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  • Chemistry  (29,428)
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  • 1975-1979  (32,115)
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  • 101
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 102
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A91 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 103
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 373-390 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Influence of Chemical Composition, Structure, and Mechanical Strain on the Hydrogen Embrittlement of Fine-Grained Low-Alloy SteelsOn specimens from fine-grained low-alloy steels StE 51 and StE 36 strain induced hydrogen embrittlement has been studied under increasing, pulsating, and static load conditions in hydrogen sulphide at various strain rates, gas pressures, gas compositions, and surface qualities. Both steels displayed equal sensitivity compared to mild constructional steels, Hydrogen pick-up occurred only during plastic-deformation of the specimens and led mainly to a decrease of the reduction of area and to the formation of side cracks in the necking zone. This type of embrittlement is important for constructions subjected to pulsating load conditions causing plastic deformation in areas with constructional notches.As part of the research and development project “Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention” this investigation was supported by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Notes: An den Feinkornbaustählen StE 51 und StE 36 wurden Versuche zur dehnungsinduzierten Wasserstoffversprödung bei zügiger, bei schwellender und bei ruhender Belastung in Wasserstoff und Schwefelwasserstoff unter Variation der Dehngeschwindigkeit, des Gasüberdruckes, der Gasreinheit und der Oberflächengüte durchgeführt. Beide Stähle verhielten sich nicht grundsätzlich empfindlicher als weichere Baustähle. Eine Wasserstoffaufnahme erfolgte nur im Fließbereich und äußerte sich vornehmlich durch eine Abnahme der Brucheinschnürung oder zumindest durch Nebenrisse im Einschnürbereich. Diese Art der Versprödung kann z.B. für Konstruktionen bedeutsam sein, wenn es unter wechselndem Innendruck an Kerbstellen zu Fließvorgängen kommt.
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  • 104
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 105
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A98 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 106
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A85 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 107
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A88 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 108
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evidence of the Instrumented Fatigue Test for Fatigue Strength of Structural SteelIn the instrumented fatigue test the measurement of the frequency of loading and the power absorption of the resonance endurancetesting machine with electromagnetic energization discovery the rate of damage of the specimen. The energy and the energy gradient per cycle are especially suitable for characterize the fatigue life of the specimen. Rapid methods for evaluation fatigue strength are developed constructive on the results of experiments of fatigue tests in one load stage. The rapid methods are tested with cylindrical specimen (St 52-3) and spot weldings (St 1203). The results of measurement indicate a certain possibility of evaluation fatigue strength.
    Notes: Im instrumentierten Einstufen-Dauerschwingversuch können aus Frequenz- und Leistungsmessungen an einer Vollresonanzprüfmaschine mit elektromagnetischer Erregung Aussagen über den Schädigungsverlauf in der Probe abgeleitet werden. Die Arbeit und der Arbeitsanstieg pro Schwingspiel ermöglichen eine quantitative Differenzierung der Proben im Hinblick auf ihre Gesamtlebensdauer. Aufbauend auf Ergebnissen von Einstufenversuchen wurden aussagekräftige Kurzverfahren zur Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung entwickelt un an zylindrischen Proben aus St 52-3 und an Widerstandspunktschweißverbindungen erprobt. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen deuten die Möglichkeit zur zuverlässigen Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung aus Kurzversuchen an.
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  • 109
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A90 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 110
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 417-421 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Description of the time dependent stress-strain-behaviour of viscoelastic materials investigated in basic testsAssuming the existence of a mechanical equation of state calculation procedures are investigated in order to formulate the mechanical behaviour of viscoelastic materials in general and independent on the loading form. A case in point would be the derivation of creep behaviour from constant strain rate tensile tests or vice versa. Based on the ordinary log-log-plot for experimental data found in creep tests (constant stress conditions) and/or tensile tests a mechanical equation of state is developed. The results of the application of this equation to describe the mechanical behaviour under constant strain rate, creep and relaxation conditions in basic tests are compared with time-dependent behaviour of polycarbonat.
    Notes: Unter der Voraussetzung der Existenz einer mechanischen Zustandsgleichung werden Rechenverfahren untersucht, mit denen das in Grundversuchen ermittelte mechanische Verhalten viskoelastischer Werkstoffe unabhängig von der Beanspruchungsart beschrieben werden kann. Als Beispiel kann die Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens aus Zugversuchen mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit genommen werden. Ausgehend von der üblichen doppellogarithmischen Darstellung der Ergebnisse aus Kriechversuchen mit jeweils konstanter Spannung und/oder Zugversuchen wird eine mechanische Zustandsgleichung aufgestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Anwendung dieser Gleichung zur Beschreibung des Werkstoffverhaltens unter konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit, Kriech- und Relaxationsbedingungen in Grundversuchen sind mit dem zeitabhängigen Verhalten von Polycarbonat verglichen.
