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  • Atmosphere-ocean system
  • Salinity
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (9)
  • American Meteorological Society  (3)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 2005-2009  (11)
  • 1975-1979
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Year
  • 1
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    Using Temperature–Salinity Relations in a Global Ocean Implementation of a Multivariate Data Assimilation Scheme (2008)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper results from the application of an ocean data assimilation (ODA) system, combining a multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolator (OI) scheme with a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM), are described. The present ODA system, designed to assimilate in situ temperature and salinity observations, has been used to produce ocean reanalyses for the 1962–2001 period. The impact of assimilating observed hydrographic data on the ocean mean state and temporal variability is evaluated. A special focus of this work is on the ODA system skill in reproducing a realistic ocean salinity state. Results from a hierarchy of different salinity reanalyses, using varying combinations of assimilated data and background error covariance structures, are described. The impact of the space and time resolution of the background error covariance parameterization on salinity is addressed.
    Description: This work has been funded by the ENACT Project (Contract EVK2-CT2001-00117) for A. Bellucci and P. Di Pietro, and partially by the ENSEMBLES Project (Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539) for A. Bellucci.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3785-3807
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ocean modelling ; data assimilation ; reanalysis ; upper ocean variability ; temperature ; Salinity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The Role of the Land Surface Background State in Climate Predictability (2005)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Skill in ensemble-mean dynamical seasonal climate hindcasts with a coupled land-atmosphere model and specified observed sea surface temperature is compared to that for long multi-decade integrations of the same model where the initial conditions are far removed from the seasons of validation. The evaluations are performed for surface temperature and compared among all seasons. Skill is found to be higher in the seasonal simulations than the multi-decadal integrations except during boreal winter. The higher skill is prominent even beyond the first month when the direct influence of the atmospheric initial state elevates model skill. Skill is generally found to be lowest during the winter season for the dynamical seasonal forecasts, equal to that of the long integrations, which show some of the highest skill during winter. The reason for the differences in skill during the non-winter months is attributed to the severe climate drift in the long simulations, manifest through errors in downward fluxes of water and energy over land and evident in soil wetness. The drift presses the land surface to extreme dry or wet states over much of the globe, into a range where there is little sensitivity of evaporation to fluctuations in soil moisture. Thus, the land-atmosphere feedback is suppressed, which appears to lessen the model’s ability to respond correctly over land to remote ocean temperature anomalies.
    Description: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Atmosphere-ocean system
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Format: 503454 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    The barrier layer effect on the heat and freshwater balance from moored observations in the eastern Pacific fresh pool (2022)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 52(8), (2022): 1705-1730, https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0243.1.
    Description: Formation and evolution of barrier layers (BLs) and associated temperature inversions (TIs) were investigated using a 1-yr time series of oceanic and air–sea surface observations from three moorings deployed in the eastern Pacific fresh pool. BL thickness and TI amplitude showed a seasonality with maxima in boreal summer and autumn when BLs were persistently present. Mixed layer salinity (MLS) and mixed layer temperature (MLT) budgets were constructed to investigate the formation mechanism of BLs and TIs. The MLS budget showed that BLs were initially formed in response to horizontal advection of freshwater in boreal summer and then primarily maintained by precipitation. The MLT budget revealed that penetration of shortwave radiation through the mixed layer base is the dominant contributor to TI formation through subsurface warming. Geostrophic advection is a secondary contributor to TI formation through surface cooling. When the BL exists, the cooling effect from entrainment and the warming effect from detrainment are both significantly reduced. In addition, when the BL is associated with the presence of a TI, entrainment works to warm the mixed layer. The presence of BLs makes the shallower mixed layer more sensitive to surface heat and freshwater fluxes, acting to enhance the formation of TIs that increase the subsurface warming via shortwave penetration.
    Description: SK is supported by JSPS Overseas Research Fellowships. JS and SK are supported by NASA Grant 80NSSC18K1500. JTF and the mooring deployment were funded by NASA Grants NNX15AG20G and 80NSSC18K1494. DZ is supported by NASA Grant 80NSSC18K1499. This publication is partially funded by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271, Contribution 2021-1152. This is PMEL Contribution 5268.
