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  • American Physical Society (APS)  (74,347)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2020-2024  (16)
  • 2010-2014  (74,355)
  • 1980-1984  (20,446)
  • 1950-1954  (2,487)
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  • 1
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    Wind as a main driver of the net ecosystem carbon balance of a semiarid Mediterranean steppe in the South East of Spain (2012)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Despite the advance in our understanding of the carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, semiarid ecosystems have been poorly investigated and little is known about their role in the global carbon balance. We used eddy covariance measurements to determine the exchange of CO2 between a semiarid steppe and the atmosphere over 3 years. The vegetation is a perennial grassland of Stipa tenacissima L. located in the SE of Spain. We examined diurnal, seasonal and interannual variations in the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) in relation to biophysical variables. Cumulative NECB was a net source of 65.7, 143.6 and 92.1 g C mˉ2 yrˉ1 for the 3 years studied, respectively. We separated the year into two distinctive periods: dry period and growing season. The ecosystem was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere, particularly during the dry period when large CO2 positive fluxes of up to 15 μmol mˉ2 sˉ1 were observed in concomitance with large wind speeds. Over the growing season, the ecosystem was a slight sink or neutral with maximum rates of -2.3 μmol mˉ2 sˉ1. Rainfall events caused large fluxes of CO2 to the atmosphere and determined the length of the growing season. In this season, photosynthetic photon flux density controlled day-time NECB just below 1000 μmol mˉ2 sˉ1. The analyses of the diurnal and seasonal data and preliminary geological and gas-geochemical evaluations, including C isotopic analyses, suggest that the CO2 released was not only biogenic but most likely included a component of geothermal origin, presumably related to deep fluids occurring in the area. These results highlight the importance of considering geological carbon sources, as well as the need to carefully interpret the results of eddy covariance partitioning techniques when applied in geologically active areas potentially affected by CO2-rich geofluid circulation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 539–554
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: alpha grass ; carbon sequestration ; ecosystem respiration ; eddy covariance ; geogas ; geothermal activity ; grasslands ; net ecosystem carbon balance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Strain and stress fields in the Southern Apennines (Italy) constrained by geodetic, seismological and borehole data (2012)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present an improved evaluation of the current strain and stress fields in Southern Apennines (Italy) obtained through a careful analysis of geodetic, seismological and borehole data. In particular, our analysis provides an updated comparison between the accrued strain recorded by geodetic data, and the strain released by seismic activity in a region hit by destructive historical earthquakes. To this end, we have used 9 years of GPS observations (2001-2010) from a dense network of permanent stations, a dataset of 73 well constrained stress indicators (borehole breakouts and focal mechanisms of moderate to large earthquakes), and published estimations of the geological strain accommodated by active faults in the region. Although geodetic data are generally consistent with seismic and geologic information, previously unknown features of the current deformation in southern Italy emerge from this analysis. The newly obtained GPS velocity field supports the well-established notion of a dominant NE-SW-oriented extension concentrated in a ~50 km wide belt along the topographic relief of the Apennines, as outlined by the distribution of seismogenic normal faults. Geodetic deformation is, however, non uniform along the belt, with two patches of higher strain-rate and shear stress accumulation in the north (Matese Mountains) and in the south (Irpinia area). Low geodetic strain-rates are found in the Bradano basin and Apulia plateau to the east. Along the Ionian Sea margin of southern Italy, in southern Apulia and eastern Basilicata and Calabria, geodetic velocities indicate NW-SE extension which is consistent with active shallow-crustal gravitational motion documented by geological studies. In the west, along the Tyrrhenian margin of the Campania region, the tectonic geodetic field is disturbed by volcanic processes. Comparison between the magnitude of the geodetic and the seismic strain-rates (computed using a long historical seismicity catalogue) allow detecting areas of high correlation, particularly along the axis of the mountain chain, indicating that most of the geodetic strain is released by earthquakes. This relation does not hold for the instrumental seismic catalogue, as a consequence of the limited time span covered by instrumental data. In other areas (e.g. Murge plateau in central Apulia), where seismicity is very low or absent, the yet appreciable geodetic deformation might be accommodated in aseismic mode. Overall, the excellent match between the stress and the strain-rate directions in much of the Apennines indicates that both earthquakes and ground deformation patterns are driven by the same crustal forces.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1270-1282
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Satellite geodesy ; Plate motions ; Neotectonics ; Europe ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Magma intrusion mechanisms and redistribution of seismogenic stress at Mt. Etna volcano (1997–1998) (2012)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Several volcanoes worldwide have shown changes in their stress state as a consequence of the deformation produced by the pressurization of a magmatic body. This study investigates seismic swarms occurring on the western flank of Mt. Etna in January 1997 - January 1998. Integrating seismic observations and geodetic data, we constrained the seismogenic fault system, and on the basis of stress tensor inversion and SHMAX analyses, we infer an inflating pressure source located at 5.5 km b.s.l. beneath the west portion of summit area. Evaluation of Coulomb failure stress (CFS) related to the proposed model, showed how a large part of the seismogenic fault underwent a significant CFS increase (500 kPa). We infer the presence of a sub-vertical faulted region, potentially weak, N50°E oriented beneath the western sector of Mt. Etna. This structure could be brought closer to failure thereby generating seismic swarms as the effect of elastic stress transfer induced by movement and/or overpressure of magmatic masses within the upper crust under the volcano.
    Description: This research was funded by the INGV–DPC 2007–2009 Agreement (Project V4_Flank).
    Description: Published
    Description: 339-348
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna ; modelling ; Seismicity ; GPS monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Evidence for surface rupture associated with the Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake sequence of April 2009 (central Italy) (2010)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: An earthquake of Mw=6.3 struck L’Aquila town (central Italy) on April 6, 2009 rupturing an approximately 18 km long SW-dipping normal fault. The aftershock area extended for a length of more than 35 km and included major aftershocks on April 7 and 9, and thousands of minor events. Surface faulting occurred along the SW-dipping Paganica fault with a continuous extent of ~2.5 km. Ruptures consist of open cracks and vertical dislocations or warps (0.1 maximum throw) with an orientation of N130°-N140°. Small triggered slip and shaking effects also took place along nearby synthetic and antithetic normal faults. The observed limited extent, and small surface displacement, of the Paganica ruptures with respect to the height of the fault scarps and vertical throws of paleoearthquakes along faults in the area, puts the faulting associated with the L’Aquila earthquake in perspective with respect to the maximum expected magnitude, and the regional seismic hazard.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence ; co-seismic surface effects ; earthquake geology ; normal faulting earthquake ; Abruzzi, central Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Diffuse hydrothermal methane output and evidence of methanotrophic activity within the soils at Sousaki (Greece) (2011)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Methane soil flux measurements have been made in 38 sites at the geothermal system of Sousaki (Greece) with the closed chamber method. Fluxes range from –47.6 to 29,150 mg m-2 d-1 and the diffuse CH4 output of the system has been estimated at 19 t a-1. Contemporaneous CO2 flux measurements showed a moderate positive correlation between CO2 and CH4 fluxes. Comparison of the CO2/CH4 soil flux ratios with the CO2/CH4 ratio of the gases of the main gas manifestations provided evidence for methanotrophic activity within the soil. Laboratory CH4 consumption experiments confirmed the presence of methanotrophic microorganisms in soil samples collected at Sousaki. Consumption was generally in the range from –4.9 to –38.9 pmolCH4 h-1 g-1 but could sometimes reach extremely high values (–33,000 pmolCH4 h-1 g-1.). These results are consistent with recent studies on other geothermal systems that revealed the existence of thermoacidophilic bacteria exerting methanotrophic activity in hot, acid soils, thereby reducing methane emissions to the atmosphere.
    Description: Published
    Description: 97–107
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sousaki ; accumulation chamber ; soil degassing ; hydrothermal systems ; methane output ; methanotrophic activity ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    EPcrust : A reference crustal model for the European plate (2011)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a new crustal model for the European plate, derived from collection and critical integration of information selected from the literature. The model covers the whole European plate from North Africa to the North Pole (20N - 90N) and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Urals (40W - 70E). The chosen parameterization represents the crust in three layers (sediments, upper crust and lower crust), and describes the 3D geometry of the interfaces and seismologically-relevant parameters — isotropic P- and S-wave velocity, plus density — with a resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 degrees on a geographical latitude-longitude grid. We selected global and local models, derived from geological assumptions, active seismic experiments, surface-wave studies, noise correlation, receiver functions. Model EPcrust presents significant advantages with respect to previous models: it covers the whole European plate; it is a complete and internally-consistent model (with all the parameters provided, also for the sedimentary layer); it is reproducible; it is easy to update in the future by adding new contributions; and it is available in a convenient digital format. EPcrust could be used to account for crustal structure in seismic wave propagation modeling at continental scale or to compute linearized crustal corrections in continental-scale seismic tomography, gravity studies, dynamic topography and other applications that require a reliable crustal structure. Because of its resolution, our model is not suited for local-scale studies, such as the computation of earthquake scenarios, where more detailed knowledge of the structure is required. We plan to update the model as new data will become available, and possibly improve its resolution for selected areas in the future.