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  • 111
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A93 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 112
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A96 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 113
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A99 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 114
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A100 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Keramische Werkstoffe für Fahrzeuggasturbinen
    Notes: The objectives of the German R+D Program 1974-1980 concerning the application of ceramic components in a vehicular gas turbine are - among others -: -service temperatures of 1350 °C to gain higher efficiency,-a low fuel consumption and more flexibility in type of fuels.The goals can be achieved by introducing new ceramic materials, advanced manufacturing techniques, and new design methods.Gas turbine engineers, mechanical engineers, and ceramic materials scientists from industry and research institutions cooperate very closely to meet these goals.
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  • 116
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A101 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 117
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 118
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A2 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 119
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A4 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 120
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A5 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 121
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A6 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 122
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 24-29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dimensioning of Complicated Steel Machine Parts in the Whole Range of Load Cycle and EnduranceThere is given a concept for the early state of dimensioning machine parts, developed by multiple regression from an extensive collection of data. Starting with static strength, it is possible to evaluate fatigue strength of specimens, also notched or of real machine parts under each kind of stresses including preloads and  -  in a first rough approximation  -  also for mechanical- or heat-treated steel parts in the whole range of load cycle and endurance.
    Notes: Es wird ein Dimensionierungskonzept für die frühe Entwicklungsphase vorgestellt, das über multiple Regression aus einer umfangreichen Datensammlung entwickelt wurde. Ausgehend von statischen Festigkeitswerten erlaubt es die Ermittlung der Zug-Druck-Wechselfestigkeit glatter Proben, der Wechselfestigkeit gekerbter Proben und Bauteile unter allgemeinen Beanspruchungszuständen einschließlich Mittelspannungen sowie in einer ersten Näherung auch des Einflusses der Randschicht-Verfestigung im Bereich der Zeit- und Dauerfestigkeit.
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  • 123
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A12 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 124
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A14 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 125
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A15 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 126
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A16 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 127
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 128
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 129
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A34 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 130
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 123-127 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Work Hardening Behavior of the α-copper tin alloy CuSn6.Polycrystalline specimens of the copper-tin alloy CuSn6 have been subjected to strain-controlled single step and two step fatigue tests. In a single step test the cyclic deformation curve at the beginning reveals strong work-hardening which is decreasing in the course of the test. A saturation of the stress amplitude is not observed. In two step tests, the material shows strong cyclic work hardening immediately after the change from low to high amplitudes, After the high amplitude is being changed into a low one, pronounced softening occurs. After changes of the strain amplitudes both these typical reactions of the material are observed up to fatigue crack initiation.
    Notes: An Proben aus der α-Kupfer-Zinnlegierung CuSn6 wurden gesamtdehnungsgesteuerte Ein- und Zweistufenversuche durchgeführt. Zu Beginn der Beanspruchung weisen die Wechselverformungskurven bei Einstufenbelastung einen starken Verfestigungsanstieg auf, der mit wachsender Versuchsdauer kleiner wird. Eine Sättigung der Spannungsamplitude tritt dagegen nicht auf. Bei Zweistufenversuchen wird im Anschluß an einen Wechsel von kleiner zu großer Amplitude eine ausgeprägte Wechselverfestigung beobachtet. Nach einem Wechsel von großer zu kleiner Amplitude wird dagegen eine starke Wechselentfestigung gemessen. Bei wiederholten Amplitudenwechseln charakterisieren diese Ver- und Entfestigungsvorgänge das Werkstoffverhalten bis zum Probenanriß.
