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  • Elsevier  (42,091)
  • Wiley  (16,810)
  • Institute of Physics  (10,029)
  • 2020-2023  (391)
  • 1960-1964  (68,539)
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  • 11
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    Geodynamics, geophysical and geochemical observations, and the role of CO2 degassing in the Apennines (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: An accurate survey of old and new datasets allowed us to probe the nature and role of fluids in the seismogenic processes of the Apennines mountain range in Italy. New datasets include the 1985–2021 instrumented seismicity catalog, the computed seismogenic thickness, and geodetic velocities and strains, whereas data from the literature comprise focal mechanism solutions, CO2 release, Moho depth, tomographic seismic velocities, heat flow and Bouguer gravity anomalies. Most of the inspected datasets highlight differences between the western and eastern domains of the Apennines, while the transition zone is marked by high geodetic strain, prevailing uplift at the surface and high seismic release, and spatially corresponds with the overlapping Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Mohos. Published tomographic models suggest the presence of a large hot asthenospheric mantle wedge which intrudes beneath the western side of the Apennines and disappears at the southern tip of the southern Apennines. This wedge modulates the thermal structure and rheology of the overlying crust as well as the melting of carbonate-rich sediments of the subducting Adriatic lithosphere. As a result, CO2-rich fluids of mantle-origin have been recognized in association with the occurrence of destructive seismic sequences in the Apennines. The stretched western domain of the Apennines is characterized by a broad pattern of emissions from CO2-rich fluids that vanishes beneath the axial belt of the chain, where fluids are instead trapped within crustal overpressurized reservoirs, favoring their involvement in the evolution of destructive seismic sequences in that region. In the Apennines, areas with high mantle He are associated with different degrees of metasomatism of the mantle wedge from north to south. Beneath the chain, the thickness and permeability of the crust control the formation of overpressurized fluid zones at depth and the seismicity is favored by extensional faults that act as high permeability pathways. This multidisciplinary study aims to contribute to our understanding of the fluid-related mechanisms of earthquake preparation, nucleation and evolution encouraging a multiparametric monitoring system of different geophysical and geochemical observables that could lead the creation of a data-constrained and reliable conceptual model of the role of fluids in the preparatory phase of earthquakes in the Apennines.
    Description: The INGV Earthquake Department Strategic Project FURTHER “The role of FlUids in the pReparaTory pHase of EaRthquakes in Southern Apennines”
    Description: Published
    Description: 104236
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO2 Earth degassing ; Earthquakes ; Mantle wedge ; Subduction ; Apennines ; 04.06. Seismology ; Geochemistry ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 12
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    Middle-late Pleistocene chronology of palaeoshorelines and uplift history in the low-rising to stable Apulian foreland: Overprinting and reoccupation (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: To refine knowledge about terrace phases and uplift history for a tectonically poor deformed region, we apply the synchronous correlation method to reconstruct the chronology of a poorly constrained sequence of raised palaeoshorelines on the Apulian foreland, southern Italy. This work uses new chronological constraints obtained by amino acid racemisation (AAR) and isoleucine/alloisoleucine epimerisation (IE) on Patella spp., Thetystrombus latus (Gmelin), Glycymeris sp., and ostracods and U-series dating on corals Hoplangia durotrix Gosse and Cladocora caespitosa Linneo. This procedure provides a quantitative estimate of the vertical movements and associated rates within a region of the Apulian foreland. The synchronous correlation method uses sea-level highstands and uplift rate(s) as inputs; in particular, for sea-level highstands, the inputs are the age