    Description: Published
    Description: 352-364
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Europe ; crust ; crustal properties ; Moho ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Evidence for surface rupture associated with the Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake sequence of April 2009 (central Italy) (2010)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: An earthquake of Mw = 6.3 struck L Aquila town (central Italy) on 6 April 2009 rupturing an ~18-km-long SW-dipping normal fault. The aftershock area extended for a length of more than 35 km and included major aftershocks on 7 and 9 April and thousands of minor events. Surface faulting occurred along the SW-dipping Paganica fault with a continuous extent of ~2.5 km. Ruptures consist of open cracks and vertical dislocations or warps (0.1m maximum throw) with an orientation of N130°–140°. Small triggered slip and shaking effects also took place along nearby synthetic and antithetic normal faults. The observed limited extent and small surface displacement of the Paganica ruptures with respect to the height of the fault scarps and vertical throws of palaeo-earthquakes along faults in the area put the faulting associated with the L' Aquila earthquake in perspective with respect to the maximum expected magnitude and the regional seismic hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: 43-51
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: surface faulting from moderate earthquake ; coseismic effects ; L'Aquila earthquake ; cemtral Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Geofluids and natural gas in Romania, and the 10th International Conference on Gas Geochemistry (2010)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This thematic issue of Geofluids includes 11 papers representing the three main topics discussed in the 10th edition of the International Conference on Gas Geochemistry (ICGG-10): (i) gas in petroleum systems and seepage, (ii) gas in geothermal systems and volcanoes and (iii) gas, seismicity and geohazards. ICGG-10 was held in 2009 in Romania, a country extraordinarily rich in surface gas manifestations, that offers innumerable opportunities for innovative studies on gas geochemistry. We briefly describe the present knowledge on gases occurring both in petroliferous sedimentary basins and geothermal areas of Romania. The 11 contributions of this special issue, which include data from eight countries, are then summarised. Based on these papers and other works presented at the ICGG-10, we find that significant advances in analytical capabilities, data treating and interpretation have led to innovative insights into the origin, distribution and environmental impact of gases migrating to the Earth’s surface. It is increasingly clear, in particular, that gas geochemistry can be more effective for petroleum exploration, volcano-tectonic, geodynamic and environmental studies, if multiparametric studies are performed and the data are interpreted in the geological context.
    Description: Published
    Description: 457-462
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: geothermal gas ; international conference on gas geochemistry ; natural gas ; romania ; seeps ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Methane emission from natural gas seeps and mud volcanoes in Transylvania (Romania) (2010)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Gas seepage from petroleum basins is the second largest natural source of methane to the atmosphere, after wetlands. The uncertainty in global emission estimates should be reduced by extending the flux database which is fundamental for defining the emission factors and the actual area of seepage adopted for up-scaling. As a contribution to this goal, we report a new seepage data-set for the Transylvanian Basin, one of the largest natural gas producing regions of Europe, that is characterized by the widespread occurrence of natural leakages of gas at the surface, including at least 73 mud volcanoes and gas seeps. In this study, methane flux was measured using closed-chambers, from 12 seepage sites, in correspondence with focused gas vents (mud volcano craters, bubbling pools, and flammable gas leaks), in the soil surrounding the vents, and at 15 sites located far from macroseep zones but close to gas fields. Fluxes from individual vents (macro-seeps) were found to reach orders of kg CH4 m)2 day)1 (up to 12 kg m)2 day)1) and diffuse fluxes from soils (miniseepage) were found to be up to a few g CH4 m)2 day)1. Far from seep zones, positive CH4 fluxes (microseepage) may occur locally, typically on the order of tens to hundreds of mg m)2 day)1. The values, as well as the occurrence of seepage even far from vent zones and in mud volcanoes that are apparently extinct, are coherent with results obtained in other countries. Gas fluxes from macro-seeps and soils may change seasonally, but the interannual variation of the average emission factor was found to be minimal. The total CH4 output for Transylvania macro-seeps is estimated conservatively to be around 680 t year)1; the total geo-CH4 seepage emission from the Transylvania petroleum system could be approximately 40 · 103 t year)1, and at least 100 · 103 t year)1 for all Romanian petroleum systems, that is roughly 10% of the total anthropogenic CH4 emission in the country.
    Description: Published
    Description: 463-475
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: gas reservoirs ; methane emissions ; mud volcanoes ; seeps ; Transylvanian Basin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Origin and flux of a gas seep in the Northern Alps (Giswil, Switzerland) (2010)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Natural gas seeps in the Alpine region are poorly investigated. However, they can provide useful information regarding the hydrocarbon potential of sedimentary Alpine units and related geofluid migration, typically controlled by pressurized gas accumulations and tectonics. A gas seep located near Giswil, in the Swiss Northern Alps, was investigated, for the first time, for molecular and isotopic gas composition, methane flux to the atmosphere, and gas flux variations over time. The analyses indicated that the gas was thermogenic (CH4 〉 96%; d13C1: )35.5& to )40.2&) and showed evidence of subsurface petroleum biodegradation (13C-enriched CO2, and very low C3+ concentrations). The source rock in the region is marine Type II kerogen, which is likely the same as that providing thermogenic gas in the nearby Wilen shallow well, close to Lake Sarnen. However, the lack of d13CCO2 and d13C3 data for that well prevented us from determining whether the Wilen and Giswil seeps are fed by the same reservoir and seepage system. Gas fluxes from the Giswil seep, measured using a closedchamber system, were significant and mainly from two major vents. However, a substantial gas exhalation from the soil occurs diffusely in an area of at least 115 m2, leading to a total CH4 output conservatively estimated to be at least 16 tonnes per year. Gas flux variations, monitored over a 1-month period by a special tent and flowmeter, showed not only daily meteorological oscillations, but also an intrinsic ‘pulsation’ with periods of enhanced flux that lasted 2–6 h each, occurring every few days. The pulses are likely related to episodes of gas pressure build-up and discharge along the seepage system. However, to date, no relationship to seismicity in the active Sarnen strike-slip fault system has been established.
    Description: Published
    Description: 476-485
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Alps ; isotopes ; methane ; organic geochemistry ; seeps ; Switzerland ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Non‐exchangeable stable hydrogen isotope ratios in clay minerals and soil clay fractions: A method test (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H values) in structural hydroxyl groups of pedogenic clay minerals are inherited from the surrounding water at the time of their formation. Only non‐exchangeable H preserves the environmental forensic and paleoclimate information (δ2Hn value). To measure δ2Hn values in structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions, we adapted a steam equilibration method by accounting for high hygroscopicity. Our δ2Hn values for USGS57 biotite (−95.3 ± SD 0.9‰) and USGS58 muscovite (30.7 ± 1.4‰) differed slightly but significantly from the reported δ2H values (−91.5 ± 2.4‰ and −28.4 ± 1.6‰), because the minerals contained 1.1%–4.4% of exchangeable H. The low SD of replicate measurements (n = 3) confirmed a high precision. The clay separation method including destruction of Fe oxides, carbonates and soil organic matter, and dispersion did not significantly change the δ2Hn values of five different clay minerals. However, we were unable to remove all organic matter from the soil clay fractions resulting in an estimated bias of 1‰ in two samples and 15‰ in the carbon‐richest sample. Our results demonstrate that δ2Hn values of structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions can be reliably measured without interference from atmospheric water and the method used to separate the soil clay fraction. Highlights We tested steam equilibration to determine stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay. Gas‐tight capsule sealing in Ar atmosphere was necessary to avoid remoistening. Our steam equilibration method showed a high accuracy and precision. The clay separation method did not change stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; controlled isotope exchange technique ; deuterium ; montmorillonite ; soil clay separation ; soil organic matter removal ; steam equilibration ; structural H ; USGS57 biotite ; vermiculite ; δ2H
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Critical Drift in a Neuro-Inspired Adaptive Network (2023)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    In:  EPIC3Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society (APS), 130(18), pp. 188401-188401, ISSN: 0031-9007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: It has been postulated that the brain operates in a self-organized critical state that brings multiple benefits, such as optimal sensitivity to input. Thus far, self-organized criticality has typically been depicted as a one-dimensional process, where one parameter is tuned to a critical value. However, the number of adjustable parameters in the brain is vast, and hence critical states can be expected to occupy a high-dimensional manifold inside a high-dimensional parameter space. Here, we show that adaptation rules inspired by homeostatic plasticity drive a neuro-inspired network to drift on a critical manifold, where the system is poised between inactivity and persistent activity. During the drift, global network parameters continue to change while the system remains at criticality.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 13
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    Master stability functions for metacommunities with two types of habitats (2022)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    In:  EPIC3Physical Review E, American Physical Society (APS), 105(4), pp. 044310-044310, ISSN: 2470-0045
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: Current questions in ecology revolve around instabilities in the dynamics on spatial networks and particularly the effect of node heterogeneity. We extend the master stability function formalism to inhomogeneous biregular networks having two types of spatial nodes. Notably, this class of systems also allows the investigation of certain types of dynamics on higher-order networks. Combined with the generalized modeling approach to study the linear stability of steady states, this is a powerful tool to numerically asses the stability of large ensembles of systems. We analyze the stability of ecological metacommunities with two distinct types of habitats analytically and numerically in order to identify several sets of conditions under which the dynamics can become stabilized by dispersal. Our analytical approach allows general insights into stabilizing and destabilizing effects in metapopulations. Specifically, we identify self-regulation and negative feedback loops between source and sink populations as stabilizing mechanisms and we show that maladaptive dispersal may be stable under certain conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Potential erodibility of semi‐arid steppe soils derived from aggregate stability tests (2022)
    Koza, Moritz ; Pöhlitz, Julia ; Prays, Aleksey ; [et al.]