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  • 131
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fracture Mechanical Considerations on the Effect of Hot Cracks.There exists a lot of literature (1, 2) concerning the mechanisms of the origin of hot cracks. Something essential about the effects of hot cracks on the mechanical behaviour of components hardly can be found. These hot cracks can be valuated only by a quantification of the cracks and by an estimation of their behaviour under operational loadings.It is shown how by means of fracture mechanic material laws and calculation methods the growth of hot cracks under operational conditions can be evaluated. By a simple example of a fatigued vessel the systematic procedure is demonstrated and the results of calculation are explained. This procedure can be applied on the most technical problems as the operational stresses generally are below the yield point. For the region of the yield point and above it neither experimental nor theoretical results are available at the moment.The possibility of simplified calculations of burst stress of vessels is mentioned, which is derived from experiments. Experimental data (11) confirm the chosen hypothesis in so far as the burst stress can be realistically or rather conservatively evaluated by this method.It is concluded: With regard to the fact of unavoidable hot cracks for some certain austenitic steels the authors are convinced that basing on the examples and using the well known data of an austenitic steel as well as modified fracture mechanical rules the up to now empirically assumed stability of hot cracks is practically existent against intolerable crack growth. The given examples make it quite significant that the tolerable defect can be rather big without any critical consequences.If the operational conditions are at or above the level of the tolerable stresses, then safety precautions exist in so far as by means of non destructive - for instance during inservice inspections - volumetric examinations can be carried out. This will enable the detection of a critical defect or of one which becomes critical. Whilst the classic hot crack ranges in a micro dimension and therefore remains undetectable for the non destructive testing methods available at present the increased defect is detectable. Furtheron it should be pointed out that this detectable defect will surely be below the critical size and therefore will not be dangerous.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, wie mit Hilfe bruchmechanischer Werkstoffgesetze und Berechnungsmethoden das Wachstum von Heißrissen unter betrieblichen Beanspruchungen berechnet werden kann. Anhand eines einfachen Beispiels wechselbelasteter Behälter, die mit konstanter Amplitude be- und entlastet werden, wird das systematische Vorgehen demonstriert und das Resultat der Berechnung erläutert.Unter Berücksichtigung der Tatsache unvermeidbarer Heißrisse bei bestimmten austenitischen Werkstoffen wird auf Grund der gewählten Beispiele, d. h. bezogen auf einen benannten Werkstoff und modifizierten bruchmechanischen Betrachtungen, dargelegt, daß die bislang mehr oder weniger empirisch angenommene Beständigkeit gegen unzulässiges Rißwachstum tatsächlich weitgehend gegeben ist. Die hier aufgezeigten Beispiele lassen deutlich erkennen, daß der zulässige Fehler ziemlich groß sein kann, ohne kritische Folgen zu bewirken.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 142-148 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 133
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A37 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A42 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A40 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 137
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Study on the Application of the Fracture Mechanics Concept to Ductile Materials-Fracture Behavior of Rigid PVCThe fracture behavior of ductile materials cannot be treated by the methods of linear elastic fracture mechanics concept. For these materials the application of extended theories, which consider the non-linear stress-strain-relationship, is necessary.The test results being reported here have been obtained from rigid blue colored PVC. CT-specimens of different sizes were tested in tension at different loading rates. Above a certain strain level, the material shows crazing. This makes it possible to determine the plastic zone size. The relatively low Young's modulus originates in great deformations of the specimen. The deformation can therefore be measured with great accuracy.During the tests, a great number of quantities were registered. From these quantities the stress intensity factor, crack opening displacement, I-Integral and so on were calculated. The applicability of the results, in order to describe the fracture behavior of ductile materials, is being discussed.
    Notes: Das Bruchverhalten von duktil brechenden Materialien läßt sich nicht mit den Methoden der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik (LEBM) beschreiben. Für derartige Materialien sind Theorien der erweiterten LEBM und der Fließbruchmechanik (FBM) anzuwenden, die sich zum Teil auf geometrische Größen stützen, deren experimentelle Bestimmung im allgemeinen mit Problemen verbunden ist.Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erfolgt eine Überprüfung der BM-Theorien im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendbarkeit auf duktile Werkstoffe, wobei sich die Phänomenologie des Versuchswerkstoffes als hilfreich erweist. Das hier verwendete, eingefärbte PVC-hart besitzt die Eigenschaft, auf örtliches Überschreiten eines Beanspruchungsniveaus infolge crazing mit Farbveränderungen in plastischen Bereichen zu reagieren. Ferner nehmen die geometrischen Größen der unterschiedlichen BM-Theorien unter äußerer Beanspruchung durch den gegenüber metallischen Werkstoffen niederen E-Modul relativ große Werte an. Diese geometrischen Größen (Rißöffnung, Form und Ausdehnung der plastischen Zone) wurden auf optischem Wege registriert und nach einer Auswertung zusammen mit weiteren Meßgrößen den verschiedenen bruchmechanischen Theorien zugrunde gelegt.Die aus diesen Theorien gewonnenen Kennwerte werden verglichen und in eine Abschätzung über ihre Verwendbarkeit einbezogen.
