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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (6,979)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (3,182)
  • Animals
  • ddc:330
  • 2020-2024  (49)
  • 1990-1994  (9,094)
  • 1935-1939  (3,365)
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Language
Years
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  • 1
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Keywords: Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Wie werden Natur und Tiere durch die Multispezies-Ethnographie inklusiv in Forschungsprojekte integriert? Katharina Ameli fokussiert die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Aus einer Untersuchung der Schnittstellen zwischen gesellschafts- und naturwissenschaftlich orientierten Fachdisziplinen ergibt sich eine komplexe Betrachtung von Natur, Mensch und Tier. Die Einblicke in Interdependenzen unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an einer Multispezies-Ethnographie zur Analyse von MenschenTiereNaturenKulturen.
    Keywords: Natur ; Mensch ; Tiere ; Naturverständnis ; Interdisziplinarität ; Qualitative Forschung ; Kultur ; Ethnographie ; Umwelt ; Tier ; Human-animal Studies ; Umweltsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultursoziologie ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Nature ; Human ; Animals ; Understanding of Nature ; Interdisciplinarity ; Qualitative Research ; Culture ; Ethnography ; Environment ; Animal ; Environmental Sociology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology of Culture ; Cultural Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    University Press of Colorado | University Press of Colorado
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World explores the current trends in the social archaeology of human-animal relationships, focusing on the ways in which animals are used to structure, create, support, and even deconstruct social inequalities. The authors provide a global range of case studies from both New and Old World archaeology—royal Aztec dog burial, the monumental horse tombs of Central Asia, and the ceremonial macaw cages of ancient Mexico among them. They explore the complex relationships between people and animals in social, economic, political, and ritual contexts, incorporating animal remains from archaeological sites with artifacts, texts, and iconography to develop their interpretations. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World presents new data and interpretations that reveal the role of animals, their products, and their symbolism in structuring social inequalities in the ancient world. The volume will be of interest to archaeologists, especially zooarchaeologists, and classical scholars of pre-modern civilizations and societies.  Contributors: Alejandra Aguirre Molina, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Levent Atici, Douglas V. Campana, Roderick Campbell, Ximena Chá­vez Balderas, Pam J. Crabtree, Susan D. deFrance, Kitty F. Emery, Abigail Holeman, H. Edwin Jackson, Leonardo López Lujá­n, Michael MacKinnon, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Sue Ann McCarty, Neil L. Norman, Gilberto Perez, Bernardo Rodriguez, William A. Saturno, Ashley E. Sharpe, Nawa Sugiyama, Charlotte K. Sunseri, Naomi Sykes, Fabiola Torres, Raul Valadez, Norma Valentin Maldonado, Adam S. Watson, Joshua Wright, Belem Zuniga-Arelleno
    Keywords: History ; Ancient ; Social Science ; Archaeology ; Nature ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; South America ; Multicenter research ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Animals ; Clinical Protocols ; Research ; Human Experimentation ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Employing methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Sociology ; Rural ; Nature ; Animals ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Karlsruhe : Müller | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    The Hague : Europ. Environmental Bureau | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Bonn : Economica-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Hamburg : Dt. Übersee-Inst. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 15
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 16
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Berlin : Duncker & Humblot | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 18
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 19
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
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  • 20
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    Marburg : Metropolis-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 21
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 22
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Language: German
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  • 23
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 24
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    Ulm : Univ.-Verl. Ulm | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 25
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 26
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    Heidelberg : Physica-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 27
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    Wien : Ibera-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 28
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 31
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    Essen : Rheinisch-Westfälisches Inst. für Wirtschaftsforschung | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
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    Language: German
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  • 32
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    Bremen : Bremer Tabak-Collegium | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
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  • 33
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 34
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 35
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 36
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    Wuppertal : Inst. für Ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 37
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    Berlin : Birkhäuser | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Description: Wir haben zwanzig Jahre Umweltpolitik betrieben, haben nach Nanogrammen von Giften gejagt und Schadstoffemissionen reduziert. Vielleicht ist die Umwelt dadurch etwas sauberer geworden, aber dennoch drohen unserer Ökosphäre immer größere Katastrophen. Was machen wir falsch? Jeder Verbrauch, sei es von Rohstoffen, sei es von Energie, zieht unweigerlich ein Stück veränderte Umwelt nach sich. Und wir verbrauchen Megatonnen. Friedrich Schmidt-Bleek hat ein ökologisches Maß entwickelt, das erstmals den Verbrauch umfassend bestimmen kann. Dieses Maß - MIPS für Material Intensität Pro Serviceeinheit - ermöglicht es, die Umweltbelastung von Prozessen, Produkten und Leistungen zu ermitteln und miteinander zu vergleichen. Wollen wir dauerhaft unsere Ökosphäre retten, müssen wir in recht kurzer Zeit dass Ziel "Faktor 10" erreichen: also Reduzierung allen Verbrauchs auf den zehnten Teil - bei gleichbleibendem Wohlstand. Der Autor zeigt praxisnahe Wege, an dieses Ziel zu gelangen. Wir müssen nicht einfach den Gürtel enger schnallen, sondern wir müssen lernen, mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen rationaler und effektiver umzugehen. Es ist durchaus üblich, Wohlstand zu schaffen - für alle Menschen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2023-10-02
    Description: Die verheerenden Mengen an Abfall am Ende des Lebenszyklus von Produkten zu bewältigen, gilt als eine der größten Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zu einer Circular Economy. Die negativen Folgen, die sich aus dem Missmanagement von Kunststoffabfällen aufgrund fehlender oder nicht funktionierender Abfallwirtschaftsstrukturen in weiten Teilen der Erde ergeben, werden zunehmend deutlich. Bei der Circular Economy als elementarer Lösungsansatz sollen Stoffströme geschlossen und Produktlebenszyklen verlängert werden. Ein Instrument zur Annäherung an dieses Modell ist der Handel mit sogenannten Plastic Credits - ein Mittel, um den Ausbau regionaler Infrastrukturen für die Sammlung und das Recycling von Kunststoffabfällen zu finanzieren. Die Abnehmer von Plastic Credits sind die treibende Kraft hinter dem Mechanismus. Es ist weiterführende Forschung notwendig, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Frage, wie Unternehmen das Instrument der Plastic Credits nutzen und in ihre Gesamtstrategie integrieren. Diese Masterarbeit widmet sich der dabei vorgelagerten Frage: Existieren bestimmte Profile bei Unternehmen, die in Plastic Credits investieren, und lassen sich hierbei spezifische Cluster bilden? Im Rahmen der Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden Expert*innen-Interviews mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet. Dabei haben sich drei konkrete Unterfragen ergeben, die sich auf die Motivation, Branchenzugehörigkeit und räumliche Verortung der Abnehmer beziehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Abnehmer von Plastic Credits bereits umfangreich mit der Kunststoffabfallproblematik und der damit verbundenen Auswirkung auf die Umwelt beschäftigen. Offen bleibt, inwiefern Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von neuartigem Kunststoff, der Verbesserung der Recyclingfähigkeit der Produkte oder der Einsatz von Rezyklaten in der Herstellung dem Weg der Kompensation vorangestellt werden. In Bezug auf die Branchenzugehörigkeit legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass vorrangig Unternehmen, die mit einem erschwerten Rezyklate-Einsatz konfrontiert sind, in Plastic Credits investieren. Welche Auswirkungen Maßnahmen wie die Entbürokratisierung der Zulassungsverfahren für neue Recyclingprozesse oder verpflichtende Anteile an recycelten Materialien in bestimmten Produkten auf die Investition in Plastic Credits haben, wird sich in Zukunft zeigen. Die Analyse der räumlichen Verortung gab Aufschluss darüber, dass zurzeit im Wesentlichen Unternehmen aus dem globalen Norden in Plastic Credits investieren - jedoch verbunden mit dem Ziel, eine Finanzierung aus den Projektländern heraus zu intensivieren.