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-26
    Description: Erosion is a severe threat to the sustainable use of agricultural soils. However, the structural resistance of soil against the disruptive forces steppe soils experience under field conditions has not been investigated. Therefore, 132 topsoils under grass‐ and cropland covering a large range of physico‐chemical soil properties (sand: 2–76%, silt: 18–80%, clay: 6–30%, organic carbon: 7.3–64.2 g kg−1, inorganic carbon: 0.0–8.5 g kg−1, pH: 4.8–9.5, electrical conductivity: 32–946 μS cm−1) from northern Kazakhstan were assessed for their potential erodibility using several tests. An adjusted drop‐shatter method (low energy input of 60 Joule on a 250‐cm3 soil block) was used to estimate the stability of dry soil against weak mechanical forces, such as saltating particles striking the surface causing wind erosion. Three wetting treatments with various conditions and energies (fast wetting, slow wetting, and wet shaking) were applied to simulate different disruptive effects of water. Results indicate that aggregate stability was higher for grassland than cropland soils and declined with decreasing soil organic carbon content. The results of the drop‐shatter test suggested that 29% of the soils under cropland were at risk of wind erosion, but only 6% were at high risk (i.e. erodible fraction 〉60%). In contrast, the fast wetting treatment revealed that 54% of the samples were prone to become “very unstable” and 44% “unstable” during heavy rain or snowmelt events. Even under conditions comparable to light rain events or raindrop impact, 53–59% of the samples were “unstable.” Overall, cropland soils under semi‐arid conditions seem much more susceptible to water than wind erosion. Considering future projections of increasing precipitation in Kazakhstan, we conclude that the risk of water erosion is potentially underestimated and needs to be taken into account when developing sustainable land use strategies. Highlights Organic matter is the important binding agent enhancing aggregation in steppe topsoils. Tillage always declines aggregate stability even without soil organic carbon changes. All croplands soil are prone to wind or water erosion independent of their soil properties. Despite the semi‐arid conditions, erosion risk by water seems higher than by wind.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; climate change ; land use ; soil organic carbon ; soil texture ; water erosion ; wind erosion
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal‐rich Technosols (2022)
    Bonhage, Alexander ; Raab, Thomas ; Schneider, Anna ; [et al.]
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: Charcoal‐rich Technosols on century‐old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long‐term influence of biochar amendment and the post‐wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north‐western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy‐based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75% and 1862% increase in TOC and BPCA‐derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self‐humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA‐derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non‐pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now. Highlights BC to TOC ratio and high resolution vertical SOC distribution in 52 RCH sites were studied. RCH soils non‐BC pool was potentially different to reference soils. RCH soils feature TOC accumulation in the topmost horizon. There is BC translocation into buried soils on RCH sites.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; benzene polycarboxylated acid marker (BPCA) ; black carbon ; charcoal degradation ; charcoal kiln ; pyrogenic carbon ; relict charcoal hearth ; biochar
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Defining Hydrogeological Site Similarity with Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Hydrogeological information about an aquifer is difficult and costly to obtain, yet essential for the efficient management of groundwater resources. Transferring information from sampled sites to a specific site of interest can provide information when site‐specific data is lacking. Central to this approach is the notion of site similarity, which is necessary for determining relevant sites to include in the data transfer process. In this paper, we present a data‐driven method for defining site similarity. We apply this method to selecting groups of similar sites from which to derive prior distributions for the Bayesian estimation of hydraulic conductivity measurements at sites of interest. We conclude that there is now a unique opportunity to combine hydrogeological expertise with data‐driven methods to improve the predictive ability of stochastic hydrogeological models.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉〈italic〉Article impact statement〈/italic〉: This article introduces hierarchical clustering as a method for defining a notion of site similarity; the aim of this method is to improve the derivation of prior distributions in Bayesian methods in hydrogeology.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/geostatDB
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/exPrior
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/siteSimilarity
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; hydrogeological sites ; hydrogeological modeling
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Toward an adequate level of detail in flood risk assessments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Flood risk assessments require different disciplines to understand and model the underlying components hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Many methods and data sets have been refined considerably to cover more details of spatial, temporal, or process information. We compile case studies indicating that refined methods and data have a considerable effect on the overall assessment of flood risk. But are these improvements worth the effort? The adequate level of detail is typically unknown and prioritization of improvements in a specific component is hampered by the lack of an overarching view on flood risk. Consequently, creating the dilemma of potentially being too greedy or too wasteful with the resources available for a risk assessment. A “sweet spot” between those two would use methods and data sets that cover all relevant known processes without using resources inefficiently. We provide three key questions as a qualitative guidance toward this “sweet spot.” For quantitative decision support, more overarching case studies in various contexts are needed to reveal the sensitivity of the overall flood risk to individual components. This could also support the anticipation of unforeseen events like the flood event in Germany and Belgium in 2021 and increase the reliability of flood risk assessments.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: BMBF http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Federal Environment Agency http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010809
    Description: http://howas21.gfz-potsdam.de/howas21/
    Description: https://www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/startseite/themen/wasser/hochwasser_amp_kustenschutz/hochwasserrisikomanagement_richtlinie/hochwassergefahren_und_hochwasserrisikokarten/hochwasserkarten-121920.html
    Description: https://download.geofabrik.de/europe/germany.html
    Description: https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-components/EMSN024
    Description: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-0054
    Description: https://oasishub.co/dataset/surface-water-flooding-footprinthurricane-harvey-august-2017-jba
    Description: https://www.wasser.sachsen.de/hochwassergefahrenkarte-11915.html
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; decision support ; extreme events ; integrated flood risk management ; risk assessment
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Small lateral air pressure gradients generated by a large chamber system have a strong effect on CO2 transport in soil (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Gas transport in soils is usually assumed to be purely diffusive, although several studies have shown that non‐diffusive processes can significantly enhance soil gas transport. These processes include barometric air pressure changes, wind‐induced pressure pumping and static air pressure fields generated by wind interacting with obstacles. The associated pressure gradients in the soil can cause advective gas fluxes that are much larger than diffusive fluxes. However, the contributions of the respective transport processes are difficult to separate. We developed a large chamber system to simulate pressure fields and investigate their influence on soil gas transport. The chamber consists of four subspaces in which pressure is regulated by fans that blow air in or out of the chamber. With this setup, we conducted experiments with oscillating and static pressure fields. CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations were measured along two soil profiles beneath the chamber. We found a significant relationship between static lateral pressure gradients and the change in the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 profiles (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 0.53; 〈italic toggle="no"〉p〈/italic〉‐value 〈2e‐16). Even small pressure gradients between −1 and 1 Pa relative to ambient pressure resulted in an increase or decrease in CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations of 8% on average in the upper soil, indicating advective flow of air in the pore space. Positive pressure gradients resulted in decreasing, negative pressure gradients in increasing CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations. The concentration changes were probably caused by an advective flow field in the soil beneath the chamber generated by the pressure gradients. No effect of oscillating pressure fields was observed in this study. The results indicate that static lateral pressure gradients have a substantial impact on soil gas transport and therefore are an important driver of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. Lateral pressure gradients in a comparable range can be induced under windy conditions when wind interacts with terrain features. They can also be caused by chambers used for flux measurements at high wind speed or by fans used for head‐space mixing within the chambers, which yields biased flux estimates.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; advective flux ; chamber flux measurements ; static air pressure fields ; wind‐induced pressure pumping
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Redoxtrons – An experimental system to study redox processes within the capillary fringe (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-18
    Description: Spatiotemporal characterisation of the soil redox status within the capillary fringe (CF) is a challenging task. Air‐filled porosities (ε), oxygen concentration (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) and soil redox potential (EH) are interrelated soil variables within active biogeochemical domains such as the CF. We investigated the impact of water table (WT) rise and drainage in an undisturbed topsoil and subsoil sample taken from a Calcaric Gleysol for a period of 46 days. We merged 1D (EH and matric potential) and 2D (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) systems to monitor at high spatiotemporal resolution redox dynamics within self‐constructed redoxtron housings and complemented the data set by a 3D pore network characterization using X‐ray microtomography (X‐ray μCT). Depletion of O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was faster in the organic matter‐ and clay‐rich aggregated topsoil and the CF extended 〉10 cm above the artificial WT. The homogeneous and less‐aggregated subsoil extended only 4 cm above the WT as indicated by ε–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉–EH data during saturation. After drainage, 2D O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 imaging revealed a fast aeration towards the lower depths of the topsoil, which agrees with the connected ε derived by X‐ray μCT (ε〈sub〉CT_conn〈/sub〉) of 14.9% of the total porosity. However, small‐scaled anoxic domains with O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 saturation 〈5% were apparent even after lowering the WT (down to 0.25 cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 in size) for 23 days. These domains remained a nucleus for reducing soil conditions (E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 〈 −100 mV), which made it challenging to characterise the soil redox status in the CF. In contrast, the subsoil aeration reached O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 saturation after 8 days for the complete soil volume. Values of ε〈sub〉CT_conn〈/sub〉 around zero in the subsoil highlighted that soil aeration was independent of this parameter suggesting that other variables such as microbial activity must be considered when predicting the soil redox status from ε alone. The use of redoxtrons in combination with localised redox‐measurements and image based pore space analysis resulted in a better 2D/3D characterisation of the pore system and related O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 transport properties. This allowed us to analyse the distribution and activity of microbiological niches highly associated with the spatiotemporal variable redox dynamics in soil environments. Highlights: The time needed to turn from reducing to oxidising (period where all platinum electrodes feature E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 〉 300 mV) condition differ for two samples with contrasting soil structure. The subsoil with presumably low O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 consumption rates aerated considerably faster than the topsoil and exclusively by O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 diffusion through medium‐ and fine‐sized pores. To derive the soil redox status based upon the triplet ε–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉–E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 is challenging at present in heterogeneous soil domains and larger soil volumes than 250 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. Undisturbed soil sampling along with 2D/3D redox measurement systems (e.g., redoxtrons) improve our understanding of redox dynamics within the capillary fringe.