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  • 138
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A51 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 139
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A52 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 140
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer Chromatography, TLC ; Flunitrazepam and clonazepam metabolites in plasma extract ; Quantitative analysis at 1 ng/ml plasma detection limit ; Whole procedure: ±15% standard deviation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitive thin-layer chromatographic method is described for the determination of the 7-amino-metabolites of flunitrazepam and clonazepam. The same procedure is applicable to other 7-nitro-benzodiazepines such as nitrazepam. A purified plasma extract of the 7-amino-metabolites is separated by thin-layer chromatography. The primary aromatic amines are diazotized and coupled with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylene-diamine on the thin-layer plate. The quantities of the 7-amino-metabolites are directly evaluated by colorimetric densitometry. The lower limit of detection is in order of 0.5-10 ng cm-3 of plasma. The relative standard deviation of the whole procedure is less than ±15% in the range of 0.5-10 ng cm-3 for a single determination.The unchanged drugs can be reduced on the thin-layer plate and detected by the same method. Since this procedure is rather difficult to perform, it is advantageous to determine the 7-nitro-benzodiazepines in plasma by gas chromatography.The thin-layer chromatographic method was used to measure the 7-amino-metabolites in plasma of patients on either a flunitrazepam or a clonazepam oral dosing regimen.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 48-48 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 142
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 49-50 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 143
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 144
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional high resolution gas chromatography with small bore glass capillary columns is simplified by use of a single 6-port flow switching rotary valve. The band spreading and tailing normally associated with mechanical valves is overcome by matching the internal valve passage diameters to that of the capillary column, and by minimizing unswept volumes in the fittings. selection of inert valve and transfer line materials effectively ellminates undesirable adsorption phenomena. The high thermal stability of the value permmits it to be mounted directly in the GC oven where it can be actuated externally. With slight modifications either packed or capillary pre-columns may be used for initial saperations. Application of enrichment, solvent removal and heart cutting are described.
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  • 145
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 70-71 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Statistically correct data treatment in chromatography, GC, LC, TLC ; Quantitative analysis ; Error propagation on peak area measurements and data pair technique ; Peak height evaluation is preferable, precise read out tools needed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 146
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 69-70 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Stationary phases, chemical stability in solutions ; SE 30, SE 54 in chloroform or toluene show rapid depolymerization (HCL-, Tetramethylammoniu hydroxide-traces responsible) ; Solutions with decreased molecular weight of silicon phase give decreased film thickness (Hg plug technique) and increased tailing in glass capillary impregnation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 147
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 366-370 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Sampling problems by syringe needle temperature ; Technical solution of the problems by cooling and heating up minimized masses ; Discrimination and standard deviation measured with test mixtures C18-C38 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On-column injection into a hot gas chromatograph oven involves the danger that the bottom part of the needle is warmed up above the boiling point of the solvent in the sample. Consequently parts of the sample are evaporated out of the needle instead of being introduced as a liquid into the capillary column. This causes losses and hence discrimination of the less volatile parts of the sample which remain in the needle.A technical solution is proposed using a system for cooling the capillary during the injection, down to the injection point in the oven.
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  • 148
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 84-87 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Computerized data presentation in GC, LC ; Chromatogram reconstruction on graphics terminal for optimized data reduction ; Lab. Basic II programme presented allows run in terminal mode and as post analysis procedure ; Automatic parameter selection zoom feature range selection etc. ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes a Lab Basic II program which allows the reconstruction of GLC-chromatograms on a Hewlett-Packard 2648A graphics terminal, starting from raw data gathered by the HP-3354A Laboratory Data System. The introduction of a considerable number of automatic parameter selections restricts user's interventions. The program can be run in terminal mode or be recalled as a post-analysis program when working in autocall mode.
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  • 149
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 88-90 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC, HPTLC ; HPTLC as pilot technique for HPLC in reversed phase analysis, RP18/RP 2 tested ; log K'-plots linear to H2O/Methanol solvent mixtures ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relationships between log k' values of polynuclear hydrocarbons and composition of water/methanol mixtures were determined for HPTLC on RP-18 silica and for HPLC using RP-2 silica. In spite of differences in the adsorbents used, a good correlation between HPLC and TLC parameters was found. In the TLC experiments, a sandwich tank with a modified solvent distributor was used.It has been reported that thin-layer chromatography is a good technique for the preliminary optimization of column chromatographic separations [1-5]. So far, the comparison of TLC and HPLC has been mainly restricted to silica as the adsorbent. Since TLC plates precoated with silanized adsorbents recently became commercially available, it seemed interesting to compare the chromatographic parameters obtained for the “reversed phase” systems with the two techniques (see also ref. 6).