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2023-10-02
    Description: Förderbanken vergeben in Deutschland jährlich mindestens 200 Milliarden Euro an Mitteln für Investitionen, die sonst nicht oder sehr viel später umgesetzt werden könnten. Sie arbeiten im öffentlichen Auftrag und richten ihre Tätigkeit an gesellschaftlichen Zielen aus. Diese Ziele haben sich weiterentwickelt. Angesichts von Klimawandel, Energiekrise und den Herausforderungen einer Kreislaufwirtschaft wollen sowohl die Länder als auch die Bundesregierung ihre Förderbanken umbauen. Gerade die Förderbanken der Länder müssen sich darum jetzt bereit machen für die "Weiterentwicklung von Förderbanken zu Transformationsbanken". Für die erfolgreiche Gestaltung dieses gesellschaftlichen Umbruchs brauchen sie Unterstützung. Wie dies gelingt, zeigt dieser Zukunftsimpuls.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2023-04-03
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Language: German
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2023-04-03
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  • 43
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    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
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  • 44
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    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
    Description: Ob die Rückführung von industriellen und gewerblichen Sekundärkunststoffen, das heißt von Abfällen bzw. von bereits wiederaufbereiteten Kunststoffrezyklaten, gelingen kann, ist von mehreren Faktoren wie insbesondere den spezifischen Materialeigenschaften, den Mengen, in denen sie anfallen, den aktuellen Marktpreisen (auch gegenüber Neuware) und auch der räumlichen Nähe von Sortier- bzw. Wiederaufbereitungsinfrastruktur abhängig. Trotz eigentlich guter Voraussetzungen für ein werkstoffliches Recycling, gelangen einzelne in Unternehmen anfallende Abfallchargen häufig in eine thermische Verwertung, weil sich ein Recycling wirtschaftlich nicht lohnt. Grund hierfür ist unter anderem, dass der Informationsaustausch zu den oben genannten Faktoren für Unternehmen häufig noch sehr mangelhaft ist. Aktuell in Entwicklung befindliche digitale Plattformen und Applikationen sowie zugehörige Geschäfts- und Betreibermodelle, welche Kunststoffverarbeiter untereinander sowie Wertstofferzeuger und -verwerter vernetzen sollen, können künftig höhere Recyclingquoten ermöglichen und ökologische Einsparpotenziale heben. Der Artikel führt Entwicklungen und Ergebnisse aktueller Forschungsprojekte zu solchen Vernetzungen zusammen, zeigt die aktuelle Situation des werkstofflichen Recyclings von industriellen und gewerblichen Kunststoffabfällen auf und beleuchtet welche Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Kreislaufführung von industriellen Kunststoffen gegeben sein müssen. Es wird insbesondere analysiert, in welcher Weise digitale Technologien und die durch sie erzielbare Informationstransparenz eine verbesserte Kreislaufwirtschaft bewirken können und in welcher Weise dies Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke räumlich beeinflussen kann.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2023-04-24
    Description: Innovative digital technologies open up new opportun­ ities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve energy efficiency and energy management behavior. The question is: How far will SMEs be capable of profiting from the benefits of these new technologies? Using technology screening, this study identifies smart metering and mobile energy monitoring as digital technologies best addressing SMEs' specific demands. In addition, potentials and limitations of the technologies are investigated in two qualitative in-depth field trials. Barriers to adopting digitally enabled energy management practices are examined. The results indicate that visualising energy data enables SMEs to pursue new energy management practices for reducing energy consumption and costs (such as peak load analysis). SMEs need extensive guidance to identify and pursue these strategies. In conclusion, an exploratory adoption model for digitally enabled energy management practices is developed. Hypotheses for future experimental studies and policy implications are derived.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Description: Die Stärkung der Digitalisierung im Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement und das Schaffen einer einheitlichen sowie konsistenten Datenbasis können Unternehmen maßgeblich unterstützen, steigenden Nachhaltigkeitsanforderungen zu entsprechen und die Transparenz zur Nachhaltigkeit des Wirtschaftens zu gewährleisten. Dieser Beitrag stellt Anforderungen und einen serviceorientierten Ansatz zur Entwicklung einer Plattform für datengestütztes Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement in produzierenden Unternehmen vor.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: The transition to a greener and more circular economy has been a European policy priority for several years. The Circular Economy Action Plan of 2020 underlines the ambition. The following EEA initiatives are meant to support the transition process: - Bellagio Process on circular economy monitoring principles (EPA network); - Enhancement of EEA indicators on circular economy (ETC/WMGE); - Explorative work on novel data streams (FWC); - Co-creation work - knowledge sharing of monitoring experience (ETC/Eionet). The scope of the present task was to report on the co-creation process that was undertaken at the end of 2020. The co-creation process was organised to identify: (i) best practices on monitoring strategies, data sources and target setting; and (ii) areas of circularity measuring and monitoring that remain challenging and require additional investment. The co-creation process partially built on the work done during the Bellagio Process/Initiative which was run in parallel. This ETC report presents and documents the evidence gathered throughout the co- creation process as well as providing a retrospective analysis of the links to the Bellagio Principles.