory notification of the disease, resulting in an underestimation of its actual burden. Given the high mortality rate, especially for disseminated forms in immunocompromised patients, we must remain vigilant against fungal disease. This book, born out of a deep desire to expand our knowledge of this fungal disease and update the latest findings, is intended to assist clinicians in recognizing and effectively managing histoplasmosis, especially those who live outside endemic areas and are less familiar with this pathology. With the latest insights into epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches for both immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients, this comprehensive volume provides infectious disease specialists, pulmonologists, and laboratory physicians with the tools they need to optimize the management of histoplasmosis.
    Keywords: histoplasma capsulatum, drug delivery, hiv, nanotechnology, liposomes, immunosuppression ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Fungal Infection (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book aims to provide readers with some of the current trends in mycology. Its chapters include discussions on the major invasive fungal diseases, host-pathogen interactions, relationships between fungal growth and the environment, the use of fungal species to control soil parasites, and the antifungal properties of thiosulfonates. The information herein covers topics in mycological research and will be of interest to students and researchers in all biological sciences.
    Keywords: surgery, pathogenesis, water, fungi, microbiota, soil ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Advances in Treatment of Hepatitis C and B (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: As in many areas of medicine, treatment of viral hepatitis has seen an acceleration of change driven by new therapies and evolving technology. Thanks to the direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), the era of HCV eradication and cure has begun. As regards to hepatitis B therapy, potent antiviral drugs for suppression of viral replication are available, new research activities to enhance eradication are visible, and these may influence clinical practice in the coming years. This book covers the latest advances in hepatitis C and hepatitis B therapeutics as well as the emerging and investigational treatment strategies. "Advances in Treatment of Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B" book is an up-to-date source of information for physicians, residents, and advanced medical students seeking a broader understanding of treatment of viral hepatitis. The authors of the chapters come from many eminent centers around the world and are experts in their respective fields.
    Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis b virus, direct-acting antivirals, hepatitis b, antivirals ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Green Chemistry (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Green Chemistry - New Perspectives is at the frontiers of this continuously evolving interdisciplinary science, and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. The book covers all aspects of green chemistry, including chemical synthesis, nano synthesis, eco-friendly processes, biomass, extraction techniques, environmental remediation, and energy, making it a unique reference resource. This will continue to encourage scientists around the world to develop novel synthetic methods or improve the existing ones to circumvent some of the problems and favours all aspects of green chemistry. This book is intended for academia, professionals, scientists, as well as graduate and undergraduate students without any geographical limitations.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Paraplegia (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In the last decade, diverse research areas have developed novel approaches to overcome dysfunctions after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Even though motor restoration attracts the most clinical attention, sensory, autonomic, and mental health are also aspects fundamental to improving the quality of life of SCI patients. Over four sections of therapeutic, rehabilitation, and technological approaches, this book examines preclinical and clinical studies using mesenchymal stem cells and pharmacological or electrical stimulation strategies. Chapters also address the impact of paraplegia and associated loss of autonomic functions, including bowel and sexual dysfunction, as well as the convergence of new technologies aimed at providing postural support and enhancing mobility.
    Keywords: rehabilitation, stem cell therapy, spinal cord injury, exoskeleton, biomaterials, gut microbiota ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Update on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book contains selected peer-reviewed chapters which cover updated information on ALS written by international researchers. Update on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is comprised of 13 chapters from some of the world's top central nervous system researchers and neurologists to provide a timely review of the most recent developments in ALS, covering historic aspects, experimental animal models, genetics, pathogenesis, clinical aspects and imagenology among others. Contributors from Belgium, France, Japan, India, Italy, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, and Switzerland have collaborated enthusiastically and efficiently, dedicating their time to create this reader-friendly yet comprehensive work which includes many explanatory figures, tables and photos to enhance legibility and make the book clinically useful. We are looking forward with confidence and pride in the remarkable role that this book will play for a new vision and mission.
    Keywords: als, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als), oxidative stress, biomarkers, alzheimer’s disease, neurodegeneration ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Current State of the Art in Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book provides updated information to scientists and clinicians on taeniosis/cysticercosis, a parasitic infection caused by eating undercooked beef or pork that is a serious health and veterinary problem in many developing countries. It discusses incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, immunology, symptoms, rare manifestations, and advances in treatment including vaccination and novel drug therapies.
    Keywords: biomarkers, mirnas, immunosuppression, parasites, inhibitor, genome ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Frontiers In Traumatic Brain Injury (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest incidence of all common neurological dysfunctions and is a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases. TBI is a major public health burden and the care of TBI patients is difficult. This book provides a comprehensive overview of TBI, addressing progress and needs in research as well as challenges in treatment. Chapters address such topics as emergency room airway management in TBI, craniocerebral injury in pediatric patients, traumatic optic neuropathy, and more.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Epileptology (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Epilepsy seems to represent one of the most frequent neurological diseases and occurs in about 1% of the general population. Although epilepsy is known since antiquity, the precise data on its pathogenesis and effective treatment are still collected and nowadays represents an interest for neurologists and psychiatrists. Being a neurological disease, epilepsy is characterized by a broad palette of comorbid psychiatric disorders (affective and anxiety disorders, psychoses) that reduce the quality of life. Moreover, the risk of suicidal attempts in persons with epilepsy is much higher than in general population that once again increases the actuality of epilepsy research in many aspects. The book contains 13 chapters written by different authors from all over the world on different topics, including phenomenology, pathogenesis, and treatment in epilepsy. The modern data on these topics may be helpful for many specialists in the domain of epileptology.
    Keywords: epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, toxicity, genetics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Alzheimer's Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This Edited Volume Alzheimer’s Disease is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert in the field, working on Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with cutting-edge technology. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors in this research area, and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Malaria (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children in Africa and selected regions of Asia and Southern America are especially widely affected. Written by expert research teams, this book describes different aspects of the epidemiology, pathobiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of malaria. Chapters highlight current research as well as the gold standards for diagnosis and treatment of the disease, examining recent advances, remaining pitfalls, and novel ideas about prophylaxis and therapy.
    Keywords: plasmodium falciparum ; oxidative stress ; pathogenesis ; mortality ; antioxidant activity ; pcr ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Staphylococcal Infections (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The study of staphylococci has a long way to go, due to the great significance both for humans and for dairy or companion animals of their large number of virulence factors. Their resistance to antibiotics makes these microorganisms become highly pathogenic species that can cause infections ranging from mild to fatal. Staphylococci, especially S. aureus and strains resistant to methicillin (MRSA), are among the most studied microorganisms worldwide. This book covers recent advances in the study of staphylococci. The book is divided into four sections that cover four important events for the study and combat of staphylococci: colonization, epidemiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, and new treatments. Staphylococci can present a broad spectrum of resistance to antibiotics, which is why their elimination has become difficult. The final section of the book is devoted to new compounds for the fight against staphylococci. We hope that the information contained in this book will be useful for the study and investigation of these medically important microorganisms.