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; environmental monitoring ; incubation experiments ; redox processes ; soil reducing conditions ; undisturbed soil ; X‐ray microtomography
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    The dilemma of analytical method changes for soil organic carbon in long‐term experiments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈sec xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ejss13362-sec-1003" xml:lang="en"〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Long‐term experiments (LTEs) have provided data to modellers and agronomists to investigate changes and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under different cropping systems. As treatment changes have occurred due to agricultural advancements, so too have analytical soil methods. This may lead to method bias over time, which could affect the robust interpretation of data and conclusions drawn. This study aims to quantify differences in SOC due to changes in dry combustion methods over time, using soil samples of a LTE established in 1963 that focuses on mineral and organic fertilizer management in the temperate zone of Northeast Germany. For this purpose, 1059 soil samples, collected between 1976 and 2008, have been analysed twice, once with their historical laboratory method right after sampling, and a second time in 2016 when all samples were analysed using the same elementary analyser. In 9 of 11 soil sampling campaigns, a paired 〈italic toggle="no"〉t〈/italic〉‐test provided evidence for significant differences in the historical SOC values when compared with the re‐analysed concentrations of the same LTE sample. In the sampling years 1988 and 2004, the historical analysis obtained about 0.9 g kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 lower SOC compared with the re‐analysed one. For 1990 and 1998, this difference was about 0.4 g kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Correction factors, an approach often used to correct for different analytical techniques, could only be applied for 5 of 11 sampling campaigns to account for constant and proportional systematic method error. For this particular LTE, the interpretation of SOC changes due to agronomic management (here fertilization) deviates depending on the analytical method used, which may weaken the explanatory power of the historical data. We demonstrate that analytical method changes over time present one of many challenges in the interpretation of time series data of SOC dynamics. Therefore, LTE site managers need to ensure providing all necessary protocols and data in order to retrace method changes and if necessary recalculate SOC.〈/p〉 〈/sec〉〈sec xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ejss13362-sec-0003" xml:lang="en"〉 〈title〉Highlights〈/title〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉〈list list-type="bullet" id="ejss13362-list-0001"〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0001"〉〈p〉A total of 1059 LTE soil samples taken between 1976 and 2008 were re‐analysed for SOC in 2016〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0002"〉〈p〉Several methodological changes for SOC determination led to significant different SOC concentration in the same sample〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0003"〉〈p〉Interpretation and time series of LTE soil data suffer from consideration of analytical method changes and poor documentation of the same〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0004"〉〈p〉Soil archive establishment, thorough method protocols and diligent proficiency testing after soil method changes ameliorate the dilemma〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉〈/p〉 〈/sec〉
    Description: Brandenburger Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004581
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
    Description: https://doi.org/10.4228/zalf-acge-b683
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; Bland–Altman ; carbon stocks ; data trueness ; Deming regression ; method bias ; soil archive ; soil survey
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Optimised use of data fusion and memory‐based learning with an Austrian soil library for predictions with infrared data (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Infrared spectroscopy in the visible to near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) regions is a well‐established approach for the prediction of soil properties. Different data fusion and training approaches exist, and the optimal procedures are yet undefined and may depend on the heterogeneity present in the set and on the considered scale. The objectives were to test the usefulness of partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) for soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉), total nitrogen (N〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) and pH using vis–NIR and MIR spectroscopy for an independent validation after standard calibration (use of a general PLSR model) or using memory‐based learning (MBL) with and without spiking for a national spectral database. Data fusion approaches were simple concatenation of spectra, outer product analysis (OPA) and model averaging. In total, 481 soils from an Austrian forest soil archive were measured in the vis–NIR and MIR regions, and regressions were calculated. Fivefold calibration‐validation approaches were carried out with a region‐related split of spectra to implement independent validations with n ranging from 47 to 99 soils in different folds. MIR predictions were generally superior over vis–NIR predictions. For all properties, optimal predictions were obtained with data fusion, with OPA and spectra concatenation outperforming model averaging. The greatest robustness of performance was found for OPA and MBL with spiking with 〈italic toggle="no"〉R〈/italic〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 ≥ 0.77 (N), 0.85 (SOC), 0.86 (pH) and 0.88 (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) in the validations of all folds. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of OPA for vis–NIR and MIR spectra with MBL and spiking has a high potential to accurately estimate properties when using large‐scale soil spectral libraries as reference data. However, the reduction of cost‐effectiveness using two spectrometers needs to be weighed against the potential increase in accuracy compared to a single MIR spectroscopy approach.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; data fusion ; independent validation ; infrared spectroscopy ; MBL ; nitrogen ; outer product analysis ; pH ; soil organic carbon ; spiking ; total carbon
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Importance of catchment hydrological processes and calibration of hydrological‐hydrodynamic rainfall‐runoff models in small rural catchments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉In recent years, many two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models have been extended to include the direct rainfall method (DRM). This allows their application as a hydrological‐hydrodynamic model for the determination of floodplains in one model system. In previous studies on DRM, the role of catchment hydrological processes (CaHyPro) and its interaction with the calibration process was not investigated in detail. In the present, case‐oriented study, the influence of the spatiotemporal distribution of the processes precipitation and runoff formation in combination with the 2D model HEC‐RAS is investigated. In a further step, a conceptual approach for event‐based interflow is integrated. The study is performed on the basis of a single storm event in a small rural catchment (low mountain range, 38 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) in Hesse (Germany). The model results are evaluated against six quality criteria and compared to a simplified baseline model. Finally, the calibrated improved model is contrasted with a calibrated baseline model. The results show the enhancement of the model results due to the integration of the CaHyPro and highlight its interplay with the calibrated model parameters.〈/p〉
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; 2D hydrodynamic modeling ; calibration ; direct rainfall modeling ; hydrological processes ; radar data ; runoff formation
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    BODIUM—A systemic approach to model the dynamics of soil functions (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The increasing demand for biomass for food, animal feed, fibre and bioenergy requires optimization of soil productivity, while at the same time, protecting other soil functions such as nutrient cycling and buffering, carbon storage, habitat for biological activity and water filter and storage. Therefore, one of the main challenges for sustainable agriculture is to produce high yields while maintaining all the other soil functions. Mechanistic simulation models are an essential tool to fully understand and predict the complex interactions between physical, biological and chemical processes of soils that generate those functions. We developed a soil model to simulate the impact of various agricultural management options and climate change on soil functions by integrating the relevant processes mechanistically and in a systemic way. As a special feature, we include the dynamics of soil structure induced by tillage and biological activity, which is especially relevant in arable soils. The model operates on a 1D soil profile consisting of a number of discrete layers with dynamic thickness. We demonstrate the model performance by simulating crop growth, root growth, nutrient and water uptake, nitrogen cycling, soil organic matter turnover, microbial activity, water distribution and soil structure dynamics in a long‐term field experiment including different crops and different types and levels of fertilization. The model is able to capture essential features that are measured regularly including crop yield, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen. In this way, the plausibility of the implemented processes and their interactions is confirmed. Furthermore, we present the results of explorative simulations comparing scenarios with and without tillage events to analyse the effect of soil structure on soil functions. Since the model is process‐based, we are confident that the model can also be used to predict quantities that have not been measured or to estimate the effect of management measures and climate states not yet been observed. The model thus has the potential to predict the site‐specific impact of management decisions on soil functions, which is of great importance for the development of a sustainable agriculture that is currently also on the agenda of the ‘Green Deal’ at the European level.〈/p〉
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://git.ufz.de/bodium/bodium_v1.0
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; agriculture ; computational model ; simulation ; soil microbiology ; soil structure ; sustainable soil
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Temperature and soil moisture change microbial allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Temperature and soil moisture are known to control pesticide mineralization. Half‐life times (DT〈sub〉50〈/sub〉) derived from pesticide mineralization curves generally indicate longer residence times at low soil temperature and moisture but do not consider potential changes in the microbial allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon (C). We aimed to determine carbon use efficiency (CUE, formation of new biomass relative to total C uptake) to better understand microbial utilization of pesticide‐derived C under different environmental conditions and to support the conventional description of degradation dynamics based on mineralization. We performed a microcosm experiment at two MCPA (2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid) concentrations (1 and 20 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) and defined 20°C/pF 1.8 as optimal and 10°C/pF 3.5 as limiting environmental conditions. After 4 weeks, 70% of the initially applied MCPA was mineralized under optimal conditions but MCPA mineralization reached less than 25% under limiting conditions. However, under limiting conditions, an increase in CUE was observed, indicating a shift towards anabolic utilization of MCPA‐derived C. In this case, increased C assimilation implied C storage or the formation of precursor compounds to support resistance mechanisms, rather than actual growth since we did not find an increase in the 〈italic toggle="no"〉tfdA〈/italic〉 gene relevant to MCPA degradation. We were able to confirm the assumption that under limiting conditions, C assimilation increases relative to mineralization and that C redistribution, may serve as an explanation for the difference between mineralization and MCPA dissipation‐derived degradation dynamics. In addition, by introducing CUE to the temperature‐ and moisture‐dependent degradation of pesticides, we can capture the underlying microbial constraints and adaptive mechanisms to changing environmental conditions.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Changing environmental conditions alter the MCPA degradation dynamics and the allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon to anabolic or catabolic metabolism.〈boxed-text position="anchor" content-type="graphic" id="ejss13417-blkfxd-0001" xml:lang="en"〉 〈graphic position="anchor" id="jats-graphic-1" xlink:href="urn:x-wiley:13510754:media:ejss13417:ejss13417-toc-0001"〉 〈/graphic〉 〈/boxed-text〉〈/p〉
    Description: Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (DFG)
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: DFG Priority Program 2322 “Soil System”
    Description: Ellrichshausen Foundation
    Description: Research Training Group “Integrated Hydrosystem modeling”
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5081655
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; anabolism ; carbon use efficiency ; catabolism ; effect of soil moisture and temperature ; gene‐centric process model ; MCPA biodegradation
