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  • Other Sources  (9)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Oxford University Press
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 2020-2023  (6)
  • 1960-1964  (2)
  • 1935-1939  (1)
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Year
  • 1
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    Respiratory and swimming movements in the cephalopod Cranchia scabra (1962)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 196 (4852). pp. 351-352.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-09
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Relationship Between Calcium in Sweat, Calcium Balance, and Calcium Requirements (1962)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  The Journal of Nutrition, 78 (1). pp. 78-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-30
    Description: These data suggest that calcium may be lost during heavy sweating conditions (up to 20 mg calcium/hour) and that this loss should be considered in establishing recommended allowances for calcium. It was observed that 7 men consuming 441 mg of calcium a day in a study extending for 48 days, excreted 8.1, 11.6 and 20.2 mg/hour of calcium when living at 70, 85 and 100°F. This accounted for 21.8, 25.1 and 33.2% of the total calcium excreted. These observations are important since they show an additional calcium loss, which has not been reported in previous calcium balance studies in the literature. It is questionable whether an individual, consuming a low calcium diet, ever really attains calcium balance (equilibrium), under heavy sweating conditions. It was observed that (a) the calcium excreted in sweat, in men working at a moderate rate in extreme heat (100°F), was still fairly high after acclimatization, averaging 17 mg/hour after the first 4 days, and (b) that the daily total calcium in sweat increased as the sweat rate increased. Therefore it appears that the calcium requirements may be increased under these conditions. It was shown that even after acclimatization the urinary calcium did not decrease in compensation for the losses of calcium in sweat. It is recognized that changes in the urinary excretion of calcium in adjusting to different levels of dietary calcium and the various other metabolic factors, may require months to achieve.
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  • 3
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    The Calcium Content of Baltic Water (1937)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 12 (3). pp. 293-304.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-01
    Description: in a recent publication von Brandt (1) gives a survey of all determinations of the calcium content of Baltic water hitherto published. He records in all 39 analyses made during the last century, which give us an idea of the order of magnitude of the calcium concentration; they cannot, however, serve for comparative purposes as in many cases chlorine determinations on the same water samples are lacking. Neither have we any clue for judging the accuracy of these analyses, the latest of which date from 1884. Fifty years later, in 1935, Za rin s and O z o 1 ins (8) published an extensive investi­gation of the water in the Bay of Riga and in the Baltic off the Latvian coast, their most westerly station nearly coinciding with the Finnish station F81 (Lat. 57° 22'N., Long. 19°57'E.) above the central depression of the Baltic. Their material comprised about 70 calcium analyses on water from all depths. Finally v o n B r a n d t in the above-mentioned paper publishes nearly 300 analyses of surface water collected in 1935 and 1936 during several voyages from Pillau to Helsingfors and back, and along the German coast as far as Kiel and back. The present material comprises analyses of only 48 samples of surface and bottom water collected during the summer cruise, in July 1935, of the s.s. "Nautilus" from the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Bothnia, and the northern half of the Baltic proper. In spite of the smaller number of samples this material is more comprehensive than the two preceding investigations in so far as it covers a greater area of the sea. I t was originally meant as a survey of the calcium content in these parts of the Baltic, but the surprisingly simple relationships between calcium content and chlorinity which it revealed, give the results far more scope than was expected.
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  • 4
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    Differences in Leaf Chemistry and Glandular Trichome Density between Wild Southwestern American Hop ( Humulus neomexicanus ) and Commercial Hop Cultivars (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 69 (27). pp. 7798-7814.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The female flowers (“cones”) of the hop plant (Humulus L.) produce compounds that contribute to the flavor and other properties of beer. Hop leaves and cones produce many of the same compounds, which also confer agronomic traits such as insect and disease resistance. Targeted and untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry with Waters MSE technology (UPLC-QTof-MSE) metabolomics were used to compare leaf phytochemical compositions of greenhouse-grown southwestern American wild Humulus neomexicanus (A. Nelson and Cockerell) Rydb. against a group of commercial hop cultivars consisting of both pure European Humulus lupulus L. and European–North American hybrids. Principal component analysis showed a clear distinction in chemical profiles between the two groups. H. neomexicanus leaves had a significantly higher content of total α acids (p = 4.4 × 10–9), total bitter acids (p = 2.6 × 10–6), cohumulone (p = 1.0 × 10–13), humulone + adhumulone (p = 9.1 × 10–4), and the prenylflavonoids xanthohumol (p = 0.013) and desmethylxanthohumol (p = 0.029) as well as significantly higher densities of glandular trichomes (p = 1.3 × 10–6), the biosynthetic site of those compounds. Most flavonol glycosides measured were also significantly more abundant in H. neomexicanus (p = 1.5 × 10–22 to 0.0027), whereas phenolic acids were consistently, but generally nonsignificantly (p 〉 0.05), more abundant in the cultivars. The higher bitter acid, prenylflavonoid, and flavonol glycoside content of H. neomexicanus leaves may help to confer more favorable insect and disease-resistance properties.