    Keywords: biofilm ; antibiotic resistance ; staphylococcus aureus ; mrsa ; nanoparticles ; medicinal plants ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Analytical Liquid Chromatography (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book consists of several selected chapters on important subjects in modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The content addresses aspects related to both improvements in the mainstream HPLC/UPLC technology and utilization, as well as developments of exploratory new materials and equipment. The book presents useful details about the presented subjects as well as describes new applications and/or relevant case studies for each subject. It is addressed to a large audience of analytical chemists involved in separation science. Each chapter is authored by scientists with considerable field and academic experience.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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    Salmonella (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: More than 2,500 serotypes of Salmonella exist. However, only some of these serotypes have been frequently associated with food-borne illnesses. Salmonella is the second most dominant bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. Often, most people who suffer from Salmonella infections have temporary gastroenteritis, which usually does not require treatment. However, when infection becomes invasive, antimicrobial treatment is mandatory. Symptoms generally occur 8 to 72 hours after ingestion of the pathogen and can last 3 to 5 days. Children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are the most susceptible to salmonellosis infections. The annual economic cost due to food-borne Salmonella infections in the United States alone is estimated at $2.4 billion, with an estimated 1.4 million cases of salmonellosis and more than 500 deaths annually. This book contains nineteen chapters which cover a range of different topics, such as the role of foods in Salmonella infections, food-borne outbreaks caused by Salmonella, biofilm formation, antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella isolates, methods for controlling Salmonella in food, and Salmonella isolation and identification methods.
    Keywords: Infectious & contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Recent Advances in Chemical Kinetics (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Recent Advances in Chemical Kinetics provides a comprehensive overview of several types of chemical reactions. It includes six chapters that discuss solvent catalysis, customized flow reactors, p-conjugation in kinetics, kinetics of autoxidation, molecular chameleon for cations and anions, and internal clocks of atoms.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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    Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: It is vital to understand ticks and tick-borne pathogens as well as their impact on humans. This book is intended for students in parasitology, biologists, parasitologists involved in molecular diagnostics of tick-borne diseases, practicing veterinarians, and for others who may require information on ticks and tick-borne diseases. Here we have put together a collection of chapters focused on different aspects of ticks and tick-borne diseases mainly to provide the reader with novel information in the field, but not the basic generalised information provided by many textbooks. This book includes topics such as high-throughput technologies in diagnosis, discovery of novel tick vaccines, identification of new pathogens transmitted by ticks, and new epidemiological information of certain well-known ticks and tick-borne diseases. These chapters were authored by parasitologists from all over the world, giving an insight to the reader about significant ticks and tick-borne diseases prevalent in those particular geographical regions with the local expert's point of view. Each of the chapters has separate reference lists, making it easier for the reader to find additional reading material related to their topic of interest.
    Keywords: cattle, epidemiology, microbiota, bioinformatics, poultry, transmission ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Advances in HIV and AIDS Control (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The HIV epidemic has had a significant and profound impact on the world and health resources. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the risks and drivers of the epidemic. Antiretroviral drugs have relieved human suffering and prolonged life. However, access to quality management needs to scale up and be made universal. This book discusses critical issues related to the treatment of HIV infection and related co-infections and challenges in adherence and discordancy. New vaccine approaches discussed may provide the ultimate solution for eradication. Sharing knowledge from various experts in medical and basic sciences improves the quality of care for this persistent global threat. This book discusses emerging advances in HIV-AIDS management to support strategies for control and elimination.
    Keywords: inflammation, heart failure, mitochondria, aging, cardiovascular disease, innate immunity ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Infections and Sepsis Development (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Infection is a common clinical condition that may cause local inflammation but, in some cases, can lead to systemic inflammation, with sepsis and organ dysfunction. Septic shock is a condition of inadequate tissue perfusion and cellular use of oxygen due to the cytotoxic action of bacterial toxins. There is no relationship between the pathological characteristics and the severity of the primary septic outbreak and the development of septic shock, and the time that elapses until the start of the shock is not predictable. Thus, knowledge of the pathophysiology of septic shock is fundamental for treatment. This book presents a comprehensive overview of infectious agents and their therapeutic control, pathological conditions with infective etiology such as diabetic foot osteomyelitis and infections in neurosurgery, and the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of sepsis.
    Keywords: inflammation, critical care, septic shock, oxidative stress, machine learning, immunotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Astrocyte (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: A team of authors from prestigious academic schools contributed to draw up a project that would give a detailed account of astrocyte's morphology and physiology, examining thoroughly all the astrocyte's types; giving an accurate description of their morphology, location, function in the brain; and illustrating their physiology and pathology in terms of dealing with neurons through "gliotransmitters," ionic channels, and membrane receptors expression. This book gives an overview of the crucial role of astrocytes in the physiology of the CNS and in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders suggesting that the shift from a neurocentric view to one that incorporates astrocytes in disease models for drug discovery is a critical step in renewing drug development strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
    Keywords: neurodegeneration, astrocytes, signal transduction, astrogliosis, cancer, alzheimer’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Norovirus (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book provides an overview of norovirus, a viral infection that adversely affects the gastrointestinal system. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment available for this illness. As such, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified norovirus as a priority disease for vaccine development. Chapters in this edited volume cover such topics as examination methods and genome mechanisms of norovirus, and clinical and pharmaceutical developments in managing this illness.
    Keywords: optimization, vaccine, genetic diversity, immunity, elisa, standardization ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Meningoencephalitis (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Meningoencephalitis remains a major global threat, despite the prevention, diagnosis, and antibiotic therapy that have been improved considerably in the last years. In this thematic issue, the scientists present their results of accomplished studies, in order to provide several guidelines regarding the strategies of diagnosis and treatment of patients with meningoencephalitis, by adding valuable data and thus helping public health decision.
    Keywords: meningitis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, vaccination, clinical manifestations ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Current Topics in Malaria (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Malaria is still the main vector-borne parasitic disease in the world. Fortunately, elimination of this disease was achieved in multiple countries during the last decades. During the last decade, a significant reduction of malaria in the Americas was achieved. Nevertheless, many challenges still are ahead in order to reach a higher control and to continue in the elimination toward a world free of malaria in the next decades. This book tries to update the significant epidemiological and clinical research in many aspects with a multinational perspective. This book with 20 chapters is organized into 5 major sections: (I) Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects, (II) Basic Science, (III) Therapeutics and Antimalarials, (IV) Vaccines, and (V) Entomology and Vector Control.
    Keywords: vaccine, immune response, plasmodium falciparum, inflammation, environment, pregnancy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Seizures (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book contains selected peer-reviewed articles that cover novel information on epileptic seizure and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures written by international researchers. In this book, we discuss self-reporting technologies for supporting epilepsy treatment. We also discuss about the diagnostic testing in epilepsy genetic clinical practice. Clinical aspects related to diagnosis in patients presenting psychogenic non-epileptic seizures vs. epileptic seizures and neurocysticercosis are discussed as well. We delivered novel aspects about the treatment for pseudoseizures. In another chapter, the authors estimated the prevalence of ischemic stroke in epileptic patients presenting subarachnoid neurocysticercosis and ischemic stroke frequency among HIV-positive patients, and finally other authors discuss autoimmune epilepsy, its new development, and its future directions. We are looking forward with confidence and pride to the remarkable role that this book will play for a new vision and mission.