of the highstands and the sea-level elevation of the highstands relative to the present-day sea level. The output is a set of currently expected elevations of each sea-level highstand (the present elevations of palaeoshorelines). We then used regression analysis to assess the robustness between our observed palaeoshorelines and expected elevations of sea-level highstands. Our results show that the best fitting scenario is obtained using the sea-level curves of (i) Waelbroeck et al. (2002) from present to 410 ky BP and (ii) Rohling et al. (2014) from 410 to 590 ky BP as inputs for our synchronous correlation method, with uplift rates ranging from 0.09 mm/y to 0.07 mm/y with a mean value of 0.08 mm/y from 590 ky BP onwards. We recognised palaeoshorelines in the field belonging to the following highstands: 120 ky BP (MIS 5.5, second peak), 127 ky BP (MIS 5.5, first peak), 212 ky BP (MIS 7.3), 330 ky BP (MIS 9.3), 410 (MIS 11), 525 ky BP (MIS 13.3), and 590 ky BP (MIS 15). Our results show field observations of the reoccupation effect of younger palaeoshorelines over older ones due to the relatively slow uplift rates measured in the investigated area as predicted by our synchronous correlation method. In particular, we show a well-mapped and described reoccupation of the MIS 5.5 palaeoshoreline over the MIS 7.3 palaeoshoreline, constrained by new absolute dating. In addition, the data from the Apulian foreland suggest an MIS 7.3 highstand close to the present sea level.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108530
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Uplift ; Marine terraces ; Absolute dating ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Does predation control the diapausing stock of Calanus finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine? (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-18
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wiebe, P., Baumgartner, M., Copley, N., Lawson, G., Davis, C., Ji, R., & Greene, C. Does predation control the diapausing stock of Calanus finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine? Progress In Oceanography, 206, (2022): 102861, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102861.
    Description: The variability of zooplankton populations is controlled by external and internal forcing, with the former being principally large-scale changes in circulation, and the latter being driven by in situ growth, competition, and predation. Assessing the relative importance of these forcings is challenging and requires analyses of multifaceted observational data. As part of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank program, a series of cruises were conducted in fall 1997, 1998, and 1999 to survey diapausing populations of Calanus finmarchicus and their predators in Wilkinson, Jordan, and Georges Basins of the Gulf of Maine. Station and underway sampling were conducted using net (1 m2 MOCNESS) and bioacoustic (BIOMAPER-II) systems, respectively, to acquire vertically stratified data for zooplankton biomass, taxonomic, size, and life-stage composition, together with associated environmental data. The results show that the autumn diapausing C. finmarchicus abundance was much lower in 1998 than in 1997 or 1999, even though the overall zooplankton biomass levels were comparable between the three years. The size frequency distribution of the diapausing individuals had a bi-modal pattern in 1997 and 1999, but a single mode in 1998, indicating the demise of an early cohort of the diapausing stock. The relative biomass and computed energy demand of potential invertebrate predators (euphausiids, decapods, medusae, and siphonophores) was found to be higher in 1998 and could account for the missing C. finmarchicus cohort. Evidence collected from this study supports the hypothesis that local predation has the potential to control the diapausing stock of C. finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine.
    Description: RJ received support from the Northeast US Shelf Long Term Ecological Research (NES-LTER) project (NSF OCE-1655686) and the US MBON Gulf of Maine project to NERACOOS (NOPP award NA19NOS0120197 and BOEMUMaine Cooperative Agreement M19AC00022) for analyzing the size data and working on the manuscript. Research support was provided by the US GLOBEC Georges Bank Program through the CILER Cooperative Agreement NA-67RJO148 (NOAA Coastal Ocean Program).