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: In der Chemiebranche macht sich mittlerweile die Erkenntnis breit, dass sie zukünftig geschlossene Stoffkreisläufe brauchen wird, wenn sie weiter Gewinne machen will. Doch der Weg dahin ist noch ziemlich weit. Deshalb wird es ohne langfristig angelegte und klare gesetzgeberische Vorgaben nicht gehen.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: At the end of March 2022, the European Commission published its new EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles. Its ambitious vision is to reduce textile waste, promote circular measures and minimise the negative environmental impacts of the textile industry. But what would a textile industry that keeps textiles in a closed loop look like, and what political conditions would be required in Germany? This Zukunftsimpuls paper by the Wuppertal Institute points to the role that Germany could play in the transformation towards a circular textile industry.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Innerhalb des Projekts "Digitalisierung gestalten - Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit ermöglichen" werden die besonderen Transformationspotenziale der Digitalisierung herausgearbeitet und für Deutschland am Beispiel der ausgewählten Handlungsfelder Mobilität, Circular Economy sowie Landwirtschaft und Ernährung diskutiert. Dieser Bericht adressiert das Handlungsfeld einer klimaschonenden und ressourceneffizienten Kreislaufwirtschaft, die Circular Economy. Bisher wird Kreislaufwirtschaft dabei vor allem mit Fokus auf Recycling und Wiederverwertung von Materialien diskutiert. Das greift jedoch zu kurz - es muss um die Skalierung von neuen, ressourcenschonenden Geschäftsmodellen und der umfassenden Transformation von Wertschöpfungsketten und Industriestrukturen gehen. Die Analyse zeigt: richtig eingesetzt ist Digitalisierung unverzichtbar für diesen Wandel. Der vorliegende Bericht möchte Anstöße für diesen Weg liefern und neue Impulse für eine klima- und ressourcenschonende Industrietransformation in Deutschland setzen. Der Bericht verarbeitet dabei Ergebnisse eines interdisziplinären Workshops zum Thema "Die digital-ökologische Industrietransformation gestalten - Geschäftsmodelle und politische Rahmenbedingungen für Klima- und Ressourcenschutz" mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Forschung, Zivilgesellschaft, Behörden und Privatunternehmen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Das Wirtschafts- und Strukturprogramm für das Rheinische Zukunftsrevier enthält eine Reihe von Zielen, die demonstrieren sollen, wie der European Green Deal modellhaft im Rheinischen Revier bis 2038 umgesetzt werden kann. Das Konzept der "Ressourcenwende" stellt dabei einen Lösungsweg für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung dieser Transformation dar. Das Wuppertal Institut hat vor diesem Hintergrund gemeinsam mit der Prognos AG die vorliegende Studie zu einer regionalen Ressourcenwende im Rheinischen Revier erarbeitet. Das Rheinische Revier ist geprägt durch die Gewinnung, Verstromung und Veredelung von Braunkohle. Darüber hinaus haben sich hier - aufgrund der Nähe zu bedeutenden europäischen Transportwegen und einer zentralen Lage zu wichtigen Märkten in Europa - viele weitere Branchen angesiedelt, wie etwa die Metall-, Chemie- und Aluminiumbranche. Im Hinblick auf den von der Bundesregierung und Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) beschlossenen Braunkohleausstieg 2030 und den European Green Deal wird die Notwendigkeit eines Wandels der energie- und ressourcenintensiven Industrien hin zu einer treibhausgasneutralen und ressourcenleichten Wirtschaft im Rheinischen Revier mehr als deutlich. Welchen Fußabdruck hinterlässt das Rheinische Revier, welche innovativen Ressourcenstrategien sollte die Region verfolgen und wie kann dies gemessen werden? Zu dieser Fragestellung haben die Forschenden ein methodisches Konzept einer regionalen Ressourcenwende für das Rheinischen Revier erarbeitet. Die Ressourcenwende selbst begrenzt sich dabei nicht nur auf Primärrohstoffe, sondern nimmt auch die Aspekte wie Bodennutzung bzw. Flächenverbrauch und Biodiversität bzw. Ökosystemleistungen in den Blick und setzt diese in den Kontext eines regionalen Kreislaufwirtschaftssystems.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: More than 150 municipal utilities (so-called Stadtwerke) were established in Germany from the beginning of the millennium, bringing the total number of Stadtwerke currently established within the country to approximately 900. With responsibility for more than half of the supply of electricity, gas and heat in Germany, these Stadtwerke play a central role in the transformation of the energy sector, or Energiewende. In addition, due to their local and regional ties, Stadtwerke have a particular role to play in energy politics, the economy and across society. This article focuses on the motives behind, and grounds for, the current wave of newly established Stadtwerke. Further, it discusses the factors that were critical to the successful formation of new Stadtwerke in recent years. The results of our survey indicate that the establishment of municipal Stadtwerke is a suitable measure to implement the energy transition at the local level, whereby the concept of public value has a high level of importance for the local decision-makers. Collaboration and cooperation, as well as a resilience-oriented strategy, are important success factors for new Stadtwerke.