    Keywords: epilepsy, epidemiology, immunotherapy, stroke, hiv, algorithm ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Human Helminthiasis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Human helminthiasis, known as worm infections, is any macroparasitic disease affecting humans, in which a part of the body is invaded by a lot of worms, known as helminths. They are broadly classified into flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis are the most important, being included into the neglected tropical diseases. Helminthiasis has been found to result in poor birth outcome, less cognitive development, lower school and work performance, lower socioeconomic development, and poverty. Soil-transmitted helminthiases are responsible for parasitic infections in as much as a quarter of the human population worldwide. This group of infective diseases has been targeted under the joint action of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies and local governments, trying to achieve their eradication.
    Keywords: helminths, epidemiology, infection, chemotherapy, mass spectrometry, wastewater ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Current Perspectives on Less-known Aspects of Headache (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Headache, as a main neurological problem in everyday life, still takes place as a contributor on top of the list of many partially solved neurological conditions. Not only primary headaches but secondary headaches are still clinical concerns of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy. This book is quite different from classical headache books. First of all, it does not contain the classical schema of a classical headache textbook. Most of the chapters composing this book contain many answers for many unanswered questions about headache in general, for example, "Is headache a genetic condition?", "What do smartphones do to our brains? Do they cause headaches?", and "Does botulinum toxin really improve chronic migraine?". We hope this book will be an interesting read and perhaps a guide in some new aspects of headache and help understand "some interesting headache issues" while stressing some of the less known mentioned above.
    Keywords: migraine, epigenetic, minimally invasive surgery, acupuncture, heart rate variability, smartphone ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Redox Chemistry (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Redox reactions are involved in biochemistry, energy, corrosion, and much more. In both biology and electrochemistry, the redox reaction is complex and varied. For example, redox shuttles in supercapacitors show aspects of molecular electrochemistry applied to electrode porosity. In pseudocapacitors, the formalism associated with their electrochemical response requires investigation and formalism. Similarly, the simple definition of redox potential opens fundamental questions about its measurement in solutions without supporting salts. This book illustrates the variety of redox reactions in its examination of the importance of redox molecules in the development of new electrical energy storage devices.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRH Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry
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    Spinal Cord Injury (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Spinal cord injury is a severe scenario that may be caused by traumatic and non-traumatic vertebral or neurological disorders. Neurological impairment, chronic pain, and reduced quality of life may affect patients suffering from spinal cord injury, the onset of which may arise in an acute or chronic manner. Spinal surgeons, anesthetists, neuro-intensivists, neurologists, physiotherapists, rehabilitation medicine doctors, radiologists, neurophysiologists, and carers are all involved in the management of these patients. The chapters in this book combine a useful summary of this topic for non-expert readers with an in-depth study of medical and non-medical experts in the field.
    Keywords: apoptosis ; chronic pain ; mediterranean diet ; neuropathic pain ; neuroregeneration ; omega-3 fatty acids ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Phase Equilibria With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: We are living in a critical time, both for humanity and the planet, which has led us to look for more sustainable formulas to interact with the environment. One of the important changes in the design and operation of chemical processes is the search for environmentally friendly technologies. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been revealed as a promising environmentally friendly solvent that is energy efficient, selective and capable of reducing waste, making it a promising alternative to conventional organic solvents. However, reliable and versatile mathematical models of phase equilibrium thermodynamics are needed for the use of supercritical carbon dioxide in process design and viability studies. This book reviews experimental procedures for obtaining high-pressure phase equilibria data and describes the phase diagrams of binary mixtures and some thermodynamic models capable of determining the conditions of phase equilibria at high pressures. These concepts are applied to the components of the transesterification reaction of rac-2-pentanol with a vinyl ester, which is important in the pharmaceutical industry because (S)-2-pentanol can be obtained as a reaction product. This product is a key intermediate in the synthesis of drugs against Alzheimer’s disease.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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    Neurophysiology (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book discusses timely topics in the field of neurophysiology ranging from descriptions of nerve cells and glial cells to neural networks, sensory processing, neuroplasticity, neuropathophysiology, and human behavior. As such, all organizational levels of the nervous system are considered in one or more of the book’s twelve chapters. The chapters review or present novel findings and provide the reader with an overview of the current state of the art of neurophysiology research. They discuss research advances in different brain regions and experimental models. In addition, the book contributes to the training of current and future neuroscientists and, hopefully, will lead us on the path to curing some of the biggest challenges in human health.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Dengue Fever in a One Health Perspective (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Dengue Fever in a One Health Perspective - Latest Research and Recent Advances presents studies on dengue fever (DF) and dengue virus (DENV) that discuss eco-epidemiology, physiopathology, and new biotechnological tools to fight against this important disease in the context of the World Health Organization’s One Health strategy. The book is organized into five sections: “Epidemiological Aspects”, “Environmental Aspects”, “Pathogenicity”, “Diagnosis and Treatment” and “Management Strategies”. The chapters address topics such as DF prevalence and management in a Chinese county, the risk of DF in American children younger than 15 years, the silent transmission of DENV by asymptomatic individuals, the use of X-ray and ultrasound to identify severe DF cases, gene-silencing techniques to investigate biological aspects of DF, viral genomic surveillance to promote early intervention in DF epidemics, and much more.
    Keywords: dengue virus ; epidemiology ; epilepsy ; genetic engineering ; community ; crispr ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Chlamydia (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Chlamydia infections continue to pose a serious socioeconomic burden globally. Despite advances in diagnostic tests in recent decades, chlamydial infections still cannot be controlled, neither in developed countries nor in developing countries. Chlamydial infections date back to the beginning of recorded human history. Trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which progresses to blindness, is mentioned in ancient Chinese inscriptions and Egyptian scrolls. Today, we must better apply our knowledge against this clever and evolving obligate intracellular parasitic microorganism. Chlamydia - Secret Enemy from Past to Present examines chlamydial infections using a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. It discusses the microbiology, clinical presentation, and current approaches in the diagnosis and treatment management of chlamydial infection from the viewpoint of different clinics as well as includes relevant and recent literature.
    Keywords: atherosclerosis ; stroke ; chlamydia trachomatis ; virulence factors ; sexually transmitted diseases ; inflammation ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Covalent Organic Frameworks (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent decades, artificial porous structures have attracted increasing enthusiasm from researchers inspired by the fascinating molecular pores in nature and their unique biological functions. Although substantial achievements in porous materials have been realized, the construction of topologically designed pores is still challenging. Recently, the emergence of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are constructed based on organic and polymer chemistry, has made it possible to design artificial pores with controlled pore size, topology and interface properties. COFs are crystalline porous materials constructed by the precise reticulation of organic building blocks via dynamic covalent bonds. Distinct from non-covalent interactions which tend to produce isostructures, covalent bonds enable accurate pore design owing to their predetermined reaction pathways. In addition, the appropriate polycondensation of organic building units enables the formation of extended two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) polymer architectures with periodically ordered skeletons and well-defined pores. With their large surface area, tailorable structures, and tunable chemistry, COFs are regarded as potentially superior candidates for various applications including catalysis, energy storage and conversion, mass transport and biotechnology. This book examines the historic achievement of COFs, providing clear and comprehensive guidance for researchers on their structural design, synthetic protocols and functional exploration.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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    Advancement and New Understanding in Brain Injury (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book covers the latest developments in the understanding and treatment of traumatic brain injury. Various world experts authored the chapters that comprise a wealth of updated information on intracranial pressure; monitoring and diagnostic methods; neuroinflammatory responses in traumatic brain injury; cerebral palsy and Covid-19–related brain disorder; pathogenesis and prevention of fetal, neonatal, infant, and child brain injury; hyperbaric oxygenation treatment; the engineering and modeling of head injury; systematic review on early-tracheostomy; intracranial aneurysm in tuberous sclerosis complex; and the neurobehavioral and cognitive aspects of brain injury. With these complex topics, every clinician, scientist, and researcher will find this book invaluable in understanding the latest improvements and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury.