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 95-100 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 499-499 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 507-511 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance chromatography ; Chemically bonded hydroxyalkyl phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Grignard and trichlorosilane coupling methods have been applied to the synthesis of surface-modified silicas carrying alkyl chains of varying length, terminally substituted by a hydroxyl group. The new phases have been characterized chromatographically using aromatic hydrocarbons, substituted anilines and metal acetylacetonates.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 155
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 118-122 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid Chromatography, HPLC ; Cannabis extract, 11 constituents separated ; Quantitation by electrochemical detector ; Δ9 Tetrahydrocannabinol down to 2-20 ng ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple, isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (EC) was used to study Cannabis constituents. Several Cannabis extracts and reference standards were examined. A total of eleven constituents were separated, and three major cannabinoids; Δ8, Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) were identified. A linear relationship was established for the quantitation of the halucinogenic constituent Δ9 THC. Minor contaminants in Δ9 THC reference standard, which were not detected by gas chromatography (GC) were detected for the first time. The detection limits of Δ9 THC and related cannabinoids were in the low nanogram range (2-20 ng).
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 591-591 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 630-631 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPTLC ; Liquid scintillation counting ; Specific radioactivity ; Phospholipids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; Vapor-phase sampling ; Sample preparation, extraction by carbon dioxide under high pressure, Freon 12 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new sample preparation procedures that produce solvent-free extracts especially suitable for use with high resolution GC are described. One is based on Soxhlet extraction in a pressurized container that permits the use of liquid carbon dioxide as the extractant; the other utilizes refluxing difluorodichloro-methane (Freon 12) to isolate entrained volatiles from gas streams.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 216-220 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, at 25O°C ; Sampling via precolumn enrichment ; Precolumn backflush, reinjection after trapping the volatiles ; Rejection of non-volatiles ; Automation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel sampling system for isothermal capillary gas chromatography of medium- or low-volatility mixtures is described and test results are reported using flame ionization detection. The system features a loading and positioning chamber for glass vials which can carry a dilute sample in up to 0.2 ml of a volatile solvent. The output from the glass vaporization chamber is trapped onto a packed precolumn operated in the backflush mode. The analytes are further transferred over a wall-coated capillary trap prior to isothermal capillary GLC. Repeat-cycle operation of the sampling system requires 10 channels of a processor for time control over 5 solenoid valves and 3 static heaters. Preliminary results with long-chain n-alkanes in the submicrogram range showed no unwanted effects. The principal claim of the system is an improved rejection of non-volatiles.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Separation of Zn, Cu, Al, Ga, In as oxinates ; Styragel 60A and Merckogel OR-PVA 2000 layers used ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gel chromatographic behavior of 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine, abbreviated HOx) complexes of zinc, copper, aluminum, gallium and indium has been investigated on thin layers of Styragel 60A and Merckogel OR-PVA 2000 mostly in chloroform and p-dioxan media. Except for the stable Cu(Ox)2, the other oxinates exhibit either hydration or decomposition in gel-solvent-solute systems, which leads to strong retention or tailing on gel layers. An excess of 8-hydroxyquinoline present in solvents allows the oxinates to be stabilized, so that well-defined compact spots come out and migrate. For the Zn(Ox)2 the formation of a self-adduct is strongly suggested on the basis of gel chromatographic behavior. Elution with the solvent containing pyridine also yields evidence of the adduct formation of zinc oxinate-nitrogen base.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 243-245 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography, instrumentation ; Detectors with dual ionization cells, ECD, FID ; Applications in packed and capillary GC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to avoid splitting at the column outlet for simultaneous multidetection, a new line of detector heads with the ionization cells coupled in series has been developed.The electron capture plus flame ionization detector (EC+FI-D) has been evaluated from the point of view of the sensitivity, the linear dynamic range and separation efficiency in a capillary column GC system. The performances of each section are the same as when a single ionization detector head is used.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 225-228 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/MS Interface ; Glass ; Open split ; HMDS glass surface deactivation ; Glass capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new all-glass interface for GC/MS designed to fully exploit the potential of glass capillary columns is described. The system works in the open split mode and has high versatility with respect to column changing. It is especially suitable for mass spectrometers, which are not exclusively dedicated to GC/MS work. Two chromatograms illustrate the properties of the described interface.