    Keywords: Gulf of Maine ; Calanus finmarchicus ; Fall abundance variability ; Calanus C5 size variability ; Predation control
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 14
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    Microplastic pollution in the Weser estuary and the German North Sea (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Pollution, Elsevier, 288(117681), ISSN: 0269-7491
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-07
    Description: Microplastics (MP) are defined as synthetic organic pollutants sized 〈5 mm and have been recorded in various environments worldwide. Due to their small size, they pose a potential risk for many organisms throughout the food web. However, little is known about MP distribution patterns and associated transport mechanisms. Rivers may act as pathways for MP into marine environments. In this study, we investigate the occurrence of MP in the estuary and lower stretch of the second-largest German River, the Weser, representative of a significant interface between fresh water and marine environments. The aim of the study was to enhance the general understanding by providing novel, comprehensive data and suggestions for future studies on estuarine systems. Surface water samples of two different size classes were collected by ship using an on-board filtration system (11-500 µm fraction) and net sampling (500-5000 µm fraction). After a thorough sample preparation, all samples were analysed with Focal Plane Array (FPA) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy in order to obtain information on MP concentrations, polymer composition and size distribution. Our findings show highest concentrations in the 11-500 µm fraction (2.3 × 101 − 9.7 × 103 m−3), with the polymer cluster acrylates/polyurethanes/varnish being dominant. The 〉500 µm fraction was dominated by polyethylene. Estimated MP concentrations generally increased in the Turbidity Maximum Zone (TMZ) and decreased towards the open sea. This study contributes to the current research by providing novel insights into the MP pollution of the estuary and lower stretch of an important European river and provides implications for future MP monitoring measures.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 15
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    Mesopelagic-epipelagic fish nexus in viability and feasibility of commercial-scale mesopelagic fisheries (2022)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-07
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kourantidou, M., & Jin, D. Mesopelagic-epipelagic fish nexus in viability and feasibility of commercial-scale mesopelagic fisheries. Natural Resource Modeling, 35(4), (2022): e12350, https://doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12350.
    Description: While considerable scientific uncertainties persist for mesopelagic ecosystems, the fishing industry has developed a great interest in commercial exploitation with improved technologies as part of their search for new sources of feed for fishmeal and fish oil for aquaculture, which will intensify with the planet's growing population. The multiple uncertainties surrounding the ecosystem structure and particularly the size of biomass, hinder a good understanding of the risks associated with large-scale exploitation, which is needed for a management framework for sustainable ocean uses. Despite concerns regarding irreversible losses triggered by commercial fishing, work exploring the vulnerability of mesopelagic fish to harvesting is largely missing. This study investigates the economic feasibility of mesopelagic fishing which is the primary driver for any possible future expansion. Using very limited information currently available, we conduct a high-level assessment focusing on key ecological and economic interactions and develop an initial understanding of the economic feasibility of commercial harvesting for mesopelagic fish in the coming years. We conduct simulations using a classical bioeconomic model that captures two species groups, mesopelagic and epipelagic fish, using a wide range of price and cost parameters. We analyze different scenarios for the economic profitability of the fishery in a regional fishery management context. The results of our study highlight the importance of better understanding key biological and ecological mechanisms and parameters which can in turn help inform policies aimed at protecting the mesopelagic.
    Description: This study is supported by WHOI's Ocean Twilight Zone program which is part of the Audacious Project, a collaborative endeavor, housed at TED.
    Keywords: Bioeconomic analysis ; Commercial fisheries ; Ecological interactions ; Economic feasibility ; Mesopelagic fish ; Twilight zone
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 16