    Keywords: inflammation, traumatic brain injury, cytokines, hypoxia, ultrasound, cerebral palsy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Fluoride (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Fluoride covers a continuum of topics that are frequently studied in the broad area of fluoride (F) research. It provides an overview of the primary sources of environmental fluoride in typical high-fluoride environments and demonstrates the transitions and transformations that emerge and culminate in hydro-geochemical interactions that result in fluoride-fouling of large portions of the world’s water and agricultural resources. This way, the book pinpoints the connection between F enrichment of water sources and the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in certain areas of the world. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the global fluoride problem, new fluoride detection and quantification technologies are proposed with an in-depth analysis of emerging trends in the use of portable user-friendly devices in point-of-use measurements of water fluoride. This has been presented against the backdrop of a robust overview of traditional fluoride quantification methodologies that are still in wide application among the scientific communities. In addressing fluoride toxicities, which are not limited to dental and skeletal dilapidations, the authors have explored the role of natural antioxidants in ameliorating physiological fluoride-induced noxious effects in mammalian systems. Nonetheless, since community dependence on high-fluoride water due to a lack of alternative clean water sources remains to be the principal pathway of human fluoride over-exposure, a review chapter on F mitigation techniques applied all over the world is incorporated aiming at providing a succinct overview of water defluoridation techniques and strategies being used to combat the impacts of human F overexposure around the globe. Since every cloud has a silvery lining, the possibility of using ammonium fluorides as a novel reagent in mineral processing has been considered convenient industrial fluorinating agents, which present the possibility of complete regeneration that is not afforded by the reagents presently used in decomposing silicon component of the ores.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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    Exploring Chemistry with Pyridine Derivatives (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book discusses the chemistry and applications of pyridine derivatives. The library of pyridine derivatives is growing steadily with numerous synthetic analogues already described and the identification of new, naturally occurring pyridine-based compounds. The book includes ten chapters organized into two parts. The first part focuses on the numerous types of reactions that arise from pyridine derivatives. The second part examines the pharmaceutical applications of pyridine derivatives as well as their usefulness as sensors for metal cations and extracting agents for platinum group metals.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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    Dosimetry (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book discusses multiple issues associated with modern dosimetry in physics and treatment planning and how investigators from diverse world centers and institutions approach problem-solving in these important areas. It examines topics including pretreatment validation and factors affecting reference dosimetry. It also addresses unique issues affecting pediatric populations as well as the modern role of thermoluminescence validation. Several chapters discuss intensity modulation, including defining modern problems associated with both treatment planning and the definition of tumor and normal tissue contours. Furthermore, the book examines the role of imaging as both a vehicle to define tumor targets and normal tissue as well as a tool for dose validation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRL Nuclear chemistry, photochemistry and radiation
    Language: English
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    Caregiving and Home Care (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The management of chronic diseases is one of the tasks of all members of the health team, and different models need to be applied in the practice of chronic care management. One of these models is home care services. There are two main sections in this book. In the first part of the section, the concept of caregiving and care at home is explained. In the second part, the responsibilities of caregivers at home and the responsibilities of caregivers of people who have health problems that occur during different periods of life are discussed. In the second section, the problems of caregivers are also included. I would like to think that what is quoted in this book, which contains examples from different cultures of the world for home care approaches, will contribute to the development of home care services. This book is presented to all health professionals working in the field of health services as well as health politics professionals and students trained in these areas.
    Keywords: poverty, caregivers, breast cancer, quality of life, dementia, hiv ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Prion (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Protein aggregation causes malfunction in several biochemical processes. Genetic and spontaneous formations of these transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal to humans and animals. Conformational change of normal form of the protein to misfolded form causes its accumulation. The misfolded infectious protein agent forms the pathogenesis of the disease. This book presents pathology of the disease along with current knowledge of the structure-activity mechanism in the first two sections. Dyshomeostasis of metals is implicated in the pathogenesis of prions, and this influence is discussed further to understand the prion mechanism. Genetic resistance and immunobiology of the disease are elaborated in the following section. Finally, a computational study on the dynamics of the prion propagation provides a structural basis of the mechanism.
    Keywords: Infectious & contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Epilepsy (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: According to the World Health Organization, nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries and could live seizure-free if properly diagnosed and treated. Among the structural and genetic triggers that may lead to epilepsy are head trauma, abnormal synaptic connectivity, receptor subunits anomalies, and atypical ionic channel function. Developing brains are specifically susceptible to seizures for many reasons, for example, the presence of enhanced excitation due to the early production of excitatory neurotransmitters, and the fact that the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA causes excitation early in life. These studies help to clarify why the very young brain is exceptionally prone to seizures. The chapters presented in this book describe how structural, genetic, infectious, and metabolic abnormalities can lead to epileptogenesis. Nevertheless, many underlying disease mechanisms that can lead to epilepsy remain unknown.
    Keywords: neuroinflammation ; apoptosis ; parasites ; microglia ; meg ; leukoencephalopathy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Helicobacter pylori (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Helicobacter pylori is a universally distributed bacterium that affects more than half of the world population. H. pylori infection causes persistent inflammation with different clinical outcomes in humans, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The infection has also been associated with several extradigestive disorders. In this book, there is a comprehensive overview of contributors on H. pylori infection in diverse areas, including virulence factors of H. pylori and their importance for the clinical outcome of the diseases, discussions about the principal therapeutic regimens of bacterium eradication, also considering the antimicrobial resistance. H. pylori is clearly a very interesting bacterium and studies and discussions about its aspects are welcome to the medical and scientific communities.
    Keywords: cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, exosomes, antibiotic resistance, endothelial dysfunction, gastric cancer ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Desalination (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book comprises 14 chapters covering all the issues related to water desalination. These chapters emphasize the relationship between problems encountered with the use of feed water, the processes developed to address them, the operation of the required plants and solutions actually implemented. This compendium will assist designers, engineers and investigators to select the process and plant configuration that are most appropriate for the particular feed water to be used, for the geographic region considered, as well as for the characteristics required of the treated water produced. This survey offers a comprehensive, hierarchical and logical assessment of the entire desalination industry. It starts with the worldwide scarcity of water and energy, continues with the thermal - and membrane-based processes and, finally, presents the design and operation of large and small desalination plants. As such, it covers all the scientific, technological and economical aspects of this critical industry, not disregarding its environmental and social points of view. One of InTech's books has received widespread praise across a number of key publications. Desalination, Trends and Technologies (Ed. Schorr, M. 2011) has been reviewed in Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology – the official magazine for the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, and Taylor & Francis's Desalination Publications. Praised for its “multi-faceted content [which] contributes to enrich it,” and described as “an essential companion...[that] enables the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the desalination industry,” this book is testament to the quality improvements we have been striving towards over the last twelve months.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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    Current Topics in Tropical Medicine (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Tropical Medicine has emerged and remained as an important discipline for the study of diseases endemic in the tropic, particularly those of infectious etiology. Emergence and reemergence of many tropical pathologies have recently aroused the interest of many fields of the study of tropical medicine, even including new infectious agents. Then evidence-based information in the field and regular updates are necessary. Current Topics in Tropical Medicine presents an updated information on multiple diseases and conditions of interest in the field. It Includes pathologies caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites, protozoans and helminths, as well as tropical non-infectious conditions. Many of them are considering not only epidemiological aspects, but also diagnostic, therapeutical, preventive, social, genetic, bioinformatic and molecular ones. With participation of authors from various countries, many from proper endemic areas, this book has a wide geographical perspective. Finally, all of these characteristics, make an excellent update on many aspects of tropical medicine in the world.