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: The need for a transition towards a circular economy (CE) is evident, as the current economic model is based on the exploitation of far more resources than the planet can replenish sustainably. A significant part of this economic transition is the inception of new, CE-oriented startups and business activities. While business model frameworks (BMF), such as the Business Model Canvas (BMC), were at the center of discussions about structuring business ideas in the beginning of the millennium, the conversation must now shift towards circular BMFs (CBMF). This paper follows the Design Research Methodology (DRM) for an empirical approach to devising a novel CBMF, including expert interviews as well as a first application of the framework with a startup. Throughout this process, a new and innovative tool called Circular Business Framework (CBF) was created and tested based on CE principles.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a concept for collecting and sharing product-related information along the life cycle of a product. DPPs are currently the subject of intense discussion, and various development efforts are being undertaken. These are supported by regulatory activities, especially in the case of the battery passport. The aggregation of product life-cycle data and their respective use, as well as the sharing of these data between companies, entrepreneurs, and other actors in the value chain, is crucial for the creation of a resource-efficient circular economy. Despite the urgent need for such a solution, there is currently little attention given to the digital infrastructure for the creation and handling of the DPPs (i.e., the so-called DPP system). Moreover, there is so far no common understanding of what the requirements for a DPP system are. This is the background and underlying motivation of our paper: we identify the requirements for a DPP system in a structured way, i.e., based on stakeholder involvement and current literature from science and industry. In addition, we compose, categorize, and critically analyze the results, i.e., the list of requirements for DPP systems, in order to identify gaps. Summarized, our research provides insights into the criteria to be considered in the creation of an actual DPP system.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2023-08-02
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Although smart energy technologies (SETs) can fulfill multiple tasks in increasingly decarbonized and digitalized energy systems, market diffusion is still limited. This study investigates which beliefs influence consumers' intention to adopt two smart-energy offerings, whether the rapid growth of the smart home market will now drive SET adoption, and if consumer-driven diffusion will lead to sustainability potentials being realized. Building on UTAUT2, a new theoretical model is proposed, and a consumer acceptance survey was conducted in Germany (n = 700). Results indicate that a growing smart home market will not increase SET adoption and that "adjustable green defaults" should be introduced.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: Fortschreitende Digitalisierung und zunehmende Internationalisierung von Märkten bergen Herausforderungen für Unternehmen mit traditionell geprägten Arbeits- und Fertigungsstrukturen. Um den steigenden Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, sollten in diesen Unternehmen die digitale Arbeitsfähigkeit und Kompetenzen für Agilität ausgebaut werden. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Konzeption einer digitalen Plattform zur Steigerung derartiger Kompetenzen in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU). Die digitale Kompetenzplattform soll insbesondere produzierenden KMU strukturschwacher Regionen helfen, ihre Agilität zu steigern und so zur Innovations- und Zukunftsfähigkeit des Unternehmens beitragen.
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Die Transformation der bisher linearen Strukturen von Produktion und Konsum ("take-make-dispose") hin zu einer Circular Economy (CE) - im Sinne einer weiterentwickelten Kreislaufwirtschaft - gilt als zentrales Konzept zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz und Kreislaufführung von Materialien und Produkten, zur Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der einheimischen Industrie sowie zur Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplatzpotenziale. Ziel dieses Forschungsmoduls ist es, die bisherige Umsetzung dieses Konzepts im Rahmen der Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie NRW zu analysieren und durch geeignete Impulse zu begleiten. Durch die Entwicklung eines Leitbilds für eine nachhaltige Circular Economy und zu seiner Messung geeigneter Indikatoren soll das noch an vielen Stellen unscharfe Konzept präzisiert und insbesondere an die spezifischen Ausgangsbedingungen und Herausforderungen von Nordrhein-Westfalen angepasst werden. Dazu sollen Bausteine für ein mittel- und langfristiges Leitbild (2030) entworfen werden, das einen konsistenten Entwicklungspfad für diesen komplexen Transformationsprozess beschreiben soll. Die bestehenden stark abfallwirtschaftlich geprägten Indikatoren zum Thema Kreislaufwirtschaft sollen durch Vorschläge für zusätzliche Indikatoren zur Nachhaltigkeit im Rahmen der Kreislaufwirtschaft (Circular Economy, CE) ergänzt werden.
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute considerably to Germany's carbon emissions, regional savings and cooperative banks - SMEs' most important financiers - hardly consider this aspect in lending to these businesses. However, given Germany's commitment to climate neutrality by 2045, suitable approaches for injecting climate finance into these SME lending processes are greatly required. Against this background, the paper at hand aims to introduce the specific case of regional banks into the debate on green finance and green banking and suggest future research in this context. In discussing the state of research on the peculiarities of regional savings and cooperative banks, we outline the resulting opportunities and limitations for climate impact assessments in SME lending. We argue that while the dual bottom-line orientation of regional banks in Germany precludes them from applying simple positive or negative screenings, their in-depth knowledge about local clients and circumstances enables them to be active and engaging partners for the green transformation of SMEs. Nonetheless, we explain why developing solutions to utilise this knowledge for climate finance by integrating climate impact assessments into routine lending processes remains a particularly challenging task.
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: The project "Plastic Credits - Financing the Transition to the Global Circular Economy" supports the implementation of a waste management structure in India's rural regions. By that it aims to improve the current waste collection and treatment structures in the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, and Kerala. Herein, the project focuses on low value plastics (LVP), and especially multi-layer plastics (MLP), that have no market value. In order to analyze the environmental impacts of the project, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was conducted. The considered environmental components comprise: greenhouse gas emissions, usage of primary resources, impacts on marine and terrestrial wildlife, standard of living, and economic costs.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Striving to mitigate climate change, the European Union has adopted net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as a target for 2050. In this paper, European chemical industry roadmaps from the past six years are assessed and compared to uncover how the industry envisions its role in the transition to net-zero emissions. The roadmaps are assessed in terms of ambition level, technology and feedstock strategies, investment needs and costs, agency and dependency on other actors, as well as timeline and concretion. Although net-zero pathways are often drawn out in the roadmaps, some also choose to emphasize and argue for less ambitious pathways with emission reductions of only 40-60 %. The roadmaps vary widely in terms of the importance they assign to mechanical and chemical recycling, switching to biogenic carbon and carbon dioxide as feedstock, electrification and hydrogen, and carbon capture and storage. A commonality though, is that low-tech or near-term mitigation pathways such as demand reduction, reuse or material efficiency are seldom included. High investment needs are generally highlighted, as well as the need for policy to create enabling conditions, whereas the agency and responsibility of the chemical industry itself is downplayed. Our analysis highlights that the chemical industry does not yet have a strong and shared vision for pathways to net-zero emissions. We conclude that such a future vision would benefit from taking a whole value chain approach including demand-side options and consideration of scope 3 emissions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In Deutschland werden jährlich über sieben Millionen gebrauchte Matratzen entsorgt, die überwiegend verbrannt und nur zu einem Bruchteil recycelt werden. Dieser lineare Ansatz belastet die Ressourcen, erhöht die Emissionen und birgt Umweltrisiken. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, kann die erweiterte Herstellerverantwortung (Extended Producer Responsibility, EPR) als Instrument zur Umsetzung einer Kreislaufwirtschaft dienen. In dieser Masterarbeit wird daher untersucht, wie ein EPR-System für Matratzen in Deutschland gestaltet sein sollte, um Kreisläufe effizient zu schließen. Gleichzeitig zielt diese Thesis darauf ab, die damit verbundenen Anforderungen und Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung eines solchen Systems zu identifizieren. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurden mithilfe von Expert*innen-Interviews und einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche drei EPR-Modelle entwickelt und anhand von ausgewählten Kriterien bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Bewertung ergaben, dass ein Modell präferiert werden sollte, in dem eine sogenannte Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO) gebündelt die Verantwortung der Hersteller übernimmt. Ein solches System würde unter anderem eine angemessene Kontrolle ermöglichen und Anreize für Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der Recyclingtechnologien und des zirkulären Designs der Matratzen schaffen. Obwohl die Datenlage über Altmatratzen und deren Verwertung in Deutschland derzeit noch begrenzt sind und die hier präsentierten Ergebnisse von der gewählten Methodik abhängen, dient diese Masterarbeit als erste Grundlage für die weitere Entwicklung eines EPR-Systems für Matratzen in Deutschland.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Description: Demand-side mitigation strategies have been gaining momentum in climate change mitigation research. Still, the impact of different approaches in passenger transport, one of the largest energy demand sectors, remains unclear. We couple a transport simulation model to an energy system optimisation model, both highly disintegrated in order to compare those impacts. Our scenarios are created for the case of Germany in an interdisciplinary, qualitative-quantitative research design, going beyond techno-economic assumptions, and cover Avoid, Shift, and Improve strategies, as well as their combination. The results show that sufficiency - Avoid and Shift strategies - have the same impact as the improvement of propulsion technologies (i.e. efficiency), which is reduction of generation capacities by one quarter. This lowers energy system transformation cost accordingly, but requires different kinds of investments: Sufficiency measures require public investment for high-quality public services, while efficiency measures require individuals to purchase more expensive vehicles at their own cost. These results raise socio-political questions of system design and well-being. However, all strategies are required to unleash the full potential of climate change mitigation.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die schnelle und umfassende Emissionsminderung in der Energie- und Kreislaufwirtschaft ist der Schlüssel für die Begrenzung der Erderwärmung auf unter 2 °C. In Deutschland werden entsprechende Politiken seit den 1990er-Jahren verfolgt, allerdings erst in jüngster Vergangenheit mit dem notwendigen Nachdruck und der notwendigen Orientierung hin zu mehr Marktmechanismen. Wesentliche Handlungsfelder sind Energieeinsparung und erhöhte Energieeffizienz, Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energien, Bepreisung von Klimagasen sowie eine Reduzierung und Schließung der Stoffkreisläufe. In allen Handlungsfeldern sind Grundlagen geschaffen, es bleibt jedoch der Großteil des Weges noch zu gehen, um Klimaneutralität zu erreichen. Für einen schnellen Fortschritt spielen neben der Überwindung der technischen, ökonomischen und organisatorischen Herausforderungen auch Verteilungsfragen und die Einbettung in internationale Maßnahmen eine zunehmende Rolle.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: Deutschlands Haushalte werden, zu Beheizungszwecken, zu 70 % leitungsgebunden versorgt: 50 % mit Erdgas und 14 % mit Fernwärme; 5 % mit Elektrizität, davon je die Hälfte noch mit Nachtspeicherheizung, die andere Hälfte mit Wärmepumpen. So war es 2021. So wird es in Zukunft nicht sein, denn Erdgas ist ein Energieträger fossiler Herkunft. Dessen Nutzung geht in den nächsten beiden Jahrzehnten gen Null. Die Frage ist, was das für die Erdgasleitungen in Deutschland bedeutet.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: The petrochemical industry is among the most relevant sectors from an economic, energetic and climate policy perspective. In Western Europe, production occurs in local chemical parks that form strongly connected and densely integrated regional clusters. This paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the petrochemical system in Germany and investigates three particularly distinct clusters regarding their challenges and chances for a transition towards climate-neutrality. For this, feedstock and energy supply, product portfolios and process integration as well as existing transformation activities are examined. We find that depending on their distinct network characteristics and location, unique and complex strategies are to be mastered for every cluster. Despite the many activities underway, none of them seems to have a strategic network to co-create a tailored defossilization strategy for the cluster - which is the core recommendation of this paper to develop.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Energy performance contracting (EPC) as a market instrument has been effective in promoting energy efficiency worldwide, but it has encountered many insurmountable obstacles in rural energy management. In this study, based on the characteristics of energy management in rural areas, three EPC modes are designed and tested in 24,000 rural households. The test results show that two adapted EPC modes of local government involvement and energy payment directly from the national grid can effectively overcome the barriers encountered in the traditional EPC modes and work well under the economic and social environmental conditions in rural areas. The key to the adaptation of the traditional EPC modes is the introduction of the local government as the third party. Participation of the third party can effectively reduce and remove the barriers and risks and increase the mutual trust between the clients (households) and the energy service companies (ESCOs). Based on the testing results, this study suggests that governmental departments should formulate relevant EPC policies and technical guidelines within the rural context. This research recommends that farmers should not manage their energy services by themselves and it is suggested to out-contracting ESCOs by applying the modes developed and tested by this paper.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) is the industrial center of Germany and one of the most important industrial locations in Europe. It is a key location for the energy-intensive basic materials industry like the production of steel and non-ferrous metals, (petro)chemicals, cement and lime, bricks, glass and ceramics, and paper. Around 20 % of NRW's total greenhouse emissions derive from industrial processes. By 2045, industry must achieve climate-neutrality, which requires a massive transformation effort. Technologically, this needs large-scale utilization of green hydrogen, carbon management, consequent circular economy, and climate-neutral production of process heat. Furthermore, various adjustments to the policy framework are essential.