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  • 5
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    Genetic and Biochemical Reconstitution of Bromoform Biosynthesis in Asparagopsis Lends Insights into Seaweed Reactive Oxygen Species Enzymology (2020)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  ACS Chemical Biology, 15 (6). pp. 1662-1670.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Marine macroalgae, seaweeds, are exceptionally prolific producers of halogenated natural products. Biosynthesis of halogenated molecules in seaweeds is inextricably linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling as hydrogen peroxide serves as a substrate for haloperoxidase enzymes that participate in the construction these halogenated molecules. Here, using red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis, a prolific producer of the ozone depleting molecule bromoform, we provide the discovery and biochemical characterization of a ROS-producing NAD(P)H oxidase from seaweeds. This discovery was enabled by our sequencing of Asparagopsis genomes, in which we find the gene encoding the ROS-producing enzyme to be clustered with genes encoding bromoform-producing haloperoxidases. Biochemical reconstitution of haloperoxidase activities establishes that fatty acid biosynthesis can provide viable hydrocarbon substrates for bromoform production. The ROS production haloperoxidase enzymology that we describe here advances seaweed biology and biochemistry by providing the molecular basis for decades worth of physiological observations in ROS and halogenated natural product biosyntheses.
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  • 6
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    Iron Acquisition Systems of Gram-negative Bacterial Pathogens Define TonB-Dependent Pathways to Novel Antibiotics (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Chemical Reviews, 121 (9). pp. 5193-5239.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Iron is an indispensable metabolic cofactor in both pro- and eukaryotes, which engenders a natural competition for the metal between bacterial pathogens and their human or animal hosts. Bacteria secrete siderophores that extract Fe3+ from tissues, fluids, cells, and proteins; the ligand gated porins of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane actively acquire the resulting ferric siderophores, as well as other iron-containing molecules like heme. Conversely, eukaryotic hosts combat bacterial iron scavenging by sequestering Fe3+ in binding proteins and ferritin. The variety of iron uptake systems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens illustrates a range of chemical and biochemical mechanisms that facilitate microbial pathogenesis. This document attempts to summarize and understand these processes, to guide discovery of immunological or chemical interventions that may thwart infectious disease.
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  • 7
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    Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Concurrent Action of Several Chemical Mechanisms in Arabidopsis-Fusarium oxysporum Compatible and Incompatible Interactions (2020)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68 (51). pp. 15335-15344.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Fusarium oxysporum is a destructive root-infecting plant pathogen that causes significant yield losses in many economically important crop species. Hence, a deeper understanding of pathogen infection strategies is needed. With liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry platforms, we analyzed the metabolic changes in a time-course experiment with Arabidopsis accessions either resistant (Col-0) or susceptible (Ler-0) to isolates of Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis matthioli infection. We showed a concurrent effect of Fusarium-derived polyols and the mycotoxin beauvericin in the suppression of the immune response of susceptible hosts. A significant increase in oxidized glutathione in the resistant host was probably associated with effective reactive oxygen species-mediated resistance responses. Through a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics, we demonstrated the concurrent action of several Arabidopsis defense systems as well as the concurrent action of several virulence systems in the fungal attack of susceptible Arabidopsis.
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  • 8
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    Large Diversity in Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Compatible Solute Profiles in Polar and Temperate Diatoms (2020)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  Integrative and Comparative Biology, 60 (6). pp. 1401-1413.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Intense bottom-ice algal blooms, often dominated by diatoms, are an important source of food for grazers, organic matter for export during sea ice melt, and dissolved organic carbon. Sea-ice diatoms have a number of adaptations, including accumulation of compatible solutes, that allows them to inhabit this highly variable environment characterized by extremes in temperature, salinity, and light. In addition to protecting them from extreme conditions, these compounds present a labile, nutrient-rich source of organic matter, and include precursors to climate active compounds (e.g., dimethyl sulfide [DMS]), which are likely regulated with environmental change. Here, intracellular concentrations of 45 metabolites were quantified in three sea-ice diatom species and were compared to two temperate diatom species, with a focus on compatible solutes and free amino acid pools. There was a large diversity of metabolite concentrations between diatoms with no clear pattern identifiable for sea-ice species. Concentrations of some compatible solutes (isethionic acid, homarine) approached 1 M in the sea-ice diatoms, Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Navicula cf. perminuta, but not in the larger sea-ice diatom, Nitzschia lecointei or in the temperate diatom species. The differential use of compatible solutes in sea-ice diatoms suggests different adaptive strategies and highlights which small organic compounds may be important in polar biogeochemical cycles.
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  • 9
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    Synthase-Selective Exploration of a Tunicate Microbiome by Activity-Guided Single-Cell Genomics (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  ACS Chemical Biology .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: While thousands of environmental metagenomes have been mined for the presence of novel biosynthetic gene clusters, such computational predictions do not provide evidence of their in vivo biosynthetic functionality. Using fluorescent in situ enzyme assay targeting carrier proteins common to polyketide (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), we applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting to tunicate microbiome to enrich for microbes with active secondary metabolic capabilities. Single-cell genomics uncovered the genetic basis for a wide biosynthetic diversity in the enzyme-active cells and revealed a member of marine Oceanospirillales harboring a novel NRPS gene cluster with high similarity to phylogenetically distant marine and terrestrial bacteria. Interestingly, this synthase belongs to a larger class of siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters commonly associated with pestilence and disease. This demonstrates activity-guided single-cell genomics as a tool to guide novel biosynthetic discovery.
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