    Keywords: Infectious & contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: Core Concepts, Shifting Paradigms, and Therapeutic Targets, delivers the concepts embodied within its title. This exciting book presents the full array of theories about the causes of Alzheimer's, including fresh concepts that have gained ground among both professionals and the lay public. Acknowledged experts provide highly informative yet critical reviews of the factors that most likely contribute to Alzheimer's, including genetics, metabolic deficiencies, oxidative stress, and possibly environmental exposures. Evidence that Alzheimer's resembles a brain form of diabetes is discussed from different perspectives, ranging from disease mechanisms to therapeutics. This book is further energized by discussions of how neurotransmitter deficits, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative stress impair neuronal plasticity and contribute to Alzheimer's neurodegeneration. The diversity of topics presented in just the right depth will interest clinicians and researchers alike. This book inspires confidence that effective treatments could be developed based upon the expanding list of potential therapeutic targets.
    Keywords: Neurology & clinical neurophysiology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book gives a comprehensive overview of recent advances in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, as well as general concepts of infections, immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, and etiology. It examines current clinical recommendations in the management of HPV, highlighting the ongoing issues, recent advances, and future directions in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies. The book focuses on various aspects and properties of HPV, whose deep understanding is very important for safeguarding the human race from further loss of resources and economies due to HPV infection. I hope that this work will increase the interest in this field of research and that the readers will find it useful for their investigations, management, and clinical usage.
    Keywords: infection, cervical cancer, screening, hpv, awareness, risk factors ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Cerebrovascular Diseases (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book elucidates the key principles of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) in three sections. The first section addresses relevant pathophysiological aspects, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of CVDs, the second section examines CVDs in resource-poor settings and the geriatric population, and the final section discusses atrial fibrillation and cryptogenic stroke.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: ‘Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain’ is a topic that describes nerve cells in terms of their anatomical and functional connections. The term connectome refers to a comprehensive map of neural connections, like a wiring diagram of an organism’s nervous system. Connectomics, the study of connectomes, can be applied to individual neurons and their synaptic connections, as well as to connections between neuronal populations or to functional and structural connectivity of different brain regions. This book addresses neural connectivity at these various scales in health and disease. The chapters review novel findings related to neuroanatomy and cell biology, neurophysiology, neural plasticity, changes of connectivity in neurological disorders, and sensory system connectivity. The book provides the reader with an overview of the current state-of-the-art of research of neural connectivity and focuses on the most important evidence-based developments in this area. Individual chapters focus on recent advances in specific areas of neural connectivity and in different brain regions. All chapters represent recent contributions to the rapidly developing field of neural connectivity.
    Keywords: consciousness, cytokines, spinal cord injury, intensive care unit, brainstem, default mode network ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Advanced Gas Chromatography (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Progress in agricultural, biomedical and industrial applications' is a compilation of recent advances and developments in gas chromatography and its applications. The chapters cover various aspects of applications ranging from basic biological, biomedical applications to industrial applications. Book chapters analyze new developments in chromatographic columns, microextraction techniques, derivatisation techniques and pyrolysis techniques. The book also includes several aspects of basic chromatography techniques and is suitable for both young and advanced chromatographers. It includes some new developments in chromatography such as multidimensional chromatography, inverse chromatography and some discussions on two-dimensional chromatography. The topics covered include analysis of volatiles, toxicants, indoor air, petroleum hydrocarbons, organometallic compounds and natural products. The chapters were written by experts from various fields and clearly assisted by simple diagrams and tables. This book is highly recommended for chemists as well as non-chemists working in gas chromatography.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    Dengue Fever (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: For over 70 years, dengue fever has challenged health systems in every region of the World. It has evolved from a benign febrile illness from the tropics to a major concern in urban settlements, overwhelming health infrastructure with large outbreaks, as it continues to teach us important lessons with its complexities. This book intends to review the latest updates on dengue fever, the tools available for its study and control, and promising technologies currently in the pipeline. With this work, the editors wish to provide students with an updated reference text on the basics of this disease as well as researchers and academics, with a useful document to understand the current outlook and the perspectives for the future.
    Keywords: aedes aegypti, wolbachia, epidemiology, vaccine, ecology, biosensor ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Electrocatalysis and Electrocatalysts for a Cleaner Environment (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book discusses electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for energy, water electrolysis, water treatment, CO2 conversion, and green chemistry. It reviews various electrocatalysts and their properties and electrochemical performances. The first section of the book covers topics in direct alcohol fuel cells including Pt-based electrocatalysts as non-carbon electrode support materials and the development of electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells. The second section of the book covers various topics in electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for a cleaner environment, including electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to valuable products and SYNGAS, electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, and much more.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRH Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry
    Language: English
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    Toxoplasmosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Toxoplasma gondii was first identified more than 100 years ago in the tissues of birds and mammals. Although toxoplasmosis is important all over the world, its approaches to diagnostic strategies considerably differ among countries. Its wide distribution may be attributed to complex transmission patterns and parasite coevolution with multiple hosts. Although T. gondii infections of immunocompetent people are generally considered asymptomatic, infections in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with AIDS or organ transplant recipients, can result in severe consequences. This book, composed of a series of articles, including effective diagnosis of laboratory in toxoplasma infections, congenital toxoplasmosis, relationship between toxoplasmosis and public health genomics, prevalence, genetic diversity of toxoplasmosis, and microparticle vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii by authors from all over the world, presents a wide open point of view for toxoplasmosis.