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: The goal of this dissertation is to facilitate the assessment of impacts from sustainable measures and projects with an emphasis on impact reporting for Green, Social or Sustainability Bonds in the Sustainable Finance market. It does so by providing analysts with the means to develop, depict, formulate, and assess a causal hypothesis between an intervention and its subsequent effects in an impact-chain, represented by desired environmental (E), social (S) or governance (G) changes. This is achieved by developing a methodology for so-called ESG Logic Models or ESG-LM, that combine heuristic Theories-of-Change with propositional logic and Bayesian Reasoning. Three research questions are investigated and responded to. Research Question 1 asks how such Theories-of-Change can be developed for any type of ESG-related issue and how the different process steps in a causal chain can be classified, hierarchised, and prioritised regarding their efficacy towards overarching sustainability goals and their plausibility. Research Question 2 studies (a) the means by which the analyst or any other interested third party might be warranted in believing the causal claims from an ESG-LM, and (b) how an ESG-LM can be improved if this credence is low. Research Question 3 then looks at the reporting of impacts themselves regarding indicator selection, indicator assessment and indicator quantification as well as the provision of information on the contributions and attributions by different actors. The dissertation draws on a variety of theories and adapts existing methods to achieve that. It operationalises concepts from empirical Sustainable Finance research and already existing impact assessment methodologies. It adapts scholarly and practitioner approaches for theory-based evaluation and applies a qualitative social science perspective towards theory-building and evaluation, while some of the assessment tools in the dissertation are grounded in Logic, Set Theory and Bayesian Epistemology. Examples for such tools include rules for the Attribution by actors, heuristics for the abduction of plausible outcome pathways, or a four-stage Argument and Decision-Tree to assess the credibility of ESG-LM claims (based on Bayes Theorem). My assessment of the entire methodology is positive overall, as it provides solutions to each of the three research areas. Limitations of the approach, and thus opportunities for further research, are the additional expertise and time required by analysts compared to the existing, and somewhat more pragmatic, solutions in the current market. However, this is outweighed in my opinion by the ability of the framework to strongly mitigate impact washing by actors in the financial markets as well as biases by analysts. Its overall methodology also provides opportunities for new research angles in the area of sustainability indicators and assessments.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2024-06-18
    Description: Der Mehrwegverband Deutschland e. V. ist gemeinsam mit dem Wuppertal Institut vom Umweltbundesamt beauftragt worden, die Grundlage für eine gemeinsame Wirkungsmessung der Mehrweg-Rückgabe-Piloten in Deutschland zu legen. Ziel war es, mit Initiator*innen und Beteiligten aus Pilotprojekten deren Ansätze zur Wirkungsmessung zu teilen, zu spiegeln, weiterzuentwickeln - und auf Praxistauglichkeit zu testen. Diese Handreichung gibt einen Überblick über die Projekte, definiert die Gestaltungsdimensionen, beschäftigt sich mit der Wirkungsmessung, zeigt die Ergebnisse auf und gibt erste Empfehlungen. Basis der Erarbeitung war eine Workshop-Reihe der Pilotprojekte in München/Haar, Mainz-Wiesbaden, Hamburg/Westfield, Berlin/Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg und München/Glockenbachviertel.
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    Language: German
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 81
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 3-6 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pentaarsacyclopentadienyl ligand / Triarsachromatertrahedranes / Triple-decker complexes / Tetrahedrane, triarsachroma- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chromium Complexes with cyclo-Asx, LigandsThe interaction of [(η5C5Me4R)(CO)2Cr]2(Cr≡Cr) (1a: R = CH3 1b: R = C2H5) with yellow arsenic (As4) affords the triarsachromatetrahedranes [(η5-C5Me4R)(CO)2Cr(η3-As3)] (2a, b) as well as the 27-VE triple-decker complexes [{(η5-C5Me4R)Cr}2-(μ,η5-As5)] (3a, b) 3 is also formed photochemically from 2. 2a and 3b have been characterized by X-ray structure analyses. The cyclo-As5 ligand forms a regular arsenic pentagon.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Isocyanide complexes / Carbene complexes / Transition metal complexes / Carbohydrates / Glucose, 2-deoxy-2-isocyano-, as complex ligand ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal-Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, LII. - Binding of Monosaccharides through the Isocyano and Carbene Group to the Metal Atom: Chromium(O), Tungsten(O), Rhodium(III), Iridium(1II). Palladium(I1). Platinum(ZI), and Gold(1) Complexes of 1.3.4.6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-isocyano-α-D-glucose and -β-D-glucoseStable isocyanide complexes cis-Cl2Pd(CNR)2 (2), cis-Cl2Pt(CNR)2 (3), cis-Cl2Pt(PPh3)CNR (4), [trans-(Ph3P)2Pt(Cl)CNR]+BF-4 (5), ClAuCNR (6), (OC)5CrCNR (7), (OC)5WCNR (8), (η5-C5Me5)Rh-(CNR)Cl2 (9), (η5-C5Me5)Ir(CNR)Cl2 (10) of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-isocyano-α(β)-D-glucose (CNR) as well as carbene complexes ClAuC(NHR')(NHR) (11, 12) and cis-Cl2Pt(PPh3)C-(OR')NHR (13, 14) have been prepared and characterized by their IR and NMR spectra. The structure of 10 has been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaallyl complexes / Sulfur ylides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transition-Metal-Substituted Acylphosphines and Phosphaalkenes. XII. - Transition-Metal Sulfur Ylide Complexes, XXVIIzt - Conversion of a Phosphaalkenyliron Complex (η5-C5Me5)-(CO)2FeP=(SiMe3)2 into (η3-Phosphaallyl)iron Complexes by means of Me2S-(O)=CH2: Synthesis and Molecular Structures of Two Isomeres of (η5-C5Me5)-(CO)η5-P(CH-(SiMe3)2(CHC-0)}The transition-metal-substituted phosphaalkene (η5-C5Me5)-(CO)2FeP=C(SiMe3)2 (1) reacts with the sulfur ylide Me2S-(O)=CH2 (2) to afford the yellow η3-phosphaallyliron complex 4 with a syn-configuration in the organophosphorus ligand. In toluene solution at 40°C this complex undergoes an isomerization to the corresponding anti-configurated complex 5. Constitution and configuration of both compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and MS) as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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  • 84
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 67-69 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diphosphabicyclobutanes / Valence isomerization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: DiphosphabicyclobutanesTwo isomeric diphosphabicyclobutanes (5,11) are obtained by treatment of the phosphaalkenes X-P = C(Ph)Tms (1a) and X - P = CTms2 (1b) (X = halogen Tms = trimethylsilyl) with 2, Mg, or Na. Both syntheses proceed by coupling of two phosphaalkene units affording, however, two different diphospha-butadiene intermediates. 4 and 10 readily undergo isomerization reactions to form the diphosphabicyclobutanes. Irradiation of the phosphaalkenes Cp* - P = C(Ph)Tms (12a) and Cp* - P = CTms2 (12b) (Cp* = C5Me5) gives rise to a different reaction pathway. Dimerization of 12a, followed by homolytic cleavage of the Cp* - phosphorus bond and intramolecular recombination produces the butterfly compound 5, whereas homolytic cleavage of the Cp* - element bond in 12 b, followed by rearrangement and intermolecular recombination, affords the diphosphabicyclobutane 11.