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 247-247 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer Chromatography, TLC ; Petri dish chamber for anticircular separation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 268-268 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 282-282 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 283-287 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Sampling technique ; Semi-automation of head space sampling ; Application to water pollution, coffee aroma, light hydrocarbons in crude oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Head space GC using a special electropneumatic sampling system works well in combination with glass capillaries. Because a homogenous gas mixture is already present most problems inherent with inlet splitters are thus avoided. In cases where the high vapor pressure of the sample can cause problems with the pressure controlled sampling system, the use of narrow bore glass capillaries provides the necessary inlet pressure. The use of this powerful and convenient analytical tool for water pollution analysis, flavour analysis and the analysis of volatiles in crude oil samples is shown by examples.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 319-323 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Mobile phase flow programming ; Comparison with temperature programming ; Short capillaries offer considerable shorter analysis time when flow programmed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The technique of programming the carrier gas flow rate in gas chromatography, especially in connection with the use of capillary columns shorter than 10 m can significantly accelerate GC analyses. Equations for calculation of the parameters of the exponential flow function and retention data are described. The effects of flow programming in a short capillary column are shown in a few chromatograms. Different programming rates are tested and compared with temperature programming.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 259-260 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer Chromatography, TLC ; Improvement of sampling by preconcentration ; Tenfold enrichment (and more) possible by using a sandwich tank principle in continuous mode technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is demonstrated that horizontai sandwich tank with two cover plates can be used to preconcentrate sample solutions. Narrow sharply-defined starting zones are obtained just outside the smaller cover plate when the series of spots of the sample solution are applied on the thin layer and predeveloped with a volatile solvent. After evaporation of the solvent, the whole area of the TLC-plate is covered with two plates and developed with a suitable solvent.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 270-272 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 278-280 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 282-282 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 293-296 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillarym, glass ; Complete separation of bile acids in serum from cholesterol ; Analysis time less than 15 min, adaptable to GC/MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proposed combination of a rather simple procedure for sample preparation with capillary gas-liquid chromatography using a barium carbonate/polyethyleneglycol 20,000 column and a Grob-type on-column injector permits measurement of bile acids in serum with high separation efficiency, short analysis time and complete separation of bile acids from cholesterol. The method can be adapted to combined capillary gas-liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 297-302 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Surface roughening ; Amorphous silica ; Deactivation ; Column performance ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for the preparation of wall-coated glass capillary columns after surface roughening by means of amorphous silica is described. After the glass capillary has been leached, a small quantity of amorphous silica is deposited evenly on the inner surface. This is done by passing a plug of dilute water glass through the capillary, followed by a flow of gaseous hydrochloric acid. The roughened surface is stabilized, deactivated and finally coated.This paper furnishes details of the technique and information about the performance of a number of columns prepared by the method.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 378-384 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Glass capillaries for low volatile polar natural products analysis ; Application to N-TFA-dipeptide, TMS-ribose, TMS-manno-samin, peptide sequence analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two published procedures for glass capillary column production are applied to produce capillaries for chromatography of polar natural compounds. Soda lime glass capillaries, after leaching with aqueous HCL, are either treated with colloidal silicic acid or with barium carbonate and coated with either Silar 7CP or SE 52. A test mixture as well as polar carbohydrate and peptide mixtures are chromatographed on the different columns and their chromatographic properties are evaluated. Combined capillary gas chromatography-electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry are used for identification of the peptide sequence.
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  • 175
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 393-394 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 176
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 411-415 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Enantiomer amino acids separated on chirally functionalized polysiloxane phase ; McReynolds constants of chiral phase given ; HCl gas pretreatment, colloidal silicic acid deposition best wall preparation ; Racemisation tested ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillaries coated with Chirasil-Val, a chirally functionalised polysiloxane, are capable in principle of resolving all protein amino-acid enantiomers in a single run and within a short analysis time, thus allowing for example the quantitative amino acid determination by enantiomer labelling. The elution characteristics of the individual amino acids however are also dependent upon the chemical nature of the capillary wall surface, and a surface pretreatment is found to be necessary if all protein amino acids are to be analysed. Of the various methods of pretreatment tested, etching of borosilicate glass with gaseous HCl followed by deposition of colloidal silicic acid is considered to be the most suitable.