    Keywords: nanoparticles, immunotherapy, risk factors, infection, animal model, cell culture ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Chagas Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Even 110 years after its discovery, Chagas disease is still an important public health problem, especially in Latin America where it is endemic. The limited effect of current treatments in the chronic phase of the disease, as well as the lack of information about disease progression, are crucial challenges that justify the intense research on this illness. The interaction between the etiological agent Trypanosoma cruzi and its invertebrate and vertebrate hosts involves the regulation of the parasite virulence and host immune responses. T. cruzi presents mechanisms to evade host defenses, including resistance to oxidative species and vesicles secretion, among many others. In this context, a better understanding of the biochemical and molecular features of the parasite’s success inside its hosts could contribute to the development of novel anti-T. cruzi strategies such as prototypes of drugs and vaccines. This book discusses Chagas disease and its etiological agent, including information on relevant clinical aspects such as diagnosis, treatment, biomarkers, and so on. It also presents information about cellular, molecular, and biochemical characteristics of the parasite-host interactions.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Although there are thousands of parasites all over the world, Schistosoma spp. are unique in terms of their morphology. Although they have separate bodies as “male” and “female,” they live in such a way that the female resides within the male. Schistosoma spp., classified in the family of trematodes, has about twenty members, five of which cause a disease called schistosomiasis (or bilharzia) in humans. This disease causes a variety of symptoms, ranging from simple skin lesions to a dramatic clinical scenario of bladder carcinoma. Although there are many different diagnostic and therapeutic methods, schistosomiasis is still an important threat to humans and a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. This book discusses the morphology, geographic distribution, and evolution of Schistosoma spp., as well as the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of schistosomiasis.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    COVID-19, Neuroimmunology and Neural Function (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The recent and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has changed societies and research around the world. As such, this new book examines the latest developments in the field of neuroscience related to these changes. It includes six chapters in two sections: “COVID-19 Effects: Neurology, Neuroimmunology, Neurogenesis” and “Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry.” The first section includes chapters that address such topics as COVID’s effect on adult neurogenesis, neurological manifestations of COVID-19, and COVID-19 and seizures. Chapters in the second section discuss peripheral biomarkers in multiple sclerosis, amino acids as neurotransmitters, advancements in RNA sequencing technologies, and more.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most widespread infections worldwide, causing major health problems. Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections - New Findings, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention is a collection of chapters written by experts in the field from all over the globe. It includes recent scientific knowledge and advances in various approaches to the diagnosis, control, treatment, and management of bacterial STIs, depending on available resources and facilities. It presents research from the literature as well as different viewpoints to open new perspectives in this field. It is designed to improve the knowledge of those interested in bacterial STIs and new methods for their diagnosis and treatment.
    Keywords: antimicrobial resistance ; therapeutic target ; sexually transmitted diseases ; sexual abuse ; syphilis ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Hypothalamus in Health and Diseases (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The human hypothalamus, a small structure at the base of the brain, has strategic importance for the harmonic function of the human body. It controls the autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine function, circadian and circannual rhythms, somatic activities, and behavior, and is situated at the borders between the brain and the body and the brain and the soul, meeting points for mind and body. The hypothalamus is involved in a wide range of higher mental functions, including attention, learning and reinforcement of mnemonic processes, emotional control, mood stability, and cognitive-emotional interactions. It also has a role to play in behavioral disorders, panic reactions, cluster headache, gelastic epilepsy, mental deficiency, periodic disorders, depression, autism, and schizophrenia, and in a substantial number of neurodegenerative diseases. It enlarges greatly the dimensions of the hypothalamic contribution in controlling psychosomatic equilibrium and retaining internal unity of the human existence.
    Keywords: alzheimer’s disease, apoptosis, aging, anatomy, circadian rhythm, electron microscopy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Parkinson's Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder results due to loss of dopamine producing brain cells. Knowledge relating to PD condition has been known since 5000BC, however no effective therapeutic strategies are available till today. Therefore it is important for neurobiologists to work further by taking advantage of modern scientific methods and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies. Efforts in this direction are worthy as they will reduce the burden of PD among elderly, who are already burdened with age related systemic degenerative processes. This book is a humble effort in that progressive direction. It has chapters covering multiple aspects relating to etiology, pathophysiology of PD, available and futuristic therapeutics strategies. Therefore it will be of interest to common man, biomedical researchers and clinicians. This is one small step in a direction "to reduce the burden of neurological disease."
    Keywords: parkinson’s disease, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, personalized medicine, phenotype, pharmacogenetics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Surfactants and Detergents (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Surfactants are ubiquitous and have applications in diverse areas, including food, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and targeted drug delivery systems. Their wide diversity of applications owes to their unique structure, namely, a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group present in the same molecule. Although most surfactants used industrially are synthetic, there is a growing need for natural surfactants, as the latter is obtainable from renewable sources and are less toxic and highly biodegradable in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. This book is a compilation of interesting articles by various experts that cover various applications of both synthetic and natural surfactants.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRC Colloid chemistry
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    Advances in Chemical Sensors (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The chemical sensor plays an essential role in the fields of environmental conservation and monitoring, disaster and disease prevention, and industrial analysis. A typical chemical sensor is a device that transforms chemical information in a selective and reversible way, ranging from the concentration of a specific sample component to total composition analysis, into an analytically useful signal. Much research work has been performed to achieve a chemical sensor with such excellent qualities as quick response, low cost, small size, superior sensitivity, good reversibility and selectivity, and excellent detection limit. This book introduces the latest advances on chemical sensors. It consists of 15 chapters composed by the researchers active in the field of chemical sensors, and is divided into 5 sections according to the classification following the principles of signal transducer. This collection of up-to-date information and the latest research progress on chemical sensor will provide valuable references and learning materials for all those working in the field of chemical sensors.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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    Autism (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book opens with a discussion of neurodiversity and an elaboration of the diagnosis of autism. It then examines factors correlating with autism, including sex bias, month of birth, migration and impact of infant feeding. The next section is on the impact of autism. The neurobiology and genetic section deals with epigenetics and intracellular pathways associated with etiology. The development and behaviour section deals with proprioceptive profiles and joint attention in autism. The final section focuses on interventions including mindfulness, animal assisted activity, social/cultural perspective on autism intervention and physical activity. The book is relevant to all professionals and researchers working with persons with autism, including psychiatrists/psychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, teachers, nurses and care workers.
    Keywords: epigenetics, oxidative stress, risk factors, genetics, stress, migration ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Leishmaniasis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Of all the parasitic diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the most diverse, with a variety of manifestations, from relatively minor cutaneous lesions to deadly visceral infections. It is also widespread, causing human disease in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Africa. The environments in which this disease occurs range from desert to tropical jungle to urban habitats. Not surprisingly, the literature on this disease is written in a variety of languages including Portuguese, Arabic, English and French among others. This book provides a synopsis in English of much of the recent research on leishmaniasis, with a focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of the disease as described by researchers around the world, but with a focus on the research from Brazil and the Middle East.
    Keywords: Infectious & contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Distillation Processes (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Distillation is an important separation technique that has been used for many centuries to exploit the volatility differences between components in a mixture. The distillation process has many variations and applications. This book includes two sections on desalination and reactive distillation. It discusses desalination in the processes of solar and membrane distillation, with a focus on the reduction of energy costs to obtain potable water. It also discusses reactive distillation, which can be used in some cases to reduce the power duty in the separation process by using the reaction heat directly in the separation. The book includes cases of mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization of the distillation process.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    Current Topics in Anemia (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book deals with a very common condition, anemia, which might interest not only the physicians but also other healthcare professionals and researchers dealing with anemic patients. The objective of this book was to collect and compile up-to-date information from reputable researchers of different countries of the world to disseminate the latest information about the common types of anemia in some specific physiological and pathological conditions including pathophysiology and the use of algorithms as a tool to minimize the laboratory tests and accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause. In total, there are 13 chapters in this book where the authors shared their research findings and real-life experiences in managing their patients with anemia.