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  • 85
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 83-85 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diazadienes/Carbon-carbon coupling/Ruthenium(0) complexes/Ethylene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexes (dad)2RuCl2 (1) (dad = diazadiene, RN = CR'- CR'=NR) are reduced to (dad)2Ru (2) which react with L = CO or ethylene to give (dad)2RuL (3,5). Reduction of 1b ( R' = H) with magnesium-butadiene or reaction of 2b with butadiene leads to a new type of C-C coupling of butadiene to one of the diazadiene ligands (6b). Addition of CO induces a rearrangement to 7b by a hydride shift.
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  • 86
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 101-105 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Enol lactones, photochemistry of / Ketene photoextrusion / Ketones, photoreduction / 0-Heterocycles, photochemistry of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photochemical conversion of 4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-benzopyran-2,5(3H)-dione (1) into 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-4(2H)-one (4) in methanol does not - as previously assumed - proceed by decarbonylation of the primarily formed acyl-vinyloxy biradical 2. This conclusion results from the finding that C-2, i. e. the CH2 group, of benzofuranone 4 stems from the solvent. Similar observations were made for other benzopyrandiones 15. A reaction sequence consisting of (a) ketene elimination from 2 with formation of 2-isopropylidene-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclo-hexanedione and (b) light-induced (reductive) H . and . CH2OH addition to this intermediate followed by cyclization and dehydration to 4, is proposed for the conversion 1→4.
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  • 87
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 133-136 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2,4-Triazines / Dienophiles, side-chain / [4+21 Cycloaddition / Pyrido[2,3-e-l,4-diazepines / Pyrido[2,3-b]-1,5-diazocines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Seven- and Eight-Membered Ring-Annulated Pyridines by “Inverse” Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction with Trifluoromethyl-Substituted 1,2,4-TriazinesIntramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with inverse electron demand of trifluoromethyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazines carrying 7- or 8-membered o-alkyne side-chain dienophiles (3,8,12) lead to the synthesis of bicyclic pyridines with annulated heterocyclic seven- (5, 9, 13-15) or eight-membered rings (19, 22, 23, 26).
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  • 88
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 271-276 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Niobium complexes / Molybdenum complexes / Tungsten complexes / Rhenium complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses and Structures of New 2,2′-Bipyridine Complexes of Niobium, Molybdenum, Tungsten, and Rhenium in High Oxidation StatesExchange of oxo for chlorine ligands by means of hexamethyl-disiloxane provides an easy and effective synthesis of the oxo halides (bipy)MVOCl3 (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, C10H8N2; M = Nb, 1c; Re, 2c; W, 3c) and (bipy)MVIO2Cl2 (N = Mo, 6a;W, 6b). Starting from ReCl5 the structurally (X-ray) characterized byproduct (bipy)ReIVCl4 (2b) is also formed. Dirhenium heptaoxide (7) is converted into the complex (bipy)ReVIIO3Cl (8) upon treatment with chlorotrimethylsilane in the presence of 2,2′-bipyridine, thus being now easily available a key compound in rhenium chemistry. The new imido complexes of composition (bipy)MoVI(NR)2Cl2 [R = C(H3)3, 9a; C6H5, 9b] are accessible from 6a and the corresponding silylated amines. The rhenium and tungsten complexes 2b and 6b, resp., exhibit octahedral structures in the crystal, with that of 6b being distorted as a result of different ligands and intermolecular contacts.
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  • 89
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 289-292 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diazaphosphetidinethione / Trimethylsilyl azide / Migration, methyl group, trimethylsilyl group ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unusual Reaction of a Diazaphosphetidinethione with Trimethylsilyl Azide2-Dimethylamino-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diaza-2-phosphetidine-4-thione (1) and trimethylsilyl azide do not react with formation of the expected phosphane imine 2. Instead, (a) addition of trimethylsilyl azide to the °C=S group of 1, (b) sulfurization of the phosphorus atom of 1 and formation of the racemic thiophosphoryl compound 3 (as a result of intramolecular methyl/trimethylsilyl migration) take place. For 3 two pairs of diastereomers are discussed, which have been studied by 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy, and through a 1H-13C NMR correlation.
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  • 90
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 315-319 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cycloadditions, regio- and stereoselective, light-induced / 1,4-Ethanonaphthalenes / Captodative alkenes / Di-π-methane rearrangement ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoexcited 1-naphthaldehyde (1a), 1-acetonaphthone (1b), and 1-naphthophenone (1c) add α-morpholinoacrylonitrile (2a) in a [4 + 2] mode with exceptional regio- and stereoselective formation of only one diastereomer of the two possible regioisomeric 1,4-dihydro-1,4-ethanonaphthalene adducts. An independently formed 1,2-adduct 4 was detected and isolated in very low yield, 4 is thermally and photochemically (313-nm, excitation) cleaved into the starting materials with no indication of direct interconversion into 3b. Compound 3b is stable towards 313-nm radiation, but is efficiently isomerized to give the dihydrobenzosemibullvalene 7 upon 254-nm excitation. - All observations point to the first excited triplet state as the starting point for the 1,4-additions.
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  • 91
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 345-350 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dewar benzene, derivatives, molecular structures of / Substituent effects on molecular structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular structures of the four Dewar benzene derivatives 4-7 were determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The central C1-C4 bonds are extremely long. The carboxylate groups on the bridgehead carbon atoms of 4, 5, and 7 are in optimal orientation for an electronic interaction with the central bonds having high p-character. Therefore the central bonds in 4, 5, und 7 (1.602-1.612 Å) are even more elongated than in 6 (1.563 Å). Repulsion between tert-butyl groups causes bond lengthening and structural deformations. The sp2-hybridized carbon atoms are pyramidalized. From structural comparison of Dewar benzene derivatives a strong correlation between the length of the central bond and the folding angle of the four-membered rings can be derived. A new rule has been established for the thermal stability of Dewar benzene derivatives.