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  • 177
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 436-440 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; „bo“ data (starting peak width) in valveless multidimensional operation studied ; Heart cutting, trapping, re-injection effects measured ; Band broadening caused by connections small (160 ms2) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to permit valveless MDSS operation and easy column change, the hardware designed contains several connections. These can give rise to extra-column band broadening effects. In order to quantitate such effects, the packed-capillary column configuration (without trap) was used. The band broadening caused by the connections was found to be small: 120 ms2. A more practical approach was used to check the performance of the trap (re-injection) in the capillary-trap-capillary column configuration. Here the results obtained with re-injection from the trap were compared with results obtained in transfer and heart-cutting modes while the trap was heated. Re-injection was tested with n-alkanes ranging from n-C6 to n-C28. A starting peak width of 1.6 s was found.
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  • 178
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 456-460 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; Theory ; Linearity between peak width and retention data ; Evaluation of GC equipment ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The linearity of the relationship between σT,t2 and (1 + k)2 is studied with the view of using it for the evaluation of GC equipment. Based on appropriate analytical expressions it is concluded that in general this relationship is not linear and that practical procedures for column evaluation should be developed that take this non-linearity into account.
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  • 179
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 461-474 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Limitations by temperature, in trace analysis, by irreversible adsorption ; Sample capacity, separation efficiency ; Multidimensional GC advantageous ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillary gas chromatography is a high resolution separation method which allows the qualitative and quantitative analysis of even complex mixtures, which may contain many components-also isomeric-in a wide range of volatilities, polarities and concentrations.The principal limitation of gas chromatographic application is given by an insufficient volatility of the species to be separated. Elevated temperatures have to be applied if the application range is to be extended and to achieve steep peak profiles, i.e. low detection limits at high resolution. The use of elevated temperatures is limited, of course, by the temperature stability of both the solvent (stationary liquid and support) and the solutes.The problems of trace analysis for low volatility compounds at high resolution and its limitational parameters regarding sampling, separation and detection are discussed.The applicability of glass capillary columns in this field is influenced by the following parameters: tailing behaviour; irreversible adsorption of polar and decomposition of unstable solutes; thermal stability of stationary liquid (including the support deactivation); separation efficiency and sample capacity (film thickness).Multidimensional gas chromatography using capillary columns coupled either with a packed or another capilllary column for preseparations may be applied with advantage in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 527-528 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Leaching compared to etching ; Leaching by 20% HCI at 240°C ; Metal ions eliminated from glass surface ; Silica layer formed on leached surface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 181
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Enantiomer resolution ; Chiral stationary phase, chemically-bonded ; Enantiomer separation of α-amino acid derivatives by N-formyl-L-valyl-aminopropylsilanized silica (FVA-silica) phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 540-540 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 541-546 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 576-576 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, capillary and packed ; injection device for easy use of both column types ; avoids permanently rebuilding the chromatograph ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 581-582 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention indices and substituent constants ; Phenols ; Polar stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 536-539 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Photoionization detector ; Detector cell volume contribution to band broadening ; Flow rate effects on volumetric-based peak variance ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 549-549 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 679-686 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 715-719 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Sample introduction ; Direct manual operation at the capillary inlet ; Micro pipette is coupled onto cold separation capillary ; PTFE connection used ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 190
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Separation of polychloro biphenyls ; Separation of organochlorine pesticides ; Splitless automated injection ; Residue level ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complicated PCB mixtures can be separated in individual compounds using glass capillary gas chromatography, (GC)2. Depending on extraction and clean-up procedure it is also possible to separate and determine organochlorine pesticides at the same time.This (GC)2 technique can be used to determine the contents of individual chlorinated biphenyls in milk products and animal feedstuffs and in the analysis of complicated extracts of soil and vegetable material.Practical aspects concerning connection of the capillary, automatic splitless injection, repeatability of the retention time, quality of the column with respect to separation and adsorption and degradation of DDT are discussed.The detection of individual chlorinated biphenyls is possible at the ppb level in fats and vegetable materials, using an extraction and clean-up procedure, based on saponification of the sample.Preliminary results for milk, obtained from several areas, are shown.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 746-748 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Pt/Ir tubing ; Interfacing and coupling of columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pilot Tests with a Directionally Solidified Eutectic SuperalloySeveral vanes of a directionally solidified eutectic superalloy Co—Cr7C3 (40.7 mass% Cr, 2.4% C, rest Co) have been tested for 18 000 hrs in a stationary gas turbine plant. The average material temperature was 700 °C with maximal values at 780 °C. The vanes were demounted after 900 operation cycles and were given a thorough metallographic investigation. Due to non-constant eutecticity over the length of the blade the following effect was observed: The purely eutectic microstructure stably survived the 18 000 hrs test (lower part of the blade). That part of the blade exhibiting off-eutectic (matrix-rich) micro-structure showed carbide transitions (Cr7C3 → Cr23C6) which, in turn, induced coagulation of the carbide fibers. It is concluded that microstructural stability in Co—Cr7C3 alloys is being favored by homogeneous eutectic compositions deviating from the pseudoeutectic point towards the direction of C-rich alloys only on the eutectic trough.