    Keywords: iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, hepcidin, cytokines, malaria, chronic kidney disease ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Steps Forwards in Diagnosing and Controlling Influenza (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 3-5 million cases of severe influenza worldwide will result in 250,000-500,000 deaths annually. Collectively, data are shared via the WHO's Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), which includes 143 institutions in 113 WHO member states, to help alert the emergence of antigenic variants or the beginning of a pandemic. In April 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cited the first incidence of human-to-human transmission of pandemic H1N1, also referred to as swine influenza A, which was antigenically distinct from other circulating human H1N1. As the first influenza pandemic of the twenty-first century, pandemic H1N1 was not included in the annual trivalent vaccine regimen, leaving a large majority of the population unprotected from the newly emerging pathogen.
    Keywords: pregnancy, nanoparticle, biosensor, pcr, vaccination, immunology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Recent Research on Balance Disorders (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book provides a comprehensive overview of balance disorders. It discusses the initial approach to patients with balance disorders and presents important studies in the field. It is designed for general practitioners and specialist physicians.
    Keywords: vertigo ; pain ; hearing loss ; older adults ; meniere’s disease ; head injury ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Giardiasis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Giardiasis is still a significant infectious and parasitic disease, caused by the protozoan Giardia intestinalis. There are estimates of more than 200 million cases of giardiasis occurred in the world annually. The advance in research in giardiasis during the last century and particularly during the last decade is considerable. Nevertheless, many challenges still are ahead in order to reach a higher control of this disease. This book tried to update the significant epidemiological and clinical research in many aspects with a multinational perspective. This book with 9 chapters has been organized in 3 major sections: 1. "Overview, Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects," 2. "Biological and Diagnostic Aspects," and 3. "Treatment, Prevention and Public Health."
    Keywords: water, epidemiology, soil, livestock, cytoskeleton, injury ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Hansen's Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Hansen's Disease - The Forgotten and Neglected Disease provides concise information on the relevant aspects of the disease of leprosy, including immunological, epidemiological, clinical and molecular studies that are of great importance in the study of an often-ignored disease, which remains a great challenge to humanity. It collects contributions made by professional experts in the study of Mycobacterium leprae, providing perspectives with knowledge, experience and research, highlighting that the disease continues to be of interest to public health. It is expected that this book will be useful and contribute to the expansion of information and interest about the disease commonly known as leprosy.
    Keywords: leprosy, mycobacterium leprae, biomarkers, epidemiology, evolution, disability ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Understanding Tuberculosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an attempt to understand the extent to which the bacilli has adapted itself to the host and to its final target. On the other hand, there is a section in which other specialists discuss how to manipulate this immune response to obtain innovative prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to truncate the intimal co-evolution between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Homo sapiens.
    Keywords: Infectious & contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Roundworms (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The first roundworm identified in humans was Ascaris, described by Linnaeus in 1758. Rudolphi’s 1808 classification was the first to describe the Nematoidea. With the development of new molecular techniques, classification and phylogenetic research have also frequently changed; in 2019 a new classification, the phylum Nematoda, was created based on evolutionary relationships, developmental and morphological features and recent molecular evidence. Nematodes, which include hookworms, whipworms, threadworms, and soil-borne worms, are one of the oldest disease-causing creatures, dating back to Ancient Greek, Roman and Mesopotamian civilizations. Most commonly affecting children and women, the disease causes developmental disorders, cognitive impairment and death, with symptoms primarily affecting the organs they inhabit. In this book, the historical background, biology, transmission routes and geographical distribution of some roundworms affecting human health are discussed.
    Keywords: pathogenesis ; parasites ; investigation ; helminthiasis ; lymphatic filariasis ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Botulinum Toxin Therapy Manual for Dystonia and Spasticity (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Taking exception from previous publications and reviews, this handbook boldly knits botulinum toxin therapy indications in both dystonia and spasticity. Botulinum toxin therapy has indeed withstood the test of time in terms of its efficacy and safety, as applied in hyperfunctional states of the muscle and exocrine glands. Topics were chosen spanning from the basic science to the clinical applications and to instrument-guidance injections. The format was envisioned to be timely as one (either a novice or an experienced clinician) applies practical approaches with botulinum toxin therapy ranging from straightforward to challenging clinical scenarios. As well, clinicians and students alike will find the book useful in content and relevance to contemporary times. Please read with no fear and don't doubt because indeed you eventually become the winner as you finish the book.
    Keywords: Neurology & clinical neurophysiology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Chagas Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book contains 11 chapters of significant and updated materials on what we know and what we lack and need in better understanding of Trypanosoma cruzi - a parasite that never dies - and the consequences of Chagas disease as one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases threatening the global health and wellbeing. This book is intended to increase the readers' enthusiasm to explore the four sections of the contents: Section 1 begins with biochemistry, pathophysiology, histo-immunological study, and findings to assist in the diagnosis; Section 2 further investigates the role of vector in propagation of the parasite, the intensity on epidemiology, and the severity on clinical aspects, which help us to be well perceived on the course of disease; Section 3 is seeking beyond modern medicine and what lays in the nature that helps fight against this parasite; and the last section, Section 4, deals with the impacts of public health problem and the control strategies on Chagas disease.
    Keywords: immune system, trypanosoma cruzi, inflammation, epidemiology, chemotherapy, drug discovery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Infective Endocarditis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Infective endocarditis is a potentially life-threatening devastating disease. Due to its diagnostic difficulties, definite diagnosis may be delayed. Once diagnosed, the treatment options need careful judgment preferably among team members with specialization in cardiology, imaging, infectious disease, and thoracic surgery. The purpose of this book is to cover various aspects of the management of infectious endocarditis, which may serve as a basis of knowledge that will facilitate implementation of improved, evidenced-based care for this challenging disease.
    Keywords: oxidative stress, surgery, infection, echocardiography, staphylococcus aureus, hemodialysis ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Moyamoya Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease most prevalent in East Asian countries. Thanks to new diagnostic capabilities, the number of cases discovered, including asymptomatic patients, has been increasing steadily. However, asymptomatic from the clinical point of view does not necessarily mean that there are no subjacent problems. Indeed, many patients harbour cognitive decline long before they exhibit clinical or radiological manifestations. The only effective treatment is surgical revascularization, either direct, indirect, or combined. Many posit that preventive surgical treatment should be considered even in asymptomatic moyamoya patients, particularly in the paediatric age group. This book expands on these ideas and examines the various aspects of this dreadful disease.
    Keywords: stroke, neuropsychology, cerebral angiography, clinical features, revascularization ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Understanding Tuberculosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as recent investigations demonstrate, has a complex signaling expression, which allows its close interaction with the environment and one of its most renowned properties: the ability to persist for long periods of time under a non-replicative status. Although this skill is well characterized in other bacteria, the intrinsically very slow growth rate of Mycobium tuberculosis, together with a very thick and complex cell wall, makes this pathogen specially adapted to the stress that could be generated by the host against them. In this book, different aspects of these properties are displayed by specialists in the field.