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    Sources and migration pathways of methane and light hydrocarbons in the subsurface of the Southern Po River Basin (Northern Italy) (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: This paper presents new chemical and isotopic data on gases from deep oil and gas fields, bubbling gases, dissolved gases in groundwaters and dry seeps of the Southern Po River Basin (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), aiming to (i) characterize and differentiate the various types of deep natural gases; (ii) identify the source(s) of methane and light hydrocarbons in shallow aquifers and surface gas-rich emissions; (iii) propose a conceptual model of natural fluid migration pathways in the sedimentary prism of the Southern Po River Basin. Based on the isotopic composition of CH4 and C2–C4 n-alkanes, CH4/(C2H6+C3H8) ratio, relative proportion of the C7 hydrocarbons and relative concentration of cyclic compounds with respect to the total cyclic abundance, three main deep reservoirs of hydrocarbons are identified in the subsurface of the Southern Po River Basin: (1) microbial gas hosted in Pliocene-Pleistocene marine sediments, (2) thermogenic gas hosted in Miocene deposits and (3) thermogenic gas produced in Triassic carbonates. Helium isotopes of these deep fluids indicate an almost pure crustal origin (Rc/Ra values = 0.014–0.04), with negligible contributions from mantle-derived helium. A variable contribution of atmosphere-derived fluids is highlighted by low 4He/20Ne (down to 5.42) and 40Ar/36Ar (≤319.5) values. Comparison of chemical and isotopic signatures of deep and surficial hydrocarbon occurrences suggests that methane in shallow groundwaters or gas seeps is sourced by microbial gas migrating upward from deep Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs, with no detectable contributions of Triassic or Miocene thermogenic hydrocarbons. At shallow depths (roughly around 20–50 m.b.g.l.), Plio-Pleistocene microbial methane appears to be mainly stored in anoxic aquifers. However, where CH4 further migrates upwards and reaches aerobic environments (e.g., aquifers or soils), it readily undergoes a process of exothermic microbial oxidation mediated by methanotrophic bacteria. Where the structural architecture of the sedimentary sequence favors the migration of fluids, the methanotrophic biofilter is bypassed and CH4 is discharged through soil diffuse degassing or gas bubbling at water wells. We argue that microbial consumption might be able to bio-sequester significant amounts of Plio-Pleistocene deep-sourced methane in the form of CO2 and biomass. Such process might be widespread in the subsurface of the Southern Po River Basin and, possibly, in other foreland basins worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105981
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Methane ; Po river basin ; Emilia-romagna region ; Natural gas geochemistry ; Hydrocarbon source rocks ; Gas accumulation and migration ; Thermogenic gas ; Microbial gas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Long-period seismic events with strikingly regular temporal patterns on Katla volcano's south flank (Iceland) (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: Katla is a threatening volcano in Iceland, partly covered by the M\'yrdalsj\"okull ice cap. The volcano has a large caldera with several active geothermal areas. A peculiar cluster of long-period seismic events started on Katla's south flank in July 2011, during an unrest episode in the caldera that culminated in a glacier outburst. The seismic events were tightly clustered at shallow depth in the Gvendarfell area, 4 km south of the caldera, under a small glacier stream on the southern margin of M\'yrdalsj\"okull. No seismic events were known to have occurred in this area before. The most striking feature of this seismic cluster is its temporal pattern, characterized by regular intervals between repeating seismic events, modulated by a seasonal variation. Remarkable is also the stability of both the time and waveform features over a long time period, around 3.5 years. No comparable examples have been found in the literature. Both volcanic and glacial processes can produce similar waveforms and therefore have to be considered as potential seismic sources. Discerning between these two causes is critical for monitoring glacier-clad volcanoes and has been controversial at Katla. For this new seismic cluster on the south flank we regard volcano-related processes as more likely than glacial ones for the following reasons: 1) the seismic activity started during an unrest episode involving sudden melting of the glacier and a j\"okulhlaup; 2) the glacier stream is small and stagnant; 3) the seismicity remains regular and stable for years; 4) there is no apparent correlation with short-term weather changes, such as rain storms. We suggest that a small, shallow hydrothermal system was activated on Katla's south flank in 2011, either by a minor magmatic injection or by changes of permeability in a local crack system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 28-40
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Physics - Geophysics; Physics - Geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Interlaboratory test for chemical analysis of geothermal fluids: A new approach to determine deep geothermal reservoir fluid composition with uncertainty propagation (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: A representative fluid sampling of surface geothermal manifestations and its analytical data quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) are challenging aspects of understanding the geothermal reservoir processes. To achieve these goals, an interlaboratory test for the chemical analyses of ten water samples: one synthetic water, two lake waters (i.e., duplicated), one stream water, and six water samples from two geothermal wells of Los Azufres Geothermal field (LAGF), Michoacan, Mexico, was conducted. The geothermal wells were sampled at four points: (1) total discharge of condensed fluid at the wellhead, (2) separate liquid condensed in the well separator, (3) flushed liquid at the weir box, and (4) separated vapor condensed at the well-separator (data taken from Verma et al., 2022). Sixteen laboratories from ten countries reported their results. The pH, electrical conductivity, Ca2+, Li+, SO4 2 B, and Si-total measurements were 8.35 ± 0.04, 12.25 ± 0.53 mS/cm, 25 ± 1 mg/l, 18 ± 1 mg/l, 569 ± 33 mg/l, 320 ± 21 mg/l, and 20.5 ± 0.7 mg/l, which are close to the conventional true values, 8.40, 12.31 mS/cm, 23 mg/l, 19 mg/l, 647 mg/l, 330 mg/l, and 20.0 mg/l, respectively. Analytical errors for major ions, Na+, Cl