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  • 92
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclophanes / Hostguest chemistry / Macrocyclic compounds / Phanes / Supramolecular chemistry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New Watersoluble Macrobicyclic CavitiesThe watersoluble macrobicyclic compounds 1, 3, 5a, and 5b have been synthesized for the first time bearing large endolipophilic cavities of different sizes and shapes. They were studied with respect to their interactions towards lipophilic guest compounds. The “in/out” isomerism of the hitherto largest endolipophilic cavities 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b has been investigated by 1H-, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry. The absence of significant 1H-NMR high-field shifts in hostguest studies is attributed to the rigidity of cavities 1 and 3, whilst the isomeric cavities 5a and 5b contain very large openings. Orientational fluorescence spectroscopy investigations, however, suggest hostguest interactions of the isomers 5a and 5b with ammonium 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (8,1-ANS).
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  • 93
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 399-404 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: β-Halovinyl ketones / β-Halovinyl aldehydes / α-Alkoxyvinyl ketones ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrophilic β-Bromination and Nucleophilic α-Methoxylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl CompoundsOximes 29a, b, semicarbazones 11a-d, dimethylhydrazones 4, and [3-methyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolylidene]hydrazones 23a-c of unsaturated aldehydes and ketones are brominated at the β-carbon by an addition-elimination sequence (→ 21a,b, 13a-d, 7, and 27c, respectively). When unsaturated ketone hydrazones are treated with bromine and methanol the α-methoxy-β-bromo derivatives 35a-c are obtained, which after hydrolysis and hydrobromic acid elimination give α-methoxy substitution products 36a-c of the starting compounds.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 341-343 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Difference electron densities / Dewar benzene, derivative ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We determined the difference electron densities [X-X] in the bonds of a Dewar benzene derivative from low temperature X-ray data (94 K). The density maxima on all bonds are significant. The central bond with an internuclear distance of 1.594 Å has a strong bending character. From the difference densities a bending angle of 28° can be derived.
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  • 95
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 363-374 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diels-Alder reaction, intramolecular / 1,7,9-Decatrien-3-ones / Octalone derivatives / Siloxycyclopropanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereoselectivity of Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,7,Q-Decatrien-3-ones to Octalone Derivatives2-Alkenyl-substituted 2-siloxycyclopropanes 1 and 2 serve as protected enone equivalents and are converted into key building blocks 5-8 in excellent yields. After desilylation and ring cleavage these compounds provide 1,7,9-decatrien-3-ones 9-12, which undergo smooth intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction at room temperature or approximately 100°C. The resulting octalone derivatives 13-16 are formed with exclusive or preferred cis connection of the rings. The relative configurations of the cycloadducts are secured by equilibration experiments and NMR spectroscopy (selective proton decouplings). For 11 → 15 and 12 → 16 the cis selectivitiy can remarkably be enhanced by trifluoroacetic acid catalysis. This high noninduced diastereoselectivity is caused by the endo approach of the reactive molecular sites, whereas the configuration of the third stereogenic centre (C-2) is determined by the folding of the linking carbon chain. Preference of a boat conformation with equatorial ester group endo-Beq may be assumed and appears to be general for intramolecular cycloadditions of such trienones. This effect as well as the influence of further substituents at the diene or dienophile portion on stereoselectivity and the reactions of other model compounds are discussed.
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  • 96
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 405-406 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Polyazamacrocycles / Cyclization, non-template / Terephthalaldehyde / Polyamines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Non-template [2+2] condensation of terephthalaldehyde with bis(3-aminopropyl)amine and N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,2-diaminoethane leads to macrocyclic systems that can be reduced and derivatized further, whereas a similar reaction with bis(2-aminoethyl)amine leads to polymeric material only.
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  • 97
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 411-412 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one, deuterated ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deuterated Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-ones and their NMR Spectra[3,3-2H2]-, [6,7-2H2]-, [6,6-2H2]-, and [7,7-2H2]bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-ones were prepared, starting from 2-cyclopenten-1-one (1). Using these derivatives, the 13C- and 1H-NMR spectra of bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one (2) have been assigned.
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  • 98
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 455-458 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: N-Boryl lactams / Isourea, triborated / Isothiourea, triborated /N/O Borotropism / Calculations, MNDO ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Contribution to the Chemistry of Boron, 201. - Boration of Lactams and Ureas by an Amino-Imino-BoranePyrrolidon reacts with (tert-butylimino)(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)borane (1) to give the N-borated lactam 2. Diketopiperazine behaves similarly. It is borated on both of its N atoms to form 3. Urea and 1 give access to the O,N,N′-triborated isourea derivative 4, which contains the structural unit of a ketiminoborane. The diborated carbodiimide 10 is ultimately obtained from 1 and thiourea via the triborated isothiourea derivative 9. MNDO calculations have been used to estimate the relative thermodynamic stabilities of O/N borotropes of carbonic acid amides and lactams. They demonstrate that the O isomers gain in stability by increasing the size of N substituents.
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  • 99
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 449-453 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithium salts / Chlorosilanol / Fluorosilanolates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lithium Compounds of a Chlorosilanol and of Fluoro-Functional Siloxanols; Synthesis and Crystal StructuresThe lithiated disilanol (CMe3)2Si(OH)2 (1) serves as a starting material in the reaction with halosilanes for the stepwise construction of siloxanols (4, 5, 7). 4 and 7 react with n-C4H9Li to give the lithium compounds 6 and 8, respectively. 6 crystallizes in hexane as a trimer with planar three-coordinated lithium, bonded to two Si-O atoms and one Si - F atom. 8 reacts in THF with LiF elimination to give cyclotrisiloxane 9. The chlorosilanol 2 is prepared by hydroxy-chlorine exchange in 1 with PCl5. The stable lithium derivative of 2 (3) forms a dimeric THF adduct with tetrahedral lithium.
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 493-498 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolines / Pseudobases, heterocyclic / Ring-chain tautomerism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In basis media, 4-substituted pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-2-imine hydrochlorides (4) constitute an equilibrium system involving the tautomeric forms characteristic of pseudobases 5, 6, 7 and the anhydro base 9. In aqueous solution in the pH range 7-13 the ammonium hydroxide form 5 is present. Between pH 13 and 14 the pseudobase 6 probably arises from this by covalent binding of the hydroxy group. 6 is then converted to the more stable imino type anhydrobase 9. Ring cleavage of 4 by excess alkali or of 9 by a small amount of water gives 1-(acylamidinomethylen)isoquinolines 7. Compounds 7 and 9 are stable in the solid state or in aprotic solutions but revert to cation 5 in dilute protic solutions.
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