    Keywords: Infectious & contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Herpesviridae (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Herpesviruses are unique among viruses as they encode for a complex self-regulatory system, aggressively invade and persist in the host, evade immune defense, alter all regulatory mechanisms of the macroorganism and modify the replication of heterologous viruses. Environmental factors influence these unconventional relationships. Consequently, a single herpesvirus species can be attributed to a wide range of diseases as etiological agents or cofactors. This book is intended to give an overview on selected clinical hot topics: herpes simplex virus encephalitis, persistent infection in the gingiva, thymidine kinase gene expression causing male infertility, and pharmaceutical reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus for oncolysis. Immune evasion mechanisms and new ways to formulate vaccines are exhaustively reviewed. Finally, a surprise: bovine herpesviruses could serve as models to study the pathomechanism of herpesviruses.
    Keywords: herpesvirus, epidemiology, immunotherapy, epigenetics, innate immunity, clinical trials ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Huntington's Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Huntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain. It is one of the quite devastating and currently incurable human conditions. Degeneration of specific types of neurons in the brain results in a triad of clinical features: serious behavioral disturbances, uncontrolled movements of body parts, and deterioration of intellectual capabilities. The underlying complex mechanisms and molecular players of the cellular cascades still need to be deciphered in detail despite considerable advances. Once solved, the related molecular mechanisms will not only enlighten the HD story but will also shed light on other polyglutamine diseases and similar brain disorders. This book, Huntington's Disease-Molecular Pathogenesis and Current Models, is planned to cover recent scientific achievements in understanding the cellular mechanisms of HD. The chapters provide comprehensive description of the key issues in HD research. In this regard, this book will serve as a source for clinicians and researchers in the field and also for life science readers in increasing their understanding and awareness of the clinical correlates, genetic aspects, neuropathological findings, and potential therapeutic interventions related to HD.
    Keywords: huntington’s disease, pluripotent stem cells, glutamate, creb, mouse models, mmr ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Echinococcosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Echinococcosis is a neglected parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus spp. of the family Taeniidae. The prevalence of the disease is increasing worldwide due to industrialization and climate change. This book provides a comprehensive overview of echinococcosis, including information on epidemiology, geographic distribution, diagnosis, management, and prevention.
    Keywords: medicinal plants ; toxicity ; natural products ; pancreas ; immune evasion ; radiofrequency ablation ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Epstein-Barr Virus (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a fascinating microorganism, as a “double-facetted” viral agent. After primary infection, it can persist throughout a person’s lifetime in a latent form, from which it can reactivate following specific stimuli (i.e., immunodepression). Unlike other herpesviruses, EBV reactivates a countless number of times with such a high replication rate that it is unable to be controlled by conventional anti-herpesvirus drugs. Moreover, for various reasons, no vaccine is currently available in the market. This book presents a comprehensive overview of EBV, including information on its potential for oncogenic activity, its various isolates, and possible vaccine candidates.
    Keywords: immunotherapy, vaccine, innate immunity, autoimmunity, mutation, carcinogenesis ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Paraplegia (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Paraplegia - New Insights reviews different and complementary aspects of one of the most common and catastrophic conditions. The book, edited and organized into five chapters, covers the most interesting and frequently encountered scientific material on spinal cord injury and paraplegia. It is hoped that readers will not only find answers to some of their questions but also gain a detailed understanding of paraplegia and holistic approaches to its treatment.
    Keywords: spinal cord injury ; surgery ; risk factors ; rehabilitation ; quality of life ; disability ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Pertussis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: In this book, we propose some approaches about interrelationships between vaccine strategies and microbial epidemiology, taking into account as reference the whooping cough, an endemic disease with significant morbidity and mortality and of indisputable importance in public health.
    Keywords: epidemiology, pregnancy, infants, treatment ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Neurodegenerative Diseases (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Neurodegenerative Diseases - Processes, Prevention, Protection and Monitoring focuses on biological mechanisms, prevention, neuroprotection and even monitoring of disease progression. This book emphasizes the general biological processes of neurodegeneration in different neurodegenerative diseases. Although the primary etiology for different neurodegenerative diseases is different, there is a high level of similarity in the disease processes. The first three sections introduce how toxic proteins, intracellular calcium and oxidative stress affect different biological signaling pathways or molecular machineries to inform neurons to undergo degeneration. A section discusses how neighboring glial cells modulate or promote neurodegeneration. In the next section an evaluation is given of how hormonal and metabolic control modulate disease progression, which is followed by a section exploring some preventive methods using natural products and new pharmacological targets. We also explore how medical devices facilitate patient monitoring. This book is suitable for different readers: college students can use it as a textbook; researchers in academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies can take it as updated research information; health care professionals can take it as a reference book, even patients' families, relatives and friends can take it as a good basis to understand neurodegenerative diseases.
    Keywords: Neurology & clinical neurophysiology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Traumatic Brain Injury (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) syndrome has emerged as a serious health concern worldwide due to the severity of outcomes and growing socioeconomic impacts of the diseases, e.g., high cost of long-term medical care and loss of quality of life. This book focuses on the TBI pathobiology as well as on the recent developments in advanced diagnostics and acute management. The presented topics encompass personal experience and visions of the chapter contributors as well as an extensive analysis of the TBI literature. The book is addressed to a broad audience of readers from students to practicing clinicians.
    Keywords: concussion, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, acupuncture, herbal medicine, biomechanics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Viral Outbreaks (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent trends in viral outbreaks, covering general concepts of immunobiology of infections, viral outbreaks, pathology, virology, viral genomics, viromes, and antiviral pharmacology. It also discusses current clinical recommendations for managing various viral diseases, highlighting ongoing issues, recent advances, and future directions in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies. The book focuses on various aspects and properties of viral outbreaks, whose in-depth understanding is crucial to protect humanity from further losses of resources and economies due to viral diseases. It provides an overview of recent developments in the detection, monitoring, treatment, and control of several viral diseases that have caused recent epidemics or pandemics.
    Keywords: covid-19 ; pathogenesis ; aquaculture ; immunology ; virus ; endangered species ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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    Infectious Diseases Annual Volume 2022 (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book is an annual collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters authored by various researchers, offering a comprehensive overview of recent studies and developments in the field of Infectious Diseases. It joins work from four areas in this field, Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Infectious Diseases, each edited by an expert. The global challenges and different living circumstances for people around the globe ask for a deep understanding of various aspects and properties of infectious diseases to ensure a safer and healthier cohabitation of humans and pathogens.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
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    Current Topics in Salmonella and Salmonellosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The genus Salmonella comprises an important number of bacterial species able to colonize and infect numerous animal species and humans. Although more than a hundred years passed since its discovery, Salmonella still represents a redoubtable and successful microorganism, difficult to deal with. Whether we discuss about typhoid fever or food poisoning, the public health and financial consequences are practically incalculable. The costs attributable to Salmonella contamination of meat, eggs, and vegetables are also very high worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates is an emerging threat not only in humans, and special measures should be addressed to this global problem. The book Current Topics in Salmonella and Salmonellosis contains a series of reviews about all-important issues concerning these subjects. It comprises 14 chapters grouped in 4 sections emphasizing new insights into pathogenesis, bacterial detection and antibiotic resistance, infections in animals, risk factors, and control strategies. The new genomic data and the exhaustive presentation of molecular pathogenesis bring novelty to the book and can help to improve our knowledge about Salmonella-induced diseases.
    Keywords: poultry, climate change, biofilm, public health, wastewater treatment, antibiotics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Language: English
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