    Description: Published
    Description: 105477
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Geothermal water ; Inter-laboratory test ; Geothermal system ; Los Azufres ; Geochemical modeling ; Uncertainty propagation ; NIST Uncertainty machine ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    The 2011 unrest at Katla volcano: characterization and interpretation of the tremor sources (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: A 23 hour tremor burst was recorded on July 8-9th 2011 at the Katla subglacial volcano, one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes in Iceland. This was associated with deepening of cauldrons on the ice cap and a glacial flood that caused damage to infrastructure. Increased earthquake activity within the caldera started a few days before and lasted for months afterwards and new seismic activity started on the south flank. No visible eruption broke the ice and the question arose as to whether this episode relates to a minor subglacial eruption with the tremor being generated by volcanic processes, or by the flood. The tremor signal consisted of bursts with varying amplitude and duration. We have identified and described three different tremor phases, based on amplitude and frequency features. A tremor phase associated with the flood was recorded only at stations closest to the river that flooded, correlating in time with rising water level observed at gauging stations. Using back-projection of double cross-correlations, two other phases have been located near the active ice cauldrons and are interpreted to be caused by volcanic or hydrothermal processes. The greatly increased seismicity and evidence of rapid melting of the glacier may be explained by a minor sub-glacial eruption. It is also plausible that the tremor was generated by hydrothermal boiling and/or explosions with no magma involved. This may have been induced by pressure drop triggered by the release of water when the glacial flood started. All interpretations require an increase of heat released by the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 63-78
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Physics - Geophysics; Physics - Geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Segment number threshold determines juvenile onset of germline cluster expansion in Platynereis dumerilii (2022)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kuehn, E., Clausen, D. S., Null, R. W., Metzger, B. M., Willis, A. D., & Ozpolat, B. D. Segment number threshold determines juvenile onset of germline cluster expansion in Platynereis dumerilii. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, (2021.): 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.23100.
    Description: Development of sexual characters and generation of gametes are tightly coupled with growth. Platynereis dumerilii is a marine annelid that has been used to study germline development and gametogenesis. P. dumerilii has germ cell clusters found across the body in the juvenile worms, and the clusters eventually form the gametes. Like other segmented worms, P. dumerilii grows by adding new segments at its posterior end. The number of segments reflect the growth state of the worms and therefore is a useful and measurable growth state metric to study the growth-reproduction crosstalk. To understand how growth correlates with progression of gametogenesis, we investigated germline development across several developmental stages. We discovered a distinct transition period when worms increase the number of germline clusters at a particular segment number threshold. Additionally, we found that keeping worms short in segment number, by manipulating environmental conditions or via amputations, supported a segment number threshold requirement for germline development. Finally, we asked if these clusters in P. dumerilii play a role in regeneration (as similar free-roaming cells are observed in Hydra and planarian regeneration) and found that the clusters were not required for regeneration in P. dumerilii, suggesting a strictly germline nature. Overall, these molecular analyses suggest a previously unidentified developmental transition dependent on the growth state of juvenile P. dumerilii leading to substantially increased germline expansion.
    Description: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R35GM138008 (to BDÖ) and R35GM133420 (to ADW) and Hibbitt Startup Funds (to BDÖ).
    Keywords: Annelida ; Critical size ; Developmental transition ; Gametogenesis ; Sexual reproduction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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