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Reducing tillage intensity benefits the soil micro‐ and mesofauna in a global meta‐analysis (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Soil fauna drives crucial processes of energy and nutrient cycling in agricultural systems, and influences the quality of crops and pest incidence. Soil tillage is the most influential agricultural manipulation of soil structure, and has a profound influence on soil biology and its provision of ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to quantify through meta‐analyses the effects of reducing tillage intensity on density and diversity of soil micro‐ and mesofaunal communities, and how these effects vary among different pedoclimatic conditions and interact with concurrent management practices. We present the results of a global meta‐analysis of available literature data on the effects of different tillage intensities on taxonomic and functional groups of soil micro‐ and mesofauna. We collected paired observations (conventional vs. reduced forms of tillage/no‐tillage) from 133 studies across 33 countries. Our results show that reduced tillage intensity or no‐tillage increases the total density of springtails (+35%), mites (+23%), and enchytraeids (+37%) compared to more intense tillage methods. The meta‐analyses for different nematode feeding groups, life‐forms of springtails, and taxonomic mite groups showed higher densities under reduced forms of tillage compared to conventional tillage on omnivorous nematodes (+53%), epedaphic (+81%) and hemiedaphic (+84%) springtails, oribatid (+43%) and mesostigmatid (+57%) mites. Furthermore, the effects of reduced forms of tillage on soil micro‐ and mesofauna varied with depth, climate and soil texture, as well as with tillage method, tillage frequency, concurrent fertilisation, and herbicide application. Our findings suggest that reducing tillage intensity can have positive effects on the density of micro‐ and mesofaunal communities in areas subjected to long‐term intensive cultivation practices. Our results will be useful to support decision making on the management of soil faunal communities and will facilitate modelling efforts of soil biology in global agroecosystems. HIGHLIGHTS Global meta‐analysis to estimate the effect of reducing tillage intensity on micro‐ and mesofauna Reduced tillage or no‐tillage has positive effects on springtail, mite and enchytraeid density Effects vary among nematode feeding groups, springtail life forms and mite suborders Effects vary with texture, climate and depth and depend on the tillage method and frequency
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://doi.org/10.20387/bonares-eh0f-hj28
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; agricultural land use ; conservation agriculture ; conventional agriculture ; soil biodiversity ; soil cultivation
    Language: English
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    Fifty years after deep‐ploughing: Effects on yield, roots, nutrient stocks and soil structure (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Deep‐ploughing far beyond the common depth of 30 cm was used more than 50 years ago in Northern Germany with the aim to break root‐restricting layers and thereby improve access to subsoil water and nutrient resources. We hypothesized that effects of this earlier intervention on soil properties and yields prevailed after 50 years. Hence, we sampled two sandy soils and one silty soil (Cambisols and a Luvisol) of which half of the field had been deep‐ploughed 50 years ago (soils then re‐classified as Treposols). The adjacent other half was not deep‐ploughed and thus served as the control. At all the three sites, both deep‐ploughed and control parts were then conventionally managed over the last 50 years. We assessed yields during the dry year 2019 and additionally in 2020, and rooting intensity at the year of sampling (2019), as well as changes in soil structure, carbon and nutrient stocks in that year. We found that deep‐ploughing improved yields in the dry spell of 2019 at the sandy sites, which was supported by a more general pattern of higher NDVI indices in deep‐ploughed parts for the period from 2016 to 2021 across varying weather conditions. Subsoil stocks of soil organic carbon and total plant‐available phosphorus were enhanced by 21%–199% in the different sites. Root biomass in the subsoil was reduced due to deep‐ploughing at the silty site and was increased or unaffected at the sandy sites. Overall, the effects of deep‐ploughing were site‐specific, with reduced bulk density in the buried topsoil stripes in the subsoil of the sandy sites, but with elevated subsoil density in the silty site. Hence, even 50 years after deep‐ploughing, changes in soil properties are still detectable, although effect size differed among sites.〈/p〉
    Description: BonaRes http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100022576
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; aggregates ; carbon sequestration ; deep‐ploughing ; macronutrients ; subsoil ; Treposol
    Language: English
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    Band alignment in LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} oxide heterostructures inferred from hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): G. Berner, A. Müller, F. Pfaff, J. Walde, C. Richter, J. Mannhart, S. Thiess, A. Gloskovskii, W. Drube, M. Sing, and R. Claessen We present a detailed study of the electronic structure and band alignment in LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 oxide heterostructures by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our spectroscopic measurements find no evidence for the strong potential gradient within the polar LaAlO 3 film predicted by band theory. Due to... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115111] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
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    Quantum Hall effect in monolayer-bilayer graphene planar junctions (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): Jifa Tian, Yongjin Jiang, Isaac Childres, Helin Cao, Jiangping Hu, and Yong P. Chen The Hall resistance of a homogeneous electron system is well known to be antisymmetric with respect to the magnetic field and the sign of charge carriers. We have observed that such symmetries no longer hold in planar hybrid structures consisting of partly single layer graphene (SLG) and partly bila... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 125410] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
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    Magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Py/FeMn/Cu(001) and Py/FeMn/Ni/Cu(001) films (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): A. Tan, J. Li, C. A. Jenkins, E. Arenholz, A. Scholl, C. Hwang, and Z. Q. Qiu Py/FeMn/Cu(001) and Py/FeMn/Ni/Cu(001) films were grown and studied as a function of both the FeMn and the Ni thicknesses using rotating magneto-optic Kerr effect and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. For Py/FeMn/Cu(001), we find that the FeMn antiferromagnetic order switches the sign of the Py fou... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 104404] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 30
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    Beyond-mean-field behavior of large Bose-Einstein condensates in double-well potentials (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): Bettina Gertjerenken and Christoph Weiss For the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), differences between mean-field (Gross-Pitaevskii) physics and N -particle quantum physics often disappear if the BEC becomes larger and larger. In particular, the time scale for which both dynamics agree should thus become larger if the particle n... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033608] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
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    Robustness in projected entangled pair states (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): J. Ignacio Cirac, Spyridon Michalakis, David Pérez-García, and Norbert Schuch We analyze a criterion which guarantees that the ground states of certain many-body systems are stable under perturbations. Specifically, we consider PEPS, which are believed to provide an efficient description, based on local tensors, for the low energy physics arising from local interactions. In o... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115108] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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  • 32
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    Localized states in the Mott insulator κ-(BEDT–TTF)_{2}Cu[N(CN)_{2}]Cl as probed by photoluminescence (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): N. Drichko, R. Hackl, and J. Schlueter We compare the photoluminescence spectra of the low-temperature Mott insulator κ -(BEDT–TTF) 2 Cu[N(CN) 2 ]Cl ( T MIT =40 K) with spectra of metallic κ -(BEDT–TTF) 2 Cu[N(CN) 2 ]Br, which is superconducting below T c =11.8 K, in the temperature range between 300 and 20 K. In the Mott insulating state of κ -(BEDT–TT... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115109] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    Photonic crystal carpet: Manipulating wave fronts in the near field at 1.55 μm (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): G. Scherrer, M. Hofman, W. Śmigaj, M. Kadic, T.-M. Chang, X. Mélique, D. Lippens, O. Vanbésien, B. Cluzel, F. de Fornel, S. Guenneau, and B. Gralak Ground-plane cloaks, which transform a curved mirror into a flat one, and recently reported at wavelengths ranging from the optical to the visible spectrum, bring the realm of optical illusion a step closer to reality. However, all carpet-cloaking experiments have thus far been carried out in the fa... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115110] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    Laser-controlled rotational cooling of Na_{2} based on exceptional points (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): V. Kokoouline, A. Wearne, R. Lefebvre, and O. Atabek Exceptional points (EPs) corresponding to resonance coalescence (i.e., complex energy degeneracy and identical wave functions) occur in many areas of non-Hermitian physics and, in particular, in laser-induced molecular dynamics for specific choices of two control parameters. We have previously shown... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033408] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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    Damping in Yttrium Iron Garnet Nanoscale Films Capped by Platinum (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): Yiyan Sun, Houchen Chang, Michael Kabatek, Young-Yeal Song, Zihui Wang, Michael Jantz, William Schneider, Mingzhong Wu, E. Montoya, B. Kardasz, B. Heinrich, Suzanne G. E. te Velthuis, Helmut Schultheiss, and Axel Hoffmann Strong damping enhancement in nm-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films due to Pt capping layers was observed. This damping is substantially larger than the expected damping due to conventional spin pumping, is accompanied by a shift in the ferromagnetic resonance field, and can be suppressed by the ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 106601] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
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    Distribution of glass transition temperature in multilayered poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film supported on a Si substrate as studied by neutron reflectivity (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): Rintaro Inoue, Makoto Nakamura, Kazuya Matsui, Toshiji Kanaya, Koji Nishida, and Masahiro Hino We studied the distribution of glass transition temperature ( T g ) through neutron reflectivity in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film supported on a silicon substrate with a five-layered PMMA thin film consisting of deuterated-PMMA and hydrogenated-PMMA. The depth distribution of T g was succ... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 032601] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Polymers
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    Nanosecond Electro-Optic Switching of a Liquid Crystal (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Author(s): Volodymyr Borshch, Sergij V. Shiyanovskii, and Oleg D. Lavrentovich Electrically induced reorientation of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) molecules caused by dielectric anisotropy of the material is a fundamental phenomenon widely used in modern technologies. Its Achilles heel is a slow (millisecond) relaxation from the field-on to the field-off state. We present an el... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 107802] Published Fri Sep 06, 2013
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
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    Imprint of primordial non-Gaussianity on dark matter halo profiles (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Author(s): Azadeh Moradinezhad Dizgah, Scott Dodelson, and Antonio Riotto We study the impact of primordial non-Gaussianity on the density profile of dark matter halos by using the semianalytical model introduced recently by Dalal et al. which relates the peaks of the initial linear density field to the final density profile of dark matter halos. Models with primordial no... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 063513] Published Mon Sep 09, 2013
    Keywords: Astrophysics & Cosmology
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
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    Quantum geometry with a nondegenerate vacuum: A toy model (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Author(s): Sandipan Sengupta Motivated by a recent proposal (by Koslowski-Sahlmann) of a kinematical representation in loop quantum gravity (LQG) with a nondegenerate vacuum metric, we construct a polymer quantization of the parametrized massless scalar field theory on a Minkowskian cylinder. The diffeomorphism covariant kinema... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 064016] Published Mon Sep 09, 2013