    Notes: Mehrere Leitschaufeln einer gerichtet erstarrten eutektischen Superlegierung (Co-Cr7C3 mit 40,7 Masse% Cr, 2,4% C und Rest Co) wurden über eine Dauer von 18 000 h im Betriebsversuch (stationäre Gasturbine) getestet. Die durchschnittliche Materialtemperatur betrug 700 °C mit maximalen Werten um 780 °C. Nach 900 Betriebszyklen wurden die Schaufeln ausgebaut und einer gründlichen metallografischen Prüfung unterzogen. Aufgrund einer zum oberen Schaufelende hin abnehmenden Eutektizität des Gefüges (zunehmende Menge an γ-Primärdendriten) wurde folgender Effekt beobachtet: Die reineutektischen Bereiche überdauerten den Langzeittest unbeschadet; die untereutektischen Bereiche zeigten Karbid-Umwandlungsreaktionen (Cr7C3 → Cr23C6), welche wiederum Reifungsphänomene der Fasern induzierten. Es wird gefolgert, daß Stabilität dann zu erwarten ist, wenn homogen eutektische Gefüge vorliegen. Abweichungen vom quasi-eutektischen Punkt sind nur in Richtung C-reicher Zusammensetzungen auf der eutektischen Rinne gestattet.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A75 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Modifizierung von Belastungsprogrammen bei Umlaufbiegeversuchen auf das Ermüdungsverhalten von Luftfahrtwerkstoffen
    Notes: Multilevel rotating-bending block tests were performed and the effect of stress peaks on the damage sum of notched aircraft material specimens was investigated. Test results were compared from the viewpoints of the residual stress concept and of the non-linear, stress-dependent damage-cumulation approach.The residual stress concept seems to be valid not only for nonsymmetrical axial loading but also for some rotating-bending loading sequences, when stress peaks are acting. The non-linear stress-dependent damagecumulation approach is in good qualitative agreement with rotatingbending test results, in the case where the role of residual stresses is negligible.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A83 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fatigue Tests on Threaded FastenersBy conducting fatigue tests on threaded fasteners the size of the transition range in the Wöhler-diagramme and the kind of distribution of failure and non-failure in this transition range was determined as a function of the stress-amplitude.On this basis it was attempted to find a suitable statistical evaluation method for the procedure and evaluation of fatigue tests on threaded fasteners regarding to the following criterions: Number of screws to be tested,reliability and precision of the achieved values,wasting of time at the testing machine,capability of extrapolation to load-levels which had not been considered during the test procedure andexpenditure in evaluation of the test results.The results show that the function of distribution within the transition range can be sufficiently described with the Gaussian-Normal-distribution.They show furthermore that the Boundary Technique is superior to the other two tested evaluation methods (stair-case-method and arc sin method) as far as the above mentioned criterions are concerned.
    Notes: Anhand von Dauerschwingversuchen an Schraubenverbindungen wurde die Größe des Übergangsbereiches im Wöhlerfeld und die in diesem Übergangsbereich vorliegende Verteilungsform von Brüchen und Nichtbrüchen in Abhängigkeit von der Schwingkraft ermittelt.Auf dieser Basis wurde versucht, hinsichtlich der Kriterien: Probenaufwand,Verläßlichkeit und Genauigkeit der erzielbaren Kennwerte,Aufwand an der Versuchsanlage,Extrapolationsfähigkeit auf versuchstechnisch schlecht erfaßte Bereiche undAufwand an Versuchsauswertung, ein für die Durchführung und Auswertung von Dauerschwingversuchen an Schraubenverbindungen geeignetes statistiches Berechnungsverfahren zu finden.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Verteilungsfunktion im Übergangsgebiet hinreichend genau mit der Gaußschen Normalverteilung beschrieben werden kann.Sie zeigen weiter, daß von den untersuchten statistischen Auswertungsverfahren, nämlich dem arc sin-, Treppenstufen- und Abgrenzungsverfahren, das Abgrenzungsverfahren hinsichtlich der genannten Kriterien gegenüber den anderen beiden Verfahren Vorteile besitzt.
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