    Description: 2023-01-27
    Keywords: Ocean ; North Pacific Ocean ; Tropics ; Entrainment ; Oceanic mixed layer ; Salinity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
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    Deep drilling into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-28
    Description: Samples from a 1.76-kilometer-deep corehole drilled near the center of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (Virginia, USA) reveal its geologic, hydrologic, and biologic history. We conducted stratigraphic and petrologic analyses of the cores to elucidate the timing and results of impact-melt creation and distribution, transient-cavity collapse, and ocean-water resurge. Comparison of post-impact sedimentary sequences inside and outside the structure indicates that compaction of the crater fill influenced long-term sedimentation patterns in the mid-Atlantic region. Salty connate water of the target remains in the crater fill today, where it poses a potential threat to the regional groundwater resource. Observed depth variations in microbial abundance indicate a complex history of impact-related thermal sterilization and habitat modification, and subsequent post-impact repopulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gohn, G S -- Koeberl, C -- Miller, K G -- Reimold, W U -- Browning, J V -- Cockell, C S -- Horton, J W Jr -- Kenkmann, T -- Kulpecz, A A -- Powars, D S -- Sanford, W E -- Voytek, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 27;320(5884):1740-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1158708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA. ggohn@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18583604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry/*microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Salinity ; Seawater ; Time ; Virginia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Climate. Blooms like it hot (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paerl, Hans W -- Huisman, Jef -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):57-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1155398.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA. hpaerl@email.unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; Cyanobacteria/*growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Salinity ; Temperature ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Ecology. Controlling eutrophication: nitrogen and phosphorus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conley, Daniel J -- Paerl, Hans W -- Howarth, Robert W -- Boesch, Donald F -- Seitzinger, Sybil P -- Havens, Karl E -- Lancelot, Christiane -- Likens, Gene E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1014-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167755.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Department of Geology, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. daniel.conley@geol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/growth & development/metabolism ; *Eutrophication ; Fresh Water/*chemistry/microbiology ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Nitrogen/*analysis/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phosphorus/*analysis/metabolism ; Salinity ; Seawater/*chemistry/microbiology ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Ecology. Crops for a salinized world (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rozema, Jelte -- Flowers, Timothy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1478-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1168572.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. jelte.rozema@falw.vu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Biomass ; Biotechnology ; *Crops, Agricultural/genetics/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Fresh Water/chemistry ; Salinity ; *Salt-Tolerance/genetics ; *Salt-Tolerant Plants/genetics/growth & development ; Seawater ; Soil/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Evidence of global chlorophyll d (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: Although analyses of chlorophyll d (Chl d)-dominated oxygenic photosystems have been conducted since their discovery 12 years ago, Chl d distribution in the environment and quantitative importance for aquatic photosynthesis remain to be investigated. We analyzed the pigment compositions of surface sediments and detected Chl d and its derivatives from diverse aquatic environments. Our data show that the viable habitat for Chl d-producing phototrophs extends across salinities of 0 to 50 practical salinity units and temperatures of 1 degrees to 40 degrees C, suggesting that Chl d production can be ubiquitously observed in aquatic environments that receive near-infrared light. The relative abundances of Chl d derivatives over that of Chl a derivatives in the studied samples are up to 4%, further suggesting that Chl d-based photosynthesis plays a quantitatively important role in the aquatic photosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kashiyama, Y -- Miyashita, H -- Ohkubo, S -- Ogawa, N O -- Chikaraishi, Y -- Takano, Y -- Suga, H -- Toyofuku, T -- Nomaki, H -- Kitazato, H -- Nagata, T -- Ohkouchi, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):658. doi: 10.1126/science.1158761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. chiro@jamstec.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chlorophyll/*analysis/*metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water/chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; *Photosynthesis ; Phototrophic Processes ; Salinity ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature ; *Water/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Water activity and the challenge for life on early Mars (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: In situ and orbital exploration of the martian surface has shown that acidic, saline liquid water was intermittently available on ancient Mars. The habitability of these waters depends critically on water activity (aH2O), a thermodynamic measure of salinity, which, for terrestrial organisms, has sharply defined limits. Using constraints on fluid chemistry and saline mineralogy based on martian data, we calculated the maximum aH2O for Meridiani Planum and other environments where salts precipitated from martian brines. Our calculations indicate that the salinity of well-documented surface waters often exceeded levels tolerated by known terrestrial organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tosca, Nicholas J -- Knoll, Andrew H -- McLennan, Scott M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1204-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1155432.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ntosca@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Life ; *Mars ; Salinity ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Smallest algae thrive as the Arctic Ocean freshens (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: As climate changes and the upper Arctic Ocean receives more heat and fresh water, it becomes more difficult for mixing processes to deliver nutrients from depth to the surface for phytoplankton growth. Competitive advantage will presumably accrue to small cells because they are more effective in acquiring nutrients and less susceptible to gravitational settling than large cells. Since 2004, we have discerned an increase in the smallest algae and bacteria along with a concomitant decrease in somewhat larger algae. If this trend toward a community of smaller cells is sustained, it may lead to reduced biological production at higher trophic levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, William K W -- McLaughlin, Fiona A -- Lovejoy, Connie -- Carmack, Eddy C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):539. doi: 10.1126/science.1179798.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. LiB@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; Bacteria/cytology/growth & development ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/cytology/*growth & development ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/cytology/*growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Salinity ; *Seawater/chemistry/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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