    Keywords: General relativity, gravitation
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    Phenomenology of heavy vectorlike leptons (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Author(s): Koji Ishiwata and Mark B. Wise We study the impact that a heavy generation of vectorlike leptons can have on the value of the electric dipole moment of the electron, and the rates for the flavor violating processes μ → e γ and μ →3 e . The smallness of the charged lepton masses suggests that at least some of the Yukawa coupling constan... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 055009] Published Mon Sep 09, 2013
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
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    Erratum: Causality-violating Higgs singlets at the LHC [Phys. Rev. D 87, 045004 (2013)] (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Author(s): Chiu Man Ho and Thomas J. Weiler [Phys. Rev. D 88, 069901] Published Mon Sep 09, 2013
    Keywords: Errata
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    Dressing phases of AdS_{3}/CFT_{2} (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Author(s): Riccardo Borsato, Olof Ohlsson Sax, Alessandro Sfondrini, Bogdan Stefański, Jr., and Alessandro Torrielli We determine the all-loop dressing phases of the AdS 3 /CFT 2 integrable system related to type IIB string theory on AdS 3 ×S 3 ×T 4 by solving the recently found crossing relations and studying their singularity structure. The two resulting phases present a novel structure with respect to the ones appearin... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 066004] Published Mon Sep 09, 2013
    Keywords: String theory
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    Scaling of turbulent flame speed for expanding flames with Markstein diffusion considerations (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Author(s): Swetaprovo Chaudhuri, Fujia Wu, and Chung K. Law In this paper we clarify the role of Markstein diffusivity, which is the product of the planar laminar flame speed and the Markstein length, on the turbulent flame speed and its scaling, based on experimental measurements on constant-pressure expanding turbulent flames. Turbulent flame propagation d... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 033005] Published Mon Sep 09, 2013
    Keywords: Fluid Dynamics
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    Orbital trajectory of an acoustic bubble in a cylindrical resonator (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Author(s): Cyril Desjouy, Pauline Labelle, Bruno Gilles, Jean-Christophe Bera, and Claude Inserra Acoustic cavitation-induced microbubbles in a cylindrical resonator filled with water tend to concentrate into ring patterns due to the cylindrical geometry of the system. The shape of these ring patterns is directly linked to the Bjerknes force distribution in the resonator. Experimental observatio... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 033006] Published Mon Sep 09, 2013
    Keywords: Fluid Dynamics
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    Negative plasma potential relative to electron-emitting surfaces (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Author(s): M. D. Campanell Most works on plasma-wall interaction predict that with strong electron emission, a nonmonotonic “space-charge-limited” (SCL) sheath forms where the plasma potential is positive relative to the wall. We show that a fundamentally different sheath structure is possible where the potential monotonicall... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 033103] Published Mon Sep 09, 2013
    Keywords: Plasma Physics
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    Observation of a Resonance in B^{+}→K^{+}μ^{+}μ^{-} Decays at Low Recoil (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: Author(s): R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration) A broad peaking structure is observed in the dimuon spectrum of B + → K + μ + μ - decays in the kinematic region where the kaon has a low recoil against the dimuon system. The structure is consistent with interference between the B + → K + μ + μ - decay and a resonance and has a statistical significance exceeding s... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 112003] Published Tue Sep 10, 2013
    Keywords: Elementary Particles and Fields
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    Solid Drops: Large Capillary Deformations of Immersed Elastic Rods (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: Author(s): Serge Mora, Corrado Maurini, Ty Phou, Jean-Marc Fromental, Basile Audoly, and Yves Pomeau Under the effect of surface tension, a blob of liquid adopts a spherical shape when immersed in another fluid. We demonstrate experimentally that soft, centimeter-size elastic solids can exhibit a similar behavior: when immersed into a liquid, a gel having a low elastic modulus undergoes large, reve... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 114301] Published Tue Sep 10, 2013
    Keywords: Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.
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    Experimental Demonstration of Scanned Spin-Precession Microscopy (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: Author(s): V. P. Bhallamudi, C. S. Wolfe, V. P. Amin, D. E. Labanowski, A. J. Berger, D. Stroud, J. Sinova, and P. C. Hammel We present a new tool for imaging spin properties. We show that a spatially averaged spin signal, measured as a function of a scanned magnetic probe’s position, contains information about the local spin properties. In this first demonstration we map the injected spin density in GaAs by measuring spi... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 117201] Published Tue Sep 10, 2013
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
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    Hydrodynamic Fluctuations in Confined Particle-Laden Fluids (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: Author(s): Nicolas Desreumaux, Jean-Baptiste Caussin, Raphael Jeanneret, Eric Lauga, and Denis Bartolo We address the collective dynamics of non-Brownian particles cruising in a confined microfluidic geometry and provide a comprehensive characterization of their spatiotemporal density fluctuations. We show that density excitations freely propagate at all scales, and in all directions even though the ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 118301] Published Tue Sep 10, 2013
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
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    Gradient Dynamics Description for Films of Mixtures and Suspensions: Dewetting Triggered by Coupled Film Height and Concentration Fluctuations (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: Author(s): Uwe Thiele, Desislava V. Todorova, and Hender Lopez A thermodynamically consistent gradient dynamics model for the evolution of thin layers of liquid mixtures, solutions, and suspensions on solid substrates is presented which is based on a film-height- and mean-concentration-dependent free energy functional. It is able to describe a large variety of ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 117801] Published Tue Sep 10, 2013
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
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    Quantum search with interacting Bose-Einstein condensates (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Mahdi Ebrahimi Kahou and David L. Feder One approach to the development of quantum search algorithms is the quantum walk. A spatial search can be effected by the continuous-time evolution of a single quantum particle on a graph containing a marked site. In many physical implementations, however, one might expect to have multiple particles... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 032310] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Quantum information
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    Hyperfine effects on potassium tune-out wavelengths and polarizabilities (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Jun Jiang and J. Mitroy The influence of hyperfine interactions on the tune-out wavelengths of the 39 K, 40 K, and 41 K isotopes of the potassium atom was investigated. The hyperfine interaction of the 4 s 1/2 ground state results in a shift and splitting of the primary tune-out wavelength near 769 nm. The 4 s 1/2 state hyperfine... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 032505] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
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    Formation of antihydrogen in an antiproton-positron Debye plasma in the presence of an external laser field (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Sougata Mukhopadhyay and C. Sinha We study quantum mechanically the influence of an external laser field on the antihydrogen (H̅ ) formation cross sections in ground and excited states (2 s ,2 p ) via the three-body recombination process inside a dense plasma of antiprotons and positrons, supposed to be the most efficient mechani... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033414] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
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    Zeeman coupling and screening corrections to skyrmion excitations in graphene (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Wenchen Luo and R. Côté At half-filling of the fourfold degenerate Landau levels | n |≥1 in graphene, the ground states are spin-polarized quantum Hall states that support spin skyrmion excitations for | n |=1,2,3. Working in the Hartree-Fock approximation, we compute the excitation energy of an unbound spin skyrmion-antiskyrm... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115417] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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    Flexural mode of graphene on a substrate (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Bruno Amorim and Francisco Guinea Out of plane vibrations are suppressed in graphene layers placed on a substrate. These vibrations, in suspended samples, are relevant for the understanding of properties such as the electrical resistivity, the thermal expansion coefficient, and others. We use a general framework to study the propert... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115418] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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    Thermodynamics of strongly correlated one-dimensional Bose gases (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Andreas Vogler, Ralf Labouvie, Felix Stubenrauch, Giovanni Barontini, Vera Guarrera, and Herwig Ott We investigate the thermodynamics of one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases in the strongly correlated regime. To this end, we prepare ensembles of independent 1D Bose gases in a two-dimensional optical lattice and perform high-resolution in situ imaging of the column-integrated density distribution. Using... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 031603] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
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    Parrondo's paradox and superactivation of classical and quantum capacity of communication channels with memory (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Sergii Strelchuk There exist memoryless zero-capacity quantum channels that when used jointly result in a channel with positive capacity. This phenomenon is called superactivation. Making use of Parrondo's paradox, we exhibit examples of the superactivation-like effect for the capacity of classical communication cha... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 032311] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 58
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    Experimental observations of s-p coupling in copper dimer anions (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Benkang Liu, Yanqiu Wang, and Li Wang The photoelectron velocity-map image technique was employed to examine the one-photon detachment of Cu monomer and dimer anions using a linearly polarized infrared femtosecond laser. While the photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) in a single-photon detachment experiment of Cu − shows no dependenc... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033413] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
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  • 59
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    Large quantum superpositions of a levitated nanodiamond through spin-optomechanical coupling (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Zhang-qi Yin, Tongcang Li, Xiang Zhang, and L. M. Duan We propose a method to generate and detect large quantum superposition states and arbitrary Fock states for the oscillational mode of an optically levitated nanocrystal diamond. The nonlinear interaction required for the generation of non-Gaussian quantum states is enabled through the spin-mechanica... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033614] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
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  • 60
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    Mode conversion and long-lived vibrational modes in lead monolayers on silicon (111) after femtosecond laser excitation: A molecular dynamics simulation (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Sung Sakong, Peter Kratzer, Simone Wall, Annika Kalus, and Michael Horn-von Hoegen The dynamics of vibrations localized in a monolayer of Pb on Si(111) is studied using density functional theory and molecular dynamics methods. Recently, a pump-probe experiment has given direct access to the relaxation dynamics of the vibrational excitations in Pb, revealing two distinct time scale... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115419] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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  • 61
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    Pressure-driven Fermi surface reconstruction of chromium (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): R. L. Stillwell, D. E. Graf, W. A. Coniglio, T. P. Murphy, E. C. Palm, J. H. Park, D. VanGennep, P. Schlottmann, and S. W. Tozer We have observed a massive reconstruction of the Fermi surface of single crystal chromium as a function of high pressure and high magnetic fields caused by the spin-flip transition, with multiple new orbits appearing above 0.93 GPa. In addition, some orbits have field-induced effective masses of ∼0.... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 125119] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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  • 62
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    Instability of certain bimetric and massive-gravity theories (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Florian Kühnel Stability about cosmological background solutions to the bimetric Hassan-Rosen theory is studied. The results of this analysis are presented, and it is shown that a large class of cosmological backgrounds is classically unstable. This sets serious doubts on the physical viability of the Hassan-Rosen... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 064024] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: General relativity, gravitation
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    Cross-Section Measurements of the ^{86}Kr(γ,n) Reaction to Probe the s-Process Branching at ^{85}Kr (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): R. Raut, A. P. Tonchev, G. Rusev, W. Tornow, C. Iliadis, M. Lugaro, J. Buntain, S. Goriely, J. H. Kelley, R. Schwengner, A. Banu, and N. Tsoneva We have carried out photodisintegration cross-section measurements on 86 Kr using monoenergetic photon beams ranging from the neutron separation energy, S n =9.86  MeV, to 13 MeV. We combine our experimental 86 Kr( γ , n ) 85 Kr cross section with results from our recent 86 Kr( γ , γ ′ ) measurement below the neutr... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 112501] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Nuclear Physics
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  • 64
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    Zwei-Dreibein Gravity: A Two-Frame-Field Model of 3D Massive Gravity (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Eric A. Bergshoeff, Sjoerd de Haan, Olaf Hohm, Wout Merbis, and Paul K. Townsend We present a generally covariant and parity-invariant two-frame field (“zwei-dreibein”) action for gravity in three space-time dimensions that propagates two massive spin-2 modes, unitarily, and we use Hamiltonian methods to confirm the absence of unphysical degrees of freedom. We show how zwei-drei... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 111102] Published Wed Sep 11, 2013
    Keywords: Gravitation and Astrophysics
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  • 65
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    Reconstructing the profile of time-varying magnetic fields with quantum sensors (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: Author(s): Easwar Magesan, Alexandre Cooper, Honam Yum, and Paola Cappellaro Quantum systems have shown great promise for precision metrology thanks to advances in their control. This has allowed not only the sensitive estimation of external parameters but also the reconstruction of their temporal profile. In particular, quantum control techniques and orthogonal function the... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 032107] Published Thu Sep 12, 2013
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
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  • 66
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    Rerouting excitation transfers in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: Author(s): Guang-Yin Chen, Neill Lambert, Che-Ming Li, Yueh-Nan Chen, and Franco Nori We investigate, using the hierarchy method, the entanglement and the excitation transfer efficiency of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex under two different local modifications: the suppression of transitions between particular sites and localized changes to the protein environment. We find tha... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 032120] Published Thu Sep 12, 2013
    Keywords: Statistical Physics
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  • 67
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    Tearing of free-standing graphene (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: Author(s): M. J. B. Moura and M. Marder We examine the fracture mechanics of tearing graphene. We present a molecular dynamics simulation of the propagation of cracks in clamped, free-standing graphene as a function of the out-of-plane force. The geometry is motivated by experimental configurations that expose graphene sheets to out-of-pl... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 032405] Published Thu Sep 12, 2013
    Keywords: Films, Interfaces, and Crystal Growth
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    Calamitic and antinematic orientational order produced by the generalized Straley lattice model (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: Author(s): Fulvio Bisi, Giovanni De Matteis, and Silvano Romano We consider here a classical model, consisting of D 2 h -symmetric particles in a three-dimensional simple-cubic lattice; the pair potential is isotropic in orientation space, and restricted to nearest neighbors. The simplest potential model is written in terms of the squares of the scalar products bet... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 032502] Published Thu Sep 12, 2013
    Keywords: Liquid Crystals
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    Magnetic instability induced by Rh doping in the Kondo semiconductor CeRu_{2}Al_{10} (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Hanjie Guo, Hiroshi Tanida, Riki Kobayashi, Ikuto Kawasaki, Masafumi Sera, Takashi Nishioka, Masahiro Matsumura, Isao Watanabe, and Zhu-an Xu The magnetic ground state of the Rh-doped Kondo semiconductor CeRu 2 Al 10 [Ce(Ru 1− x Rh x ) 2 Al 10 ] is investigated with the muon spin relaxation method. Muon spin precession with two frequencies is observed in the x =0 sample, while only one frequency is present in the x =0.05 and 0.10 samples, which is attr... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115206] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
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    Advanced magnetic anisotropy determination through isothermal remanent magnetization of nanoparticles (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): A. Hillion, A. Tamion, F. Tournus, O. Gaier, E. Bonet, C. Albin, and V. Dupuis We propose a theoretical framework enabling the simulation of isothermal remanence magnetization (IRM) curves, based on the Stoner-Wohlfarth model combined with the Néel macrospin relaxation time description. We show how low temperature IRM curves, which have many advantages compared to hysteresis l... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 094419] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 71
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    Combining heavy quark spin and local hidden gauge symmetries in the dynamical generation of hidden charm baryons (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): C. W. Xiao, J. Nieves, and E. Oset We present a coupled channel unitary approach to obtain states dynamically generated from the meson-baryon interaction with hidden charm, using constraints of heavy quark spin symmetry. As a basis of states, we use D ̅ B , D ̅ * B states, with B baryon charmed states belonging to the 20 re... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 056012] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Field theory, general methods
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  • 72
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    Magnetic structure of the frustrated S=1/2 chain magnet LiCu_{2}O_{2} doped with nonmagnetic Zn (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): A. A. Bush, N. Büttgen, A. A. Gippius, V. N. Glazkov, W. Kraetschmer, L. A. Prozorova, L. E. Svistov, A. M. Vasiliev, and A. Zheludev We present the results of magnetization, electron spin resonance (ESR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on single-crystal samples of the frustrated S =1/2 chain cuprate LiCu 2 O 2 doped with nonmagnetic Zn 2+ . As shown by the x-ray techniques, the crystals of Li(Cu 1− x Zn x ) 2 O 2 with x 〈0... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 104411] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 73
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    Scalar, spinor, and photon fields under relativistic cavity motion (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Nicolai Friis, Antony R. Lee, and Jorma Louko We analyze quantized scalar, spinor, and photon fields in a mechanically rigid cavity that is accelerated in Minkowski spacetime, in a recently introduced perturbative small-acceleration formalism that allows the velocities to become relativistic, with a view to applications in relativistic quantum ... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 064028] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: General relativity, gravitation
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  • 74
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    Ultrafast and selective coherent population transfer in four-level atoms by a single nonlinearly chirped femtosecond pulse (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Parvendra Kumar and Amarendra K. Sarma We report a simple scheme to achieve ultrafast and selective population transfer in four-level atoms by utilizing a single nonlinearly chirped femtosecond pulse. It is demonstrated that the almost complete population may be transferred to the preselected state of atoms just by manipulating the so-ca... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033823] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
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    Calculation of strongly forbidden M1 transitions and g-factor anomalies in atoms considered for parity-nonconservation measurements (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): G. H. Gossel, V. A. Dzuba, and V. V. Flambaum We calculate magnetic dipole transition amplitudes in s − s and s − d transitions of Rb, Cs, Ba + , Fr, Ra + , Yb + , Ac 2+ and Th 3+ . These transitions were used or considered to be used for parity-nonconservation (PNC) measurements. We also calculate the magnetic g -factor anomalies for a selection of states, ... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 034501] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
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    Electronic structure of Ca_{10}(Pt_{4}As_{8})(Fe_{2−x}Pt_{x}As_{2})_{5} with metallic Pt_{4}As_{8} layers: An angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): X. P. Shen, S. D. Chen, Q. Q. Ge, Z. R. Ye, F. Chen, H. C. Xu, S. Y. Tan, X. H. Niu, Q. Fan, B. P. Xie, and D. L. Feng We studied the low-lying electronic structure of the newly discovered iron-platinum-arsenide superconductor, Ca 10 (Pt 4 As 8 )(Fe 2− x Pt x As 2 ) 5 ( T c =22 K) with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We found that the Pt 4 As 8 layer contributes to a small electronlike Fermi surface, indicative of metallic c... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115124] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    Optical properties of charged quantum dots doped with a single magnetic impurity (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): U. C. Mendes, M. Korkusinski, A. H. Trojnar, and P. Hawrylak We present a microscopic theory of the optical properties of self-assembled quantum dots doped with a single magnetic manganese (Mn) impurity and containing a controlled number of electrons. The single-particle electron and heavy-hole electronic shells are described by two-dimensional harmonic oscil... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115306] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
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    Ab initio calculations of the Hubbard U for the early lanthanides using the constrained random-phase approximation (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): F. Nilsson, R. Sakuma, and F. Aryasetiawan In this work we have calculated U from first principles for the early lanthanides (Ce-Gd) using the constrained random phase approximation (cRPA). We compare the static limit of U with experimental estimations from x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy (BI... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 125123] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    Bounding the Higgs Boson Width through Interferometry (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Lance J. Dixon and Ye Li We study the change in the diphoton-invariant-mass distribution for Higgs boson decays to two photons, due to interference between the Higgs resonance in gluon fusion and the continuum background amplitude for g g → γ γ . Previously, the apparent Higgs mass was found to shift by around 100 MeV in the sta... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 111802] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Elementary Particles and Fields
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  • 80
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    Lattice-Boltzmann-based two-phase thermal model for simulating phase change (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): M. R. Kamali, J. J. J. Gillissen, H. E. A. van den Akker, and Sankaran Sundaresan A lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is presented for solving the energy conservation equation in two phases when the phase change effects are included in the model. This approach employs multiple distribution functions, one for a pseudotemperature scalar variable and the rest for the various species. A ... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 033302] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Computational Physics
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    Coupled short-range ferroelectric and magnetic order in PbFe_{1/2}Nb_{1/2}O_{3} (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): C. Stock, S. R. Dunsiger, R. A. Mole, X. Li, and H. Luo A neutron scattering investigation of the magnetoelectric coupling in PbFe 1/2 Nb 1/2 O 3 has been undertaken. Ferroelectric order occurs below 400 K, as evidenced by the softening with temperature and subsequent recovery of the zone center transverse optic phonon mode energy ( ℏ Ω 0 ). Over the same tempera... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 094105] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
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    Dynamical structure functions from quantum Monte Carlo calculations of a proper integral transform (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Alessandro Roggero, Francesco Pederiva, and Giuseppina Orlandini An ab initio method for determining the dynamical structure function of an interacting many-body quantum system has been devised by combining a generalized integral transform method with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. A kernel has been found that (i) lets the transform be calculable with QMC met... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 094302] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Dynamics, dynamical systems, lattice effects
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    Chiral anomaly and classical negative magnetoresistance of Weyl metals (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): D. T. Son and B. Z. Spivak We consider the classical magnetoresistance of a Weyl metal in which the electron Fermi surface possesses nonzero fluxes of the Berry curvature. Such a system may exhibit large negative magnetoresistance with unusual anisotropy as a function of the angle between the electric and magnetic fields. In ... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 104412] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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    Large band offset as driving force of two-dimensional electron confinement: The case of SrTiO_{3}/SrZrO_{3} interface (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): P. Delugas, A. Filippetti, A. Gadaleta, I. Pallecchi, D. Marré, and V. Fiorentini Using advanced first-principles calculations we predict that the nonpolar SrTiO 3 /SrZrO 3 (001) interface, designed as either thin SrZrO 3 film deposited on SrTiO 3 or short-period (SrTiO 3 ) m /(SrZrO 3 ) n superlattice, hosts a two-dimensionally confined electron gas. Mobile electron charge due to native imp... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115304] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
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  • 85
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    Dielectric screening and plasmons in AA-stacked bilayer graphene (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Rafael Roldán and Luis Brey The screening properties and collective excitations (plasmons) in AA-stacked bilayer graphene are studied within the random phase approximation. Whereas long-lived plasmons in single-layer graphene and in AB-stacked bilayer graphene can exist only in doped samples, we find that coherent plasmons can... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 115420] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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  • 86
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    Group-velocity slowdown in a double quantum dot molecule (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Stephan Michael, Weng W. Chow, and Hans Christian Schneider The slowdown of optical pulses due to quantum-coherence effects is investigated theoretically for an “active material” consisting of InGaAs-based double quantum dot molecules. These are designed to exhibit a long-lived coherence between two electronic levels, which is an essential part of a quantum-... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 125305] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
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  • 87
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    Global properties of K hindrance probed by the γ decay of the warm rotating ^{174}W nucleus (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): V. Vandone et al. The K hindrance to the γ decay is studied in the warm rotating 174 W nucleus, focusing on the weakening of the selection rules of the K quantum number with increasing excitation energy. 174 W was populated by the fusion reaction of 50 Ti (at 217 MeV) on a 128 Te target, and its γ decay was detected by t... [Phys. Rev. C 88, 034312] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
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  • 88
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    Direct photodetachment of F^{−} by mid-infrared few-cycle femtosecond laser pulses (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): S. F. C. Shearer and M. R. Monteith The recent adiabatic saddle-point approach of Shearer et al. [ Phys. Rev. A 84 033409 (2011) ] is extended to multiphoton detachment of negative ions with outer p -state electrons. This theory is applied to investigate the strong-field photodetachment dynamics of F − ions exposed to few-cycle femtosec... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033415] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
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    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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  • 89
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    Multichannel parametrization of K[over ¯]N scattering amplitudes and extraction of resonance parameters (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): H. Zhang, J. Tulpan, M. Shrestha, and D. M. Manley We present results of a new multichannel partial-wave analysis for K ̅ N scattering in the center-of-mass (c.m.) energy range from 1480 to 2100 MeV. Resonance parameters were extracted by fitting partial-wave amplitudes from all considered channels using a multichannel parametrization that is ... [Phys. Rev. C 88, 035205] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Hadronic Physics and QCD
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  • 90
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    Erratum: Universality in the Three-Dimensional Random-Field Ising Model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 227201 (2013)] (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Nikolaos G. Fytas and Víctor Martín-Mayor [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 119903] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Errata
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    Selective Excitation of Low Frequency Drift Waves by Density Modulation and Parametric Excitation of Higher Frequency Mode (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Subir Biswas, Debjyoti Basu, Rabindranath Pal, and Nikhil Chakrabarti Excitation of low frequency drift waves in a radial region of a weak density gradient is demonstrated experimentally by strong temporal modulation of the plasma density. Though a parallel electron current can destabilize drift waves throughout the region, we observe mode selection at the resonant lo... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 115004] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
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  • 92
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    Relaxation and intermediate asymptotics of a rectangular trench in a viscous film (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): Oliver Bäumchen, Michael Benzaquen, Thomas Salez, Joshua D. McGraw, Matilda Backholm, Paul Fowler, Elie Raphaël, and Kari Dalnoki-Veress The surface of a thin liquid film with nonconstant curvature flattens as a result of capillary forces. While this leveling is driven by local curvature gradients, the global boundary conditions greatly influence the dynamics. Here, we study the evolution of rectangular trenches in a polystyrene nano... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 035001] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Fluid Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
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    Entanglement Growth in Quench Dynamics with Variable Range Interactions (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Author(s): J. Schachenmayer, B. P. Lanyon, C. F. Roos, and A. J. Daley Recent advances in quantum simulators allow the use of systems of trapped ions to create and simulate spin models with a controllable interaction range. Scientists report timely and counterintuitive theoretical findings about the temporal growth of quantum entanglement in a suddenly “quenched” quantum spin chain based on trapped ions. [Phys. Rev. X 3, 031015] Published Fri Sep 13, 2013
    Keywords: Research Articles
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-3308
    Topics: Physics
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    Block entropy for Kitaev-type spin chains in a transverse field (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: Author(s): V. Subrahmanyam Block entanglement entropy in the ground state of a quantum spin chain is investigated. The spins have Kitaev-type nearest-neighbor interaction, of strength J x or J y , through either x or y components of the spins on alternating bonds, along with a transverse magnetic field h . An exact solution is ob... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 032315] Published Mon Sep 16, 2013
    Keywords: Quantum information
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    Bipartite entanglement-annihilating maps: Necessary and sufficient conditions (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: Author(s): Sergey N. Filippov and Mário Ziman We fully characterize bipartite entanglement-annihilating (EA) channels that destroy entanglement of any state shared by subsystems and, thus, should be avoided in any entanglement-enabled experiment. Our approach relies on extending the problem to EA positive maps, the cone of which remains invaria... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 032316] Published Mon Sep 16, 2013
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 96
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    Postadiabatic Hamiltonian for low-energy excitations in a slowly-time-dependent BCS-BEC crossover (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: Author(s): Bernhard M. Breid and James R. Anglin We develop a Hamiltonian that describes the time-dependent formation of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state of fermionic atoms as a result of slowly sweeping through a Feshbach resonance. In contrast to many other calculations in the field, our Hamiltonian inc... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 033617] Published Mon Sep 16, 2013
    Keywords: Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
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    Comment on “Sudden change in quantum discord accompanying the transition from bound to free entanglement” (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: Author(s): Swapan Rana and Preeti Parashar In a recent article [ Phys. Rev. A 87 022340 (2013) ], Yan et al. have studied geometric discord for a well-known class of bound entangled states. Based on their calculation, they claim “It is found that there exists a nondynamic sudden change in quantum discord” for these states. In this Comment, w... [Phys. Rev. A 88, 036301] Published Mon Sep 16, 2013
    Keywords: Quantum information
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    Combined effect of strain and defects on the conductance of graphene nanoribbons (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: Author(s): Thomas Lehmann, Dmitry A. Ryndyk, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti We investigate the combined influence of structural defects and uniaxial longitudinal strain on the electronic transport properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons using the numerical approach based on the semiempirical tight-binding model, the Landauer formalism, and the recursion method for Green... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 125420] Published Mon Sep 16, 2013
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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    Near the sill of the conformal window: Gauge theories with fermions in two-index representations (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: Author(s): Thomas DeGrand, Yigal Shamir, and Benjamin Svetitsky We apply Schrödinger functional methods to two gauge theories with fermions in two-index representations: the SU(3) theory with N f =2 adjoint fermions, and the SU(4) theory with N f =6 fermions in the two-index antisymmetric representation. Each theory is believed to lie near the bottom of the conforma... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 054505] Published Mon Sep 16, 2013
    Keywords: Strong interactions & Lattice methods
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
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    Nonequilibrium Microcanonical and Canonical Ensembles and Their Equivalence (2013)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-17
    Description: Author(s): Raphaël Chetrite and Hugo Touchette Generalizations of the microcanonical and canonical ensembles for paths of Markov processes have been proposed recently to describe the statistical properties of nonequilibrium systems driven in steady states. Here, we propose a theory of these ensembles that unifies and generalizes earlier results ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 120601] Published Mon Sep 16, 2013
    Keywords: General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.
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